objectives - alachua · 3/19/2020 lesson 03.04 why research? you've learned the basics of...

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Introduction https://alachua.flvs.net/educator/student/frame_toolbar.cgi?abush68*abush68*mpos=1&spos=0&option=hidemenu&slt=Oj5HYmaKUg8U.*4845*http://… 1/2 ENGLISH I | 03 : CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04 : GATHERING EVIDENCE Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: use resource strategies to gather information relevant to a research question evaluate the credibility of sources All I am armed with is research. — Mike Wallace © 2012 Jupiterimages Corporation Unless Otherwise Noted All Content © 2020 Florida Virtual School

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Page 1: Objectives - Alachua · 3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Why Research? You've learned the basics of argumentation, and you've discovered what works by analyzing effective arguments

3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Introduction

https://alachua.flvs.net/educator/student/frame_toolbar.cgi?abush68*abush68*mpos=1&spos=0&option=hidemenu&slt=Oj5HYmaKUg8U.*4845*http://… 1/2

ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

use resource strategies to gather information relevant to a research question

evaluate the credibility of sources

All I am armed with is research.

— Mike Wallace

© 2012 Jupiterimages Corporation

Unless Otherwise Noted All Content © 2020 Florida Virtual

School

Page 2: Objectives - Alachua · 3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Why Research? You've learned the basics of argumentation, and you've discovered what works by analyzing effective arguments

3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Why Research?

You've learned the basics of argumentation, and you've discovered what works by analyzing effective

arguments. Now, you are ready to craft a winning argument of your own. Read the following research

question. What is your gut response to this topic?

Several news articles are provided to help you begin gathering information to answer the question.

This is a real world question that is debated almost daily. You are invited to join the debate by

gathering evidence, forming an argument, and presenting your position as a speech to a special

committee (aka your instructor) by the end of the module.

Unless Otherwise Noted All Content © 2020 Florida Virtual

School

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something he or she posts in his or her private life?

"Facebook policies: Tricky for employers, workers"

"Software helps schools monitor athletes' postings"

"Placenta photo gets Kansas nursing students expelled"

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3/19/2020 Facebook policies: Tricky for employers, workers

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Facebook policies: Tricky for employers, workers

In the age of instant tweets and impulsive Facebook posts, some companies are still trying to figure out

how they can limit what their employees say about work online without running afoul of the law.

Confusion about what workers can or can't post has led to a surge of more than 100 complaints at the

National Labor Relations Board – most within the past year – and created uncertainty for businesses

about how far their social media policies can go.

"Employers are struggling to figure out what the right policies are and what they should do when these

cases arise," said Michael Eastman, labor law policy director at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.

In one case, a Chicago-area car salesman was fired after going on Facebook to complain that his BMW

dealership served overcooked hot dogs, stale buns and other cheap food instead of nicer fare at an event

to roll out a posh new car model.

The NLRB's enforcement office found the comments were legally protected because the salesman was

expressing concerns about the terms and conditions of his job, frustrations he had earlier shared in person

with other employees.

But the board's attorneys reached the opposite conclusion in the case of a Wal-Mart employee who went

on Facebook to complain about management "tyranny" and used an off-color Spanish word to refer to a

female assistant manager. The worker was suspended for one day and disqualified from seeking

promotion for a year.

The board said the postings were "an individual gripe" rather than an effort to discuss work conditions

with co-workers and declined to take action against the retailer.

Those cases are among 14 investigations the board's acting general counsel, Lafe Solomon, discussed in a

lengthy report last month on the rise in social media cases. Solomon says federal law permits employees

to talk with co-workers about their jobs and working conditions without reprisal – whether that

conversation takes place around the water cooler or on Facebook or Twitter.

"Most of the social media policies that we've been presented are very, very overbroad," Solomon said in an

interview. "They say you can't disparage or criticize the company in any way on social media, and that is

not true under the law."

