Nutrition Requirements and Issues

By: Aanya Arney pyp3e

Body Energy Requirements for females*

— 2 - 3 years old: 1000-1400 Kcal/d— 4- 9 years old: 1400-1600 Kcal/d— 9- 13 years old: 1800-2200 Kcal/d— 14- 18 years old: 2400-2800Kcal/d

Vary significantly based on gender and age for males

— 2 - 3 years old: 1000-1400 Kcal/d— 4- 9 years old: 1400-1600 Kcal/d— 9- 13 years old: 1600-2000 Kcal/d— 14- 18 years old: 2000-2400Kcal/d

Childhood: Nutritional Problems - Globally Obesity

— Begins generally after the age of 2 - do not restrict dietary fat before this age

— 30% of children are obese: rate is increasing

— Childhood obesity is not generally “outgrown”

— Growth adiposity rebound between 5 and 7 years is critical in predicting adult obesity» Early rebound more predictive of later obesity

Childhood: Nutritional Problems – Globally continue … Iron Deficiency: 6-13%

— Children at risk due to low iron stores at birth (up to 250,000 per year)» Growth-retarded infants» Infants of diabetic mothers

— Children at risk due to inadequate intake» Early introduction of cow’s milk (before 12 months)» Unsupplemented infant formula (up to 30% of sales)» Breastfeeding without iron supplementation (20% at 9

months

— Children with increased GI blood loss

Poor nutrition in older people

Need more support and careLess likely to be able to live independentlyNeed more frequent and longer stays in

hospitalMore likely to fall

Background factors for poor nutritionInappropriate, inadequate food intakePoor appetitePovertySocial isolationDependency

Body Composition

Summary Nutritional issues in childhood and adolescence

differ in developing and developed countries

The antecedents of adult diseases are found in childhood nutritional disorders Obesity Allergy Cancer