o-2002 operate the aircraft radios · pwcs revision apr 2016 citizens serving communities 96 o-2002...

96 PWCS REVISION APR 2016 Citizens Serving Communities

O-2002 Operate The Aircraft Radios

•  Overview of G1000 GMA1347 CAP Audio Panel –  Four isolation modes:

•  Pilot (MP), Co-pilot (MO), Crew (MP+MO), All (MP+MO+MS)

–  Pilot mode isolates MP from all other crew

–  Co-pilot mode isolates MO, and MP and MS share the other intercom loop

–  Crew Isolation mode connects MP and MO via intercom, but excludes MS

–  All allows every occupant to communicate with each other



•  Overview of G1000 GMA1347 Audio Panel


•  Review Of Aircraft Radios, CAP Radios and Audio Panels –  Set-up and use the aircraft comms radios (do this during

one of your training sorties) •  Power, volume, squelch, frequency selections, flip-flops, call-

signs and prowords

–  Set up and use the CAP VHF FM Radio (do this during one of your training sorties)

•  Power, volume, squelch, select assigned frequencies (Main and Guard), keypad controls, deliver required MO radio reports



•  Review Of Aircraft Radios, CAP Radios and Audio Panels (continued) –  Set-up and use the audio panels (do this during one of

your training sorties) •  Power and volume controls •  Microphone selector switches/knobs, receiver switches (describe

all positions) •  Demonstrate use of split mode •  Demonstrate intercom modes



Operate The VOR & DME

Derived from Mission Observer Task Guide, Task O-2011


O-2011 Operate The VOR And DME

VOR ADF

•  VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR-DME, VORTAC) –  Indicates direction to/from ground transmitter relative to magnetic

North •  Automatic Direction Finder (NDB)

–  Direction toward ground transmitter relative to airplane nose



•  Automatic Direction Finder (Non-Directional Beacon) –  Displays bearing to

station relative to the nose of the aircraft

–  Since the ADF pointer always points to the tuned station, the pilot can simply fly so that the pointer is on the 0 (zero) degree or nose position when using a fixed card ADF. The station will be directly ahead of the airplane.



•  Using the VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) –  Broadcast on each of 360

compass directions (“radials”)

–  Step One: tune the receiver to the correct frequency (found on the sectional) and verify with the station’s Morse identifier



•  Using the VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) –  Slowly turn the course

selector knob until the TO/FROM indicator show TO and the CDI needle is centered; that course will take you directly to the station

–  MP turns to that heading and corrects for wind drift

–  When you pass over the station, the TO/FROM indicator flips from TO to FROM



•  Quick Situational Awareness Check With VOR –  Identify TO and FROM to

determine whether to look at the top or bottom of the instrument

–  Identify whether the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) needle is left or right to determine whether to look left or right

–  This should leave you a quarter of the instrument; a 45-degree intercept should get you headed in the right direction



•  DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) –  Usually co-located with a

VOR; interrogator on the aircraft pings transponder on the ground, which returns the signal. Time difference is converted to distance.

–  This is straight-line distance, or “slant range,” so there is always an altitude component to this number!

–  Report to ATC using “DME” rather than nautical miles, i.e., “Holly Springs 099-deg radial at 76 DME”


•  Review Of VOR/DME/ADF Operation –  Use, or discuss using, ADF to determine approximate

position (do this during one of your training sorties) –  Determine aircraft position with the VOR and discuss how

to use the VOR to fly TO/FROM a station; determine position by cross-radials (do this during one of your training sorties)

–  Determine aircraft position with the DME, and discuss limitations of DME (do this during one of your training sorties)

–  Discuss limitations of each navaid



Operate The Global Positioning System



O-2012 Operate The Global Positioning System

•  GPS Units Come In Many ‘Flavors’ In CAP –  ARNAV Star 5000, Apollo GX-50/55, Garmin G1000, GNS430w, plus “one-

offs” in some aircraft •  GPS Units All Operate With The Same Basic Functions

–  Display distance to waypoints (i.e., airports, VORs, intersections and user-defined waypoints)

–  Most GPS units permit quick and easy display of bearing and distance to the nearest airports or VORs (the “Direct” button usually permits selection of a direct course to this point)

–  GPS displays altitude, ground speed, estimated time to the waypoint (ETE) and ground track

–  G1000 and other sophisticated units include data on airports such as runway length, lighting, approaches, frequencies, FBOs, etc.


