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OContentsUnit Reading strategy Vocabulary Listening strategy Grammar
Writing/Speaking
strategyFun break Page
Entertainment Skimming
Biography
Vocabulary about
entertainment
Listening for people’s
names
Indefinite pronouns: somebody,
something, anybody, anything,
nobody, nothing
Past perfect tense
Using wish and if only with the
past perfect tense
Writing a biography
Using appropriate language
to recount a person’s life
story
Quiz about celebrities 2
Healthy
lifestyle
Scanning
Advice column
Vocabulary about some
diseases caused by
modern lifestyle and
food pyramid
Listening for sequence Connectives: so, so that,
so as to
Gerunds
To-infinitives and bare infinitives
Writing an advice column
Using modal verbs to give
advice
Matching symptoms with
health problems
14
Travel Making inferences
Travel blog
Vocabulary about some
famous tourist spots and
adjectives describing
them
Listening for directions Present participles and past
participles as adjectives
Present participle phrases
Past participle phrases
Making use of given prompts Idioms relating to different
countries
26
Technology Following the
development of an
argument
Speech
Vocabulary about
technology
Identifying views of
speakers: positive,
negative or neutral
Used to and be used to
Conditionals: Type 2
Conditionals: Type 3
Writing a speech
Using persuasive language
Crossword puzzle with
technology words
38
Crime Identifying the topic
sentence of a paragraph
Report
Vocabulary about crimes,
actions and lawbreakers
Listening for descriptive
information
Passive voice
Reporting statements
Reporting questions and orders
Writing a report
Using the passive voice
Phrasal verbs relating to
crime
50
Work Identifying the writer’s
tone, mood and views
Magazine article
Vocabulary about work Identifying facts and
opinions
Question tags
Comparative and superlative
adverbs
Connectives: although, though,
in spite of, despite
Stress, tone and eye contact Matching descriptions with
jobs
62
Appendices 74
• Popular Culture •
• Popular Culture •
• Popular Culture •
• Popular Culture •
• Debating •
• Debating •
• Social Issues •
• Workplace Communication •
1
5
4
3
2
6
Sample
Unit Reading strategy Vocabulary Listening strategy GrammarWriting/Speaking
strategyFun break Page
Entertainment Skimming
Biography
Vocabulary about
entertainment
Listening for people’s
names
Indefinite pronouns: somebody,
something, anybody, anything,
nobody, nothing
Past perfect tense
Using wish and if only with the
past perfect tense
Writing a biography
Using appropriate language
to recount a person’s life
story
Quiz about celebrities 2
Healthy
lifestyle
Scanning
Advice column
Vocabulary about some
diseases caused by
modern lifestyle and
food pyramid
Listening for sequence Connectives: so, so that,
so as to
Gerunds
To-infinitives and bare infinitives
Writing an advice column
Using modal verbs to give
advice
Matching symptoms with
health problems
14
Travel Making inferences
Travel blog
Vocabulary about some
famous tourist spots and
adjectives describing
them
Listening for directions Present participles and past
participles as adjectives
Present participle phrases
Past participle phrases
Making use of given prompts Idioms relating to different
countries
26
Technology Following the
development of an
argument
Speech
Vocabulary about
technology
Identifying views of
speakers: positive,
negative or neutral
Used to and be used to
Conditionals: Type 2
Conditionals: Type 3
Writing a speech
Using persuasive language
Crossword puzzle with
technology words
38
Crime Identifying the topic
sentence of a paragraph
Report
Vocabulary about crimes,
actions and lawbreakers
Listening for descriptive
information
Passive voice
Reporting statements
Reporting questions and orders
Writing a report
Using the passive voice
Phrasal verbs relating to
crime
50
Work Identifying the writer’s
tone, mood and views
Magazine article
Vocabulary about work Identifying facts and
opinions
Question tags
Comparative and superlative
adverbs
Connectives: although, though,
in spite of, despite
Stress, tone and eye contact Matching descriptions with
jobs
62
Appendices 74
• Popular Culture •
• Popular Culture •
• Popular Culture •
• Popular Culture •
• Debating •
• Debating •
• Social Issues •
• Workplace Communication •
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 4 •62
WorkO6 • Workplace Communication •
ODid you know?id you know?
