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Defamation Revisited and the Concept and Punishment of Al-Qadzf Amiruldin Md Sham & Mohd Sabri Yusof

Introduction to New Iterative Method Mat Salim Selamat

A Review of Trade Dispute Settlement in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector Mohd Zahid Laton

Interactive Whiteboard as a Teaching Aid Nor Zalina Ismail, Mohd Rizal Razak, Azlini Razali & Mahfudzah Othman

Perkembangan Kaedah Analisis Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik (PAH) dalam Air, Sedimen &Tanah Siti Norhafizah Khazaai

A Comparative Study between Two Landslide Events at the Sultan Ahmad Shah Mosque, Jengka,

Pahang Rohaya Alias & Mohd Fairuz Bachok

Klasifikasi Hujan PencetusTanah Runtuh Mohd Fairuz Bachok & Rohaya Alias

The Importance of Communication in Our Life Norlaili Harun

Penghasilan Estolide Berasaskan Asid Risinoleik Ricinus Communis Nazrizawati Ahmad Tajuddin

Adapting Cooperative Learning (Jigsaw) in Teaching Mohd Norafizal A.Aziz, Hasnizawati Hashim & Rozieana A. Hal id

PROSIDING KOLUKiuivi zuuo-z009

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG

PROSIDING KOLOKIUM 2008-2009 Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang

Jawatankuasa Prosiding

Pengerusi : Kamisah Ariffin (Dr) Editor Perolehan : Wan Zuri Wan Abdullah

Penyunting

Azlini Razali Kamisah Ariffin (Dr)

Nazirah Ramli Norshariza Mohd Bhkari

Rekabentuk Kulit

Mohd Noor His am Ahmad

Rekaletak

Mohd Noor His am Ahmad Kam is ah A riffin (Dr)

Hak Cipta © 2009 Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang.

Hak Cipta terpelihara. Setiap bahagian daripada terbitan ini tidak boleh diterbitkan semula, disimpan untuk pengeluaran atau dipindahkan kepada bentuk lain, samada dengan cara elektronik, mekanik, gambar rakaman dan sebagainya, tanpa mendapat keizinan dari Unit Penerbitan Universiti (UPENA), UiTM Pahang.

ISBN: 978-983-2607-21-2

Pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh penulis dalam prosiding ini adalah pandangan peri-badi mereka sendiri dan tidak mewakili pandangan jawatankuasa penerbitan, penyunting, fakulti dan universiti.

Dicetak oleh: Fathona Trading Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, Kuala Lumpur

Kandungan

1 Defamation Revisited and the Concept and Punishment of 1 Al-Qadzf Amiruldin MdSham & Mohd.Sabri Yusof

2 Introduction to new iterative method 15 Mat Salim Selamat

3 A Review of Trade Dispute Settlement in the 19 Malaysian Manufacturing Sector Mohd Zahid Laton

4 Interactive Whiteboard as a Teaching Aid 23 Nor Zalina Ismail, Mohd. Rizal Razak Azlini Razali & Mahfudzah Othman

5 Perkembangan Kaedah Analisis Hidrokarbon Aromatik 29 Polisiklik (PAH) dalam Air, Sedimen & Tanah Siti Norhafizah Khazaai

6 A Comparative Study between Two Landslide Events at 55 Sultan Ahmad Shah Mosque, Jengka, Pahang Rohaya Alias & Mohd Fairuz Bachok

1 Klasifikasi Hujan Pencetus Tanah Runtuh 65 Mohd Fairuz Bachok & Rohaya Alias

8 The Importance of Communication in Our Life 77 Norlaili Harun

9 Penghasilan Estolide Berasaskan Asid Risinoleik Ricinus 81 Communis Nazrizawati Ahmad Tajuddin

10 Adapting Cooperative Learning (Jigsaw) in Teaching 91 Mohd Norafizal A.Aziz, Hasnizawati Hashim & Rozieana A.Halid

11 'Data Rich, Information Poor' Phenomena: Obstacle to Effective Information Management Mohd Amii Abdullah @ Baharum

12 Comparative Study of Residential Roof Truss Construction Methods: Prefabrication and Built Onsite Mohd Syahrul Hisyam MohdSani & Fadhluhartini Muftah

13 Cold Formed Steel and Buckling Criteria of Cold Formed Steel Purlins Fadhluhartini Muftah & Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani

