ob-unit3-1
TRANSCRIPT
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Group dynamics
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Defining and Classifying Groups
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Concept of group dynamics
Group dynamics generally means interaction offorces in a group members in a social situation.
How a group must be:
Participative Democratic
Cooperative
Roles to perform:
Role playing Brainstorming
Leaderless group
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Why do people join groups
Security- Feel stronger, Have fewer self-doubts,and are more resistant to threats. New employees
are vunerable to a sense of isolation and turn to
group for guidance and support.
Esteem- Associating with high status group,recognition and praise.
Affiliation- common interest, Regular company of
other people, Check their perceptions of new or
uncertain environment.
Power- united we stand, divided we fall
,Leadership enables to enjoy power over the grp
members.
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Identity- we try to understand ourselves through the
behaviour of others towards us. Groups provide
several others who will laugh, praise or admire us.
huddling-executives make use of informal get
togethers called huddles.These are intimate task-
oriented encounters of executive trying to get
something done.
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What
Makes
PeopleJoin
Groups?
StatusSecurity
PowerGoal
Achievement
Self-Esteem
Affiliation
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Effective Implementation ofGroup Dynamics Emphasis is laid on
motivating members tojoin and participate inthe group.
Increase in fluidity and
promotion of frequentinteractions andeffectivecommunication.
Frequent interactionsencourage and help in
exposing any kind ofgrievances or doubts inthe form ofmisunderstandings.
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TYPES OF GROUP
FORMAL GROUPS- deliberately createdto perform a specific task, a hierarchy of authority exists .rules
and regulations guide the behaviour of small groups.
Command group- specified by org chartAnd includes supervisor and his
Subordinates
Temporary Task Group- employeeswork together to complete a particular
Task or Project.
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Informal group- natural formations inthe work environment which appear in
Response to the need for social contact Theyoften develop within formal group out
of concerns which they share
Horizontal clique-samerank ,same depart
Vertical Clique- diffhierarchy levels,
same dept
Random Clique- variousdept, locations &
Hierarchy
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Functions of Formal Groups
Organizational Functions Individual Functions
1. Accomplish complex, interdependenttasks that are beyond the capabilitiesof individuals.
2. Generate new or creative ideas andsolutions.
3. Coordinate interdepartmental efforts.4. Provide a problem-solving mechanism
for complex problems requiringvaried information and assessments.
5. Implement complex decisions.6. Socialize and train newcomers.
1. Satisfy the individuals need foraffiliation.
2. Develop, enhance, and confirm theindividuals self-esteem and sense ofidentity.
3. Give individuals an opportunity totest and share their perceptions ofsocial reality.
4. Reduce the individuals anxieties andfeelings of insecurity and powerless-ness.
5. Provide a problem-solving mechanismfor personal and interpersonal problems.
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Informal Groups
It forms the Grapevine of the company. Theseare not formed under company rules andpolicies. They form a consequential part ofthe company by easing out any kind of stress
or tensionsIt helps in:
Groups survival and provision of benefits
Simplify the behavioral characteristics of
the group and make actions morepredictable.
Effective communication is ensured fromthe top to the bottom without the line ofauthority.
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Group development
Dr Bruce Tuckman published his FormingStorming Norming Performing model in 1965. He
added a fifth stage, Adjourning, in the 1970's.
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Tuckmans Five-Stage Theoryof Group Development
PerformingAdjourning
Norming
Storming
Forming
Return toIndependence
Dependence/interdependence
Independence
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Meenakshi Ahuja
Tuckmans Five-Stage Theoryof Group Development (continued)
Individual
Issues
Forming Storming Norming Performing
How do I fit
in?
Whats my
role here?
What do theothers expect
me to do?
How can I bestperform my
role?
Group
Issues
Why are we
here?
Why are wefighting over
whos incharge and whodoes what?
Can we agreeon roles and
work as ateam?
Can we do the
job properly?
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Stages of Group Development
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Forming - stage 1
High dependence on
leader for guidance and
direction. Great deal of
uncertainty about grps
purpose. This stage is
complete when
interpersonal relationships
are established and when
members have begun to
think of themselves as part
of a group.
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Storming - stage 2Decisions don't comeeasily within group. Teammembers attempt toestablish themselves inrelation to other teammembers and the leader,who might receive
challenges from teammembers. Clarity ofpurpose increases butplenty of uncertaintiespersist, there may bepower struggles. Theteam needs to be focused
on its goals to avoidbecoming distracted byrelationships andemotional issues.Compromises may berequired to enableprogress.
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Norming - stage 3 Agreement and consensus is largely forms among
team, who respond well to facilitation by leader.Roles and responsibilities are clear and accepted. Big
decisions are made by group agreement. The team
discusses and develops its processes and working
style. There is general respect for the leader andsome of leadership is more shared by the team.
Leader facilitates and enables
ages o roup eve opmen
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ages o roup eve opmen(contd)
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Performing - stage 4The team knows clearlywhy it is doing what it is
doing There is a focus on
over-achieving goals, and
the team makes most of
the decisions against
criteria agreed with the
leader. The team has a
high degree of autonomy
. The team does not needto be instructed or
assisted. team members
look after each other.
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Stages of Group Development
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Stages of Group Development
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Types of groups
Primary and secondary
Membership and reference groups Command and task groups
In groups and out groups
Formal and informal groups
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Primary and secondary groups
Primary Intimate ,F2F
Small in nature
Eg Family, relatives
Secondary Formal , general, remote
Might not be interested inindividuals
Absence of intimacy
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PRIMARY GROUPS
Traits
Small
Personal orientation Enduring (long lasting) Frequent interaction
Face-to-face
Intimate
sense of belonging emotional orientation: bond based on emotions
loyalty Primary relationships
First group experienced in life
Irreplaceable
Security
Assistance of all kinds
Emotional to financial
Examples: the family.
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SECONDARY GROUPS
Traits Large membership: larger than primary groups
Goal or activity orientation
impersonal and formal
Infrequent interaction
Secondary relationships Weak emotional ties between persons
Short term
Importance Networking
Career goals
Examples: co-workers, political organizations
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In-Groups and Out-Groups
In-group group with which people identify and have a
sense of belonging
pronoun WE
Out-group
group that people do not identify with
pronoun THEY
Loyalty to INGROUP
Opposition to OUTGROUPS
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Reference Groups
a standard to evaluate ourselvesnormative function
comparative function
In-groups can be secondary or primarygroups, but in either case, they are always
reference groups, real or imaginary .
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Classification under formal and
informal groups
Formal Groups
Command group :
formal group
determined bystructure
Task group: formal
group organized for
a specific task
Committees:
handles problems
outside of regular
assignments
Informal groups
Social groups:
people who enjoy
each otherscompany (chat
groups)
Interest groups:
groups that develop
informally around a
common interest
(news groups,
listserv members)
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Theories of Group Formation
Propinquity
Needs, Functions and Goals
Interaction
Balance Theory
Exchange Theory