O-2012 Operate The Global Positioning System

•  CAP GPS Units Have Pre-Loaded SAR Maps And Functions –  SAR features usually allow you to select, define and fly directly to a CAP

grid –  Also pre-loaded SAR patterns, such as parallel search, creeping-line search,

expanding square, etc.; lat/long entry and exit points are automatically calculated

•  Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) Also Have Much Of This Capability –  ForeFlight application has a CAP Grid Mode which you can add in to your

flight-planning •  REVIEW For Each GPS Unit Encountered In The Field

–  Display: Altitude, Ground Speed, Heading to Waypoint, Current Heading, Track Over Ground, Estimated Time To Waypoint (ETE), ‘Nearest’

–  Determine Current Position: Use Bearing and Distance to waypoints, Present lat/long position, moving map operation

–  Enter: A Destination waypoint (Airport, VOR, user-defined lat/long)


Assist In ELT Searches



L-Tronics DF

•  Normal: Alarm toggle in ‘up’ position

•  DF: Toggle is ‘down’ Remote meter


Step 1: Acquire the Signal

•  To hear the signal you can use your L-Tronics receiver or one of your comm radios

•  To acquire with a comm radio, turn the squelch OFF (pull out the volume knob out or flip the appropriate switch)

–  The static you hear may be annoying, but it will allow you to hear the signal at the earliest possible time; Allows for a weak or distant signal to be heard

•  Proceed at a reasonable altitude to the SARSAT composite hit, or to the point designated by your incident commander


NO SIGNAL

SIGNAL HEARD!

NO SIGNAL ELT

Beginning The Search: Altitude Selection

•  Higher altitudes allow for reception of the ELT signal at greater distances •  ELTs transmit on 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz, both of which limit

reception to “line of sight” •  Terrain will block ELT signals •  HIGHER is therefore usually BETTER to acquire a signal •  Medium altitude is generally better for searching (after signal heard)

(3,000 – 5,000 AGL)


Altitude Selection


Step 2: Track (DF) the Signal

•  There are many different ways to DF an ELT signal: –  Left-Right DF Homing (L-Tronics DF) –  Wing Shadow Method –  Aural Search –  Metered Search –  Combinations of the above techniques


Wing Shadowing

•  By flying in a circle, at some point the wing will block the ELT signal to the receiver antenna –  This causes an audible decrease in volume, called a “null”

•  Almost any VHF-AM aircraft communications radio may be used with this method


Wing Shadowing: Antennas

•  To properly use the Wing Shadowing method, you MUST know where the antenna for the radio you are using is installed & located on the aircraft

•  Communications radio antennas are usually, but not always, located above the wings

–  Can be above the fuselage or in the tail –  L-Tronics Aircraft DF antennas may be above or below

the aircraft –  Below the aircraft is the preferred installation

120 PWCS REVISION APR 2016 Citizens Serving Communities ©2000 Scott E. Lanis 120

Communications Antennas Above the Wing

N98987


DF Antennas Below the Wing

N98987

Antennas Below the Wing


How To DF by Wing Shadowing (Wing-Null method)

•  Fly a constant bank angle 360° turn

•  The audio will “null,” or get significantly quieter, when your wing blocks the antenna’s reception of the ELT signal

N S

E W


N

S

E

W

ELT

Wing Shadowing: Antennas Above the Wing

•  Turn in a circle until you hear the null (significant decrease in volume)

•  The ELT is 90º to your LEFT

•  SUBTRACT 90º from your heading


Wing Shadowing: Signal Blocking

Antennas Above the Wings

SIGNAL

ELT

NULL

NULL

NULL

125 PWCS REVISION APR 2016 Citizens Serving Communities N

S

E

W

ELT

Wing Shadowing: Antennas Below The Wing

•  Turn in a circle until you hear the null (significant decrease in volume)

•  The ELT is 90º to your RIGHT

•  ADD 90º from your heading


Wing Shadowing: Signal Blocking

Antennas Below the Wings

SIGNAL

ELT

NULL

NULL


Aural (Hearing) Search Method

•  This is based on the assumption that the area of equal beacon signal strength is circular: do NOT adjust volume during this search; you will need it to determine equal levels of signal

•  Begin by plotting your position as soon as you receive the ELT signal •  Fly that course for a short distance, then turn 90º left or right and proceed until

the signal fades •  Turn around (180º) and mark where the signal fades on the other side of the

circle •  Plot chord lines similar to that of the diagram •  Bisect the chord lines at a perpendicular •  Plot a course to the location where the perpendicular lines intersect: this should

be the location of the target!


