nutrition plants bio 4

8/22/2019 Nutrition Plants Bio 4

1/40

Also can cause by excessive intake of ____

_____________________ which can increase the

__________________________, thus

___________the blood pressure.

Ways to reduce the risk of HBP :

Reduce the intake of food which are rich in_______________________

Exercise _______________

Reduce the intake of salts in food, as well as

__________________ Do not ____________

Have enough ________________


2/40

DIET-RELATED DISEASE DIABETES MELLITUS

Caused by _____________________in the blood & its

subsequent _________________in the urine

Excessive intake of food rich in sugar (________________ )

can cause diabetes ____________

___________________can also lead to DM

The risk of DM can be reduced by :


3/40

DIET-RELATED DISEASE OSTEOPOROSIS

Due to the lack of _________________________________in the diet of an adult

Low density of the ________________& the bonesbecome ____________________

The risk of contracting osteoporosis can be reduced inthe following ways :


4/40

PELLAGRA


5/40

ATHEROSCLEROSIS


6/40

Photosynthesis is a process

whereby__________________

__________________________

Materials used during the process of

photosynthesis are:The by-products are:.


7/40

The importance of photosynthesis

To provide ________________________Heterotrophs are dependent on ___________,

because they _____________produce their own

food.Auto means________: troph means_______

Thus plants are ______________ organisms

meaning that they make their own food.

Photoautotrophs can ___________________.

Includes: ______________________________


8/40

Where in the plants does

photosynthesis occur?

Photosynthesis occurs in the______________of

plant cells.

The chloroplasts are mainly concentrated in the

________________ ofleaves.

Chloroplast contain__________

_______________ that absorbs sunlight.


9/40


10/40

HOW RAW MATERIALS REACH THE

CHLOROPLASTS_________is absorbed through the __________into the

___________of the ______, into the _________ of the_________, through the_________ of the _________ intothe_________ cells and finally into the_________.

_________ _____________diffuses from the atmospherethrough the _________, into the _________ _________ inthe leaves, and finally into the _________ of the

_________ cells.

The _________ and other pigments in the __________________ absorb the _________ _________ to drivephotosynthesis


11/40

The function of the stomata in

photosynthesis

A stomata is a _________ that is found on the

_________.

It plays a vital role in the _________ _________; Carbon

dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere through the

____________into the_________.

Oxygen diffuses from the leaves through the_________

into the_________.


12/40

The importance of photosynthesis

A review

o Photosynthesis produce_________ intothe_________.

o Plants store excess_________ as_________ in________________________________________________

o Plants produce_________ by through theprocess of_________.

6 9 M t i t &


13/40

MACROnutr ients: needed in _________

quantities

MICROnutr ients: needed in _________

quantities.

6.9 Macronutrients &

Micronutrients in Plants


14/40

_________ (scientist) successfully

prepared a solution which can provide a plant with

all the _________

The solution is known as _________

Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2 0.8g

Potassium nitrate, KNO3 0.2g

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KH2PO4 0.2g

Magnesium sulphate, MgSO4 0.2g

Ferum (III) phosphate, FePO4 Trace

Distilled water 1 litre


15/40

9.10 The Discovery o f Pho tosyn thesis

1692 Dutch scientist,_________ _________carriedout an investigation to study the_________of plants.

He filled a big pot with exactly_________

planted a plant (_________)

the_________covered with a metal sheet with small

_________to allow_________to enter

Van watered the plants for_________consistently

plant (increased to_________), soil (decreased by_________)

Van Helmontconcluded that the_________in weight of

the plant came from the_________& not the ____.


16/40

The Discovery of Photosynthesis 1772_________ _________carried out an

experiment using_________ _________ The plant had changed the_________in the

container. 1770s_________ discovered that a plant could

only change the air container if there was _________

. He also discovered that only the________________of the plant were able to do so.(______________________ both play a part inphotosynthesis)

1780s______________showed that the plants gaveout ____________when they were provided with

______________


17/40

PHOTOSYNTHESISThe _________ process through

which _________ energy isabsorbed by _________ , and isused to fuel the synthesis of

_________

The process where _________compounds are synthesised from

_________ & _________ in thepresence of _________ & _________

.


18/40

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THEPARTS OF A LEAF

Ad t ti f L f f O ti l


19/40

Adaptations of Leaf for Optimal

Photosynthesis The internal _________ of a leaf, the _________

of a leaf & the _________ of leaves on a plants areall adapted for obtaining optimum _________ &

_________

The shape of a leaf is also adapted forphotosynthesis. Most leaves are _________ .

_________ surface area enables the leaf to absorb

_________ The _________ light & CO2 need not travel too

_________ to reach every _________


20/40

Adaptations of Leaf for Optimal

Photosynthesis

The arrangement of

leaves is also adapted

_________________

___________________ Most plants

___________their

leaves in such a way

that there is ___________________ known

as_____________ every leaf can receive

____________.

Two main aspects :

Examples :


21/40

6.11:THE

MECHANISMOFPHOTOSYNTHESIS


22/40

Photosynthesisoccurs in in the

___________ of______________ &__________ of theleaf.

Consist of two part :______________

Each granum contain

chlorophyll that_______________________________


23/40

The process of photosynthesis is divided into

two :

Light reaction : occurs in the_________

(contain chlorophyll) _____________

Dark reaction : occurs in the_______ (gel-

like matrixcontain ___________ ______)

CO2 is reduced to ____________ in a

process called _____________________

(____________________________)


24/40

LIGHT REACTION Occurs in _________________

Chlorophyll _____________________________

excites the ______________________to higher level

Light energy is used to ____________________

hydroxyl ions + hydrogen ions (_____________ofwater)

4H2O 4H+ + 4(OH)-

The hydrogen ions combine with the electronsreleased by _______________________________

4(H)+ + 4 electrons 4(H)

sunlight

chlorophyll


25/40

LIGHT REACTION

The hydrogen atom are used in __________ to

reduce __________ .