14 Social Responsibility: The Involvement of Entrepreneurs and Organizations Jahjaiton Arsad & Rohana Awang

15 e-Lawatan Akademik : Satu Kajian Awalan melalui Konsep Kumpulan Inovatif dan Kreatif (KIK) Khairi Khalid, Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Mohd Fairuz Bachok, Mohd Risham J a 'afar, Wan Zukri Wan Abdullah, Ahmad Rasidi Osman, Mohd Razmi Zainudin, Rohaya Alias, Fadhluhartini Muftah, Nor Maslina Mohsan & Noraida Mohd Saim

16 The Benefits of Using Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Our Construction Industry Wan Zukri Wan Abdullah

17 Transformasi daiam Pengajaran dan Pembeiajaran di Fakulti Pengurusan dan Teknologi Pejabat: Satu Cadangan Siti Khalijah Majid

18 Persoalan Insan, Nilai dan Pembinaan Tamadun: Satu Wacana Falsafah Rasid Muhamad

The Benefits of Using Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Our Construction Industry

Wan Zukri Wan Abdullah

ABSTRACT

The Industrialized Building System (IBS) has been introduced in Malaysia since 1966 for the projects which involve precast houses. Since then numerous construction pro­jects use the IBS system when necessary whereby the system is implemented when the construction requires speed accuracy and work that involves a lot of repetition. Indus­trialized in construction industry is part of a process in change and improvement man­agement. The objectives of doing his researh are to determine the factors that contractors consider in selecting a mode of construction and also to study the benefit of using IBS compared to the traditional subcontracting system of project management. The main method adopted is by using the questionnaire and interview sessions. The set of questions for interview sessions with the person in charge has to be prepared. Questionnaires together with the cover letter were distributed to the respondents. The respondents were requested to answer the entire questions during the interview session.

Keywords: construction industry, IBS, mode of construction

Introduction

The construction industry plays a crucial role in the Government's efforts to stimulate domestic economic activities and enhance growth. It is therefore important for the sec­tor to continuously undertake measures to increase efficiency, quality and productivity. Towards this end, the use of the Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) is the right step in realising this objective.

Industrialisation process is an investment in equipment, facilities and technology with the objective of maximising production output, minimizing labour resource and improving quality while a building system is defined as a set 10 of interconnected ele­ment that joint together to enable the designated performance of a building (Warswaski, 1999). Esa and Nuruddin (1998) claimed that IBS is a continuum begin­ning from utilizing craftsman for every aspect of construction to a system that make use of manufacturing production in order to minimise resource wastage and enhance value for end users. Perhaps the most comprehensive definition of IBS was clarified by Junid (1986). He mentioned that an IBS in the construction industry includes the in­dustrialised process by which components of a building are conceived, planned, fabri­cated, transported and erected on site. The system includes a balanced combination between the software and hardware components. The software elements include sys­tem design, which is a complex process of studying the requirement of the end user, market analysis, development of standardised components, establishment of manufac­turing and assembly layout and process, allocation of resources and materials and defi-

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nition of a building designer conceptual framework. The software elements provide a prerequisite to create the conducive environment for industrialised to expand.

This paper describes the IBS and the benefits of its use in our construction indus­try.

Industrialised Building System

There are four types of building system in Malaysia according to Badir- Razali build­ing system classification. (Badir et al. 1998). The building systems are namely conven­tional column-beam-slab frame system with timber and plywood as formwork, cast in-situ system with steel or aluminium as formwork, prefabricated system and the com­posite building system.

From the structural classification, there are five IBS main groups that are used in Malaysia as shown beiow:-a) Pre-cast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems b) Steel Formwork Systems c) Steel Framing Systems d) Prefabricated Timber Framing System e) Block Work System.

The pre-cast concrete components are among the most common prefabricated elements that are available both locally and abroad. The pre-cast concrete elements are concrete products that are manufactured and cured in a plant environment and then transported to a job site for installation. The elements are columns, beams, slabs, walls, 3-D ele­ments (balconies, staircase, toilets, and lift chambers), permanent concrete formwork and etc.

Majzub (1977) expounded that the relative weight of components should be used as a basis for building classification as shown in Table 1.0. The factor of weight has significant impact on the transportability of the components and also has influence on the production method of the components and their erection method on site. The clas­sification by weight also has the advantage of distinguishing between the various basic materials used in the production of component which by itself could determine the characteristic of the system under study.

Esa and Nuruddin (1998) claimed that IBS is a continuum beginning from utiliz­ing craftsman for every aspect of construction to a system that make use of manufac­turing production in order to minimise resource wastage and enhance value for end users. The use of IBS assures valuable advantages such as the reduction of unskilled workers, less wastage, less volume of building materials, increased environmental and construction site cleanliness and better quality control, among others. These advan­tages also promote a safer and more organised construction site, and reduce the com­pletion time of construction.

