nuwaubian_nation_pref

8/7/2019 Nuwaubian_Nation_Pref

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©CopyrightedMaterial


Prfc

“ovrstndng”1tNns

The Nuwaubian movement is one of the most signicant Black Nationalist

sprt mvmnts n amrc, f ny n trms f ts ngvty. Fr vr

40yrsDr.McZ.Yrksndrctngtsgyvsgrp,knn

ndrdffrnttts.hsdscpsrxtccstmsdcrtdtcctc

syms,ndtyprpgt“RgtKndg”frmtsstpnstrts

ntmnctsftu.S.,Cndndtu.K.Frmsttdcdst

grpsknnstansraCmmnty(aaC),ttsdqrtrsn brkyn, N.Y. T aaC s mssnc, mnrn, vngstc nd

cmmn “Msm” mvmnt, -knn mng bck ntnsts nd

afrcn-amrcnMsmsnt1970snd80s.btsnctt1980s,t

Nnmvmntsrjctdism,mrcdncctcrngfsprt

tms—ndgndcnsdrntrty.

asftsrtng,Dr.McZ.Yrk,tprpt-fndr,sstsrvngs

135-yrsntncn“sprmx”scrtyfdrprsnnFrnc,Crd

(ddt“actrzftRcks”).onfDr.Yrk’sfnmtsst

unmr.unktunmrndtrfprsnrs,Yrksntr

mrdrr nr trrrst, t s cnvctd f mtp cnts f cd

msttn-rtd crgs cmnd t “rcktrng” crgs, ndr t

RiCo.hsyrsjctttRiCosrgnydsgndtprsct

organized crime and Maa dons, not religious leaders, however unconventional

trmssg.hsdscpsnssttr“MstrTcr”snnncntmn

s frmd, sncd nd “rgtdn”y cnsprcy fdsgrntd x-

mmrsncsntt“wtPrStrctr.”Tdy,tyrnsrs

ffnd-rsngctvstrgnztns( He is Innocent! nd Free Dr .Malachi Z.

York!)yngfrsrs.attrnyMkSzz,yrttN

bckPntrPrty,scrrntyrkngttgtmttsprprngn

ppfrtSprmCrt.

Dspt(ndprpsdt)tscntrvrsstts,tuntdNn

Ntn2 rmns n f t mst ngmtc, ndr-rsrcd nd pry

ndrstd sprt grps namrc. Tr r tr srcs f strc

data: Dr. York’s bafing, esoteric “scrolls”; sensationalistic news coverage

ssngfrmMddGrg,ndtks, The Ansar Cult in America,nd

1 TNns rrd ts trm frm tRstfrns, frm tmns

kngttrdfrmJah’spntfv.2 TuNNsdtcdtuNNM(untdNnNtnfMrs).



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The Nuwaubian Nationxv

Ungodly: The True Story of Unprecedented Evil .astrttsndct,tsr

rdyv-fr,nsdstds.3

bttrs,bPps(Msmcrc)ndbosnsk(jrnst)

ryvynx-mmrsndctrppnntsf“tct”frtrmtr.

Ts stqckndsy“ntct”mtd—t trr frgdrsnswhy even academic researchers would nd access to this new religious movement

difcult. First, the group is sectarian and adopts an oppositional stance towards

scty. Scnd, t grp s sv, mst cmnsq n ts vr;

t vns prdcy, cs dn ts cntrs,mmrsdsprs nt

tr rn nvrnmnts—nd tn t grp sddny p gn—

smtms ry rcgnz—t n nm nd n syms.a trd

obstacle is posed by the conict and controversy that surrounds the leader. Many

fmyptntsjctsvskd“ssdryn?”ndvtrdt

control the ow of information. I have constantly been mistaken for a journalist,mtNns,qtndrstndy,rgrdsstttrntrprs.

T Fbi gnt rspns fr t cdrn tkndrng t rd nTmR

cdn’ttktmcs“trsnevntCrctppstpndng.”

afrtstcntngccssstgrp’sstncnrc.ivftnn

skdftNns’rcstfspsdprmfrtrsrcrs.

Tnsrs—ys!

evn t afrcn-rn Ngrn rsrcr, essn-udm, tr f t

xcnt1962stdy, Black Nationalism: A Search for an Identity in America,

dscrststcsncntrdnrsrcngtNtnfismn

try1960s:

The difculty of studying the group lies partly in its lack of appreciation for the

“scientic” value of the information they would provide. Partly, it lies in the

dp-stdfrfttsdr.T[bck]Msm’ssnsfprsctnnd

fear of the so-called “enemy” thus makes their cooperation difcult to secure.

Smtms,tysmpydntkntnfrmtnsprmssfrmt

pntfvftsntrty.Sspcn,frndtpprnttmspr

of secrecy which surrounds the movement made it difcult for the writer to

scrxctdt.4

essn-udm’s cmmnts pty dscr ts t rsrcr’s sttn n

stdyngtNns.bttNnsrsstdmypnstcndct

-dsgnd,frmrsrcprjct,tycmdmttrmtngs,

tydmtprtcptnsmftrrts,ndmnyndvdsr

3

aamn b Pps, The Ansar Cult in America in America. Ryd,Sdar:Td Pctns, 1988); b osnsk,Ungodly: The True Story of

Unprecedented Evil (Mcn,Grg:indgPsngGrp,2007).4 e.u.essn-udm, Black Nationalism: A Search for Identity in America(Ccg:

TunvrstyfCcgPrss,1962),x.



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Preface xv

ppytnggnnfrmcnvrstns.5onctdscpsgttknm

ttr,smftmpndpndcnsntdtsttngdnfrfrmnt-

tkngntrvs.

i vnskd f rsrcng “ck sprmcst” grps prps

frdy—vn dngrs? T nsr t tt n s “n.” T grp’scmpxndsftngstncnrccnntccrtydscrdyt,

“ck sprmcst.” Mrvr, i nvr ft trtnd (xcpt fr n rf

mmntdrngmtngnhrm,dscrd).infcttNns

rfrndyndmpccycrts.Tyddrssdmsrspctfys

“Sstr”nd smd trgrdmy prsncs t f jk.Tyvdnty

fndsmtngnpprprt—vnsy—nvngtrsrcrsttng

nntrmtngstkngnts.Mymprssnstyprcvdmsn

eccentric, slightly “crazy” person rather than as threatening gure. Later, I realized

tttssprdctctrtrt—trspndtmgssttnsr potential conict by joking or clowning. At times I even felt the Nuwaubians were

“gngngp”nmymkngmtttftrjks.intsycrtn

tension caused by our conicting agendas was resolved. I felt quite comfortable

at the Questions&Answer meetings, jotting down notes on speeches lled with

nt-t,strtrc—tgsmtmsircvdtmprssnts

“tnddn”nisdp.ltrn,rdngscgstsRdcyffbrn

ndervngGffmn,irzdrspntns“jkngrtnsp”scty

mtd!6

SddnyttgnnngfJnry2003,myccssttgrpsmd

tpnp.ircvdpncfrmmntstrngStrnccnt

from the legal ofce of Ed Garland, Dr. York’s defense attorney. She was his

scrtryndskdficdvtpprstnssnDr.Yrk’s

pcmngcrtcs.“witntrvDgtYrknj?”iskd.

“wcnrrngtt,”srpd.isnttmmyrtcndnts,cmpsd

stfqstnsfrDr.Yrk,ndtdxctdyfrmypntckt.bt

ktrscdck:“intttnkyfrgrngtpst,ti

mppyttyttn’tndytcmtftr.DgtYrk

sgrdtprgn.”on24JnryDr.Yrkpprdncrt,sckd

nd ndcffd, nd pdd gty t77f t cdmsttncrgs, n

xcngfrprmsd15-yrsntnc.Mypsrdsd,tYrk’s

ng,cnvtdgprcssdnyjstgn.

5 Smftrrtsrrstrctdtnttsntancntegptnordr.6 This rst came to my attention when I read Eileen Barker’s published speech at the

SSSR, with the witty title, “The Scientic Study of Religion? You Must be Joking!” Shedescribed how she resolved a tense situation while studying the Unicationists by resorting

t mr. S ervng Gffmn, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Ccg:

CcgunvrstyPrss,1959);a.R.Rdcyffbrn,“onjkngrtnsps”( Africa

13,1950),195-210.



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The Nuwaubian Nationxv

wtccssnddsgnftsrsrcsnsstnstsfctry,

i v prsstd nntss—smpy cs t Nns fscntdm.

ivrsrcdmnyNRMs—tRjns,tRns,tTvTrs,

Scientology, among others—but the Nuwaubians continue to bafe me. Gradually,

ivcmtrztttyrtspstctdtctgrzdsmpys“rcsts”r“cksprmcsts.”Rtr,tyr“rc ists”;rdcgnstcs

pytmytsfrcsmtprsfrtvsfsnscrngtgdk

hgrSfrinnrMn.hvngrdfrgmntryccntsnhnsJns7ft

prydcmntdncntGnstcscs,ifttnncmptkndg

ftsnxprssnfgnstcpspysttrtnnkndg.