The number of cases spiked last year after the board sided with a Connecticut woman fired from an

ambulance company after she went on Facebook to criticize her boss. That case settled earlier this year,

with the company agreeing to change its blogging and Internet policy that had banned workers from

discussing the company over the Internet.

The National Labor Relations Act protects both union and nonunion workers when they engage in

"protected concerted activity" – coming together to discuss working conditions. But when online

comments might be seen by hundreds or thousands of eyeballs, companies are concerned about the effect

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3/19/2020 Facebook policies: Tricky for employers, workers

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of disparaging remarks.

Doreen Davis, a management-side labor lawyer based in Philadelphia, said many of her corporate clients

are often "surprised and upset" when they learn they can't simply terminate employees for talking about

work online.

"All of us on the management side are being inundated with calls and inquiries from clients about this,"

Davis said. "A lot of companies want their social media policies reviewed or they want to establish one for

the first time."

But the NLRB's Solomon also warns workers that not everything they write on Facebook or Twitter will be

permissible under the law just because it discusses their job.

"A lot of Facebook, by its very nature, starts out as mere griping," Solomon said. "We need some evidence

either before, during or after that you are looking to your fellow employees to engage in some sort of

group action."

In one case, an employee at an Indiana emergency transportation and fire protection company was fired

after writing on the Facebook wall of her U.S. senator, Republican Dick Lugar, to complain that her

company skimped on wages and that its cheap service compromised the quality of care.

The NLRB's enforcement office declined to take up her case, saying that the employee didn't discuss her

complaints with other workers or show any attempt to take employee complaints to management. She

may have been trying to make a public official aware of problems with emergency medical services in

Indiana, but board attorneys said that wasn't enough to protect her under the law.

While there are more than 100 cases pending before the board, only one has actually led to a formal

ruling. Earlier this month, an administrative law judge at the agency found that a Buffalo, N.Y., nonprofit

group illegally fired five workers after they posted Facebook comments complaining about workload and

staffing issues.

The judge ordered the group, Hispanics United of Buffalo, to reinstate the five employees and award them

back pay.

The Chamber of Commerce's Eastman said it's too early to criticize how the board is interpreting the law,

but he wants to see what happens in closer cases where an employee goes "over the top" with criticism of

a supervisor of employer.

"Where will the board draw the line between concerted activity and an employer's legitimate non-

disparagement policy?" Eastman said.

This article was written by Sam Hananel and appeared online. The online publication is the "Claims

Journal," with a url of: https://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2011/09/27/191949.htm. The article

was posted September 27, 2011.

Print

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3/19/2020 Software helps schools monitor athletes' postings

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Software helps schools monitor athletes' postings

Last fall, before he got fired, Texas Tech football coach Mike Leach banned his Red Raiders from using

Twitter after a player tweeted that his coach had been late to a team meeting.

Twitter and Facebook were "stupid" distractions, Leach said, and only narcissists want to "type stuff about

themselves all the time."

Yet, that's what tens of thousands of college athletes are doing—sending a flood of mostly inane and

meaningless chatter that sometimes includes something of interest either to their school or the NCAA.

Finding those comments can be overwhelming—but schools now have an app that can do it.

Roughly two dozen athletic departments are using a software program that tracks the Facebook, Twitter,

and MySpace pages of athletes for inappropriate posts. When a questionable one pops up, it can alert

school officials in a matter of minutes.

"The way we tried to present this to student-athletes [was], 'We're not trying to spy on you. It's not that we

don't trust you. It's that we care about you," said Nebraska associate athletic director Keith Zimmer, whose

department bought the software after two wrestlers posed for a pornography web site in 2008.

Vermont-based UDiligence sells the program to schools for up to $5,000 per year, billing itself as

"reputation management for student-athletes." But it's also clear that schools are paying for reputation

preservation.

In today's world, new communication tools are coming so fast that university compliance offices are

increasingly overwhelmed as they are asked to check web sites, eMails, and tweets for improprieties.