The most promising jobs for the next decade in Hong Kong
Experts forecast that the ‘silver hair’ market will bring in new business
opportunities for health and fitness products, tourism and care services. Those
with knowledge about China-related business and are trilingual will benefit if they
are from the banking, accountancy and retailing sectors. Also, the Web economy
will lead to digital marketing. Those with good IT knowledge and management
skills with a strategic mindset will emerge to lead business.
Identifying the writer’s tone, mood and views
When you are reading, it is important to understand what the writer is trying to say. Tone
is the writer’s attitude towards the subject of a text. Mood is the feeling you get from the
text. This is the atmosphere created by the writer. The writer’s views refer to what the
writer thinks about a subject. The following steps will help you to do this:
Pay attention to the writer’s choice of words, especially those that create feelings, and
punctuation marks.
Make guesses based on any clues.
Your turnYour turn
Read the text and answer the question below.
When asked about their top 10 priorities in new hires, overwhelmingly, employers
claim they want candidates who are team players and problem solvers who can plan,
organise and prioritise their work. In another survey, 1 in 5 employers worldwide
cannot fill positions constantly because they cannot find people with soft skills.
Specifically, companies are dying for candidates with motivation, interpersonal skills,
appearance and punctuality. ‘What can you expect when they can’t even show up on
time in a button-down shirt and organise a team project?’ commented an employer. It
is just hard to teach these skills because correcting a lifetime of bad habits in a short
period of time is simply impossible.
What is the writer’s attitude towards the fact that employers can’t fill vacancies
constantly?
Reading strategyeading strategy
Sample
Unit 6 • Work • O63
Read the following magazine article.
OReading comprehensioneading comprehension
Background checks through the Web
Employers always perform background checks
on potential employees. Sometimes, surviving a
background check can be tough. It will soon be tougher as Internet search
technology grows more sophisticated, e.g. through social networking sites like
Twitter and Facebook to check up on potential hires.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the US has passed a law for the Social
Intelligence Corporation to transmit reports about candidates’ Internet postings to
employers. The file will last for seven years! Even if you are clean as a whistle with
your online tracking, you may have made some Facebook friends with a criminal
record unknown to you. An employer could possibly turn you down for this reason.
‘Is this fair?’ you may wonder.
You can be deemed a bad apple by association. The employer’s decision not
to hire you may be ethically outrageous, but it is not illegal. What’s more, the
corporation has to conduct background checks compliant with the Fair Credit
Reporting Act (FCRA), which regulates the collection, dissemination and use of
consumer information. If evidence found leads to rejection of an applicant, the
employer is required to notify the applicant of the basis. The applicant then has
five days to dispute the findings.
Besides, the report given to an employer only includes the information he can
legally use to evaluate a candidate as determined by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission. This helps protect the privacy of potential candidates.
On the other hand, the search also provides positive criteria. For instance, any
charitable or volunteer work the candidate may have done or awards won, etc.
can help show his or her leadership history, if any.
Background checks online are here to stay and there are always checks and
balances against abuse of the practice. So, what’s the golden rule? Honesty as
well as modesty is the best policy. Why do people post stuff that will only get them
into trouble some day? Why do they drink drive or swear on Facebook? Remember
you are creating a public persona to the world, where people are watching,
including potential employers!
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 4 •64
Answer the following questions.
1. About the chance of applicants being employed, what is the writer’s tone towards the
background checks?
2. What does the writer think if an employer turns down a candidate because he has made
some Facebook friends with a criminal record?
3. Decide if the following phrases are ‘Positive’ or ‘Negative’ in meaning in relation to
the article. Blacken ONE circle only next to each phrase.
Positive Nagative
(i) clean as a whistle
(ii) deemed a bad apple
(iii) ethically outrageous
4. What does ‘the findings’ in paragraph 3 refer to?
5. Name TWO laws from the article and their functions that help ‘check and balance’ the
background checks online.
Law Function
(i) (ii)
(iii) (iv)
6. Decide whether the following statements are True, False, or the information is Not
Given. Blacken ONE circle only for each statement.
T F NG
(i) Twitter and Facebook are the only social media that allow
employers to do background checks on job seekers.
(ii) One of the duties of the Federal Trade Commission in the US is
to mediate in relationships between employers and employees.
(iii) The background checks on job applicants also have positive
impact on employers.
7. Is the writer in favour of background checks on job applicants? What is the writer’s
overall view of them?