Aural Search


Metered Search (Build & Fade) Method

•  This search requires a signal strength meter (like that on the L-Tronics DF units-if the DF portion of the unit is inoperative you can still use this type of search as long as RECeive is OK

•  Note your signal strength when beginning the search •  Fly a straight line until the signal gets lower, then increases to your

original level •  Turn 180º and return to the lowest level of signal, then turn 90º left or

right •  You should now be headed directly towards or away from the

transmitter •  If the signal increases in strength, you are headed directly for the ELT •  If the signal decreases in strength, turn 180º


•  One: Fly a straight line until the signal gets lower, then increases (Two) to your original level

•  Three: Turn 180º and return to the lowest level of signal, then turn 90º left or right

•  You should now be headed directly towards or away from the transmitter (Four)

•  If the signal increases in strength, you are headed directly for the ELT

•  If the signal decreases in strength, turn 180º

Metered Search


Left-Right DF Homing

•  Most CAP corporate aircraft have L-Tronics LA-Series Left-Right Homing DF units

•  These units operate virtually the same, but there are two major varieties: –  Single Meter Models –  Dual Meter Models


L-Tronics DF Types

L-Tronics

ALARM

OFF

243

121.6

121.775 AUX

121.5

m SENS ®VOL

VHF DF

DF STRENGTH

L-Tronics

ALARM

OFF

m SENS ®VOL

VHF-DF

243

121.6

121.775 AUX

121.5

DF

REC

•  Single Meter Model

•  Dual-Meter Model


Frequency Switch

•  Selects frequency to be used •  Use 121.5 MHz for actual ELTs/EPIRBs •  243.0 MHz may also be used for all actual

electronic searches •  Use 121.775 MHz for training

L-Tronics

ALARM

OFF

m SENS ®VOL

VHF-DF

243

121.6

121.775 AUX

121.5

DF

REC


Mode Switch

•  Only Single-meter units have this switch –  Dual-meter units use two displays, so both REC and DF operate continuously

and simultaneously •  REC is short for RECeive mode

–  REC makes the unit’s dial work as a strength meter •  DF is short for Direction Find

–  DF gives left-right homing to the ELT/EPIRB signal •  ALARM is for NON-MISSION flights only

–  Use only during normal flying to alert the presence of an ELT or EPIRB

L-Tronics

ALARM

OFF

m SENS ®VOL

VHF-DF

243

121.6

121.775 AUX

121.5

DF

REC


Volume & Sensitivity

•  Volume controls the audio level to the speaker or headsets •  Sensitivity controls the amount of signal that enters into the DF unit

–  It is critical that the proper amount of signal enters the DF: half-scale, or the middle, is an optimum starting place

•  As the signal gets stronger, reduce SENSITIVITY, not volume –  The DF will be unreliable as too much signal is received, so you must cut

out part of it by reducing the sensitivity –  More than three-quarters scale is too much

L-Tronics

ALARM

OFF

243

121.6

121.775 AUX

121.5

m SENS ®VOL

VHF DF

DF STRENGTH


DF Settings for Single-Meter Models

•  MISSIONS –  Select 121.5 (or 121.775 for training missions) –  Select DF Mode –  Turn Sensitivity to Maximum (Full Clockwise) –  Turn Volume to About Mid-Scale –  DF Needle Will Move Slightly Left and Right

•  NON-MISSION FLIGHTS –  Select 121.5 –  Select Alarm Mode –  Turn Sensitivity To Maximum

137 PWCS REVISION APR 2016 Citizens Serving Communities 137

DF Settings for Dual-Meter Models

•  MISSIONS –  Select 121.5 (or 121.775 for training missions) –  Ensure Alarm Toggle Off (down position) –  Turn Sensitivity to Maximum (Full Clockwise) –  Turn Volume to About Mid-Scale –  DF Should Stay About Centered –  Strength Meter Will Move Up-Scale to Right

•  NON-MISSION FLIGHTS –  Select 121.5 –  Turn Alarm Toggle On –  Turn Sensitivity To Maximum


SAR-DF 517 Operation

•  Power •  Mode •  Page •  Tune •  Squelch •  DF •  Locate


Power

•  POWER: Press the ON/OFF button—unit should power up and illuminate

•  Be prepared to execute the next steps…

•  …If you’re not fast enough, you may need to recycle power (turn it off and back on)