Officially, the NCAA instructs schools to self-report immediately whenever they determine there has been

a problem.

Indiana's compliance office consists of eight full-time employees, one full-time intern, and two to four

part-time interns.

"We've had to learn new strategies, and we're always trying to find new strategies," said Mary Ann

Rohleder, Indiana's associate athletic director for compliance. "I think our compliance office does a good

job. But we could probably have people working every single hour of every day and still not catch all of it."

UDiligence CEO and founder Kevin Long came up with the idea for the software after hearing sports

information directors express concerns about the social media activities of their players. Since launching

in 2008, Long said, it has been used by Texas Tech, Texas A&M, Louisville, and Ole Miss, among others.

UDiligence has a monitoring application for Facebook that athletes install on their profiles. The software

can locate more than 400 inappropriate words—a list Long crafted with help from his old fraternity

brothers at Purdue—in status updates and photo and video captions and comments.

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3/19/2020 Software helps schools monitor athletes' postings

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The application is designed to look for language that can lead to trouble—incidents like the expletive-

filled posting Oregon receiver Jamere Holland put on his Facebook page earlier this year, or the racial slur

Texas lineman Buck Burnette had on his Facebook site after Barack Obama was elected president. Holland

was kicked off the team and Burnette was dismissed by Texas.

UDiligence only checks public pages on Twitter, at least for now. For MySpace, schools have to set up their

own account and have the athletes OK that page.

Long says none of the schools is using the software to track incoming recruits, so far.

"It's not a gotcha tool. It's not a disciplinary tool. It's a mentoring and educational tool," Long said. "The

problem that the schools were seeing was that, 'Hey, we're getting some negative publicity about this.' But

in reality, what they're concerned about is when their athletes go out and graduate and they go into an

interview setting where the first thing they might say is 'Hey, can I see your Facebook page?'"

Schools aren't infringing freedom of speech rights if the athletes consent to be monitored, says Adam

Kissel of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE).

Though Nebraska discontinued the service after one year because school officials believe they can handle

things on their own, Zimmer raved about the service. So did Ole Miss assistant athletic director Jamil

Northcutt, who recalled seeing "tons" of alerts when the school first started using the software.

That flood slowed to a trickle over time. Northcutt said players, not administrators, will receive the alerts

in the future so they can take responsibility for their own social media activities.

"We're not big brother, but big mother. We'll get you to just think about it," Northcutt said. "The more

knowledge we can give our kids about this subject, the [better] they're going to be later on."

Most schools teach athletes about the risks involved with social media through meetings with coaches and

administrators. Many believe that's enough.

Steve Malchow, an associate athletic director at Iowa State, said the Cyclones talked about using a service

such as UDiligence but decided to focus on educating their players, not monitoring them.

"We just have felt like muzzling people's rights to communicate is not proper. What we can do instead is

focus on sharing with them what the consequences are if they act inappropriately," Malchow said.

At the NCAA, there is more concern about inappropriate contact with recruits. Two years ago, Division I

coaches were banned from text-messaging recruits.

NCAA interim president Jim Isch acknowledged in a recent interview with The Associated Press that

finding solutions is tricky because of free-speech concerns and the evolving world of communication.

"Who knows what we're going to be addressing in the future?" Isch said. "I don't know how we can limit

communications given the technology that exists."

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3/19/2020 Software helps schools monitor athletes' postings

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Both Luke Meredith and Michael Marot wrote this article, which appeared online for eCampusNews. The

date of the article is June 5th, 2010, and the url is: https://www.ecampusnews.com/2010/06/14/software-

helps-schools-monitor-athletes-postings/

Print

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3/19/2020 Placenta photo gets Kansas nursing students expelled

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Placenta photo gets Kansas nursing students expelled

OVERLAND PARK, Kan. – Four students who posed for photos with a human placenta have been kicked

out of a suburban Kansas City nursing program after one of the pictures was posted on Facebook.

