ObjectivesObjectives

Explain how the kingdom of England Explain how the kingdom of England was formed. was formed.

Identify the achievements of William Identify the achievements of William the Conqueror and his successors.the Conqueror and his successors.

Describe how Parliament and common Describe how Parliament and common law affected political developments in law affected political developments in England.England.

Describe how the Holy Roman Describe how the Holy Roman emperors used their power.emperors used their power.

Explain how the struggle between the Explain how the struggle between the popes and emperors developed. popes and emperors developed.

Chapter 13 Section 4 Chapter 13 Section 4 TermsTerms

Common lawCommon law

Magna CartaMagna Carta

Simon de MontfortSimon de Montfort

Chapter 13 Section 5 Chapter 13 Section 5 TermsTermsHenry IIIHenry III

Henry IVHenry IV

Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory VII

Pope Innocent IIIPope Innocent III

Monarchs vs. PopesMonarchs vs. Popes Using a much detail as possible outline Using a much detail as possible outline

the struggles between church and state the struggles between church and state for the following individuals:for the following individuals:

1)1) Henry IIIHenry III

2)2) Henry IV and Pope Gregory VIIHenry IV and Pope Gregory VII

*Be sure to include the Concordat of *Be sure to include the Concordat of WormsWorms

3) Pope Innocent III3) Pope Innocent III

*Be sure to include King John and Philip *Be sure to include King John and Philip Augustus. Augustus.

Anglo-SaxonAnglo-Saxon By 450 A.D. Roman rule in Britain ended.By 450 A.D. Roman rule in Britain ended. Following their withdrawal, Germanic Following their withdrawal, Germanic

tribes moved into the island.tribes moved into the island. The culture that emerged was called The culture that emerged was called

“Anglo–Saxon.”“Anglo–Saxon.”– Named for the two tribes the settled England Named for the two tribes the settled England

after fall of Romeafter fall of Rome The Angles The Angles The SaxonsThe Saxons

Anglo–Saxons formed several independent Anglo–Saxons formed several independent kingdoms in England.kingdoms in England.

These kingdoms were divided into These kingdoms were divided into governmental districts called shires. governmental districts called shires.

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror 1066 A.D.: The Anglo–Saxon King Edward the 1066 A.D.: The Anglo–Saxon King Edward the

Confessor dies without leaving an heir.Confessor dies without leaving an heir. A distant relative of Edward, Duke William of A distant relative of Edward, Duke William of

Normandy claimed the English Throne.Normandy claimed the English Throne. The Anglo–Saxon people did not recognize The Anglo–Saxon people did not recognize

this claim. this claim. – They selected Edward’s brother–in–law, Harold of They selected Edward’s brother–in–law, Harold of

Wessex Wessex William crosses the English Channel with a William crosses the English Channel with a

powerful Norman army, and defeated powerful Norman army, and defeated Harold’s Anglo–Saxon army in October 1066.Harold’s Anglo–Saxon army in October 1066.

December 1066 William is crowned King December 1066 William is crowned King William I of England. (William the William I of England. (William the Conqueror)Conqueror)

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror William ruled from William ruled from

1066 to 1087.1066 to 1087. Brought feudalism to Brought feudalism to

England from France.England from France. Laid a strong Laid a strong

foundation for foundation for centralized centralized government and a government and a strong monarchy in strong monarchy in England.England.

William’s SuccessorsWilliam’s Successors– Henry I Henry I – Henry IIHenry II– King JohnKing John

Magna CartaMagna Carta 1215: King John raised taxes on the 1215: King John raised taxes on the

nobles to pay for the wars. The nobles nobles to pay for the wars. The nobles joined together against King John and joined together against King John and threatened a revolution.threatened a revolution.

Threats of an armed uprising forced Threats of an armed uprising forced John to accept the Magna Carta.John to accept the Magna Carta.

Purpose was to limit the king’s power Purpose was to limit the king’s power and protect the liberties of the and protect the liberties of the nobles. nobles.

Magna Carta becomes the Magna Carta becomes the cornerstone of constitutional cornerstone of constitutional government and representative government and representative government. government.

Magna CartaMagna Carta The Magna Carta limited the king’s The Magna Carta limited the king’s

power and protected the nobles rights.power and protected the nobles rights. A Great Council (later called A Great Council (later called

Parliament) was created. All the king’s Parliament) was created. All the king’s laws had to be passed by the laws had to be passed by the representatives in the Great Council.representatives in the Great Council.