S, tskstrstfmyffrtstndrstnd(r“vrstnd”) ts

nsbckmystrysc.

My Research Approach

intntrstf“trnsprncy”ircntsmfmyrsrcxprncs.

w tsmyppr t sf-ndgnt xrcs, i f t s ncssry

stpntprstfttsvtngcd“jctvty.”wtsjctvty?

Rsrcrsdsgr.MttsGrd,ndSdsscgstgnd

nprcdntdccsstFrrknndtNtnfism,ctygssfrs

tdnyttjctvtyspss:

My intention is to present my ndings as truthfully as possible, yet objectivity

is a misleading and honoric label and inapplicable to humanistic and social

rsrc.anymnndrstndngfnjctgsviatsjct’smnds

mdmndststrnsfrmdntsjctvmgftjctsrvd;

it can only be grasped through lter of perception, structured by the observer’s

frmfrfrnc.8

At the opposite end of the spectrum we nd Stephen Kent and Theresa Krebs,

trsf“wnScrsKnSn.”9Tyccssvrdngscrsn

nrgsstds(ncdngmysf)fng“kpt”rdpdytcts,nd

nssttttsscrsrdsgrcttcdmynddngrttpc,

cstyssstrmfNRMsntrsnkyffrtstpprrspct

y rtng smngy “ntr,” v-fr stds f ts grps. Knt nd

7

hnsJns,The Gnostic Religion.(bstn:bcnPrss,1963).8 MttsGrd,Countdown to Armageddon: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of

Islam(Ccg:unvrstyfCcgPrss,1999).9 Stpn a. Knt nd Trs Krs, “wn Scrs Kn Sn: atrntv

RgnsndTracdmcSpprtrs,”nSkeptic Magazine(V.6,N.3,1998).



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Preface xx

Krspnt tsvr cssf philomandaranism10 (sttnsr scrs

vrcvdpntcktstttnd“Mn”cnfrncs,rdtrrsrc

fnddy“ct”),ndtynssttt,ncfrt, scrsdntdpt

trgrs“ntct”prspctvntrrtngsrsspct.

FrKntndKrs,“jctvty”sn ontological state,rtrkgrc,sntdrprptvrgnty.Tsysttcnnvrrstrdnct

rrntrsrcrsndpdrrdysmngynncsct.wtr

tscrsdrtyszyrmrymsgdd,rsssccmdt

tprm“F”ntscry“sn.”

ippntdsgrttxtrmpstns.“ojctvty,”sist,

svdg,t trkssnngng,y ncng ct. itdmnds

cncntrtn, rpttn nd cnstntmnr djstmnts. Snc i sps t

Pgnvfsn(sppsdttagstnnn) 11idnsstttc

rsrcrmstmksrrndvdccs—ndrrrsmysvdthrough the social-scientic equivalents of soul-searching, confession, and prayer.

ecrsrcrstrn“adm”r“ev”cntmptngtrnvrsns

ftFrtfKndg,ndtrrmnypssndngsttmyt.

bt,ntntrstsf“jctvty,”iftsnyfrttrsrcrs,n

they present their ndings, should make transparent their cultural biases and

prjdcrctns.as“t”scgstrsrcng“ck”nrgn,

ivsrvdsmntrstngndnxpctdscdynmcsndmtn

rspnsssintrctdtmyNn(ndnt-Nn)sjcts.

lsCrtr,nnnsgtfdscssnfrsrcmtdsns1998k,

Charisma and Control in Rajneeshpuram, srvs tt stcs t rsrc

(what he terms “research nuisances”) “seem to reect, in microcosm at least, the

cultural conicts we observed.”12 in smrvn,ycntmptngmy n

prmsrsrcngtNns,isgnngnnsgtsntt

Nns’rtnspttsrrndng“t”scty.

How I Met the Nuwauabians

I rst encountered the group in the late 1980s as I was rushing, late for work,

through Montreal’s subway in mid-winter. Two tall black men dressed in owing

10 it s ncr tr ts msng grc-sn-ngsm s nvntd y

TmsRnsryRndRrtsn.incttnddcnfrncrtsscrs

nggdnjcrdsptvrtrsp.11 SenPgs, Adam, Eve and the Serpent (NYrk:Vntgbks,1989)

ncsrgsttagstnntrdcdntCrstntytntnttvrymnndmnsrstcnsqncftprmFfadmndev,rsPgs

prcdmrptmstcdfsn,ndmpszdndvdcc.12 lsCrtr,Charisma and Control in Rajneeshpuram. The Role of Shared Values

in the Creation of a Community(CmrdgunvrstyPrss,1998).



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The Nuwaubian Nationxx

trsnddmrgstrcttfncyarcscrpt.(“wtrdsrt

sksdngr,nCndnzzrd?”indrd.)ictgrzdtms

fundamentalist Muslims until, nding a seat on the train, I glanced at the tract

ndrdt…tMd…uFos…srvvsttrnngcmpntCtsks

(!)“hy!”itdmysf,“Tsgrps…ct, Black ct!”(intsdysistsdt“c”rd,tdycnsdrd“n-PC”mngscgstsstdy

nrgns.)Sncistcngcrsnnrgnstttm,nd

rtngmyP.D.dssrttnnmnnNRMs,irsvdidstdytm.

ittrndttsn’tttsy.

Ty cd tmsvs tansra Cmmnty n ts dys, nd

vdncmmnnrtbnntsrctrcknnrtMntr,ttr

dqrtrssnbrkyn,N.Y.Typdddttcngsftr“Mstr

Tcr” n Tms Sqr nd n t strts f mny f tmjru.S. nd

Cndnctsrtystptsdspyngafrcnncns,s,crftsndDr.Yrk’skts,r“scrs.”bttsmnrn’t jstrdnrypddrs,

tyr “Prpgtrs f t Kndg”— gnosis tt cncrnd t tr

rgnsndsprtdnttyfdrk-sknndpp—sngcncstrs

d frmdstntstr.Ty rcrtdafrcn-amrcnytydy, nd

sptnmn’srrckstngt.

idmktpntttrckdntansrsnmytrpstTrntnd

NYrkndgncctngtr“scrs.”Nstdtntncnsstcks

ndttsnt,icmcrssThe Paleman,kttxpns

tppvprsy,dtt“Crsfhm.”ismsdts

Dr.McZ.YrktrnttsnttCrstncrcsftStrn

bbt.Dsptmyprscndtn,tPrpgtrssmdqtngt

strntmyysndxpnd“TKndg,”rtstndrndnd

jstct.

ondyiscttngtfrndyPrpgtrtstn14tStrt

ntestVgndskdmficdntrvsmftrmnfr

mydctrdssrttn.hsks d.“wdnt tm tspk

ttsdrs.”S, fr yrsi nvrs trmn, nyptgrps n t

scrolls of heavily-veiled gures in white robes exposing dark eyes, hands and bare

ft.Tyrdntcvrngs,mrcngndcrcngrndctr

in mysterious Su dances. They served their husbands and children selessly,

mtngtfksnt,hdrtFtm.Tyrkdndtrngtft

Ansaar publishing ofce in Brooklyn, typing up Dr. York’s voluminous sermons

nt“scrs”tsdntrkstrs.Smmnrtprvs

fttpdrs,tmstftmvdntmn’sqrtrs,sprtfrm

tr“mts.”iftmnssccssfnfndrsng,drrdd

ynssgntntsmnnt“GrnRm”r,srrnddy

mrsfjngedn,tcpdfrtfgncstcncv

prNncd.Tscdrnspknengs,trtgthr,

arcnd“Nc”—nggnvntdyDr.Yrk.Tyrt144,000



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Preface xx

pure Nuwaubian children who would Rapture their parents just before the nal

dstrctnftpnt.

asingtntstrtsfNYrksrvngtm,intcdttt

ansrsrprtfrgrscn—tisrfrtst“bckctc

m.”13 in 1992 my frnd, Stv lxtn jnd m n rsrc trp tMnttntprprrc-trdppr.14wntcdt“Msm”ansrs

rnsrprsngyfrndytrmstmmrsftr,rvbckntnst

rgns.asiscnvrsngtPrpgtrtskst,Rstfrn

cmynd cttdtm.ltr,grpfbnamm’sbckhrs

pprcdndprcddtgrsptansr’srstnstyzdndsk.

onntrccsn,ryngcpyfThe Final Call frmNtnf

ismmnn1950s-styvrctndrdt.hndpssngansr

grtdctrtdgtdpncsndjcrnsts(sngtfrddn

“N”rd).wnskdmtNoirgrddtansrs,gd:“wcnsdrtmrrtrs.wrrkngfrtpftftpp.”