One of the students, Doyle Byrnes, has filed a complaint in U.S. District Court in Kansas seeking to force

Johnson County Community College to reinstate her before classes resume Jan. 19.

The Kansas City Star reported that Byrnes and several other students were attending a lab course at

Olathe Medical Center in November when one of them asked a nursing instructor for permission to

photograph the placenta so they could share the experience on Facebook.

The lawsuit against the college and several of its employees said that the nursing instructor responded,

"Oh, you girls," but didn't tell them not to do it or that it could result in discipline.

Afterward, Byrnes posted a photo on the social networking site showing her smiling broadly, wearing a lab

coat and surgical gloves and leaning over the placenta in a tray. Nothing in the photos identified the

woman from whom the placenta came.

The photo was on Facebook for about three hours until the nursing instructor called Byrnes and told her to

remove it. Byrnes asked if she was in trouble and the instructor replied she was not, the lawsuit says.

Byrnes removed the photo immediately and has since closed her Facebook account.

Byrnes and the other three students who posed with the placenta were expelled the next day. The lawsuit

didn't fully identify the other students.

Jeanne Walsh, director of nursing at the college, criticized Byrnes in a letter that was included as an

exhibit with the complaint.

"Your demeanor and lack of professional behavior surrounding this event was considered a disruption to

the learning environment," the letter said.

The defendants' attorney, Thomas Hammond, didn't immediately respond to an e-mail sent Saturday night

by The Associated Press.

Clifford Cohen, who represents Byrnes, argues that his client was deprived of due process and that nothing

in the school's code of conduct addresses photographs or social media. He said Byrnes' actions were not

disrespectful.

"They're not giggly teenagers," Cohen said of the four expelled students. "They all impress me as serious,

career-minded women who are utterly stunned at what's happened to them."

Court documents say that Walsh had said she would support Byrnes if she sought readmission to the

nursing school next fall. But Cohen said his client plans to move to another state in a few months and

seek work there.

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3/19/2020 Placenta photo gets Kansas nursing students expelled

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Cohen said his client's career hangs in the balance.

"With this kind of black mark on her record, who knows whether she can enroll in another nursing school,"

he said. "Would she be able to get a job?"

This article was published on January 2, 2011. It appeared on FoxNews Online at:

https://www.foxnews.com/us/placenta-photo-gets-kansas-nursing-students-expelled. No author was

given.

Print

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Basics

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ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

Why should I research?

Writers research to learn and then validate their ideas and conclusions. However, research is more

than "Googling" a topic and sticking a few quotations in a paper. Research should inform your position,

support your claim, and help accomplish your purpose.

Watch this part of President Obama's State of the Union address. What details came from research?

How does the researched information add to his argument?

President Obama's State of the Union Address—Text Version

The third step in winning the future is rebuilding America. To attract new businesses to

our shores, we need the fastest, most reliable ways to move people, goods, and

information — from high-speed rail to high-speed Internet.

Our infrastructure used to be the best, but our lead has slipped. South Korean homes now

have greater Internet access than we do. Countries in Europe and Russia invest more in

their roads and railways than we do. China is building faster trains and newer airports.

Meanwhile, when our own engineers graded our nation's infrastructure, they gave us a

"D."

We have to do better. America is the nation that built the transcontinental railroad,

brought electricity to rural communities, constructed the Interstate Highway System. The

jobs created by these projects didn't just come from laying down track or pavement. They

came from businesses that opened near a town's new train station or the new off-ramp.

So over the last two years, we've begun rebuilding for the 21st century, a project that has

meant thousands of good jobs for the hard-hit construction industry. And tonight, I'm

proposing that we redouble those efforts.

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Basics

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Researched details:

Obama uses these facts to prove that America has lost its lead when it comes to technology and

transportation. These facts show that other countries are taking the lead, and they make the audience

want to support the president’s plan to improve.

