NUTRITION FOR DIABETES MELLITUS

PANCREAS

Location : inside notch of duodenum; retroperitoneal. Has body, and tail. Tail crosses midline and comes in contact with middle third of left kidney.

Development: outgrowth of embryonic foregut. Dorsal and ventral embryonic buds eventually fuse.

Innervation: foregut: sympathetic – greater splanchnic nerve; parasympathetic – Vagus nerve (X).

Arterial Supply: pancreaticododenal (branch of celiac) artery

Venous Drainage: pancreaticoduodenal vein is tributary of splenic vein

PANCREAS Function: pancreas is not only and

exocrine gland for digestion.

GLUCAGON – from alpha cells of pancreatic islets, raises blood glucose level.

INSULIN – from beta cells of pancreatic islets, lowers blood glucose level.

PANCREAS Function: pancreas is not only and

exocrine gland for digestion.

GLUCAGON – from alpha cells of pancreatic islets, raises blood glucose level.

INSULIN – from beta cells of pancreatic islets, lowers blood glucose level.

Types of Diabetes

• Type I • Type 2 • Gestational • Other types include:

– Genetic defect beta cell or insulin– Disease of exocrine pancreas– Drug or chemical induced– Infections– Others

Dietary recommendations for diabetes

Eat starchy foods regularly Eat more fruit and vegetables Reduce animal or saturated fat Cut down on sugar Reduce salt

Reasons for diet

Weight control Blood glucose control Prevention and management of

short-term and long-term complications of diabetes

Balancing food choices

Eat starchy foods regularly Bread Potatoes Rice Pasta Cereals Plantain Chapatis

Eat more fruit and vegetables

Fresh Frozen Tinned Dried Juice

Choose more high fibre foods

To help maintain blood glucose levels and cholesterol levels

Fruit Vegetables Pulses Oats

Helps to maintain a healthy gut

Wholegrain cereals Wholemeal bread Wholewheat pasta Brown rice

Reduce animal or saturated fat intake

Use low fat milk Use low fat

spread instead of butter

Use oil high in unsaturated fat, eg olive oil, rapeseed oil

Use less fat in cooking

Grill Dry-roast Microwave Steam

Choose the right sort of fat

SATURATED

• Full fat dairy produce (eg cheese, butter, full cream milk)

• Pies

• Biscuits

• Savoury snacks

• Lard

• Hard vegetable fat

MONO- UNSATURATED

• Olive oil

• Rapeseed oil

• Groundnut oil

POLY- UNSATURATED

• Sunflower oil (products)

• Oily fish

Cut down on sugary foods

Not a sugar free diet

Cut out sweets Cut out sugary

drinks

Choose low sugar products

Use diet or low calorie, sugar free drinks

Intense sweeteners

Tablet Liquid Granulated

Avoid diabetic products

Cost Laxative effects Focus on ‘sugar free’ Still raise blood glucose levels Still contain same calories

Reduce salt intake

Cut down on added salt

Use alternative seasonings

Look out for reduced/low sodium foods, eg bread

Avoid salt substitutes

Eat regular meals based on carbohydrate:

Breakfast

Lunch or snack meal

Main meal

Weight management and diabetes

Be more active

Slimming tips

Be realistic about your target weight

Aim to lose weight gradually Eat regular meals Make small changes you can stick

to

Drink alcohol in moderation

That’s

2 units a day for women

3 units a day for men

How many units in your drink?

units 1 pint premium strength lager or cider 3 1 pint average strength lager 2.8 1 pint average strength cider 2.6 1 pint bitter 2.3 1 pint stout 2.3 Medium glass (175mls)white or red wine 2.3 Large glass (250mls) white or red wine 3.3 Pub measure (25mls) spirit 1