nys reference table

8/11/2019 NYS Reference Table

1/12

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry 2011 Edition 1

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ALBANY, NY 12234

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/CHEMISTRY2011 Edition

Table AStandard Temperature and Pressure

Table BPhysical Constants for Water

Table CSelected Prefixes

Table DSelected Units

Name Value UnitStandard Pressure 101.3 kPa kilopascal

1 atm atmosphere

Standard Temperature 273 K kelvin0C degree Celsius

Heat of Fusion 334 J/g

Heat of Vaporization 2260 J/g

Specific Heat Capacity of H2O() 4.18 J/gK

Factor Prefix Symbol

103 kilo- k

101 deci- d

102 centi- c

103 milli- m

106 micro-

109 nano- n

1012 pico- p

Symbol Name Quantity m meter length

g gram mass

Pa pascal pressure

K kelvin temperature

mol mole amount ofsubstance

J joule energy, work,quantity of heat

s second time

min minute time

h hour time

d day time

y year time

L liter volume

ppm parts per million concentration

M molarity solutionconcentration

u atomic mass unit atomic mass

C


2/12

Ions That FormSoluble Compounds Exceptions

Group 1 ions(Li+, Na+, etc.)

ammonium (NH4+)

nitrate (NO3)

acetate (C2H3O2 or

CH3COO)

hydrogen carbonate(HCO3)

chlorate (ClO3)

halides (Cl, Br, I) when combined withAg+, Pb2+, or Hg2

2+

sulfates (SO42) when combined with Ag+,

Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, or Pb2+

Ions That FormInsoluble Compounds* Exceptions

carbonate (CO32) when combined with Group 1

ions or ammonium (NH4+)

chromate (CrO42) when combined with Group 1

ions, Ca2+, Mg2+, orammonium (NH4

+)

phosphate (PO43) when combined with Group 1

ions or ammonium (NH4+)

sulfide (S2

) when combined with Group 1ions or ammonium (NH4+)

hydroxide (OH) when combined with Group 1ions, Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, orammonium (NH4

+)

*compounds having very low solubility in H2O

Formula Name Formula Name


Table FSolubility Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions

Table ESelected Polyatomic Ions

H3O+ hydronium

Hg22+ mercury(I)

NH4+ ammonium

C2H3O2

acetateCH3COO

}CN cyanide

CO32 carbonate

HCO3 hydrogen

carbonate

C2O42 oxalate

ClO

hypochloriteClO2

chlorite

ClO3 chlorate

ClO4 perchlorate

CrO42 chromate

Cr2O72 dichromate

MnO4 permanganate

NO2 nitrite

NO3 nitrate

O22 peroxide

OH hydroxide

PO43 phosphate

SCN thiocyanate

SO32

sulfiteSO4

2 sulfate

HSO4 hydrogen sulfate

S2O32 thiosulfate


3/12


0 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100.

Temperature(C)

Solubility(gsolute/100.gH2

O)

150.

140.

130.

120.

110.

100.

90.

80.

70.

60.

50.

40.

30.

20.

10.

0

KI NaNO3

KNO3

NH4Cl

HCl

KCl

NaCl

KClO3

NH3

SO2

Table GSolubility Curves at Standard Pressure


4/12


Table HVapor Pressure of Four Liquids

0 25 50. 75 100. 125

200.

150.

100.

50.

0

Vapo

rPressure(kPa)