Print

SHOW VIDEO

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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As you consider possible sources for your research, go “forward” with the sources that are current, reliable, have an

informed and unbiased author, and have a clear purpose.

ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

Current Reliable Authority Purpose

For an argument to be logical and convincing, it needs facts, expert opinion, and explanations. How do

you find these things if you aren’t an expert on the topic? Research will give you exactly what you

need.

But don’t just grab any source on your topic. Ask yourself:

Is this source credible?

The sources you select to develop an argument should be credible and appeal to logic. Sources that

appeal to emotions or ethics could be biased and might not provide enough facts to give you a

balanced view of the issue. In addition, the author of the source should be an authority on the topic. A

credible source will be current and reliable. It will contain information from authorities or experts, and

it will have a clear, unbiased purpose. Select each tab to learn more about choosing credible sources.

A credible source should be current for your content. For example, if you are researching

social media, your sources should be recent. However, if you are researching the Civil Rights

Movement, your sources could be recent, or they could date back to the 1960s or before. Ask:

When was the source written?

Has it been updated?

Is it current for the topic?

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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Look at these three emails and evaluate their credibility. If the source seems credible, select “Forward.”

If the source is not credible, select “Delete.”

The Opportunity to Know—Text Version

An email inbox with the following messages:

Subject: Welcome

Select an email below. Read it carefully from beginning to end and select either "Forward" or

"Delete" to determine how it should be handled.

Do your research to validate the contents of the email. If the email contains useful, factual

information, select "Forward." However, if the email is misleading, select "Delete."

Subject: Don't Drink the Water!

Newspapers are not reporting an official discovery because officials do not want widespread

panic to permeate the city. An inside source at the local water treatment plant said there is a

dangerous substance in our water: dihydrogen monoxide.

This substance is not safe for human consumption. Don't drink the water!! If you care about your

friends and family, send them this email today.

FORWARD

This one should go to the recycle bin. This email forward is for the gullible. A quick search

online reveals that dihydrogen monoxide is quite simply...water!

DELETE

This one should go to the recycle bin. This email forward is for the gullible. A quick search

online reveals that dihydrogen monoxide is quite simply...water!

Subject: Gel Candles Explode

I had to send this to everyone I know because it could save your home or your life. Yesterday I

lit one of those gel candles that are supposed to burn longer and cleaner than regular candles.

After several hours of burning, I heard a pop. The container holding the candle exploded right

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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on my desk; the wick continued to burn, and the wax began to spread. Some papers were

nearby, and they caught on fire.

Forunately, I was there and saw it happen so I could put the flame out, but what if I had been in

another part of the house? Be on the safe side. Avoid these gel candles, and never leave a

burning candle unattended. Forward this to everyone you know; it may save them.

FORWARD

This email contains information that is surprising—and true. Gel candles can explode; the

heat from the burning candle can expand to the glass container, causing it to burst. A

responsible emailer would research the content of this email before forwarding.

DELETE

This email contains information that is surprising—and true. Gel candles can explode; the

heat from the burning candle can expand to the glass container, causing it to burst. A

responsible emailer would research the content of this email before forwarding.

Subject: Use Your Cell Phone in the Kitchen

I don't usually send forwards, but I tried this out, and it worked! It is scary to think what the

phone must do to our brain cells

Try it for yourself. Stand one foot away from a friend or family member. Put a bag of popcorn

between the two of you. use your cell phone to call your friend or family member's cell phone.

Talk for a few minutes...and you will start to hear a sizzling sound followed by a pop! Keep

talking to pop the rest of the popcorn!

Forward this to all your contacts so they can see this cool phenomenon and maybe think twice

about talking on their cell phones too much.

FORWARD

This one should go to the recycle bin. This email is another one intended for the

unsuspecting individual. The sender tries to lend credibility by saying he or she tried it and

it worked, but a quick online search identifies this "experiment" as one of the newest urban

legends, something that people believe simply because everyone believes it without ever

researching it.

