objectives
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Objectives . SWBAT identify the origins of the industrial revolution. SWBAT identify how improvements in farming methods would fuel the industrial revolution. SWBAT identify how early Industrial Revolution technological improvements gave rise to the textile industry. . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Objectives • SWBAT identify the origins of the industrial
revolution.• SWBAT identify how improvements in farming
methods would fuel the industrial revolution.• SWBAT identify how early Industrial
Revolution technological improvements gave rise to the textile industry.
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Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution – a period of increased output of goods made by machines and new inventions.
Industrialization – the process of developing machine production of goods. Development of industries on a wide scale.
Urbanization – Rapid growth of cities
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Factors for industrial growth
Birth place of industrial revolution?middle 1700s in lowlands of eastern England and southern Scotland
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Birthplace of Industrial Rev
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Changes in Farming
Improvements in farming led to industrial Revolution
Landowners inspired by scientific rev. and enlightenment kept records of method used on land to compare harvests
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1721 Jethro Tull invents seed drilla. Scientific farmer
Crop rotationa. Land wasted left to lie fallowb. Charles Townshend – change crop you
plant each year
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Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
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Seed Drill
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Jethro Tull, Scientific Farmer
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Improved livestocka. Robert Bakewell – breed the best
animals to increase weight and taste of mutton (sheep)
Question – How might these improvements in farming help to “fuel” the industrial revolution about to take place?
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Effects on population
Answer. More food to go around, fewer went hungry, nutrition improved, overall health better
Population growth helps fuel industry
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Advances in Medicine a factor too
Edward Jenner invents smallpox vaccine.
Population doubles in Europe between 1750-1850.
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Rise of Industry in Britain
1. Inventions change the textile industry
*New technology the key to advances in industry!
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Flying shuttle1733 John Kay
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Spinning Jenny1764 John Hargreaves
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Water Frame1769 Richard Arkwright
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Spinning Mule1779 Samuel Crompton
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Water Frame & Spinning Mule to big for home use = leads to factories
1785 Edmund Cartwright invents “power loom” run by waterpower
All of these innovations increased production and demand
Most of England’s cotton came from southern US (VA, NC, SC, GA, etc.)a. Can’t keep up with demand
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Power Loom
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American Roots of Industrial Revolution
1793 Eli Whitney invents “cotton gin”
now enough cotton to keep factories running in England
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Cotton Gin
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Eli Whitney
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• Profits per pound of cotton soared and with it the amount of cotton planted for harvest
• More slave labor brought over• Division between North and South grew• South land of slavery and farming• North land of free labor and industry
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America’s First Factories
• Samuel Slater established America’s first successful textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, RI
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Steam Engine changes everything
Power looms and other spinning machines ran on waterpower
Factory owners search for new power sources not so limiting
1785 - James Watt and Matthew Boulton improved steam engine (First used in London)
a. More practical for industrial useb. First time in history people had a source of power that
could be used anywhere and anytime due to Coal!
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Steam Engine
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James Watt
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Honors students
• Check out the website on Watt and Boulton’s Steam Engine.