101.3 kPa

propanone

ethanol

water

ethanoicacid


5/12

Li

Rb

KCs

Ba

Sr

Ca

Na

Mg

Al

Ti

Mn

Zn

Cr

Fe

Co

Ni

Sn

Pb

H2

Cu

Ag

Au

F2

Cl2

Br2I2


Table IHeats of Reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K

Table JActivity Series**

Reaction H (kJ)*

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O() 890.4

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O() 2219.2

2C8H18(

) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O() 10943

2CH3OH() + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O() 1452

C2H5OH() + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O() 1367

C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O() 2804

2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) 566.0

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) 393.5

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s) 3351

N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) +182.6

N2(g) + 2O2(g) 2NO2(g) +66.4

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) 483.6

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O() 571.6

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) 91.8

2C(s) + 3H2(g) C2H6(g) 84.0

2C(s) + 2H2(g) C2H4(g) +52.4

2C(s) + H2(g) C2H2(g) +227.4

H2

(g) + I2

(g) 2HI(g) +53.0

KNO3(s)H2O K+(aq) + NO3

(aq) +34.89

NaOH(s)H2O Na+(aq) + OH(aq) 44.51

NH4Cl(s)H2O NH4

+(aq) + Cl(aq) +14.78

NH4NO3(s)H2O NH4

+(aq) + NO3(aq) +25.69

NaCl(s)H2O Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) +3.88

LiBr(s)H2O Li+(aq) + Br(aq) 48.83

H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O() 55.8

*The Hvalues are based on molar quantities represented in the equations.A minus sign indicates an exothermic reaction.

Metals Nonmetals MostActive

MostActive

LeastActive

LeastActive

**Activity Series is based on the hydrogenstandard. H

2

isnot a metal.


6/12


Table KCommon Acids

Table LCommon Bases

Table NSelected Radioisotopes

Table MCommon AcidBase Indicators

Formula Name

HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid

HNO2(aq) nitrous acid

HNO3(aq) nitric acidH2SO3(aq) sulfurous acid

H2SO4(aq) sulfuric acid

H3PO4(aq) phosphoric acid

H2CO3(aq)or carbonic acid

CO2(aq)

CH3COOH(aq) ethanoic acidor

HC2H3O2(aq)

(acetic acid)

Formula Name

NaOH(aq) sodium hydroxide

KOH(aq) potassium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2(aq) calcium hydroxide

NH3(aq) aqueous ammonia

ApproximateIndicator pH Range Color

for Color ChangeChange

methyl orange 3.14.4 red to yellow bromthymol blue 6.07.6 yellow to blue

phenolphthalein 89 colorless to pink

litmus 4.58.3 red to blue

bromcresol green 3.85.4 yellow to blue

thymol blue 8.09.6 yellow to blue

Nuclide Half-Life Decay NuclideMode Name

198Au 2.695 d gold-198

14C 5715 y carbon-14

37Ca 182 ms + calcium-37

60Co 5.271 y cobalt-60

137Cs 30.2 y cesium-137

53Fe 8.51 min + iron-53

220Fr 27.4 s francium-220

3H 12.31 y hydrogen-3

131I 8.021 d iodine-131

37

K 1.23 s +

potassium-3742K 12.36 h potassium-42

85Kr 10.73 y krypton-85

16N 7.13 s nitrogen-16

19Ne 17.22 s + neon-19

32P 14.28 d phosphorus-32

239Pu 2.410 104y plutonium-239

226Ra 1599 y radium-226

222Rn 3.823 d radon-22290Sr 29.1 y strontium-90

99Tc 2.13 105y technetium-99

232Th 1.40 1010y thorium-232

233U 1.592 105y uranium-233

235U 7.04 108y uranium-235

238U 4.47 109y uranium-238

Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,91st ed., 20102011,

CRC Press

Source: The Merck Index, 14th ed., 2006, Merck Publishing Group


7/12

Name General Examples

Formula Name Structural Formula

alkanes CnH2n+2 ethane

alkenes CnH2n ethene

alkynes CnH2n2 ethyne


Table OSymbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry

Table POrganic Prefixes

Table QHomologous Series of Hydrocarbons

Name Notation Symbol

alpha particle 42He or42

beta particle 01e or0

1

gamma radiation 00

neutron 10n n

proton 11H or11p p

positron 0+1e or0

+1 +

Prefix Number ofCarbon Atoms

meth- 1

eth- 2

prop- 3

but- 4

pent- 5

hex- 6

hept- 7

oct- 8

non- 9

dec- 10

H

H H

H

H H

C C

C C HH

H

C C

HH

H

Note:n = number of carbon atoms


8/12


O

R C H

OR C O R

O

CH3CCH2CH2CH32-pentanone

O

R C R

O

C H

Table ROrganic Functional Groups

Class ofCompound

FunctionalGroup

GeneralFormula Example

halide

(halocarbon)

alcohol

ether

aldehyde

F (fluoro-)Cl (chloro-)

Br (bromo-)I (iodo-)

OH

R X(Xrepresents

any halogen)

R OH

R O R

CH3CHClCH32-chloropropane

CH3CH2CH2OH

1-propanol

CH3OCH2CH3methyl ethyl ether

amide

O

O

C OH

OC O

O

C NH

N

O

C

O

CH3CH2C H

propanal

O R

R C NH

R

R N R

O

R C OH

ketone

organic acid

ester

amine

O

CH3CH2C OH

propanoic acid

O

CH3CH2COCH3methyl propanoate

CH3CH2CH2NH21-propanamine

O

CH3CH2C NH2

propanamideNote:R represents a bonded atom or group of atoms.