Mode

•  MODE: Using the PAGE knob (upper right knob), select: –  EMERGENCY for an actual SAR or –  TRAINING for a training mission

•  This setting can only be changed on power up •  Recycle power to change the Mode •  After setting EMERGENCY or TRAINING,

just WAIT until the unit automatically goes to the next page –  The “wait time” is about 15 seconds

•  Don’t push any buttons or turn any knobs during this period


Page

•  Use the PAGE knob to cycle to desired page •  Page 1 is most like an ADF •  Page 2 is good for forward quarter only •  Page 3 is most easily read by the entire crew, but only in relative

bearing


Tune

•  The lower-right +/- knob changes the frequency

•  You want 121,500 for an actual SAR or 121,775 for training

•  You can alternately use 243,000 or 243,550 respectively

•  You will only be able to select training frequencies while in the training mode

•  Similarly, you can only select actual SAR frequencies in the emergency mode

•  156,800 is for Marine Band Channel 16 EPIRBs

•  Notice the commas: the Becker is made in Europe; the commas replace a decimal point


Squelch

•  Adjust the Squelch knob on the upper left of the unit

•  The Squelch knob may be marked SQL or DIM (depending when your Becker was made)

•  Adjust the small triangle arrow until it is pointing barely above the solid bar

•  The solid bar represents static or ambient noise, but you will want to listen and make sure that the “static” is not actually a signal

•  When trying to acquire a signal, you may want the Squelch all the way down

•  You may also want to do this to make sure you can hear audio from the Becker

•  Turn the lower left knob to adjust the volume to a comfortable listening level

Squelch Knob

Squelch Setting Triangle

Ambient Noise Level


DF (Direction Find)

•  Follow the relative bearings to the ELT •  Use homing procedures like an ADF •  Correct for strong winds, if known •  Remember that these are RELATIVE bearings with

the nose of the aircraft being 360°/ 000° !!! •  If you are showing a >006> that means turn right

6° •  If the unit shows <354<, then turn LEFT 6°

–  This is similar to a fixed-card ADF •  RB + TH = TB (“RuB THe TuB”) •  Relative Bearing + True Heading = True Bearing •  This is also true if we replace magnetic bearing and

heading instead of the trues: RB + MH = MB •  Therefore, if the Becker DF indicates >010> and

you are flying a 270° heading, the magnetic bearing of the ELT is 280°. Add right, subtract left.


Becker Direction Finding Notes

•  The clear marbles indicate when the Becker first and last receives the ELT signal in its circle

•  Watching the clear marbles will give you an indication of how coherent your DF solution is: –  The marbles will always jump around; if they

jump around a LOT you don’t have a good DF –  You can test this by seeing what your

indications are when you reduce the squelch enough to “DF” static

–  The clear marbles will jump all over the place –  Static can sometimes look like a carrier-only

signal •  The dark marble should be fairly stable on an

actual signal because of signal-averaging software

>020>

DARK MARBLE

CLEAR MARBLES


Locate

•  After flying over the ELT, you should get a “station passage” indication

•  Turn around and re-DF to locate the target –  This is similar to locating with the L-Tronics DF

•  If you keep the signal at 090 or 270, you can fly a “turn around a point” using the DF

•  If the target isn’t visually significant, this will give your Scanner(s) the opportunity to put eyes on the target


Bearing On More Than One Transmitter

•  If bearing from a long distance, the DF will point at the middle of the two transmitters (Becker averages the signals it gets)

•  Exactly in the middle of the two transmitters, the DF will display an unusable bearing value

•  The clear marbles will swing WIDE (180 degrees or more) when in the middle of 2 averaged signals

•  Exactly over one transmitter the DF will be pointing to another (garbling cone)

•  Tactic for this situation: don’t fly the approach exactly following the indicated averaged bearing: fly about 20 degrees left or right


•  Review Of ELT Searches –  Assist in locating a practice beacon using one of the

following methods (do this during one of your training sorties)

•  Homing to a non-reflected signal •  Homing to a reflected signal •  Wing shadow to a non-reflected signal

–  Assist in locating a practice beacon using one of the following methods (do this during one of your training sorties)

•  Aural •  Metered

O-2108 Assist In ELT Searches


•  Review Of ELT Searches –  Assist in locating a practice beacon using one of the

following methods (do this during one of your training sorties)

•  Aural •  Metered

–  Discuss night and IFR searches, with particular emphasis on hazards and precautions