HKDSE
HKDSE
HKDSE
HKDSE
Sample
Unit 5 • Crime • O53
Crime (noun) Action (verb) Lawbreaker (noun)
arson – arsonist
burglary burgle burglar
crook crook crook
extortion extort extortioner
forgery forge forger
fraud defraud fraudster
hijacking hijack hijacker
kidnapping kidnap kidnapper
murder murder murderer
phishing phish phisher
rape rape rapist
robbery rob robber
smuggling smuggle smuggler
theft thieve thief
trick trick trickster
Your turnYour turn
Match the lawbreakers with the correct definitions.
1. A kills someone on purpose.
2. A steals something from
another person.
3. An sets fire to buildings
on purpose.
4. A steals with the threat of force.
5. A cheats people for their money illegally.
6. A breaks into a place to steal.
7. A takes a person hostage in exchange for money.
8. A takes something illegally into another country.
9. A takes control of a plane, train or other vehicle by
using force.
10. A copies works of art or documents to deceive people.
11. An obtains money from someone by force or threat.
12. A steals Internet usernames, their passwords or personal
data for money.
OVocabularyocabulary OO
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 4 •18
Listening for sequence
In some listening tasks, you may be required to put items or events in the correct order.
The following words and phrases help you identify the sequence of events.
A happened before B At first, before, beforehand, earlier, firstly, initially, in the
beginning, previously, prior to, sooner than, to start with
B happened after A After, afterwards, eventually, finally, in the end, later, next,
subsequently, the following day/week/month, then
Ordinal numbers First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, etc.
e.g. To start with, you should avoid eating junk food.
Next, you have to set up a workout schedule.
Your turnYour turn
Listen to the step-by-step guide and fill in the table.
Step Reason/Detail
1. (i) for
working out.
You will be (ii) to go
ahead.
2. (i) the
gym.
You will be (ii) the
proper use of the (iii) .
3. (i) for
5–10 minutes.
This helps your body adjust to the
(ii) .
4. Work on
(i) .
For example, from (ii)
to (iii) .
5. Work on
(i) .
For example, from (ii)
to triceps. (iii) when
you curl your weights up.
(iv) and release your
arms back to your sides.
6. (i) for
3–5 minutes.
This lets your body
(ii) .
Listening strategyistening strategy
Track 3
Sample
Unit 2 • Healthy lifestyle • O19
Situation
You are Chris Wong. Your elder brother John has been troubled by sleep disorders for a long time. You are
calling the Pacific Health Sleep Centre for information. Listen to the conversation. As you listen you can
make notes on the note-taking sheet.
Listening note-taking sheet
Data File
Study the Data File for relevant information to be included in the writing task.
1. John’s sleep cycle graph 2. Memo from the Pacific Health Sleep Centre to Chris
OIntegrated skillsntegrated skillsTrack 4
• Aim:
• Things to do before the overnight sleep test: 1. 2.
• Things to do on the day of the test: 1. 2. 3.
Your turnYour turn
Complete the letter to John using information from the Data File and your notes.
Dear John,
I know you’re always busy and can’t sleep well at night. Mum showed me your
which shocked me a lot. I found that you are always and seldom
go to during the night. This worries Mum and me so much. I have called the Pacific
Health Sleep Centre. They aim at
. Then,
. You may do an
in their centre. Before the test, you need to
. On the day of the test, remember to
.
Please also attach your . Hope everything goes well with the test.
Chris
Hi Chris,
One more thing, please ask your brother to attach any document related to his sleep disorder to the questionnaire and bring it back to us on the day of his appointment.
Ms Lau
Sleep
Time 00 0402 0601 0503 07
Deep sleep
Awake
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 4 •20
Connectives: so, so that, so as to
So is used to join two sentences or ideas together to indicate the result of an action.
e.g. Thomas has eaten too much ice cream, so he doesn’t feel well.
So that is used to join two sentences or ideas together to indicate the purpose of an action.
e.g. Most office workers prefer a weekend off so that they can relax from their hectic lives.
So as to is also used to indicate the purpose of an action. It is followed by the bare
infinitive. It has the same meaning as in order to.
e.g. My father has quit smoking so as to maintain good health.