wsrcvdtmprssnttndvdansrsddntncssry

sr Dr. Yrk’s ncmprmsng stnc n rc.w r srprsd y t

dscrpncytntnstngprtryf“TPmn”nansrtrtr

ndtsygngrtnspssansrsrctvtngt“pmn”

ntstrt.onftrnnsrngngtnMnttn’s14tstrt,

tcdgrpfhssdcysrng yamukasstpytnansr’s

t.ontrymfrmtrYsv,crryngtrTrs,tyd

tansr,ndncdntsprtdttckpnTlm’sntrprttnsf

Tmdcdctrnndssfhrrds.Tansrvdntycmd

tdtndcdvrsmfsrtrsttnryksttspprt

him. The boys were aunting their erudition and thumping their Torahs, reading

tvrss.Tyrfrrdtnrgmntmdstk,ndtansrprmsd

tmdrngmr“prf”frmtlm’srtngsntmrr—s

tpprdtttssnngngrtnsp!onntrccsn,itcd

frckdsxpnsttngrddrdcksstpyfrsfvrtkndf

ncnsctansrkptfrmndrtcntr.Ttnggdnn

ntnsdscssnttcrdssdsdncrtnjzztns,ndty

mddttgttgtrgnt“jm.”

ondyifnd,tmysrprs,tttscty“nprm”frt

prsntttndtrmtngs.isnTmsSqrcnvrsngtcrmng

PrpgtrsstrystdnttCm(ircvdtmprssn

sjstdngnansrsprttyvrtsmmrdys).

“ifyrntrstdnTKndg,ydn’tycmnttr

Qstn-ansr?”skd

13 SCptr1frnxpntnftntnft“ctcm.”14 SsnJ.PmrndStvlxtn,“TansraCmmnty:Pstmdrnst

NrrtnndtbckJrmd,”nPtrCrk(d.), New Islamic Movements in the

West (oxfrd:CrfxPctns,1996).



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The Nuwaubian Nationxx

“Ry?Ywhitepptcmtyrmtngs?”

“Nprm,”rpd.

“bt,st…sf?”(wnidnvtdmyNYrkfrndtccmpnym

ttMsqnbsckavn,rndmttr.“Gtr,nd

y’gtst—rknfnyrck!”sddrky.)wnixpndmysttn,tPrpgtrffrdtscrtmprsny

ttmsq.istcmcktsxnssftndd.irtrnd…t

snrtsn.wnicmcktnxtdy,vddmygnc,

ndsrtransrsrtsngm.“hy,yrgrfrnd’sck,kng

fry!”

Sddny, n1992, tansrs dspprd. is nTrnt sctng fr

“ctt”ndntcdtyrntttrssptntcrnrfbrnd

btrst,sintttrtrpsttsdtetnCntr.isthr

Krsncntngndpngtdrms,tnansrs.Tnintcdnymdd-strn-kngmnntdjelabandcpsngarcktst

sstnd.hkdfydfrnansr,ndstrtrckdts

grscrtns,tipprcdmnyyndskdstnty,“ryt

tansraCmmnty?”

“Crtnynt!” rpd ndgnnty nbrts ccnt. “idnvr

ssctt tm.Tyr nt vnMsms!Tyr stpd ct!”h

pntdcrsststrttprfsknnytnsngrnndcktncstt

kdkbnbrtstthrtrtr.“Trtyrvrtr,

s?Tyrcrzy.”

Sitnkdmndcrssdtstrt.“Ys,used tcdtansr

a,tnrthyTrncMnstrs,”xpndtyngmn

ngrnsk,r vymdnftStrfDvdntndt

nank.

“btcnyJs?”iskd.“itgtyrMsms?”

“wstvtRgtKndg—ndvysnhrs—

kndfktFsJs,”rpd.“wvrstnd all trdrgns.”

TyrncdthyTrncMnstrs,ndDr.Yrks“T

lm”rmrsmpy,“Rn.”onmynxtvsttthTMkstrn

Philadelphia in August 1992, I was surprised to nd a woman in charge. She was

ntvd.infct,ssrngsrtsndtnktp.Sssrdmty

rnngrMsms,cs“’rntrgn,stdyfctgy.”wn

iskdrt“fctgy”s,srpd,“dn’t believennytng—

we just study the facts, ma’am.” I realized that women were nally visible and

rcgnzdfrtde factortyddstgnsnddmnstrtrs

snctgnnngftmvmnt.

aftr1992igntspccsnyttQstn&ansrcsss,

dttrTents of Kedar cnfkstrs(trrnmd All Eyes on Egipt ).

i ttndd t n Pdp, tr n brxtn ( k, dprssng r f

lndn,brxtnsncnsdrdttdfMsmtrrrsttrnng).



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Preface xx

Mrrgry,itrvdfrmMntrtbrkyn,NYrk.itstrtt

I attended my very rst Question&Answer meeting.

The Question&Answer Classes

onSndyftrnnitktsyfrmtestVgtbrkynnd

kdttTents of Kedar kstr,ctdnxtdrttmsqn717

bsckavn.onntrngtckgd-ttrdntrnc,ifndmysfn

fntsyrd,srrnddyckndgdsyms,arcscrptndegyptn

stts.TsrndtkcssdspyngndrdsfDr.Yrk’s

ksr“scrs,”strtdntansr’snmtstyffkrt.

imd my y t t ck rm nd t kstr. Tr i cntd

16ppsttngnnfddmtcrs—mstymnrngtrnsrfzs,nd fmnt rt rdd rds r trns. i cntd tr

babies and ve children. The walls were painted with scenes of muscular black

angels ying past planets and alighting on UFOs. Statues of Egyptian gods and

mn-sts f gdd papier maché grdd t rsd ptfrm r t

Mnstrstd.

Sm pp n t frnt rmvd vr crtsy t ffrm st.

istdnndtktntk.Tmnsdmspprssdgrn,ys

dncngntsfz.ltrivrrdgrpfdrdscpsjkngt

t “tprfssr dy”“spdns.”Tyrstndngtsd t

tmp,snrtngtgtr—ttstppdsddnyntysm.

TMnstrsyngmndrssdsvryncktfzndsds.

hpndtttrdtnNcgrtng,“Rt!”

“Rt!”tcngrgtnrspndd—ndtcssgn.

i st tr scrng frsy, t s s vryn s. T mnstr

encouraged them to take notes, so I t right in. When I reviewed my notes of

that very rst meeting, I can see I was having trouble recording an intense debate

vr t rtvmrts fdffrnt gnrs fhphp.onmn nsstdtt

all recent Hip Hop music was decadent and of no spiritual benet to the Nubian

pp.Tnyngmnjmpdtrft:“hphpxpsstn-jstc,

ypcrsynamrknscty!Tt’stmnsnssfhpp,ndtts

tt frst steptrdsbckey-Dnt-t!”

“Y!S’srgt!”grdrfrnds.

agrpftngrstrdtdfndtrfvrtgrp(tti’dnvrrd

f)sntrnscy“sprt,”ttdrdptsrgdtttnsprtnnd

pftf‘80srpndhpp“gtdrndd”ndrgs,vncndprngrpy.

(“hvystndtTpc?”…“CsssDsdstyststnc

symsnhppdvrtsng!”….“Y,ntDvcmtftPtnd

dsxtJckKnndy”…“TCntrCmptrbrn,666,sdgtzd

tsrpprsysnTV—ktemnm,ndJZ!”).

“o!JZ!”evryngd.



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The Nuwaubian Nationxxv

idstyndttyrtkngt.isgss-spng

tnms.bttrrdc,ncmprmsngstncnrcrytmn

nccsn.DrngQ&amtngnPdp,istdttnCnd

rvrtyfrfrcprjdc;ttmystdntstkrcntgrtn

ndqtysmcfrgrntdtttyrpzzdytvrycncptf“rcsm.”amnrspnddysyngsdtrndsnrsnMntrn

tt1980s,tqtftrsstdytdnrsnttrrrn

afrcnrdsnssntrdscsts“tmssy”nd“kd

drty.”“ifsrryfrtskdsnCnd,”scncdd.“Tyrsst.

Tyvndtyr.”

i sddny rzd tt my r tttds r rrvnt r. T

Nns dd nt nt ccptnc, qty nd rspct s tt ty cd

ntgrtmrsccssfynttscty.Tyntdsprtn. 15

i fndYrk’s mnstrs r tntd prfrmrs, mr k rtsts tn“prcrs.”Smdprdcdtr nCDsssprng,sm-prfssn

hphprRprtsts,ndtsrndspyntkstrs.Tmnstrs

dtrnstyftcngndmnystpad hoc“scs”fbckspy

ntkstrsrntrsts,sdsynDr.Yrk’srtngs.

onsty,nt svrydffrntfrmnrdnrySndysc css,s

tQ&aittnddnagst2003tt All Eyes on Egipt kstrnatnt,

Ga.16Pprgttrbsndrdttvrss.Tprsdngmnstr

tkdtsrsmrndscsss.incntrst,tSndycsssn

Pdpnt1990srdstncty“Nagy”—mrkstdycrcs.