–  Discuss signal reflection and interference

O-2108 Assist In ELT Searches


Let’s Take A 10-Minute Break


REFRESHER and REVIEW Locate A Point On A Map Using The

CAP Grid System

Derived from Mission Scanner Task Guide, Task MS O-0205


CAP Standard Grid System

•  Overlays standard sectional maps •  Subdivides the map into distinct working areas •  Each grid is 1/4° (15 minutes) of latitude by 1/4° of

longitude and is assigned a number •  Grids are further divided into sub-grids labeled A, B,

C, and D •  Each sectional has a standard for assigning grid

numbers — for areas of overlap the grid number of the most westerly chart is used


CAP Grid System

•  Each 15' x 15' grid on a sectional is assigned a number

•  In this example, the grid depicted is STL 5 (STL = sectional)

•  Grids are subdivided into four 7.5' x 7.5' quadrants

•  Letters are used to define sub-grids

A B

C D

N 40° 00'

N 39° 45'

W 89° 45'W 90° 00'

STL 5

39° 52.5'

89° 52.5'

15' x 15' grid can be subdivided into four 7.5° x 7.5° quadrants

(STL 5A, 5B, 5C & 5D)


Standardized Grid System

•  Can be used on any chart that has lat/long markings

•  1° blocks identified by the intersection of whole numbers of lat/long, such as N 36-00 and W 102-00

•  Points are designated with the latitude first (36/102) and they identify the area north and west of the intersection of these two lines

•  Grids can be subdivided into smaller sections (smallest is 7.5° x 7.5°, such as 36/102 AAA)

•  Letters are used to define sub-grids

N 37° 00'

N 36° 00'

N 37° 00'

N 36° 00'

W 103° 00'

A B

C D

N 37° 00'

N 36° 00'

W 102° 00'W 103° 00'

30'

30'

W 103° 00' W 102° 00'

AAB

C D

W 102° 00'

30'

30'

BB

CC DD

45'

15° x 15° grid can be further subdivided into 7.5° x 7.5° girds

(AAA, AAB, AAC & AAD)

1° x 1° grid

30' x 30' grids

15' x 15' grids


Assist In Planning And Performing CAP Searches

Route, Parallel, Point-Based, Creeping Line

Derived from Mission Observer Task Guide, Tasks O-2109, O-2110, O-2112,

O-2115


•  One minute latitude = 1.0018 nm

–  Fly one minute north or south, cover one nautical mile (a 1-nm leg width)

•  One minute longitude = anywhere from 0.6572 to 0.9152 nm in CONUS

–  Requires flight of anywhere from 1.1-1.4 minutes of longitude (east or west) to cover one nautical mile; for training purposes we’ll use one minute = one mile, even though we’ll be flying less than 1-nm leg widths

–  To get the relationship in your area, go to http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlongdist.php

Basics: Latitude, Longitude and Distance and the GPS


Task O-2109: Route Search Pattern

Track of missing aircraft

1/2 S

1/2 S

Track of search aircraft



•  Used When Aircraft Has “Disappeared” –  Assumes a crash or forced landing along or near its

intended track, may be aided by survivor signals or electronic means; often used at night. “Most uncertain”

–  Generally 1,000-2,000 AGL day; 2,000-3,000 AGL at night

–  Lat/Longs along the track are entered into GPS as waypoints

–  Rapid and reasonably thorough coverage near the expected/projected track



Example on Next Slide: •  We are searching for an aircraft along Highway 46,

between Columbus and Greensburg, using the STL sectional. Entry Point is N 39 deg 13 mins/W 85 deg 52 mins; Exit Point is N 39 deg 20 mins/ W 85 deg 30 mins: – We will draw the route on the worksheet –  Include significant turns in the highway and other

identifiers such as towns, airports and major intersections

– Search two miles either side of the highway


Route Search

Worksheet Example


Task O-2110 Parallel Track Search Pattern



•  Used When: –  Search area is large and fairly level; only an approximate

location for the target is known; IC desires uniform coverage of a search area. Standard pattern for searching a grid

•  Aircraft enters at a corner of the search area, flying level while maintaining parallel tracks –  First track should be = to ½ track spacing from the side

boundary of the search area; Track spacing may be ¼-mile, ½-mile, ¾-mile or any other as directed by Air Boss



Example Worksheet On Next Slide •  AOBD has asked for a parallel search of grid

quadrant STL #104-D: – Quarter-grid, 7.5' x 7.5'

