o - - - - - - - - h - h - water (h 2 o) water is a polar molecule this means that... a.all atoms...
TRANSCRIPT
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O
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H-
H-
Water (H2O)
Water is a polar moleculeThis means that . . .
A. All atoms have equal electrical chargesB. A water molecule is linear, like a poleC. The opposite ends of the molecule have
opposite electrical chargesD. Water is hydrophobic
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Water is a polar molecule
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O
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H
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Water (H2O)
Non-polar: electrons are shared equally among atoms
Polar: electrons are NOT shared equally among atoms
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• Hydrogen bond – a WEAK bond that forms between a Hydrogen atom in one molecule and an atom in another molecule
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Web animation
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• Polar molecules dissolve in water• Hydrophilic = water loving
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• Ion – an atom that has gained or lost an electron
17 e -11 e -
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• Ion – an atom that has gained or lost an electron• Ionic bond – attraction between two oppositely
charged ions
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Water and sugar demo
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Sugar (glucose) dissolves in water because it is . . .
A. an ionic compound.
B. a polar molecule and forms many hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
C. a very unstable molecule.
D. highly non-polar.
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Glucose
C6H12O6
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Types of Chemical Bonds
• Covalent bond = atoms share electrons
VERY STRONG
• Ionic bond = (+) atoms attracted to (-) atoms
WEAKER
• Hydrogen bond = Partial (+) attracted to Partial (–)
WEAKEST
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pg. 42
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What type of bond is indicated by the arrow?
A. Hydrogen bond B. Covalent bondC. Ionic bondD. Hydrophobic bond
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Covalent bond
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Properties of water1. Cohesion – water molecules stick together
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Properties of water1. Cohesion – water molecules stick together
2. Large heat capacity
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Properties of water1. Cohesion – water molecules stick together
2. Large heat capacity
3. Low density as a solid
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Properties of water1. Cohesion – water molecules stick together
2. Large heat capacity
3. Low density as a solid
4. Good solvent
Human circulatory system displayed at the Bodies exhibit
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Water has so many unique properties because . . . .
A. of the covalent bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen.
B. of its ability to hydrogen bond.C. of its ability to make and break
ionic bonds. D. the electrons are shared equally
between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
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• The abundance of water is a major reason why there is life on Earth
WATER FOR LIFE
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Water!!!
• Water is a polar molecule that easily forms hydrogen bonds.
• Because of this, it has four characteristics that has allowed life exist on Earth
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Water’s Life Supporting Properties
Cohesion: • Water’s polarity causes it to form Hydrogen
bonds with itself, so the molecules stick together– Called Cohesion
• This allows water to travel up tree roots into trees, and gives water surface tension, which allows things to “stand” on top of water
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Water’s Life Supporting Properties
Water’s High Specific Heat: • Specific Heat: The amount of energy needed to
raise 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celcius• Water has a very high specific heat!!!• This is because its hydrogen bonds absorb lots of
heat• Water covering the Earth regulates the Earth’s
temperature, keeping in the liveable range
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Water’s Life Supporting Properties
• Ice is Less Dense than Water: • When water freezes, it forms a
lattice that makes it less dense than water– Less molecules in the same volume– Most solids are denser than liquids
• THIS MAKES ICE FLOAT!!!• Ice floating allows only the tops of
water bodies to freeze, thus not killing all life
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Hydrogen bond
Ice
Hydrogen bonds are stable
Liquid water
Hydrogen bondsconstantly break and re-form
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Hydrogen bond
Ice
Hydrogen bonds are stable
Liquid water
Hydrogen bondsconstantly break and re-form
ICE
Because only the top
freezes, the living things
underneath don’t freeze to
death
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Water’s Life Supporting Properties
Water is the Universal Solvent: • Solution: A homogenous mixture of two or more
substances– Solvent: Dissolving agent, Solute: What is dissolved– Aqueous Solution: A solution where water is the solvent
• Because water is polar, atom with a charge or ionically bonded compound will dissolve in it
• This allows all living things (which are water based), to dissolve the variety of compounds they need for life– Example: Cells, blood, tree sap, etc…
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Ion insolution
Saltcrystal
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Bellringer
• What are the 2 types of bonds?
• Draw me the Lewis Dot structure of 2 hydrogen atoms
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Agenda
• Objective: To begin bonding practice• Agenda:
– Bellringer/Discussion– Grade Atom WS– Practice Bonding– Go over rubric for tomorrow
• Homework: – Bonding write-up due Tuesday
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Molecule Models
• Every group needs one bag of model materials– The circles with pegs are atoms– The bendy plastic pieces are bonds
• Each peg represents a bond that atom can make• Based on what you know about the number of
valence electrons each atom has, tell me which atoms you have are Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon
• Everyone must write this on their own sheet
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Molecule Models
Make Models of the following Molecules:
• H2, O2, H2O, CO2, CH4, C2O2, C2OH2, C6H12O6
On your sheet, you must draw the following:
• Lewis Dot Structures of each atom pre-bonding
• Line/Lewis Dot Structures post-bonding
• Label single/double bonds
• COPY THIS EXAMPLE DOWN!!!
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Molecule Models
Make Models of the following Molecules:
• H2, O2, H2O, CO2, CH4, C2O2
On your sheet, you must draw the following:
• Lewis Dot Structures of each atom pre-bonding
• Line/Lewis Dot Structures post-bonding
• Label single/double bonds
• COPY THIS EXAMPLE DOWN!!!
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Bellringer
• Study
• Get out whatever periodic table you are going to use during the quiz
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Bellringer
• Name and describe 2 of water’s 4 unique properties that allow life to exist and flourish on Earth
• Do you like drinking water?
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Agenda
• Objective: To start the water mini-lab• Agenda:
– Bellringer/Discussion– Go over quiz stuff– Go over lab– Lab all period
• Homework: – Quiz tomorrow– Lab due Monday– Macromolecule Chart due Monday
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Quiz
• Atomic Info
• Bohr Models
• Lewis Dot Structures
• Bonding like in the bonding WS
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Water Mini-Lab Write Up
• You are going to perform the following tests on water and vinegar
1. How many drops of water/vinegar will fit on top of a penny?
2. Is there cohesion leading to surface tension?(will a staple rest on top of it)
3. Will Kool-Aid dissolve in it (make sure you use same mass/volume of liquid in each)
4. Is there cohesion-travel up thin tubes (celery)?
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Water Mini-Lab Write Up
• Make a hypothesis for each test first• Make sure you control/record all amounts• RECORD ALL PROCEDURE/MATERIALS!!!• RECORD ALL DATA FOR GROUP!!!• HOMEWORK:
– Typed hypothesis, procedure, materials, and data, and conclusion due Tuesday
– Should be between 1-3 pages– Conclusion should just be an explanation of whether your
hypothesis was supported or not, and why based on data– 1 per group