nutritional diseases new.ppt

8/14/2019 NUTRITIONAL DISEASES new.ppt

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NUTRITIONAL DISEASES/DISORDERS

MANIFESTATION

* OVER NUTRITION

* UNDER NUTRITION

* MALNUTRITION

CAUSES :COMPLEX

* GENETICS

* ENVIRONMENT* CULTURAL

* PSYCHOLOGICAL


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DASAR Tak langsung LangsungMISKIN Penghasilan

PENDIDIKANRENDAH

KesediaanPangan

Pola Asuh

Anak

Akses thdPelayananKesehatan

InfeksiPenyakit

Asupan

gizi/makanan

Statusgizi


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CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRITION DISORDERS

1. PRIMARY

Inadequate intake

Low food consumption

Defie of vit

- IDD (GAKY)- Anemia

Overnutrition due to over eating

2. SECONDARY

Intake good but

DigestionAbsorption disturbed

Utilization

Excretion


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WHAT HAPPENS IF INTAKE IS NOT ADEQUATE

(Below Requ irement ? )

STAGES :

1. Body reserve is used

eg. - Vit A Depo in Liver

Can last for 3 months

- Vit C in tissue reserve

Lasts only for few days

TISSUE DEPLETION


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2 . IF TISSUE RESERVE IS ALL USED

Biochemical changes

OCCUR

If not supplied, it will be followed with :3. Physio logical changes

Due to metabolism disturbances


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eg. B1in CHO Mtabolism

* Zn in many Enzim activities* Vit A in adaptation process

4. Anatomical changes

* Tissue defect- Bitots spot

- Xerrosis conjuction

- Bleeding gUMS- (blood vessel fragility )


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Inadequacy

BCh Phych AnatchTissue depletion


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FACTORS INFUENCING TISSUE DEPLETION

A mount of tissue reserves High vs Low

Degree of in adequacy mild vs moderate vs severe

Degree of requirement

Interact to produce

Biochemical, and clinical sign & symptoms


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Type o f Nutr i t ional Defic iences

1. Acu te vs Ch ron ic

- Depends on the VELOCITY of the inadequacy

& pathologie lesions- Acute : easily treated

- Chronic : improvement is slow


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2. Mild vs Severe

- depends on degree & intensity of tissue

changes/destruction

- Brings clinical implication

- mild - acute :

- acute- severe prognosis is different

- mild chronic

- severe chronic


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Eg. Acute B1defie

* head retraction in birds

* Death in few days

* Given B1quickly, recovered with no sequale

3. DURATION/LENGTH of INADEQUACY

Days, months, year

* Long duration : worse response

* Short duration : better response

eg. - Mild poly neuropathy for years

- Severe poly neuropathy for days/months


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B iochem ical changes

Detected through :

Enzyme test precence of pathological substances in

blood/urine

Blood Markers- T3-T4(defie Iodine)

- Serum ferritin (iron defie)

- Serum vit A/retinol (vit A defie)


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Phys iolog ical /Func t ional changes

Found as :

1. Subjective Complaints

- Weakness

- Low concentration

- Low Peristaltic movement

- Stomach gas increase

2. Objective Findings

- Low Physiological reflex

- Phathological reflex present

- Low dark adaptation ability

- Low Hb


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ANATOMICAL CHANGES

1. Found as the farthest end of deficiency.

2. Can be seen micros or macros copically in organs

- Conjuctiva

- Cornea

- Gums

- Tongue

- Liver

- Epithelial linings

nutritional diseases new.ppt

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