Parliament is like our Congress.Parliament is like our Congress. Established rights of: Church freedom, Established rights of: Church freedom,

Trial by jury, due process, and Trial by jury, due process, and freedom of taxation without consent of freedom of taxation without consent of the Council.the Council.

Magna Carta vs. U.S. Magna Carta vs. U.S. ConstitutionConstitution

• Groups of 2Groups of 2• Each group needs an edited copy of the Each group needs an edited copy of the

Magna Carta and a copy of the U.S. Magna Carta and a copy of the U.S. ConstitutionConstitution

• Assignment:Assignment: For each numbered article in For each numbered article in the Magna Carta you need to find its the Magna Carta you need to find its matching phrase in the U.S. Constitution matching phrase in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Write down the location and Bill of Rights. Write down the location of your answer (Ex: Amendment 4 or of your answer (Ex: Amendment 4 or Article 1 Section 2) and briefly explain Article 1 Section 2) and briefly explain your answer in your own words.your answer in your own words.

• Amendments will be used for every answer Amendments will be used for every answer except for #12.except for #12.

Parliament Parliament 1260 A.D. nobles revolt against King Henry III1260 A.D. nobles revolt against King Henry III Nobles wanted to gain the support of the Nobles wanted to gain the support of the

middle-class.middle-class. Together the middle-class and nobility could Together the middle-class and nobility could

combine forces against the king. combine forces against the king. 1265 representatives of the middle-class met 1265 representatives of the middle-class met

with the Great Council. with the Great Council. Eventually became the English Parliament.Eventually became the English Parliament. Parliament is like our Congress.Parliament is like our Congress. Parliament was divided into two parts Parliament was divided into two parts

(houses)(houses)– The House of LordsThe House of Lords

Nobles and Clergy Nobles and Clergy – The House of CommonsThe House of Commons

knights and burgesses (leading citizens)knights and burgesses (leading citizens)

Common LawCommon Law

King Edward I divided the king’s King Edward I divided the king’s court into three branches.court into three branches.– The Court of the ExchequerThe Court of the Exchequer– The Court of the Common PleasThe Court of the Common Pleas– The Court of the King’s BenchThe Court of the King’s Bench

The decisions made by these courts The decisions made by these courts became know as common law and became know as common law and were used in future court verdicts. were used in future court verdicts.

Common law applied equally and in Common law applied equally and in “common” to all English people. “common” to all English people.

The Holy Roman The Holy Roman EmpireEmpire

Otto I elected king of Otto I elected king of Germany in 936 A.D.Germany in 936 A.D.

Otto developed a strong Otto developed a strong kingdom in Germanykingdom in Germany

Helped Pope John XII Helped Pope John XII defeat the Roman defeat the Roman nobles.nobles.

962 A.D. Pope rewards 962 A.D. Pope rewards Otto by crowning him Otto by crowning him Emperor of the Romans.Emperor of the Romans.

Otto’s Empire lasted, at Otto’s Empire lasted, at least in name, into the least in name, into the early 1800s.early 1800s.

Struggles between the Struggles between the Papacy and European Papacy and European Rulers Rulers

Henry III ruled during the Holy Roman Henry III ruled during the Holy Roman Empire’s height of power.Empire’s height of power.

Removed three popes and elected his Removed three popes and elected his own.own.

Henry IV excommunicated by Pope Henry IV excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII.Gregory VII.

Frederick I defeated by the Pope and Frederick I defeated by the Pope and the Lombard League. the Lombard League.

King John of England: forced to King John of England: forced to become a vassal of Pope Innocent III become a vassal of Pope Innocent III and pay an annual tithing to Rome and pay an annual tithing to Rome after being interdicted. after being interdicted.

ReviewReview

How was the kingdom of England formed? How was the kingdom of England formed? What were the achievements of William What were the achievements of William

the Conqueror and his successors?the Conqueror and his successors? How did Parliament and common law How did Parliament and common law

affected political developments in affected political developments in England?England?

How did the Holy Roman emperors use How did the Holy Roman emperors use their power?their power?

How did the struggle between the popes How did the struggle between the popes and emperors developed?and emperors developed?