Your turnYour turn
A. Read the article and fill in the blanks with so, so that or so as to.
Listen to Our Green TEAcher
Most people prefer to start their day with a cup of coffee (1)
they can feel refreshed. However, coffee contains caffeine, a stimulant which is
addictive, (2) it’s time to think whether to go on drinking coffee
or not.
Coffee carries a list of health problems, such as acid reflux, intestinal problems,
nausea and unwanted stress. Now, it is advisable to cut down on coffee
(3) stay healthier. Have you ever thought of drinking green tea
instead? Green tea is a healthier hot beverage alternative. It also contains caffeine
(4) boost your spirit. Yet, there are powerful antioxidants in
green tea, (5) they can help you fight off diseases. For this
reason, many people have opted for green tea (6) they can have
a lower risk of cancer.
Green tea is a staple in Asian cultures, (7) you won’t miss out
when you have meals at a Chinese or Japanese restaurant. In fact, the aroma of green
tea is very difficult to resist, (8) many Asians and other people
around the world have developed a liking for it. Green
tea can also be separated into different specialities,
(9) there are classes for us to
learn how to serve green tea as well. Join one if you
are interested (10) you can also
have something you enjoy while keeping you healthy.
OG rammarrammar
You can also use
therefore and as a
result to indicate the
result of an action.
Note that because
and so are not used
together in the same
sentence.
O OUseful tip
Sample
Unit 6 • Work • O69
Comparative and superlative adverbs
Adverbs can be used with verbs, adjectives and other adverbs to tell you more about
them. Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective. Like adjectives, you can use
comparative and superlative adverbs to compare the actions of people, things and places.
You add -er/-est to short adverbs and use more/less or most/least before long adverbs.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Tom works fast. Joe works faster than Tom. Sue works the fastest.
Tom works efficiently. Joe works more efficiently
than Tom.
Sue works the most
efficiently.
Your turnYour turn
B. Read the letter and insert the adverbs correctly. The hints are given in the right column.
One has been done for you as an example.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to invite your sponsorship for our funfair to be held in
May, two months from now. The aim of the event is to raise funds
for the regular programmes of our youth centre, which is expanding
than ever before. Our centre is located in Tin Shui Wai, where the
youth population is growing than in other areas. Therefore, we are
working than any organisation to improve our services.
We believe it is a good opportunity for you to promote your
products to the public than any other means. It is our honour that
logos of sponsoring companies like yours will be attached to
products given out as gifts. The name of your company will also be
shown on our banners and in flyers during the funfair. The target to
attract media coverage will be fulfilled among all means.
As one of the companies that always contribute than others to
society, surely your positive response to our appeal will be awaited.
A total amount of $50,000 or more is sufficient to cover the cost of
our game stalls and publicity. Once again, we believe that among all
companies, you will be reacting to our call for charity and for the
healthy growth of our youth.
Looking forward to your favourable reply and thanks for your
attention.
Yours faithfully,
Ruth Tam (President of Sunlight Youth Centre, Tin Shui Wai)
e.g. cordial
1. near
2. fast
3. rapid
4. hard
5. direct
6. clear
7. successful
8. generous
9. much
10. enthusiastic
The word than is
usually used with
comparative adverbs
and the is often put
in front of superlative
adverbs.
O OUseful tip
cordially^
Sample
Unit 5 • Crime • O59
Report: Using the passive voice
can be informative or analytical, conveying factual information and evaluating a
situation in order to make recommendation.
presents figures like percentages, fractions and proportions using the past tense.
uses formulaic expressions such as ‘According to the respondents’ and ‘Based on the
findings’.
should be written in an objective tone. The third person is used instead of the first
person. The passive voice is usually used, for example, ‘The survey was conducted…’,
‘Respondents were asked…’ and ‘Actions should be taken…’
What should be included in a report?
A report should include the following:
Writing strategyriting strategy
Your turnYour turn
Recently, there has been much discussion about bullying at school and online. As the
chairperson of the Student Union, you have conducted a survey on students’ experience
and views about it. You have also collected suggestions for ways of tackling it. Write a
report on the survey based on the findings in about 300 words.
Title
Give your report an appropriate title.
Introduction
Provide relevant background information and state the purpose of the report. Detail
how the data was collected.
Findings
Present the data clearly, one point in each paragraph.
Conclusion and recommendation
Draw a conclusion based on the findings and suggest actions to be taken if
appropriate.