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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DELETE

This one should go to the recycle bin. This email is another one intended for the

unsuspecting individual. The sender tries to lend credibility by saying he or she tried it and

it worked, but a quick online search identifies this "experiment" as one of the newest urban

legends, something that people believe simply because everyone believes it without ever

researching it.

Print

Unless Otherwise Noted All Content © 2020 Florida Virtual

School

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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As you consider possible sources for your research, go “forward” with the sources that are current, reliable, have an

informed and unbiased author, and have a clear purpose.

ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

Current Reliable Authority Purpose

For an argument to be logical and convincing, it needs facts, expert opinion, and explanations. How do

you find these things if you aren’t an expert on the topic? Research will give you exactly what you

need.

But don’t just grab any source on your topic. Ask yourself:

Is this source credible?

The sources you select to develop an argument should be credible and appeal to logic. Sources that

appeal to emotions or ethics could be biased and might not provide enough facts to give you a

balanced view of the issue. In addition, the author of the source should be an authority on the topic. A

credible source will be current and reliable. It will contain information from authorities or experts, and

it will have a clear, unbiased purpose. Select each tab to learn more about choosing credible sources.

A reliable source will be well-written and provide facts and references to support its position.

Government and higher education websites are usually credible. Look for websites ending in

.gov and .edu. Ask:

Are there spelling mistakes or grammatical errors?

Is the information provided factual and supported with research?

Can you verify the information in other sources?

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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Look at these three emails and evaluate their credibility. If the source seems credible, select “Forward.”

If the source is not credible, select “Delete.”

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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As you consider possible sources for your research, go “forward” with the sources that are current, reliable, have an

informed and unbiased author, and have a clear purpose.

ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

Current Reliable Authority Purpose

For an argument to be logical and convincing, it needs facts, expert opinion, and explanations. How do

you find these things if you aren’t an expert on the topic? Research will give you exactly what you

need.

But don’t just grab any source on your topic. Ask yourself:

Is this source credible?

The sources you select to develop an argument should be credible and appeal to logic. Sources that

appeal to emotions or ethics could be biased and might not provide enough facts to give you a

balanced view of the issue. In addition, the author of the source should be an authority on the topic. A

credible source will be current and reliable. It will contain information from authorities or experts, and

it will have a clear, unbiased purpose. Select each tab to learn more about choosing credible sources.

Sources you use to support an argument should be written by people who are experts or

have authority to write on the subject. Ask:

What are the author’s qualifications to write on this topic?

Does the author use research to support his or her position?

Is the source published by a credible institution?

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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Look at these three emails and evaluate their credibility. If the source seems credible, select “Forward.”

If the source is not credible, select “Delete.”

Unless Otherwise Noted All Content © 2020 Florida Virtual

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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As you consider possible sources for your research, go “forward” with the sources that are current, reliable, have an

informed and unbiased author, and have a clear purpose.

ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

Current Reliable Authority Purpose

For an argument to be logical and convincing, it needs facts, expert opinion, and explanations. How do

you find these things if you aren’t an expert on the topic? Research will give you exactly what you

need.

But don’t just grab any source on your topic. Ask yourself:

Is this source credible?

The sources you select to develop an argument should be credible and appeal to logic. Sources that

appeal to emotions or ethics could be biased and might not provide enough facts to give you a

balanced view of the issue. In addition, the author of the source should be an authority on the topic. A

credible source will be current and reliable. It will contain information from authorities or experts, and

it will have a clear, unbiased purpose. Select each tab to learn more about choosing credible sources.

It is important to know the purpose of the sources you are considering. Depending on the

purpose, writers may have less of a commitment to providing factual, researched, and

unbiased information. Newspaper articles are often researched and reliable, but writers and

publishers can also have a bias. Ask:

Is the purpose of the source to persuade, inform, sell, or entertain?