T tpcs fr dscssn jmpd frm Tspy, t ancnt astrnts,

tufgy, tedgr Cyc, tZcr Stcn—pncttd yDr.Yrk’s

vr-mttngmytgsfrc.

StntrstyftcngsffrdySstrSknftbrkyn

kstr.Ssmnnsstdndncprtcptn.Sd

invite people up from the congregation to present specic topics, and would

ncrgdncrspns.

Tmtngsntlndnsrfbrxtn,rssngr.Tsknny

mnntrtnsrrytnts,grdnMrsckndgd-rdd

tncs,csprtnggd-tssdfz,r“Tttng”(frmfbrkDnc

sdnt90-dgrngsfgdsnegyptnfrzs)stydvrdng,

rytmcrspnsstqstnststrcmttrs(“ttpyrmds?”;

15 i rmmrs cdmyftr ncdscrd fmy frnd d

jst md spc t t dnnr t dnncng rc prjdc s “rstng t

tolerance.” I have noticed many “afrmative action” Hollywood lms that portray deep

ndngtntmtprtgnstsndtrcksdkcks,ndvndrdif African-Americans nd these scenes as contrived and embarrassing as I do.

16 TTents of Kedar kstrsrrnmd All Eyes on Egipt nctgrp

mvdtatnttdTmR,tregptn[sc]vg.istdtysptts

ycs“”smystcttr.



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Preface xxv

“rtDgnppnmdftrtDgStr?”).Tyngmnstrsd

csqstn,tnncntRp-stymng,pncttdyjrky

sdys dmtns nd rd gmtrc nd-rmgstrs. Tr frm

fptry rd vynrd-ssctn, intcd.Ty tndd tgnr

ltnndGrkrtsndvttrsfsmntcs,ryngxcsvynccdntpntcs.onxmpircntsmtngkts:

D yr rsrc, cck t fcts, xct! “exct” mns “eggs-act.”

So, what act is done on a egg? [soliciting answers from the oor]. You break

t, y crck t open, rgt? [Mmng ck rkng n gg vr ].

S,ny’rmkngggsfrrkfst,yvt crack ggs!Ytryt

eggs-act ,cstcnppn?[“Tykgtsrk!”cdtcy

dyptcy].Tt’srgt,Sstr!ortscnppn?[“Ysptnt

oor,” a little girl yelled out—then covered her mouth shyly]. You’re absolutely

rgt,lttSstr.S,msteggs-act nact ,nvrytng,‘spcyntktRgtKndg,tsssntttytryteggs-act n

csngtRgtPrs,tRgtwrds!

Ts sprtcrysrd xmp,t n tmtngstmnstrs

ddcnstrcttnggftrerpnpprssrs.Tyddtst

word play, erroneous semantic links or made-up denitions. In the Nation of

ismtrsgrtdfmpssndctngnsfyxpndngn’s

vcry.btNoitcrsryntwstrDctnryndststndrd

mtdsfpgy.Nntcrs,ncntrst,dsrgrdtltnnd

ang-Sxn rts, prfrrng t ry n ccdnt pntcs r spntns

ights of fancy. I soon realized they were not “scientic” philologists, but rather

poets. Their performances would often last for a good fteen minutes to half an

r,stttrmsrsdntcngrgtnfrqstns,dvnty

trndrc.

The Challenge of Culture Shock

intcrsfmyrsrc,ixprncdmmntsfprfndcnfsn,f

ctr-sck.onntrpttbrxtnmtng,isrntfrmjtgnd

tmrnngcnfrnc,dttlndnScfecnmcs.indddff,

dytrytmcmng—tnsddnyknck-pntd,

anked by gilt papier maché prsndnks.isdpydsrntd.id

styndris,srrnddyyngNnsrngfzs

ndegyptnddrsss,cttngynestlndn/Crnccnts.

incntrdcmmnctnprms.wniskdNntdscr

srvrdMstrTcr, nsrd,“h’sbad!”Tspzzdmnti

rndttbad mnt good .attmtnrTmR,ipprcdPgt,

20-yr-ddnrryscpdngstydrggngydckngnt

tNnkstrnddng.hnddpjnngtcmmnnds

nmnstr-n-trnng.wniskdmfrnntrv,sd,“i’rdg



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tytrntlnd.”(“wt?”indrd.)S,itdnrtrdg

outside the souvenir shop watching the exotic goldsh in the pond for at least an

rfrgvngp.ltr,irndtt“rdg”mns“tk.”

The Interviews

Tsstdydrsprtyfrmntrvs,smcndctdymysf,ndsm

lmed by the documentary lmmaker, Paul Greenhouse.17otrsrfndnt

ksfbPpsndbosnsk.intrvdnn-stx-mmrs,18

crrntmmrs,ndfrngmmrs.Mstfmyntrvsrcndctd

drngtJy2004“Svr’sDy”pgrmgtTmR. 19innfts

ntrvsicnfrntdnnprcdntdtcdmm.

inMrc2007iscntctdynx-mmrdrdttisrtngkntNnsndffrdtsmnfrmtn—frprc.

Tsprsnsmdttspksprsnfrrgrp,ndffrdptmn

tcttrx-mmrsrgrtntrvd(sfrprc).

idnvrncntrdtssttnfr.itsnmsngtstttmr

fmrptffcmngt ntctsts c t “ctpgst”r“kpt

scr”;ncdmcspdby“ctsts”tsynctngsttm.i

emailed my NRM listserve to elicit the reaction of my colleagues. I received ve

rspnssrnngmntttrst “sxydt”ttsgt.ispnng

mysftcrtcsm,tyrnd,ftrtcmknnttidpdfr

dscrdtngnfrmtn.S,idcddtdgndtrdtrrngmtngt

tspstt—cftrg—tiddmngtctsmstrsvrt

pn—frfr.Snctspsttsdntnsssntprsctn’s

csgnstDr.Yrk,indrdfssrtymtvtntprprstf

justice might have inuenced their testimonies… .20

17 Greenhouse’s documentary lm in progress, “The Nuwaubian Story” was shown at

tamrcnacdmyfRgn’srgnmtngnMntrnMy2005,nds

at the meeting of the Society for the Scientic Study of Religion in October 2006.18 onftmstfrtfntrvsstscnd-gnrtnmmr,Ysf,

30-yr-dM.a.grdtfrmCrn.hsmmrsfcmmnfnstrctMsm

sect are nostalgic and utopian. He wrote his MA thesis on the signicance of the Ansaaru

amvmnt,vttafrcncctntCrnunvrsty.19 TsncdntrvsnGrgttrtpdrs;tnt“Trd”t

TmR.Tsmncmfrmntrstngckgrnds;nsfrmrMnstrfrt

Ntnfism(prsncpn),ntrsprfssnsktpyrnerp,ndttrdsydrcsngnr.

20 agwsngtnsysnrrcntspcttsmftx-mmrsnvvd

nt“cnsprcygnstDr.Yrk”rxpctngtrtks,cmmdstrs,

ndgtrc(sCptr5).



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Preface xxv

i dscrmy ntrvs t JcYrk nd t Sstr Skn ,

cstyrvsmftstrng,nprdctstcsincntrdn

myrsrc.

Interview with an Arch Apostate

irrngdtntrvJcYrkn19agst2003tsfsntq,

nxt dr t t Rxy Ttr n t bckd dstrct f atnt, Ga.

JcYrksnftdstfDgtYrk’s100-ddcdrn,ndtsnf

snygf.hsvy-stmnnsry30stvryssrtv,

prfprsnty.iddscrmsntctyrnt,tty,nd

crsmtc.

i fnd Jc prsdng vr s tq n ps rmcr.w rsrrnddyrcksfgmrs,stgygrmntsstfrngtcs.ist

mkytsftncsn(trrntrcrs)skngmqstns

nd scrngdnnts.hpng t ct crtc ncdnt ttmy v

inuenced his father’s uncompromising stance on race, I asked him, “Did your

ftrvrvdxprncttprsn?”

Jacob didn’t answer at rst. His jaw dropped theatrically and he stared at me

tddpnxprssnfrfngscnds.“wrryfrm,Sstr?”

jd. “ar y frmMrs? o, tt’s rgt…y’r frm C-n-duh. T

nsryrqstn,icn’ttnkf single personikn(kmysf)s

ck,vdfrCvRgts,tt didn’t vdxprnctt

pp—ndimnmny,many,dxprncs!”

irrngdfrscndntrvtfngvnngtsrcrdngstd

and ofce, which was in a building complex behind high iron gates, with elaborate

scrty systmsctdn scryngrd.is ckdtndd t

rrpssngtngr’scpnfrtydpntgt.