9/12


10/12


TableS

PropertiesofSelectedElemen

ts

First

Atomic

Symbol

Name

Ioniza

tion

Electro-

Melting

Boiling*

Density**

Ato

mic

Number

Energy

negativity

Point

Point

(g/cm3)

Radius

(kJ/m

ol)

(K)

(K)

(pm)

1

H

hydrogen

131

2

2.2

14

20.

0.000082

3

2

2

He

helium

237

2

4

0.000164

3

7

3

Li

lithium

52

0.

1.0

454

1615

0.534

13

0.

4

Be

beryllium

90

0.

1.6

1560.

2744

1.85

9

9

5

B

boron

80

1

2.0

2348

4273

2.34

8

4

6

C

carbon

108

6

2.6

.

7

5

7

N

nitrogen

140

2

3.0

63

77

0.001145

7

1

8

O

oxygen

131

4

3.4

54

90.

0.001308

6

4

9

F

fluorine

168

1

4.0

53

85

0.001553

6

0.

10

Ne

neon

208

1

24

27

0.000825

6

2

11

Na

sodium

49

6

0.9

371

1156

0.97

16

0.

12

Mg

magnesium

73

8

1.3

923

1363

1.74

14

0.

13

Al

aluminum

57

8

1.6

933

2792

2.70

12

4

14

Si

silicon

78

7

1.9

1687

3538

2.3296

11

4

15

P

phosphorus(white)101

2

2.2

317

554

1.823

10

9

16

S

sulfur(monoclinic)100

0.

2.6

388

718

2.00

10

4

17

Cl

chlorine

125

1

3.2

172

239

0.002898

10

0.

18

Ar

argon

152

1

84

87

0.001633

10

1

19

K

potassium

41

9

0.8

337

1032

0.89

20

0.

20

Ca

calcium

59

0.

1.0

1115

1757

1.54

17

4

21

Sc

scandium

63

3

1.4

1814

3109

2.99

15

9

22

Ti

titanium

65

9

1.5

1941

3560.

4.506

14

8

23

V

vanadium

65

1

1.6

2183

3680.

6.0

14

4

24

Cr

chromium

65

3

1.7

2180.

2944

7.15

13

0.

25

Mn

manganese

71

7

1.6

1519

2334

7.3

12

9

26

Fe

iron

76

2

1.8

1811

3134

7.87

12

4

27

Co

cobalt

76

0.

1.9

1768

3200.

8.86

11

8

28

Ni

nickel

73

7

1.9

1728

3186

8.90

11

7

29

Cu

copper

74

5

1.9

1358

2835

8.96

12

2

30

Zn

zinc

90

6

1.7

693

1180.

7.134

12

0.

31

Ga

gallium

57

9

1.8

303

2477

5.91

12

3

32

Ge

germanium

76

2

2.0

1211

3106

5.3234

12

0.

33

As

arsenic(gray)

94

4

2.2

1090.

5.75

12

0.

34

Se

selenium(gray)

94

1

2.6

494

958

4.809

11

8

35

Br

bromine

114

0.

3.0

266

332

3.1028

11

7

36

Kr

krypton

135

1

116

120.

0.003425

11

6

37

Rb

rubidium

40

3

0.8

312

961

1.53

21

5

38

Sr

strontium

54

9

1.0

1050.

1655

2.64

19

0.

39

Y

yttrium

60

0.

