objectives essential question what would life be like on another planet? objectives describe...
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Objectives
Essential Question What would life be like on another
planet?
Objectives Describe conditions on other planets
in our solar system Explain why the planets have
different conditions (Inner vs. Outer)
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Retrograde Motion Retrograde motion
A planet’s apparent backward motion in the sky
Similar to passing a slower car
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Measuring Distance in Space Astronomical Unit (AU)
A planets average distance to the Sun Sun to Earth = 1 AU = 1.496x108 km
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Kepler’s First Law
Perihelion – When a planet is closest to the sun in its orbit
Aphelion – When a planet is farthest away from the sun in its orbit
Eccentricity – The shape of a planets elliptical orbit
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Terrestrial Planets
Inner Planets
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Mercury
No Moons 1/3 size of
Earth Mercury has
essentially NO atmosphere
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Mercury
Temp ranges from 700 K to 100 K Due to slow rotation and proximity to the sun
Surface covered with craters and plains
Nickel Iron core Molten Zone in the interior
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Venus
•No Moons
•Average temp: 737 K (Runaway Greenhouse Effect)
•Almost 90 times greater pressure
•Retrograde Rotation
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Venus
Atmosphere has Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen
Surface smoothed by volcanic lava flows, few impact craters
Interior similar to Earths
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Earth
• One Moon
• Water on Surface
• Atmosphere 78% N and 21% O
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Mars
• Two Moons
• Thin Atmosphere with constant wind
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Mars
Southern Mars is heavily cratered and high lands
Northern Mars dominated by plains with few craters
4 Shield Volcanoes – Olympus Mons Large because there are no moving
tectonic plates Polar Ice caps – dry ice over water ice Interior – Solid Nickel Iron Core
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Gas Giant Planets
Outer Planets
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Jupiter• Eleven times larger
than Earth
• Atmosphere contains H and He
• Great Red Spot – Atmospheric Storm that has been rotating for more than 300 years.
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Jupiter
Four Galilean (Satellites)Moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Moons are composed of Ice and Rock mixtures
Jupiter has a Ring
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Saturn
• Atmosphere composed of Hydrogen, Helium and Ammonia Ice near top of clouds
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Saturn
Rings composed of pieces of rock and ice (Range in size from microscopic to the size of a house)
Seven Major rings made up of narrower rings
Gravity of Saturn keeps the rings from coming together to form a moon
18 Satellites, largest is Titan
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Uranus
• Atmosphere contains Hydrogen, Helium and Methane Gas
• Methane gives planet its bluish color
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Uranus
Rotational Axis is tipped Possibly caused by a collision
18 Moon and 10 rings Rings are dark in color and hard to see
Temperature avg. -215 C
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Neptune
• Atmosphere contains Hydrogen, Helium and Methane
• Has clouds
• Great Dark Spot – Storm disappeared in 1994
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Neptune
Eight moons – Largest Triton Triton has a retrograde orbit
Neptune has 6 rings composed of microscopic dust particles
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Pluto Has a solid Surface Not a Terrestrial Planet or a Gas
Giant Planet Half Ice and Half Rock Pluto has a Moon – Charon Past Kuiper Belt
Status recently changed – No longer a planet : (