A “Non-Interview”

in Jy 2003 Sstr Skn, t dynmc dr prsdd vr t

Qstn&ansrmtngsttkstrnbrkyn,ftrmcpstrng,

nally granted me an interview. I was delighted. So far, I had collected only a few

incoherent interviews from ex-members. The adult Nuwaubians usually deected

m—ttkdsrt toogrtgtntrvd.igt tkntt

grnmd“hrp”qt.Sssprgtyfftn,rdctd

gddnymssvcrnfntrctddrdsrtyftQn

fS.Sdngnstmysdrsirt,ndgmyrmndsy,

axmmoreqstns!”ivrrdrstngtrfrnds,“ijstgv

ntrvtttpr-fssrdy.Sgn’ptmnr book !”



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Sisdpryttkstrfrrntrv.Tsstrsnr

cpnndgstrdtrdsprfncrsnfrntftmsq.its

strngJyftrnnnbrkyn.idxpctdtcndcttntrv

ntcntrrftkstr,nxtttNagpfntntrckng

sd t cs rgstr. bt r r, pnkd n t trss cncrt pavement in the boiling sun, a stream of noisy trafc hurtling past us along

bsckavn.

bdsfstsddnmyfc.lkmstfr-sknndmnynd

trtns,irrdtsndmg.icdtkrkndftcmyt

ndsdsfrmtcr—tiddntnttrktsp.itdns

difcult to pin her down. If I revealed my discomfort, it might reinforce her racial

strtyps.ircdttpssgnnftscrsttdscrd,st

Mnnsnpprcsert,trgnfSytnnddn,nd

Pmnfrcdtrtrtntndrgrndcvscstrprstsknctngpnsnstrs,aiDSndskncncr—vngt

nrcfNnstrtsrfcftpnt.

Ssnppdrcpnst.Sstcknttrncr,ndttd

rd,spnx-k,srngtrysftsntrcct-gdskn.

wtdnsncfrngtm.imtdtgndrystcindncfs.

Fny,sstp:“oK,Pr-fssr,yntdtskmsmqstns.ax

y.”

“So, when did you rst receive the Knowledge?” I began. (This was a stock

pnngqstnmngtNns,mnttptrtrs.)

“inmydrms,”srpd.

“Ok…So! Can you tell me about the time you rst met Dr. York?”

“inmydrms!”

(Sddcddtsttntrv.Tt’soK,issdttt.iftd

myndtsdmyfcfrmtsn,tqckypttdngn.)

“Ymnyddrmt—hm?”

Myntrvnjyd ngsncfsnrsp,tnsstp,ys

drk ndrts ct’s. “hcm tm nmy drms, kmy, k…

ndrdftmsg?”

“o,is”(prtndngtgtt).“S,tyrddycty meet m…i

mnnrtm,yrk?”

Sstp.“Y!Prfssr!Ydn’tvrstndti’msyn’r!is

sleep,FaSTspncmtm.hkmp.htkmyt

nds.hlif -tdmp,tfmysr-co pgs!”

“oK…!”(asntNtnsfismndfY—tmtprf

spdscrstmnttyftdscndntsfafrcnsvs.)

“S…dysDr.Yrk?”

Snc.

“wtsty?…imn, is Dr.Yrk…xcty?”

Ssmd.



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Preface xxx

“hstonwCmsarmdtTKndg.andktty

dntm!orstrying td(and he’s letting them do it for His own purposes).

lyn’tm!Cngmp-d-p!lckn’mpfrnndrdnd

thirty-ve years!”

Gd,itgt.Sntrdcdtstcytpc,nti.“S,tttcdsgtns…?imn,d youxpn

tm?

Snc.

“D y tnk tr s …cnsprcy?” (Yrk’s spprtrs stncy

mntndttsfrmd—tttssjstntrcsfgrtck

drngsncdndrgtdn.)

“You sd t, pr-fssr. Tt’s ggs-zckyt t s frm t strt—

cnsprcy!”

“S,cnyxpnttscnsprcyst?”Snc.

idcddtcktrck.“S,trydngfrymtDr.Yrk?”

“itdy,irn’tdn’ntng.isjstyn’tr,ddmmmy—k

mstfrppnamrkscnscsnsssmmd,stms

mzzdyttsvmstrs…and mistresses!”(Sgrdtmsfi

rnftorgnSvMstrsss.)

(“ But I’m only a Canadian!” intd t rt t.) instd i strd ck

cmy—trcki’drndrsrcnggrptt“sqrrdff”frm

Scntgy.Tydcdtsrtrystrddpnntyrprtnr’s

ys“dngtcnfrnt.”bttsn’tfrcntst.Stdstckdmy

ivory cheeks like ies, while the Minister’s face deected the sun coolly, like a

cpprsd.ingdfrmytntcr,tircdttpssgnnf

Yrk’sscrs(“srptssdskn,tpcrtrssnstvsknc

pssyndrtrysftsn”).

S, i drppdmy gz nd skppd t t st qstn n t ntrv

scd.

“S,tvygndfrmyrnvvmntntuntdNn

Ntn?”

“Pc.”

“wt?”

“Pc. it dn’t cst ntng.w ffr n ndnc f pc.w’r nt

rrd t t stng nd rng ppnng t tr. w broke tt

strtyp,cleaned ptngrd.w providepcfnvrnmnt

frppskngtKndg.”

(lkmnyfmyntrvsntpst,tsnspsngntPR.)

“bttv yougnd?imn,prsny?hstcngd your

f?”

Sgrdtm.“wysdit younytng?”Nsgtrgtt

tpnt.“wysdi tynytngt—spcytmyprsn

nf’mtn?”



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The Nuwaubian Nationxxx

Tn r c pn rng.Tr d n rcrtc rrr n k

spmnt.isdsmssd.

The Meeting in Harlem

ovrtyrsidttndtccsnmtngttkstrs,sy

accompanied by a friend or two, and would try to keep a low prole, scribbling

dntdscssnsnmyntk.21Smtmsigttmprssntts

snsisdp,tmnstrddnpytnt-trtrctf

crtsy.bttrsnmnstrsmdtnjynstngmnpc.

MyrstxprncsnittnddmtngttbckNtnTtr

nhrmtmydfrndTny,nitn-amrcnpnst(ppnst

gy).TsssdrtymtngfrDr.Yrksnprsntngtr.

afrkbmt’sZNtn,tPrnchMsns,tMrsScnc

Tmp,tNbckPntrPrty,ndmmrsfvrstrgrpsd

cmtnspprtfprsctdckdr.isfscntdytmn’s

cstms, tmsnc syms, t strng ts, t fzs nd trns.ec

spkr t t pdm ntrdcdmsfynm, tndcrd…“ndi m

crmn!”(mnngckmnrssmdtcrmnsnamrk).

Yrk’sdscpsrndngtDVDsfagwsngtn’srcntmnt.S

ststrtnssfrtprsctnntcsgnstDr.Yrk,ndsd

jstrcntdrtstmnynddcrdsncdmstr,tttd

ncnsprcy.TNnsrffp….

asistnjyngtspcs,myfrndTnyrtrndfrmttrm

kngdstrgt.“Trrtstg-kngmcgysstndngtsd

tmn’s,grngtm.irtmmttrng“ Honky”…“Cracker .”“Tyr

scary!itgttyrgngttmp!”iskdmttstrms

mnt,ndxpndtt“nky”rfrsttCcsnprtrdngns,nd

tt“crckr”rfrsttcdcrfStncrckrs.(ltrifndt,

frmrdngMttsGrd,ttsqtrng.)

“Dn’trry,Tny,”isd.“Tyrpryjstjkngrnd.hr,

cmstym,tykme!”ltrnintvrtspktfmmnstr,

tsgnrdmygrtngndtrndrcrrgtrndsttrcks

trdsm.Tnycmmntd,“ShatesySsn,cnysys likes

y?”wrtnytppnt,xcptfrPGrns,t

documentary lmmaker, who was crouched on the oor in the front row, blending

into his camera as he lmed the speakers. When we discussed the meeting

ftrrds,Pntdtttsmnstrdcmmrdstnttrdsm

s,nd tgt ss dssndcs tmdsd s tt

ntrstnag’srcnt.

21 Stddctnfrtrnms.



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Preface xxx

Nxt,nftspkrsncdntdtrknckngmsxsnd

mmng“fry”ffcttns,cctdrrsfpprctvgtrfrmt

dnc.Tny,s“gyprd”msx(tnvsy)sffndd.

hsrtsststtmdvrccmpnymtnfmy“ct

mtngs.”a Nnmnstr s gvng spc n t pdm. Sddny s

prcmddy,“wtppdn’tvnss!”ndstrddndrcty

tm.