1.2

1795

3618

4.47

17

6

4 0

Z

i

i

6 4

0

1 3

2 1 2 8

4 6 8 2

6 5 2

1 6

4


11/12


First

Atomic

Symbol

Name

Ioniza

tion

Electro-

Melting

Boiling*

Density**

Ato

mic

Number

Energy

negativity

Point

Point

(g/cm

3)

Radius

(kJ/m

ol)

(K)

(K)

(pm)

41

Nb

niobium

65

2

1.6

2750.

5017

8.57

15

6

42

Mo

molybdenum

68

4

2.2

2896

4912

10.2

14

6

43

Tc

technetium

70

2

2.1

2430.

4538

11

13

8

44

Ru

ruthenium

71

0.

2.2

2606

4423

12.1

13

6

45

Rh

rhodium

72

0.

2.3

2237

3968

12.4

13

4

46

Pd

palladium

80

4

2.2

1828

3236

12.0

13

0.

47

Ag

silver

73

1

1.9

1235

2435

10.5

13

6

48

Cd

cadmium

86

8

1.7

594

1040.

8.69

14

0.

49

In

indium

55

8

1.8

430.

2345

7.31

14

2

50

Sn

tin(white)

70

9

2.0

505

2875

7.287

14

0.

51

Sb

antimony(gray)

83

1

2.1

904

1860.

6.68

14

0.

52

Te

tellurium

86

9

2.1

723

1261

6.232

13

7

53

I

iodine

100

8

2.7

387

457

4.933

13

6

54

Xe

xenon

117

0.

2.6

161

165

0.005366

13

6

55

Cs

cesium

37

6

0.8

302

944

1.873

23

8

56

Ba

barium

50

3

0.9

1000.

2170.

3.62

20

6

57

La

lanthanum

53

8

1.1

1193

3737

6.15

19

4

Elements5871havebeenomitted.

72

Hf

hafnium

65

9

1.3

2506

4876

13.3

16

4

73

Ta

tantalum

72

8

1.5

3290.

5731

16.4

15

8

74

W

tungsten

75

9

1.7

3695

5828

19.3

15

0.

75

Re

rhenium

75

6

1.9

3458

5869

20.8

14

1

76

Os

osmium

81

4

2.2

3306

5285

22.587

13

6

77

Ir

iridium

86

5

2.2

2719

4701

22.562

13

2

78

Pt

platinum

86

4

2.2

2041

4098

21.5

13

0.

79

Au

gold

89

0.

2.4

1337

3129

19.3

13

0.

80

Hg

mercury

100

7

1.9

234

630.

13.5336

13

2

81

Tl

thallium

58

9

1.8

577

1746

11.8

14

4

82

Pb

lead

71

6

1.8

600.

2022

11.3

14

5

83

Bi

bismuth

70

3

1.9

544

1837

9.79

15

0.

84

Po

polonium

81

2

2.0

527

1235

9.20

14

2

85

At

astatine

2.2

575

14

8

86

Rn

radon

103

7

202

211

0.009074

14

6

87

Fr

francium

39

3

0.7

300.

24

2

88

Ra

radium

50

9

0.9

969

5

21

1

89

Ac

actinium

49

9

1.1

1323

3471

10.

20

1

Elements

90andabovehavebeenomitte

d.

*

boilingpointatstandardpressure

**

densityofsolidsandliquidsatroomtemperatur

eanddensityofgasesat298Kand1

01.3kPa


12/12

R f T bl f Ph i l S tti /Ch i t 2011 Editi 12

Table TImportant Formulas and Equations

DET 609 ADU

d = densityDensity d = m = mass

V= volume

Mole Calculations number of moles =

Percent Error % error = 100

Percent Composition % composition by mass = 100

parts per million = 1000000

Concentration

molarity =

P = pressureCombined Gas Law = V= volume

T= temperature

MA = molarity of H+ MB = molarity of OH

Titration MAVA= MBVB VA = volume of acid VB = volume of base

q =mCT q = heat Hf = heat of fusion

Heat q =mHf m = mass Hv = heat of vaporization

q =mHv C = specific heat capacity

T = change in temperature

Temperature K = C + 273 K = kelvin

C = degree Celsius

P2V2T2

P1V1T1

moles of solute

liter of solution

mass of solutemass of solution

mass of part

mass of whole

measured value accepted value

accepted value

given massgram-formula mass

mV

nys reference table

Documents