Experience of bullying
15%
26% 50%
9%
current
been bullied
witnessed onlyno experience
Views on which type(s) of bullying are common
22%
16%
25%
37%
social
physical
verbal
online
Proposed solutions for bullying
A: school campaigns B: harsh penaltiesC: teaching tactics D: buddy scheme
others
11%
20%16%
49%
4%
type A
type D
type C
type B
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 4 •60
Step 1: Planning — mind map
Title:
Introduction:
Conclusion and recommendation:
Finding (1): Finding (3):Finding (2):
Step 2: WritingUseful
vocabularyO O
serious, minor, deserve
concern, sign of
concern, disclose,
irritating, teasing,
tackle, impose,
preventive measures,
mutual support
Sample
Unit 3 • Travel • O35
Making use of given prompts
In an oral exam, you may be asked to have a group discussion based on given prompts.
It is important to understand the prompts and make use of them when you prepare for
the discussion.
What are the given prompts?
The given prompts include four parts:
Speaking strategypeaking strategy
Instruction
Show the text type of the discussion input you are going to read.
Discussion input
Tell you the subject matter and provide relevant information for the discussion.
Some common kinds of input are news articles, letters to the editor, posters, tables
and charts.
Task description
Tell you the situation, your role and details of the task.
Discussion points
Provide some points for discussion.
Your turnYour turn
A. Read the following prompts for a group discussion and identify the different parts by
writing the correct letters in the boxes.
A. Discussion input B. Discussion points C. Task description D. Instruction
The following is a poster.
Amazing Taiwan, Enchanting Culture
•Magicalskylanterntouralongthehistoric old rail line
•Nor thernseacoast:sea-erodedlandscapes, Yehliu Geopark, Queen’s Head
•RefuseIncinerationPlantandfoodwaste centre
•Localdelicaciesandsnacks:foodhaven
$3,000(5days)
CosmopolitanSingapore,Eye-openingExperience
•SentosaIsland:UnderwaterWorldandDolphinLagoonShow
•NEWaterVisitorCentre:waterreuse
•Mobileclassroombuiltfromdouble-deckerbusandledbyEnglishnativespeakers
•Ethnicdistricts:LittleIndiaandChinaTown
$4,500(5days)
Aims:towidenstudents’horizons,enhancetheirlearningabouttheculturesof Asiancitieswhilehelpingthembecomemoreindependent
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 4 •36
Your turnYour turn
B. Complete the notecard below based on the discussion topic in Part A.
You are the chairperson of the Student Union. Your principal would like to organise a 5-day study tour for all Secondary Three students during the Easter holiday. Discuss which tour is more suitable for students and explain your choice. You should think about:•Whichtourstudentswillbemoreinterestedin•Whatstudentscandoandlearnfromthetour•Whichtourcanfulfilltheaimsandcanbeaffordedbymoststudents•Anythingelsethatyouthinkisimpor tant
Making notes during the preparation time
You will have 10 minutes to prepare.
Dividing the notecard into four parts
Familiarise yourself with the discussion task and make notes of the key points.
To make notes clearly, you may divide the notecard into four parts, i.e. the four
discussion points.
Extracting points from the input
Try to extract relevant points from the input and generate ideas and reasons to
support your points.
Sample
O49
Finish the crossword puzzle with some technology words with the help of the clues.
OFun breakun break
Below is a list of items you have learnt in this unit. How well do you understand each of
them? Put a tick (✔) in the appropriate box.
OSelf-evaluationelf-evaluation
Fully understand Don’t understand at all
3 2 1 0An awesome invention: Soccket
Reading strategy — Following the development of
an argument
Vocabulary about technology
Listening strategy — Identifying views of speakers:
positive, negative or neutral
Used to and be used to
Conditionals: Type 2
Conditionals: Type 3
Writing strategy — Speech
Crossword puzzle with technology words
Unit 4 • Technology •
1
2
3 4 5 6
7
8
9
10
DOWN1. a kind of currency used for online business3. to spoil a photo by unexpectedly appearing in it4. to remove somebody from a list of friends on a
social networking site6. an image that one has taken of oneself using a
smartphone7. a short form of ‘high-technology’
ACROSS2. to adjust or alter a recording with software5. a place where a wireless Internet
connection is available8. asking for financial contributions from
people online9. a short form of ‘laughing out loud’10. a person’s followers on Twitter
Clues
Sample