“wtppdn’tvnss!”srptd.“Tyrprsts.Ty

vnnrgy,nffrcftrn.Styvtfdfffs!andi

snprstright heresttngntfrntmkngnts,stdyngtfd

fffsttr!”

evry Z, vry bck Pntr, vryMr, vryMsn n t rm

svdtrfzs,trnsndysnmydrctn.iscgt—pnnd— tmypncpsdvrmyntk.atttmmnt,iftpyscpng

fpr,ndtdprn.idnvrrzdfrttprncd

pp,pysgcxprnc….

onntrccsn,nistnnQ&amtng,tmnstrstrtd

gvngmrgtm,drctngjcrnststm.wntmtngrk

p,issnkngtrdstxtndtstrggrsdngfrtfrntrm

ftkstr—tsddnyifndcrffrdtmysmnggrp

fNns,drptrststmkcrc.(i’dntcdfrtt

tmrtsmnstrnstdmnpc,tfrndrtdscpscmn

prvt.)

“S,Sstr,tdytnkfs?”prttymnskd,gzngtmt

golden-ecked orbs enhanced by feathery arching eyebrows.

“Y,tryrcncsns?”nqrdrmt,nttcmnnck

dsgnrtrndfz.“hr,ttSstr,rngtsdysmtngtt!”

Tttgrsrndngtpprptsfgrdcckn,rc,nsnd

salad and collecting ve-dollar bills. The man in the fez kindly paid for mine.

“Well,” I said, balancing my plate on my lap, “I nd you very, ah…different

frmtrsprtmvmntsi’vstdd”

“oy?hs?”

“Well, most groups I have studied borrow from Theosophy or Hinduism. I nd

tdscmptynfmrr,ndyrnggssdffrnt.igssi

mprttymprssdyDr.Yrk’srgnty…scrtvty!”

Tygd:“YgtorMstrrng,pr-fssr.h’snntct-

ffctgns—ndtt’syTheycsm,tnysystTheyt

mtsy.”

“wtsm?”

“TNpm.”

“w?”

“Tem…vn’tyrdThe Holy Tablets?”

“and’sgtcrtvty,rgt.S’srgttcr-y-tvty!”



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The Nuwaubian Nationxxx

(attgrprdmpprcpfcdpct.)

“Stdymakefs?”tgdn-rdmnkptprng.“wt

dymkfThe Knowledge?”

“w,intcttYrMstrpg…imn quotestfpssgsfrm

ejMmmdndtrpsprs—ttncmnstrdsngyrgny…sstsysmtng,…n.”

“Y’rntrgttrck,pr-fssr!”ndrmnsd.

“S,t’s your sprt pt?” t prtty gr nd frrd, r rgt

gdnysskngcnkntscgst’srmr.“aryCrstnr

t?”

aftryrsfstdyngncnvntnrgns,tryssmst

critical point in my eld research when the group I am scrutinizing will suddenly

trntts,gngpndptment“tst.”ivnvrnjydts.T

TvTrssjctdmttsrd,tScntgstss,tRjns,thrKrsn,tMns….

iptdtsrngspss,sicdgtcktsrvng them.

“w,cty,isrgtpnpsdMrmnfmy.irdyvrgt

crc.Ttyttrt,imcnfsdtmysprtty…fivnyt

.igsstt’snrsnyi’mr.i’mcckngtt.”

“itys!”ppdpndrdy.“S’sp-grm!”

“Sydn’tycmnour pgrmg?”tgdn-ydgrskd.

“wr,nstt?”

“TZdFstv.atTmR.Ycnsgnprttfrntdsk.”

“Y.Ysdcm!”

“We’regng!”

“ifyrynttvrstnds,ysdcm!”

The Pilgrimage to Tama Re

S,idd.isgndpfrtJn2004“Svr’sDy”FstvnGrg,t

pgrmgtTmR,t“Mccntwst,”scrdnd,mtck

ppnamrk.itnvvdtfr-dystrpfrmbrkyntGrg

and back, a ve-day stay at a motel with breakfast and a swimming pool, and a

vn tttxdsdyfrmtmtt“Tlnd.” inttmyfrnd,

Paul Greenhouse, a New York documentary lmmaker. The whole trip was a

rgn,cstngny t ndrddrsu.S.bt i xprncdmmntsf

dpdscmfrt….

i nvr frgt ts ngts—dzng, smpd gnst t sgty

nn-prpndcrststsrcdtrdstDpSt.ispkng

ttpprdprntmyrsstkptnfrng,tryngtcktt

dstngfdynmcprcrs frmtNtnfism.DVDsdn

rngyngtstsndtsytrgdfrmndsft



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Preface xxx

Carolinas. For two nights I had slept tfully to the rap of hyper-aggressive,

pcyptcsrmns.

“Y sk m i f t t Jewish hcst,” Mnstr Kd

MmmdssyngrgtntPDnnvckvyf

pncs.“btnnvrmntnst Black hcstttsngngnfr ndrdsfyrs!” (“Tnt-ctmvmntd v ts,” i tgt

spy...“rnsng,spdprvtnand nn-stpndctrntn…tgt

cntr,mntmnptn, n“s-nd-tm”mntty”.)ltr, i skdmy

frnd,P,sJs,ftttnt-smtcrtrc

stryngtsp.hsrggdssdrs.“itdsn’ttrm,”sd.

I wrapped my pillow around my head to mufe the noise—then worried it

mdmkkistryngtdfrmtcrmsfmyfrrrs(!)i

prdpnd dn t s s.Nns ntcngm.TNns

rsnzngy,smpdntrtspstrs,-tcsnkrsstckngpnncngrsqtsfrmtrmrsts—kdy-gpstctps.onyt

children were sleeping in comfort, tucked up in annel blankets and quilts, cradled

nsdtrsts,ggngtddsndrnappPtcds.

igzdttndstpdncrptn.Gstygrytrsdrppng

tmsssppdy,frmngpfrmssgrddytrctrs.Csddd

gnsttd-tppdrd-r.

“it youttvrysngwhahte mnvngtdysnndrdpr-cnt

r- sponsfrttrtrndyncngndx-cu-tnfvrysngck

mnsnctahme mmmor !”Kdsrntngy.(“igsstssn’t

gdtmtrqstnntrv,”itdmysf.)

astsnrs,igntrcgnzttnnmsfrmnsrprtsft

c“Nnngtmr”—Mcn,atns,etntn,Sdyln.Sddny

TAMA-RE rrd p n r ft— d Dsnynd f mksft egyptn

rctctr nd trmrpc ds. h ncngrs t kd, st n t

grn,spyGrgnfrmnd!wdrvpstndrdrppdttmtt

“frsnp”frtMagurajttvnng.Tsssymcpgrmgr

dtcrcrndtgntck-gtpyrmdycmngptrmpft

srrndngmz.

itspstmdngtnifndmysfkngptcmntrmpstt

dndcncntrcsqrsptPyrmd.adspkrnttpft

pyrmdcntd“oM-oM-oM-oM-oM,”drnngncntnsy.evryn

sdngrsyp,ts“ss,ss”—’djstxprnc

ntrGrgnmnsn,sttrs,try,ptrkns.Tf

mnsgngvttrngsttftpyrmd.ToM-oM-

oM s pncttd y g dscnt f crkng frgs crcd frssy

on the ramps, their tiny throats swelling into balloons as their round eyes xed

ypntcyntmn.

wnrcdttpftpyrmdstdrndntdgf

rgsqr.Ttprsngdnddrssspdddqckyngt

dgftcrdnrft,trndsssngsncryptcgstrs,cntng



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The Nuwaubian Nationxxxv

ntgsysttissmdrsppsdtncntegyptn.Ty

rndsmndcrsmtc,ndismprssdytprft Maguraj.

idxpctdtt“ky”sncncctdrt.bttrssmtng

tfndmvngtt.iftisntvrgfmd,sttctrnc-

stt—tikptrryngtmyngrysdsnds,rcntyprcsdnst Arche —ttrdruintm.(“wtsrngtm?”itgt.

“hrsdrpnngntmystcxprnc,pssyt panenhenictyp

ttwmJmsrtt—ticndsssstfsn?a,

all pilgrimages demand sacrice!”)

Drngtk-ngfstvistcnvrstmnyftpgrms,

nd dscvrd ttmst f tmr nt ry “Nns.” in fct,my

mprssnsttmstft1000-ddfksttndngtsfstvrjst

pn,mdd-cssafrcn-amrcnstgnrntrstnbckidntty,

ntdtstrkdstbckhstrymsm.intcrsftnxtk,itkdtsctcrs,ccntnts,yrs,dctrsndngnrs

frmcrsstu.S.drdDr.Yrk’srtngs.Tyddn’tstrkms

prtcry“rcst,”ttyxprssdrmntcntrstntrafrcn

rtgndsdtcmmnct“bckPrd”ttrkds.

