objective: define extremophile, give examples of conditions where some extremophiles live and study...
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Objective: Define Extremophile, give examples of conditions where some extremophiles live and study one extremophile enough to write a cartoon about its life.
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Images from NASA, http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/
Extraterrestrial life-Under what conditions can it
exist?
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If and when we find life in space, what do you expect
we’ll find?
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What is an extremophile?
Organisms that live where nothing else canOrganisms that live where nothing else can
Extremozymes- enzymes that work
under extremes
Extremozymes- enzymes that work
under extremes
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Extreme conditions cause proteins to denature, which
is why fevers can be dangerous.
• Temperature
• pH
• Salt concentration
What happens to us at extremes?
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Extremophile“Extreme” “loving”
Extremophile“Extreme” “loving”
Psychrophiles-
low temperatures
Thermophiles- high temperatures
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Chemical ExtremesChemical Extremes
AcidophileAlkaliphileHalophile
Dead Sea
Mono Lake- soda lake
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More Extremophiles…
Endolith- Lives
inside rocks or
pores of minerals
Giardia
Anaerobe- Lives
without the
presence of
oxygen
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1. Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Lechuguilla Cave
2. Yellowstone National Park: Hot Springs
3. Great Salt Lake State Park
4. Cruise Ship over Hydrothermal Vents
5. Kamchatka
6. Indonesia: Kawah Ijen Lake
7. Deep sea trenches
Life at the Extreme!
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Chemolithoautotrophic (rock-eating) bacteria
These bacteria feed on the sulfur, iron, and manganese minerals
Can life exist without carbon?
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heat-loving microbes include photosynthetic algae, organic matter degraders, and chemolithoautotrophic (rock-eating) bacteria.
The bacteria produce colors which depend on the temperature of the water which favors one bacterium over another.
Can anything live in boiling water?
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Our Cells can’t be frozen without serious, long term damage.
Wood frogs can create an antifreeze-like solution in their blood that lets them literally freeze solid (no beating heart or brain activity) until spring thaws then it comes out unharmed.
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/life-in-the-abyss.html
Life in the AbyssBy Peter TysonPosted 03.30.99NOVA
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The Organisms: *Blind shrimp, *giant white crabs*Tubeworms*Others
The location: Hydrothermal Vents *Pitch darkness *poison gas *heavy metals *extreme acidity *enormous pressure *water both frigid & searing
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No Sunlight
No sunlight = no plantsTherefore - all vent life belongs to the animal kingdom.
All other life ever identified, on land or in the sea, gets its energy either directly or indirectly from the sun.
Chemosynthesis: Energy from chemicals! Tiny microbes oxidize the hydrogen sulfide that diffuses out of the vents, providing nutrients for animals higher up the food chain.
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Sea anemones and barnacles flourish in complete darkness, drawing energy from breaking down highly toxic chemicals found in the smoke
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2081787/Hydrothermal-vents-Lost-world-unknown-species-Antarctic-sea-bed.html
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*The pressure on every part of this octopus's body is over 3,000 pounds per square inch.
*At such pressures, any air pockets, such as lungs, would be crushed flat as a deflated balloon.
*Vent animals have evolved bodies with no such air spaces.
Pressure is on
Normal Pressure: 14.7 pounds per square inch.
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In the vent:*deadly toxicants. *hydrogen sulfide
this gas is lethal to most organisms, including many creatures that live
within wafting distance.
pH of waters coming out of black smokers:
2.8There are "naked" snails around hydrothermal vents that could not form their calcium carbonate shells because the water was too acidic.
Acids and Toxins
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Tardigrades (Water Bears) can withstand: *Temperatures from just above absolute zero to well above 100oC*Pressures greater than any found in the deepest ocean trenches*The vacuum of outer space *Solar radiation, gamma radiation, ionic radiation— at doses hundreds of times
higher than would kill a person. *They can go without food or water for nearly 10 years, drying out to the point where they are 3% or less water, only to rehydrate, forage, and reproduce. (source: wikipedia)
And the Winner is…
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Your TaskCreate a 3 to 5 picture comic strip telling the story of your assigned
extremophile.
Requirements:3 to 5 picturesOne sentence captions with each picture.Must read like an actual comic strip (story-like).Description of environment must be included.
You may use Halftone on your iPad or hand draw.
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Meet the Champions
1. Pyrolobus fumarii2. Crypotendoliths3. Alkaliphilic bacteria 4. Deinococcus
radiodurans5. Bacillus substilis6. Halophilic bacteria 7. Foraminifera
Please count off
by sevens!