objective,results,illustration

8/13/2019 OBJECTIVE,RESULTS,ILLUSTRATION

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OBJECTIVE:

The objective of the experiment is to determine the

coefficient of discharge of an orifice under falling head.

RESULTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS:

Orifice diameter: 11/16 in .

Tank cross-sectional area: 4 sq.ft .

Trialh1

(in)

h2

(in)

Time elapsed

(s)

Vol. discharged

(cu. m)C

1 30 25 51.91 0.0472 1.022

2 25 20 70.76 0.0472 0.829

3 20 15 77.17 0.0472 0.863

4 15 10 94.46 0.0472 0.837

5 10 5 100.38 0.0472 1.026

Average C: 0.915 .

Orifice diameter: 1 in .


Trialh1

(in)

h2

(in)

Time elapsed

(s)

Vol. discharged

(cu. m)C

1 35 30 24.52 0.0472 0.945

2 30 25 27.58 0.0472 0.913

3 25 20 31.37 0.0472 0.888

4 20 15 35.83 0.0472 0.883

5 15 10 45.27 0.0472 0.829

Average C: 0.892 .

Orifice diameter: 1 11/16 in .


Trialh1

(in)

h2

(in)

Time elapsed

(s)

Vol. discharged

(cu. m)C

1 35 30 22 0.0472 0.369

2 30 25 24.6 0.0472 0.3593 25 20 27.27 0.0472 0.358

4 20 15 31.12 0.0472 0.356

5 15 10 41.08 0.0472 0.320

Average C: 0.352 .


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ILLUSTRATION:


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DISCUSSION:

The group cant really avoid having errors in the

experiment. The primary source of the error or deviation from

the values or from the computed values is from the recorded

time. Stopping the clock, when the water reaches the marked

final head, is difficult. Since the experiment is having the

trials 1 to 5 continuously and therefore having also a multiple

of and , the right timing in stopping the clock is difficult

because the head is falling faster from the marked higher

initial head to the final head than the lower.

To summarize and to make it simple, the error and deviation

occurred when stopping the clock either sooner than the water

(head) reaches the marked initial/final heads, and later than

the water (head) reaches the marked initial/final heads.


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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

First, since the group already measured the cross-sectional

area of the tank from the previous experiment, we just proceed

in marking the proposed initial head ()and final head(). Then

the group filled the water tank of the hydraulic set-up until

the head is constant. It was also decided that we will have a

multiple of and and therefore having our trials 1 to 5

continuously after turning off the pump. Lastly we recorded the

time when the head falls from to of the 5 trials.

The primary sources of error or deviation in the experiment

are:

a.Stopping the clock sooner than the water (head)reaches the marked initial/final heads.

b.Stopping the clock later than the water (head) reachesthe marked initial/final heads.

It is really impossible to avoid the errors and deviations.

The only way is to minimize it in order to improve the results.

Recommendations on how the results can be improved:

a.Assign more than one person as timer or time recorder.The group did expect that the error is minimized

because we have assigned more than one person as

timer. So for much improvement in the results, other

recommendation is:

b.The timer or timers should be attentive and focus instopping the clock when the water falls from the

marked initial heads to the marked final heads.

objective,results,illustration

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