Tfstvsnngngfsns,tndrdsftfmn

dressed in eclectic fantasy outts that illustrated Dr. York’s shifting mythologies of

trafrcn,arn,egyptn,Mrs,amrndnrgns.Msncsyms

dmntdtprds,trctctr,ndtmn’ssppsdyscrtmtngs.

TksipckdptxmnspkftmystrsfFrmsnry,nd

rftnsntcdfrmmynds.(“excsm,Sstr,tt’saeo.”)

Vsy,tfstvsdgt,ttfdsnttmytst.aty

served was deep-fried chicken or sh, and fries. “Salad” meant instant macaroni

tcry ts nd nn.Fstvvntsrftn ntrrptdyvnt

dnpr,kndfGrgnmnsn.wdvtttprd,dsnd

tdrmfst,ndrnfrcvrndrtpyrmd.Tridstnttp

gry,ntrtnngtcdrn.

The rst morning at the motel started when I went swimming in the pool. I

ntcdttnnftdtNnsntrdtp(prpstmn

rtmdst,sncntsnggtydnrngMsmrsnd

fcvs)—tsmftkdsrdngntsnd.asngftr

skdm f icd tcskds t sm.igrd,t i fndscdrn

srprsngyfrffttrndmstrstffm—tgtygd

hysterically and ailed around. Then more parents asked me to watch over their

kids in the pool, and I became the unofcial bodyguard. After that, the kids started

fngmrndkmtrdck—ccrmpdmyrsrcffrts.

attgrkdtrsndrdmyr,ndttydrnsnds

ngmyrm,tnstrtspmstsfttnsscmff.Tcdrn

xprssdnt-ttttdsqtpny,ttydttyttrnscnd

tmntnkngfny.



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Preface xxxv

I rst noticed this when we were waiting for the bus on the pavement outside

t All Eyes on Egipt kstrnbrkyn.Tsstrst,ts

gttngdrk,nd t cdrnrgttngrttr nd rttr.on tt y

ncdptmnstck-sdm-grnsnkrsttfnctndkpg

stcks.“wyydcdcmrngttsnggrs?”skd.[hry

ddsyxctytt.]

I was taken aback, and responded honestly without thinking, “because I nd

yntrstng.”

hsprngdckrd,cnsdrdmynsr,ndttskyg.h

ppdfrrdsndtrsrmsrndmystng,msttrng

me off balance. Then he bounced back to his friends, his sneakers ashing

rd-grngtsctmndd….

at tZd fstv, nd frtrkds fdmrnd,cnstntyntrfrngtmyrk. i trd ntrvng tm, t fnd, tg ty

xtddprvrncfr“Mk”r“Pps,”tyctyknvrytt

tDr.Yrkrtrprnts’rgn.

on dscnt gr prvd t n xcptn. i skd r t stndrd

qstn,“wnddyrcvTKndg?”—ndsxpndttr

mtrs nrsrkd t t spt, nd sttngtm n

ftrsc,ssrd(“Ntn’tdttct-s-vsn”),ss

strtdtttndtmtngstt All Eyes on Egipt kstrdntstrt.

btrmtrddntpprvfts.(“Mymtn’t t.Ssyis

gttngvr-nvvdtNp.”)S,tgrnvtdrfrndsvrfr

Qstn&ansrmtng,ndtyrgttrsstrsndrtrs.Tn

mrpp strtd cmng (“vn g grnps”).T gr d tmtngs

(“isreal good ttcn’RgtKndg!”).SvnrtttrtMk

rqstngprmssntpnrnkstr,ttn,“Mymt,sdn’t

like comin’ home from hospital ndin’ too much folks bridgin’ in her livin’ room.

Sssy,‘Stptcn’nmys.Gckttkstr’!”

The Black Mud Breakthrough

onngt,xstdytcrdsnddrmmng,isnkdfftmyygmt

and climbed to the top gallery of the large pyramid. I hid behind some unnished

pnsntpkdrftvnp.wnik,ifndisckd

n. T trngr nds r mst pq, md f tck pxgss.

igntfcstrpc.hvngrdNagkttffctsf

pyrmdsnmt,ifrdfistydtngimgttrnntmmmy.itppd

npxgssnd.aftrfnrrs,pssngscrtygrddd

mndnttftctkys.wntmtmmdsmtngt

“prmtts.”



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isfrdidmssdtstttkscktrmt,sirncrss

t c pstr n t mngt, skrtng svr tmps—nds rvd

ts skstt.bts ts ryr s? its psdd, ttd

frrd,nsntmdktstftdnsrs.apprcng,irdt

frntsgrndng,dggngndprstcksspnntr.Pprrnnngncrcsstngdrctns,tryngtrgttysngpysnd

pnksfdpcdndrttrs.intttrrtpps.af

psrnfrmdmtttsdstrtdtv—ttntdrvrdcdd

tvrfftpvdrdnttgrssnrdrttrnrnd.(“Tytold s

nttdrvntgrssftrtrn,”sd.“Tyrndst’s swampt

tr.”)

Sddny,scrmspttr.astsspngnsttpnkfd,

a splinter had own off and pierced a man’s leg. Blood was owing copiously

dnscf.Smncdfrnmnc,strsntrdy….wkptnpsng,tintcdtttfrntsrsnkngdprnd

dprnttmd.istrtdrnnngrndrkngrdrs,tssvryn

s.Fny,gttdnpnksntrgtpcndrts,nd

t s rrd t f tmd k nrnrntsrs.w crd—

t ts psng t s’s tt r sddny spryd t md, ncdng

mysf.wkdtctr,gng,ndisrmnddfttpssgn

The Paleman:“i(allah)willCReaTeaMORTAL BEING(aDaM)FRoM

BLACK MUD(ClaY).”22FrDr.Yrk,adm’snmcmsfrmthr

rt Ah-Dam,ttmns“bckMd.”23wddn’tgtckttmtnt

3:00.m.evrysrsgngfstndttrscd.

it mgt v n my mgntn, t ftr d-mrd t s t

Nnssmdtmrrcptvtrdsmyrsrcffrts.icctd

four ne interviews the next day—two with members of the Triad, one with a

Prpgtr,ndntmntrndtt…nmpstr.

The Imposter

acymndddptmsisndrngtrgtMsmf

bckhstryndskdmfirjrnst.hsrngPnsindns

ftrdddrssndfindnrg.hsdsfrmPdpnd

rkdfrtuntdNtns—ndgvmssnsscrdtprvt.h

cmdsnmssdrfrtYmssFrstNtnsndsrkng

nprjcttrcttYmssckttrrgnndsnafrc(

handed me another business card, and a yer). We sat down on a bench in between

22 asSyydissahdaMd,The Paleman(Mntc,N.Y.:Torgn

TntsfKdr,1990),23 itsntrstngtnttttarynNtnstrnst“a-Dm”s“bdnt

fc,”tprvnytfr-sknndsrfymn.



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Preface xxxv

annsndTtndtkd.htdmtsmprtnt“mntrn”

projects, his various ofcial “hats” (presenting appropriate business cards for each

n)—tniskdmtDr.McZ.YrkndRgtKndg,is

srprsdyttkn,ndvnmrysckfpssncncrnng

these topics. He attered me, saying I must have African blood—that it showedpnmy“tfrdr,ktTrgtr”(idcddnttmntnmy

nntrtmnts).aftrprtd,irnntnftTrdndskdmt

mynfrmnt:“hsdwhat !?”Knshtpxpdd.isdmtmn’s

business cards and the yers.

“h’snNn!h’snmpstr.wgttfpnscm

r, prtndng ty rcvdTKndg—jst tgtttntnndps

trntrp!”

Knshtpcdtscrtygrdsvrndmdmdscrtcprt,

and they bounded off to nd him and escort him off the property. I never gotthe cards or yers back—but I couldn’t use an interview with a fake Nuwaubian

nyy.

But…Is He Really Guilty?

wnirrvdm,mydgtrscddm:“Mm!itdmyfrndsynt

nstrptncf Black Supremacists!TysdyrMmmst

crazy!”

Ssfjkng,tytstmidgntrzttsmsrs

sssrtstk.

wnistrtdrsrcngtNns,tsntsprtffn.ivn

fndThe Palemanmsng.isr,fcrs,ttnrgsmvmnts

rstgmtzdntmdndrsjctdtrssmntyscrtrts,

mny s rst f nvrmng pc gnrnc ndmd-gnrtd

prjdctrdsncnvntnrgns.btigntrztt“bck”

nrgnsmgtfcnvngrtrgtfppstn.

Tsmssgsrnfrcdynafrcn-amrcnmnscrimt

tcnfrncnRcstr,N.Y.idjstprsntdpprntNn

controversy in Georgia, using deviance amplication theory to analyze the

mounting conict. She raised her hand.