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Table 1: Building system classification according to relative weight of component

General System

Frame system

Panel system

Box system (modules)

System

Light weight frame

Medium light weight frame

Heavy weight frame

Light and medium weight panel

Heavy weight panel (factory pro­duced)

Heavy weight panel (tilt up - pro­duced on site)

Medium weight box (mobile)

Medium weight box (sectional)

Heavy weight box (factory pro­duced)

Heavy box (tunnel produced on site)

Production Material

Wood, light gage metals

Metal, reinforced plastics, laminated wood

Heavy steel, concrete

Wood frame, metal frame, and composite materials

Concrete

Concrete

Wood frame, light gage metal, composite

Wood frame, light gage metal, composite

Concrete

Concrete

Based on the IBS Roadmap 2003 - 2010, positive impacts from the fundamental pro­posal and new Government incentives are:

a) The industry will choose IBS which guarantees better quality, productivity and safety;

b) The enforcement of using Modular Coordination (MC) through Uniform Building By Laws (UBBL) will encourage standardization and subsequently increase the usage of IBS components. It also encourages participation from manufacturers and assemblers, especially Bumiputera, to enter the market, thus reducing the price of IBS components. In essence, MC willl facilitates open industrialisation.

c) A screening and selection programme based on IBS standard components will ensure that low quality products are not marketed in the country and this prevents the dumping of foreign IBS products in Malaysia. This aspect is important to avoid failures in IBS projects; and

d) By reducing wet-trades through IBS, the dependency on foreign workers will also diminish, thus gaining the billions of Ringgit currently being transferred out by the foreign workers to their home countries, and reducing inherent social problems involving these foreign workers.

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Wan Zukri Wan Abdullah

Benefits and Impact of Using IBS The conventional construction methods have been known and proven to be wasteful, dangerous and messy due to the process of constructing buildings. It is important for the Malaysian construction industry to evolve and be ready for the globalization era where by increase of productivity, quality and safety are compulsory and the reduction of cost and construction period must be taken into account. The advantages of using Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) are (Lim, 2006):-a) Reduction of unskilled workers b) Reduce wastage c) Increase in quality d) Safer working environment in construction site e) Reduce construction period

Malaysian construction industry has been heavily dependant on the unskilled foreign workers especially from Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam and etc. The absence of for­eign workers during the Amnesty Programme launched by the government in 2005 have crippled most of the construction projects throughout Malaysia. This can hinder the development in this country and it can cause a huge loss in term of cost especially to the local developers and contractors.

It has been approved that by, from Industrialised building system the following benefits can be adopted if compared to the conventional construction method.

The repetitive use of system formwork made up steel, aluminium, etc and scaf­folding provides considerable cost savings (Bing et al. 2001). Construction operation is not affected by adverse weather condition because prefabricated component is done in a factory controlled environment (Peng, 1986)

• Prefabrication takes place at a centralised factory, thus reducing labour require­ment at site. This is true especially when high degree of mechanisation involved (Warszawski, 1999).

• An industrialised building system allows for faster construction time because cast­ing of precast element at factory and foundation work at site can occur simultane­ously. This provides earlier occupation of the building, thus reducing interest pay­ment or capital outlays (Peng, 1986).

• An industrialised building system allows flexibility in architectural design in order to minimise the monotony of repetitive facades (Warszawski, 1999).

• An industrialised building system provides flexibility in the design of precast ele­ment as well as in construction so that different systems may produce their own unique prefabrication construction methods (Zaini, 2000).

• An industrialised building system component produces higher quality of compo­nents attainable through careful selection of materials, use of advanced technology and strict quality assurance control (Din, 1984).

• Industrialised Building System (IBS) is not new to the construction industry. Only it has now remerged worldwide into the 21st century as a plausible solution to improve construction image and performance. The method will enable cost saving and quality improvement through the reduction of labour intensity and construc­tion standardisation. Apart from this, it offers minimal wastage, less site materials,

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The Benefits of Using IBS

cleaner and neater environment, controlled quality, and lower total construction costs. Successful IBS implementations in the world are Sekisui Home (Japan), Living Solution (United Kingdom), Open House (Sweden) and Wenswonen (Netherlands) (Oostra &" Joonson, 2007).

A study was carried out in Israel comparing the economic benefits between the IBS and conventional construction method in 1984. The result findings indicated that the use of IBS components brought considerable savings in site labour up to 70% while the total construction cost amounted to 5-8% of the compared conventional method (Warszawski, 1999). In addition to that, in Singapore, the use of fully prefabri­cated system provides labour saving of 46.5% as compared to the conventional meth­ods, thus reducing the dependency on foreign (Cheong, 1997). On the hand, the con­struction of "Bayshore Condominium" in Singapore indicated that the construction cycle time for each floor using the conventional method was 22 days, which is 14 days more than using the prefabricated method based on similar site constraints and man­agement experiences (Cheong, 1996).

