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OUTLİNE

Introduction

Global Rise in Obesity

Economic Effects on Obesity

Drivers of the obesity Epidemic

Other Couses

Approaches for the Obesity Epidemic

Implications

INTRODUCTION

• The aim of The Lancet’s Obesity Series is;• what is the size and nature of the problem• what driving its global increase• what will the future obesity burden • what action needed to reserve the situation

• In this first report in the Series, • obesity epidemic and the reasons for its concurrent rise across the countries,• wide variation in obesity will be explained

BACKGROUND INFORMATİON

• UN member states prepare to gather in New York in September, 2011

• First High-Level Meeting of the UN General Assembly on non-communicable diseases (NCDs),

• Searching for answers about how to reverse the rising tide of adult and childhood obesity

• WHO’ s global strategy on diet in 2004 • physical activity and • energy consumption provides an excellent overall guide for societal action

• Governments have made very slow progress in the implementation of these strategies.

THE GLOBAL RISE IN OBESITY PREVALENCE- Between 1980 and 2008, mean BMI worldwide increased by

0·4 kg/m2 per decade for men and 0·5 kg/m2 per decade for women.

By 2008,~1·46 billion adults

[BMI] >25 kg/m²)

~ 502 million adults

[BMI] >30 kg/m²)

~ 170 million children were overweight or obese.

more than double the proportions from the start of theepidemic

The burden of obesity is shifting toward the poor and can no longer be considered as a disease of the socioeconomic elite.

In Brazil (a middle-income country) for women,

- obesity rates increasing rapidly in the lowest income groups.

- the highest prevalences of overweight and obesity are in middle-age groups (45–59 years)

In Turkey,

- obesity rates are less in higher income groups for women,

and has not important differences for men.- (55-59 years) 34.8%

(40-45 years) 30%A survey conducted in ,turkey to see the effects of different factors on cardiometabolic risk profile.

People divided into four groups according to their incomes.

Highest proportions between different age groups

RISK FACTOR FOR DISEASES

Such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and many cancers.

Rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes will cause raise in premature mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases.

Policymakers need to design policy and programs that reach all members of society, but especially the poor.

Sweden, Switzerland, France, and Australia reported that overweight and obesity prevalence in some childhood age groups might be flattening or even decreasing.

But, overall prevalence is still high.

MONITORING SYSTEMS SHOULD BE İMPROVEDIn Turkey -> Action and Control Plan Against

Obesity

DİFF ERENCES BETWEEN THE POPULATİONS (0·7% VS 70%)

- Money

Ethiopia does not have sufficient national wealth for obesity to have manifested itself

- Environment

Hong Kong and Jordan have had a greater exposure to obesogenic food environments than do their counterparts in China and Yemen.

Many complexities exist in understanding why some populations and subpopulations are more susceptible to the drivers of obesity than others, and how mediating factors affect different population groups.

BROAD ECONOMIC EFFECTS ON OBESITY

Relation between wealth and obesity

Relation between GDP(gross domestic product) and BMI (body mass index)

An enception: Pacific Islands

CONT’D Effects of economic transition towards increasing GDP

Importance of economic growth for low-income countries to move them from poverty to economic prosperity

In high-income countries, higher levels of GDP do not bring greater happiness but do bring greater consumption of all products

CONT’D

The technological changes will inevitably lead to overconsumption and obesity

cheaper and more available food calories strong economic forces driving consumption

Obesity is similar to rising greenhouse gases and environmental degradation

DRIVERS OF THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC

Built enviroment and enviromental factor

Foods system

the rise in food energy supply was more than sufficient to explain the

rise in obesity in the USA from the 1970s

In the U.K. Since 1980s Increase in energy intake Decrease in physical activity

ENERGY FLİPPİNG POİNT

Two distinct phases: move less, stay lean phase (1910–60), characterised by decreasing

physical activity levels and energy intake,and a population that remained lean;

eat more, gain weight phase, characterized by increasing energy intake and a concomitant rise in population weight.

OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDIVIDUAL EFFECTS• Cuisines and food culture

• Transport systems

• Food choices

• Physical Activity

• Body-size perception

• Genetic effects

CONT’D

Individuals choices

“excessive food consumption occurs in ways that defy personal insight or are below individual awareness

“passive overconsumption”.

APPROACHES TO THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC

E ects on population’ s obesity prevalence are di er between ff ff• intervention aimed at motivating behavioural changes

• health promotion programmes, social marketing, education• policy interventions like laws and regulations

• reducing the cost of healthy foods and increasing the cost of unhealties

Two major continuing challenges, • sustainability • a ordabilityff

APPROACHES TO THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC

Interventions, to reverse obesogenic drivers will almost be mainly government policy

Shifting agricultural polices to incorporate health outcomes, banning unhealthy food marketing to childrenhealthy public sector food service policies

Could be food industry policies moving product formulation towards healthier compositionsself-regulation of marketing to children

APPROACHES TO THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC

• “Degree of implementation of policy and regulatory interventions is typically much higher than programmed based and education based intervention. “• Reasons;• powerful lobby force of the food industries• public reluctance to change environments to which they have become accustomed

Counter Example: Denmark

“Experience with trans-fatty acids in Denmark, where

legislation was introduced to restrict their use in food

production, is an example of a cost-e ective government fffood policy that was successfully enacted for population

health benefit”

APPROACHES TO THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC

Major strategies is; • to increase the motivation to make healthy choices• include social marketing, • health education, and health promotion programmes

IMPLİCATİONS

Economic policies promote consumption-based growth

Regulatory policies promote market and trade liberalisation economical benefits overconsumption direct or indirect crises

“Solutions to obesity and to improve health and development cannot

be based on the existing framework”

Governments and international organisations such as UN need to provide global leadership on these issues not leave them to the private sector

IMPLİCATİONS

• Changing the framework• England• Brazil• USA• China

“Obesity Prevention Australia”

MISSION

• To reduce the incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Australia while raising awareness of healthy lifestyle practices through preventative initiatives.

MOTTO

• The Habits We Create, Determine OUR FUTURE

BELIEF

We believe that:

Education + Implementation +Awareness = Empowerment.

The more a person knows, the more they act upon that knowledge, and the more they reflect upon the results of their actions, the more empowered they become.

OBESITY IN AUSTRALIA

SİTUATİON İN TURKEY

• NGO’s• Türkiye Obezite Araştırma Derneği• Obezite ve Toplum

• Governmental Organizations• Campaigns (Hareket Zamanı – Step Counter)• Researches ( United Nations – Control Program (Health

Department) ) • 29 % Obesity• 10th in ranking

“Choose Who You Want To Be Not Your Appetite Let You To Be”

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATINCE

QUESTIONS PLEASE