“The kind of conicts you describe…you think it is because the group is a new

religious movement ,rgt?”

inddd.

“w,istnkngtt,cmngfrmCanada,ymgtnr—tt

yvn’tn sensitized —trrcsss,ttvryrrcprm

ttxstsntu.S.tdy….Tstryytnyrpprsvry familiar

stry—t’stppnsvrytmafrcn-amrcnppgttgtrnd

strttgtrgnzd.Tn tyrvds trt!T dr srrstd

ndccsdfsmtng,trprprtystknyndtrcmmntys



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rknpnddsprsd.andtsn’tcstyr‘NRM’,kyrg,

t’scstyr Black !”

i tgt t r sttmnt. in t nd i dcdd t s mpss t

dtrmnttxtnttctrppstnttNnNtns

mtvtdyntctsm,ttxtntyrcsm—ndttxtntyDr.Yrk’sprvctvvr—prymxtrftr.

TNnstrysfscntng,ttssdstrng.itrsssrs

qstnstjstc,ttsttsndsccntrfrcndrgs

mnrtsnamrc,ndttstpprfrtnfprptsccsdf

pdpnrnrgsndscp.aftrrtrnngfrmtpgrmgt

TmR,iftsmnsdrtk—ndprpsisdtn.

atttmftsrtng,mstftnfrmtnntuNN’sstryf

conict is to be found in local newspapers from the small towns in Middle Georgia.

Ndsstsy,jrnstcprtrysftsbcktpnmvmntvnmstnfrmydystpn—tysdjrnstsvtstrdn

ttyct“NnNgtmr?”

bosnsk, jrnst cvrd tNn stry n t Atlanta

Journal Constitution,ttcksDr.Yrk’srsckrfrmr,rtrnd

nfctr, ccsngm f, “sng t trppngs fnrdrystrct rgs

cmmntyscvrfrsd-rngngcrmnntrprss.”24Yrk’ssccss,

xpns, s d t s ng “gftdmnptr.”h prtrysYrk’s

dscpssg,pttcdpsstndypssyYrkrstr

nkccnts, sdcs trvs ndmsts tr dgtrs.hdsmsss

Yrk’stcngss“prpstrstdd,”s“dnrgtsy,”ndnssts

ttYrk’smvmntsdnttknsrsysrgn:“Tcm

rgsdrstspmtntnfrgnsfrcfgd,”

dcrsosnsk.25

Mst scgsts f rgnd dsgrt ts sttmnt. i d

rgttt“tntcty”frgndsntncssrydpndtrts

prophet-founder measures up to twenty-rst-century North American standards of

mrtyndptccrrctnss.Mmmdprctcdpygmy,Pts

msx,ndMtrannlprcdccynddnncdmrrdf

s“crncncpscnc.”Nrcntsstndrdppdtrtsts.Gsd,

n itnRnssnccmpsrfvcpypny,mrdrds dtrs

f nd s y (m sspctd s gtmt). h s nvrtss

nvrsy rcgnzd s n nnvtv cmpsr.VnGgdgnrtd nt

sczprnndcnsrtdtprsttts.Crdgsddctdtpm.

MnygrtJzzmscnsvddfcrrssftvr,ndRcksngrsf

heroin overdoses—but their private vices and moral deciencies do not diminish

24 bosnsk,Ungodly: A True Story of Unprecedented Evil (etntn,Ga:indg

Psng,2007),269.25 osnsk,268-9.



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Preface xxxx

trrtstcgcy.TtJmsbrnsntrssf-tr,ts

Mtntrdtstg.

Nrgsfndrsrcrtvrtsts.asprpts,mystcsrmsss,

ty rry cnfrm t mdd-css amrcn stndrds f dcrm. Ts,

osnsk’sntnttDr.Yrkcncctdsrsfpny,cpyct“cts”smpyt“cntrpp”ndfctts“crmnctvts”ssrd.itrqrsr

tntndtrssffrttmntntmntfprpt.onynsssv

rdrndcmpsvsprtskrcdvrttn,dtd,ndvrsn

tprdctnfvr450strc“scrs.”onyprcrtxtrrdnry

rtrcskndprsnccdnspr,xctgtr,nddtttntn

fsdncfr40yrs.

Tnsftsndsfafrcn-amrcnsvrdtrtngsfDr.Mc

Z.Yrk.ovr tn tsndvprtcptd ns 40-yr srs fsprt

mvmnts.antrtntsndndmrvvstdTmR.inrdrfrtrsrcrtvngntndrstndtrvncfDrYrk’stcngs

frsNns,tsncssryttkttm,ndtttndtrmtngs.

hr,ncnsrvtrrts,stdsrcmmnctdtt

cngrgtnyYrk’smnstrs,ndtctdscpsnctn.inrdrt

“overstand” York’s message of “Right Knowledge,” the researcher must rst try to

mptzttdscps,ttrytstrdtrgtrys.

onftmstdntngcngsifcdnrtngtsmnscrpts

ddrssngttpcfcdmsttn.innrydrftfpprttismttd

tncdmcjrn,idcddt“rckt”tssfYrk’scptynd

fcsn tmd’s trtmnt ft “NnNgtmr”myv

inuenced his trial. The editor protested that I was “trivializing the suffering of the

vctms”ytkngtspprc.iftstrngytttssnfr.atttm

frtng,Yrksstntr,ndtrfttnsssfrtprsctn

djstrcntdtrtstmns,syngntttyd not nmstd.

The judge had dismissed members of the jury after nding they were “tainted” by

tsnstnstcnsrprtsttftrdrdntrvsttgd

vctmsft(gd)ctdrsxprdtr.Cntssnsrprts(nd

k)vnpsdttrdcsttsffrngftvctms—tt

psstyttYrkmynnncntmn,rtstnncntfsmft

crgsdgnstm,sngnrd.

unfrtnty,icnntjdgtrDr.Yrksgtyrnncntft

crgsfcdmsttn.assyr,adrnPtrck,ptyptt,“icnnt

tytddrddntdntprvcyfsndrmtnyrsg.”

im,vr,qtcnvncdddntrcvfrtr.attrnyPtrck

cmstttsttcrgsdvndsmssdfrckfvdnc,xcpt

tttyr“mprprycmnd”ttfdrrcktrngcrgs.its

scrtttcsgnstYrkscrfypnndndrcstrtdy

ntrkfctrppnntsttncddx-mmrs,sstrngdsnnd

dgtr, jrnsts nd -nfrcmnt gnts (tgvdnctt tr



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The Nuwaubian Nationx

s“cnsprcy”dsnt,ntsf,ncssrymntcnsprtrsrnt

tngttrt).

bcsftyDrYrk’scrtcssndd,tspssmy

nvrknt“ryppnd.”asstypcfcdmsttncsssd

ngdcrmsttmyrmyntvccrrdyrsg,trsnpyscvdnc,nfrnscvdnc.btntrstrnyvdncttdprv

s nncnc.T csgnstDr.Yrk s rstd ntry nt sttmnts

f t vctms—nd ts cnnt xmnd cs t crt trnscrpts

rnv,ndttnsssvprsmynrndytFbint

ttk.

Mrvr,trsnnxtrrdnryrsfgtnsfcdmsttn

rpdpdgnst“ctdrs.”astscgstndyr,JmsT.

Rcrdsn,nts:“cdsxsgtnsvcmn,fsn

ndgy-ffctvstrtgyntsccntrfncnvntnrgns.” 26Dr.Yrksrdynppr,ngfrscrgdtcdmsttn.

hsntrs“ckmtnt”nd“ctdr”f“qs-rgssct”

tngstryfsspctdrsnndstckpngrms,fvtnfznng

rgtnsnddngcds.

asftsrtng,Dr.Yrk’stmfyrsrprprngnppfr

tSprmCrt.27Mn,Dr.Yrk’syfrsvndng

nnstttns,crtngpcyptcscnrsndggrpsftrdr,

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tgrmnng.oncnnyxtrptntpssftrftsn

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Zv,MrcsGrvy,ejMmmd,YbnY,Crnc13X,

ndtrtrdxsprtdrsrsnttprsn.Mygssstt

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ssdnttbckctcm,tmtrxfrmnctsprng.Dr.Mc

Z.Yrkcmnftgndrymrtyrsfbckspynamrc,nd

sdsvn,spgrzd,pprprtd,nctdpssgsntscrd

rtngsfftrbckMsssnamrc.

26 Jms T. Rcrdsn, “Sc Cntr f N Rgns: Frm brnsng

CmstCdSxasaccstns,”nChildren in New Religions,ySsnJ.Pmr

nd Crtt hrdmn, ds. (N brnsck, N Jrsy, Rtgrs unvrsty Prss.

1999),172-86.27

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a-Jm.TyvrpcdtstyrtattrnyMkSzzftN

bckPntrPrty.

nuwaubian_nation_pref

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