Conclusion

This paper has focused on some broader issue that could affect the take-up of industri­alised building system (IBS) in Malaysia. Clearly, having described the examples men­tioned above, the benefits offered by an IBS are immense and plausible. There is a great potential for IBS to grow in the country. Nevertheless, the commitment and co­operation between the public and private sectors is paramount in ensuring the success­ful implementation of building industrialisation.

Also, the Malaysia's construction workforce is aging and shrinking as progres­sively fewer young enter the industry. This phenomenon prompts the industry to rely heavily on foreign workers. If, the demand for labour remains the same and the supply decrease, construction cost will increase and eventually pass on this cost to the home buyers. Hence, the industrialisation of building construction method and the evolution of construction technology are inevitable and plausible. Therefore, various informative programs such as seminar, colloquiums, and, confer­ences or perhaps the collaboration with the public universities should be devised to enlighten the private sector as well as the public sector.

References

Badir, Y.F., Kadir, M.R.A., & Ali, A.A.A. (1998, October). Theory of classification on Badir-Razali building system classification. Bulletin of Institute of Engineer. Ma­laysia.

Bing, L., Kwong, Y.W., & Hao, K.J. (2001). Seismic behaviour of connection between precast concrete beams. CSE Research Bulletin, 14.

Cheong, G.K. (1996). The bayshore condominium prefabricated construction. Precas­tech Newsletter On Line, 7.

Cheong, G.K. (1997). Fully precast system at Choa Chu Kang. Precastech Newsletter On Line, 8.

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Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia. (2003). IBS survey 2003: Survey on the usage of industrialised building system (IBS) in Malaysian construction industry. Kuala Lumpur: CIDB Malaysia.

Din, H. (1984). Industrialised building and its application in Malaysia. Paper pre­sented at the Seminar on Prefabrication of Building Construction, Kuala Lumpur.

Esa, H.j & Nuruddin, M.M. (1998). Policy on industrialised building system (Report on Colloquim on Industrialised Construction System). Kuala Lumpur.

Junid, S.M.S. (1986). Industrialised building system. Paper presented at UNESCO/ FEISEAP Regional Workshop, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang.

Lim, P.C. (2006). Implementation strategy for industrialised building system. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Majzub. (1977). Modular housing systems used around the world. International Jour­nal of Housing Science, 1.

Oostra, M., & Joonson, C.C. (2007). Best practices: Lesson learned on building con­cept. In A.S. Kazi, M. Hannus, S. Boudjabeur & A. Malone (Eds.), Building manufacturing - core concept and industrial requirement Finland: Manubuild Consortium and VTT Finland Publication.

Peng, C.S. (1986). The scenario of industrialised building systems in Malaysia. Paper presented at the UNESCO/FEISEAP Regional Workshop, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang.

Warszawski, A. (1999). Industrialised and automated building systems. Technion-Israel Institute of Technology: E & FN Spon.

Zaini, O. (2000). Malaysian construction industry: Challenges and demand. Paper presented at the Malaysian Structural Steel Association Convention, Kuala Lum­pur.

WAN ZUKRI WAN ABDULLAH, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang. wzukri@pahang.uitm.edu.my

146

'Data Rich, Information Poor'Phenomenon: Obstacle to Effective Information Management Mohd Amli Abdullah @ Baharum

Comparative Study of Residential Roof Truss Construction Methods: Prefabrication and Built Onsite Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani & Fadhluhartini Muftah

Cold Formed Steel and Buckling Criteria of Cold Formed Steel Purlins Fadhluhartini Muftah & Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani

Social Responsibility: The Involvement of Entrepreneurs and Organisations Jahjaiton Arsad & Rohana Awang

e-Lawatan Akademik:Satu Kajian Awalan melalui Konsep Kumpulan InovatifdanKreatif(KIK) Khairi Khalid, Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Mohd Fairuz Bachok, Mohd Risham Ja'afar, Wan Zukri Wan Abdullah, Ahmad Rasidi Osman, Mohd Razmi Zainudin, Rohaya Alias, Fadhluhartini Muftah, Nor Maslina Mohsan & Noraida Mohd Saim

The Benefits of Using Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Our Construction Industry Wan Zukri Wan Abdullah

Transformasi dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Fakulti Pengurusan danTeknologi Pejabat: Satu Cadangan Siti Khalijah Majid

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