Does the source have a fair and balanced perspective?

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Strategies

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Look at these three emails and evaluate their credibility. If the source seems credible, select “Forward.”

If the source is not credible, select “Delete.”

Unless Otherwise Noted All Content © 2020 Florida Virtual

School

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Previewing Sources

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ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

Can this source help me?

When you conduct research, it can be helpful

to preview sources before using them. This

will save time!

When you are researching electronic sources

such as websites and databases, there are a

few useful things you should look for:

subheadings

highlighted words

diagrams

graphics

photos

These details will help you understand the material you are researching better. If you see useful

information in these sources, you may want to explore them further. If you do not see any of these

useful things in a source, it might be better to move on to the next source on your list.

When you are researching print sources such as books, magazines, and newspapers, look at the

following areas to determine whether the source is going to be helpful:

index

table of contents

diagrams, charts, and images in the article or chapter

Use these resources to find out whether the book, magazine, or newspaper contains the information

you need. If it doesn't, move on!

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Previewing Sources

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Did you know that you are already a pro at researching? Think about it. When you go to

“google,” you have a need for information whether it is learning the latest fashion trends,

discovering how to fix a phone, or finding out the best hacks to your favorite game.

Once you enter your search terms, you preview the results to see which one has what you need.

Then, if sources look promising, you click on them to determine if they know what they are

talking about. You find the answer to your question and move on. See? You use research skills

every day!

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Consider Credibility

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ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

To ensure a well-researched argument, you will need a minimum of two sources. Earlier in the lesson,

you were given several sources for your research question. You can use one, two, or all three of the

listed sources, but you also need to locate one credible source on your own. Read on to find out what

to do with your sources as you locate them.

What do I do with this source?

Once you have located at least two credible sources, you are ready to gather evidence. The goal of

research is not to simply prove your position but to learn both sides of the argument and then come to

a conclusion.

 

As you research, write down information for both sides of the argument. You will need to

be able to explain the other side’s perspective once you have taken a position. Research

can help you do that but only if you write it down.

Take notes and record source information in the way that works best for you:

Handwrite notes on notecards or paper.

Take notes electronically by copying and pasting key findings into a Research

Notes Organizer.

Use a note-taking app.

However you choose to take notes, be sure to record only one point per card or section.

This will make it easier for you to organize your points later.

Record facts, explanations, or anything useful in the exact words from the source. Put

quotation marks around all direct quotes from the source. This is the easiest way to

ensure you do not plagiarize or take credit for words that are not yours.

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Consider Credibility

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When you go to use your research in your argument,

you will keep some of the information as direct

quotations, and some of it you will paraphrase or

summarize. At this stage, record direct quotations so

you don’t have to return to the source later to discover

what the author really said.

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3/19/2020 Research Strategies Note-Taking Guide

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Research Strategies Note-Taking Guide

In the “Research” column, write down only one detail or fact for each row. Record all source information

only once for each source. After that, write only the author’s last name for each recorded detail.

Remember, you need at least two sources.

Research question:

Research Source Information

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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3/19/2020 Lesson 03.04 Research Essentials

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ENGLISH I | 03: CRAFTING A WINNING ARGUMENT | 04: GATHERING EVIDENCE

At the research stage, you do not have to create a Works Cited entry, but you should record all source

information so that you can create one later. When you find useful information in your research, locate

and record the following source details before moving on to another source:

Author and/or editor names

Title of article in quotation marks

Title of website or book in italics

Page numbers for a book; URL for a website (without the http://)

Posting date, version, volume, or issue numbers

Publisher name and date of publication

Access date for electronic sources

 

That’s it! You have the essentials to begin gathering evidence to answer the research question

you selected earlier in the lesson. For each topic, several sources have been provided to help

you begin your research. You need to locate at least one more credible source to use for your

argument.

Begin your research now. Use what you have learned in this lesson to gather evidence and

document your research. Use the Research Notes Organizer or use a different tool that works

for you.