– Enter the northeast corner

– One nm track spacing

– North/South legs

– No aircraft assigned to adjacent grids


❍  GPS Data ❍  Type Grid & Sectional: US , STL ❍  Pattern: Parallel Line ❍  Grid: 104D2 ❍  Spacing: 1 nm ❍  Direction of Travel: N/S

Parallel Search

Worksheet Example


Task O-2112 Point-Based (Expanding Square) Search

•  Organized around a point on the ground:

–  Used when search area is small, position of survivors is known within close limits

–  Each successive search starts at the same point, but each first leg is flown 45 degrees diagonally from the previous search

–  1-nm track spacing


Task O-2112 Point-Based (Expanding Square) Search

Example On Next Slide •  Missing Ultralight:

–  Draw the route on a worksheet centered on a 483 AGL tower 8 nautical miles west of Seymour

–  We will use cardinal headings, starting to the north


❍  GX50/55 Data ❍  Type Grid & Sectional: US , STL ❍  Pattern: Expanding Square ❍  Starting Waypoint: N 38º 59´ W 86º 10´

❍  Spacing: 1 nm ❍  Direction of Travel: 000º

Expanding Square Search

Worksheet Example


Task O-2112 Point-Based (Sector) Search

S max

S mean

•  The pattern and headings are planned in advance

•  Sector search is easier to fly than Expanding Square

•  This pattern is used when an electronic search has led the crew to a specific suspected target location

•  The pattern provides concentrated coverage near the center of the area


Task O-2115 Creeping Line Search Pattern

s s s s s

Direction of Search



•  A Succession of Search Legs along a line –  Used when the search area is narrow, long and fairly level;

probable location of the target is thought to be on either side of the search track in a tightly bounded area; immediate need for a concentrated search at one end of the search area

–  Think extended runway centerline, specific highway sections, Victor airways or MTRs



Example On Next Slide •  AOBD asked for a search along Highway 31:

– Draw the route on the worksheet

– Start at the intersection of Hwys 31/9 (southeast of Columbus)

– Stop at the intersection of Hwys 31/50 (east of Seymour)

– Search three miles either side of Hwy 31

–  1-nm track spacing


Creeping Line

Search Worksheet Example


G1000 Search Patterns

•  Parallel Search •  Expanding Square •  Sector-Based •  Start all searches by creating a SAR Flight Plan

– All of these patterns can be hand-flown OR coupled to the GFC 700 autopilot

– Step by step on following slides



•  One: Press the FPL key to display the Active Flight Plan Menu

•  Two: Press the MENU key to display the Page Menu

•  Three: Use the FMS knob to scroll through the choices and select Search and Rescue

•  Four: Press the ENT key to complete selection and view SAR flight plans



•  The Search and Rescue option brings up the next menu to allow you to configure your SAR flight plans

•  All flight plans must start with a waypoint to anchor the search pattern

•  Highlighting a flight plan waypoint before selecting the SAR menu inserts that waypoint into the SAR flight plan waypoint field

•  Adjust parameters per Air Boss or IC direction


Task O-2110 Parallel Track (G1000) Search Patterns

•  From the SAR menu, turn the large and small FMS knobs to enter the starting waypoint. Press the ENT key to complete the selection and move on to Pattern Type



•  With the FMS knob scroll through the options and change the fields as desired, or leave the defaults



•  Press the ENT key with the “Activate SAR?” field highlighted to complete and activate the flight plan



•  Hand-fly or engage the GFC 700


Task O-2112 Point-Based Sector Search (G1000)

•  Once again, use the FMS knob and the ENT key to select an initial waypoint and search pattern



•  Press the ENT key to activate the SAR Flight Plan


Task O-2112 Expanding Square Search (G1000)

•  Once again, use the FMS knob and the ENT key to select an initial waypoint and search pattern

•  The search depicted here covers a wide area over the southern offshore portion of Lake Erie. We selected the CRIBS intersection to anchor the Expanding Square search.



•  Pressing the ENT key with the ‘Activate SAR?’ field highlighted activates the flight plan

•  Here we have made some modifications…2 nautical mile spacing for an over-water search, and 12 legs instead of the default 10 in order to finish the pattern over land.


Congratulations! Now all that’s left is to fly…

and practice!

o-2002 operate the aircraft radios · pwcs revision apr 2016 citizens serving communities 96 o-2002...

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