Each hydroxyl ion loses an electron to the chlorophyll

hydroxyl groups combine together to form

__________ & __________ 4(OH)- - 4 electrons 4(OH)

4(OH) 2H2O + O2

Oxygen is released into the ______________ & laterused for __________ __________

Energy released from the excited electrons is used to

form __________


26/40

DARK REACTION

Occurs in the __________ of the __________

Hydrogen atoms from __________ are used in

dark reaction to __________ __________ to basic

units of__________

Involves a series of complex chemical reactions

which require __________

CO2 + 4(H) (CH2O) + H2O

__________ units of (CH2O) combine together to

form __________


27/40

DARK REACTION

6(CH2O) C6H12O6 Glucose is converted into starch___________

______________________

When combined with ________________ Overall process :

12H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Water + carbon dioxide glucose + oxygen + water

sunlight

chlorophyll

sunlight

chlorophyll


28/40

COMPARISON OF LIGHT REACTION & DARK

REACTION

LIGHT REACTION DARK REACTION

SIMILARITIES

Both

DIFFERENCES


29/40

1) CONCENTRATION OF CO2 Conc. of CO2 in the atmosphere varies

between ______________

Light ______________ & ______________ arekept constant the rate of photosynthesisincreases until a ______________ is reach

After this point, any ______________ increasein the conc. of CO2 has ______________ onthe rate of photosynthesis

______________ by other factors(______________), not enough to increasethe ______________ of photosynthesis

6. 12 :FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS


30/40

2) LIGHT INTENSITY ______________________ of CO2 are kept

constant, the rate of photosynthesis can be___________by increasing the____________ up to the light_______________________.

After this point, any __________increase in

light intensity has______________ on therate of photosynthesis (limiting factor

:__________________ Can be increased by increasing the

__________________

3) TEMPERATURE


31/40

3) TEMPERATURE Dark reaction involves _______

The rate of photosynthesis _________ asthe temperature______________enzymes more______________

Optimum temp. is between

______________ , the rate of reaction______________ ____________________________ stops

If the light intensity is too______________, any increase in______________ will______________the rate of photosynthesis


32/40

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RATE OF

PHOTOSYNTHESIS THROUGHOUT THE DAY WITH THE

CHANGES IN LIGHT INTENSITY & TEMPERATURE

______________ & change throughoutthe day

Light intensity ______________, the______________ is also high.

______________ country, LI & T are attheir maximum at ______________ time.The rate of photosynthesis is also

.

If temperature increases above the rate


33/40

If temperature increases above ______ , the rate

of photosynthesis ______________ .

In temperate country (_________ ), LI & T change

______________ the year.

Winter : LI & T are very______________.

Photosynthesis______________ Autumn : the rate of photosynthesis is at its ____

plants______________ their leaves & light

intensity as well as the______________ Summer : LI & T are at their______________

for photosynthesis, the rate of photosynthesis is at

its______________.

i th b t ti f


34/40

_______ is the best time for ________

To overcome the problem, the plants need to

be planted in ___________. In a greenhouse, the ________ __________,

temperature & light intensity are at

_______________ for photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is at its

___________ throughout the year, ensure the

______________ throughout the year.


35/40

6.13 Practising a Caring Attitude Towards

Plants

Must be thankful to plants & practise a _________________ towards them

Why?

Plants produce food as a ______________ for us,

maintaining the _________________________content in atmosphere

Without plants, there will be more ___________________in the atmosphere cause_________________

Not destroy ___________@_______________indiscriminately.

Should grow ________________around us.


36/40

6.14 Technology in Food

Production

To improve the ______________ of foodproduction in Malaysia through :


37/40

6.15 : TECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENT IN FOODPROCESSING


38/40

Fresh food can last only for a short time, easily

spoilt.

Need to be processed in order to last longer

Technology for food processing :

Changing raw food materials to other forms

Adding certain chemical


39/40

The necessity for food processing are :

Destroying m/organisms

Extending the lifespan of food

Avoiding food wastage

Diversifying the uses of food, like milk & dairy

products

Ensuring sufficient food supply because processed

food can last longer & they can be easily sent to

places with insufficient food supply


40/40

FOOD PROCESSING METHODS

Cooking (to kill the bad bacteria) Using salt, sugar & vinegar (osmosis)

Fermentation process (yeast is used glucoseethanol + CO2)

Drying (dehydration)

Pasteurisation (heated to certain temp and rapidcooling)

Canning (sterilised at high temp, above 120oC, the

container is vacuumto kill bacteria, preventbacteria from growing)

Refrigeration (slow down the action ofmicroorganism, temp low to -15oC)

nutrition plants bio 4

Documents