Be prepared to share some of your findings and your two sources including source information

in this lesson’s quiz.

Still not sure what your note-taking will look like? Check out a few notes on the Sample Research

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3/19/2020 Research Strategies Note-Taking Guide

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Research Strategies Note-Taking Guide

Research question: Should teenagers “voluntour”?

Research Source Information

“Animal sanctuaries and orphanages are often

manufactured for the voluntourist…encouraging a

cycle of exploiting the very animals and children the

volunteers are trying to help.”

Dale Rolfe

“Twelve Tips on Ethical Volunteering and How to

Avoid the Voluntourism Trap”

Hostel World

April 16, 2018

https://www.hostelworld.com/blog/ethical-

voluntourism-tips/

Accessed November 29, 2018

“The cost of travel and accommodations depends on

the destination and the extra excursions that are

planned, but on average, a voluntourist pays around

$3,400 to do hard work that may or may not be

legitimate”

Rolfe

“Studies reveal that people who volunteer

consistently with a single organization for at least

one year experience lower blood pressure,

improvement in their memory, and drastically

reduced rates of depression”

Mackenzie Michaels

“The Hidden Benefits of Helping Others”

Volunteering Today

May 2017

Pages: 35-37

“can perpetuate small minded views of the world by

taking insulated, fake, and structured experiences

and selling them as unabridged and eye opening”

Carlos

“Voluntourism: What it Is and How to Avoid It”

A Brother Abroad

http://abrotherabroad.com/voluntourism-what-it-

is-and-how-to-avoid-it/

Accessed November 26, 2018

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3/19/2020 Research Strategies Note-Taking Guide

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From Pippa Biddle’s blog post: “were so bad at the

most basic construction work that each night the

men had to take down the structurally unsound

bricks we had laid and rebuild the structure so that,

when we woke up in the morning, we would be

unaware of our failure. It is likely that this was a

daily ritual.”

Katherine Schulten

“Is Teenage ‘Voluntourism’ Wrong?”

New York Times Online

March 12, 2014

https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/is-

teenage-voluntourism-wrong/

Accessed November 27, 2018

Save Print

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Exam: 03.04 Gathering Evidence

Warning There is a checkbox at the bottom of the exam form that you MUST check prior to submitting this exam. Failure to

do so may cause your work to be lost.

Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(03.04 LC)

What is one thing you can look for to determine quickly if a print source may be helpful to you?

Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Previous Question Question 1 (Not Answered) 0 Next Question

Date of publication

Page layout

Publisher information

Table of contents

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/

(03.04 LC) Alachua eSchool

What is one strategy you can use to determine if a source is credible?

Question 3 (Essay Worth 10 points)

(03.04 MC)

In a response of 2–3 sentences, provide one detail or fact you found in your research and list the required source

information.

Question 4 (Essay Worth 10 points)

(03.04 HC)

In a response of 2–3 sentences, explain how you determined the credibility of the source you identified in the

previous question.

Previous Question

Question 1 (Not Answered) 0

Next Question

Ask a friend if he thinks the information in the source is factual.

Check to see if the source provides references and statistics.

Make sure it allows readers to edit information in the source.

Verify that other sources do not provide the same information.

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Question 5 (Essay Worth 10 points)

(03.04 MC)

In a response of 2–3 sentences, explain how to take careful notes while conducting research to avoid the possibility

of plagiarism.

Question 6 (Essay Worth 15 points)

(03.04 HC)

Which of the following questions did you choose to research?

Should there be real world consequences for what someone posts on social media?

Should college athletes be paid to play?

Should America have taxpayer-funded college education?

Should doctors or pharmaceutical companies be held accountable for patients who develop opioid addictions?

After researching, what is your initial answer to the question? How has your research led you to this answer?

Include your research question and at least two researched facts or details in your 4-6 sentence response.

Previous Question Question 1 (Not Answered) 0 Next Question

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