nutrigenomics : periodontal implications,
TRANSCRIPT
“ NUTRIGENOMICS : A NEW PARADIGM FOR
UNDERSTANDING PERIODONTAL DISEASES ’’
GUIDED BY: Dr. SAVITA.S , M.D.S
PROFESSOR AND H.O.DDEPT OF PERIODONTOLOGY
CO-GUIDE :
Dr. RITHESH.K, M.D.S
READER
DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTOLOGY
PRESENTED BY :
Dr. SHILPA . SHIVANAND.DEPT OF PERIODONTOLOGY.
RAJARAJESWARI DENTAL COLLEGE.
Relationship of nutrition with health is long
known.
But how each component exert their effect onan individual at genetic level is graduallyknown.
Specific bioactive feed components present indiet act as the key environmental factors whichregulate gene expression. (Mead, 2007)
With these knowledge a new area of studycalled “NUTRIGENOMICS” has emerged.(Roche et al 2006)
INTRODUCTION
The study of how genes and gene products
interact with dietary chemicals to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolize nutrients is called nutritional genomics or “Nutrigenomics”.(Kaput et al, 2005)
A new science seeking to understand theinfluence of dietary components on theGenome, Transcriptome, Proteome, andMetabolome. (Ronteltap et al, 2009)
It is a science which study the effect ofnutrients on the gene expression.
WHAT IS NUTRIGENOMICS
BASIC TOOLS
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
Approach in which mRNA, and consequently gene expression is analyzed
in a biological sample under certain conditions at given point of time
METABOLOMICS
Quantitative analysis of all metabolites in a biological system such as cell, tissue or biological fluid (blood, plasma and saliva)
PROTEOMICS
Take this analysis further and aims to characterize all proteins in a
biological sample at the functional level
Diet and food components -
prime environmental factors that affect the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome this life-long interaction defines health/ disease state of an individual.
Nutritional genomics approach created hopes: gene-based nutrition planning- play a significant role in preventing chronic disease
WE ARE WHAT WE EAT
• 65 SNPs associated with the risk of
developing type II DM
• Advances of genome sequencing & decoding human genome test for detection of SNPs available to public
Type II DM
• Cause chronic process of inflammation for developing metabolic syndromes.
• Bioactive component α-tocopherol in green tea decrease chronic inflammatory process in obese.
Obesity
• Higher intakes of oily fish
• Lowering of plasma triacylglycerolCVD
SYSTEMIC DISEASES MODIFIED BY DIET
• Postmenopausal women
• Phosphorous damage kidney & cause osteoporosis
• Increase micronutrient mainly calcium
Osteoporosis
• Overdose of aluminium cause dementia
• Diet supplements like antioxidants (vitA & C), lipoic acid, L- carnitine , fruits& vegetables
Dementia, Alzheimer’s
• Nickel nose,lung, larynx, prostrate cancer
• green tea in inhibiting TNF-α release in lung cancer
• prostate carcinogenesis
induced n-methyl-n-nitrosoureatomato powder inhibit carcinogenesis
Cancers
PERIODONTITIS
DIABETES,
HYPERTENSION
OBESITY, DYSLIPIDEMIA
VITAMIN,
MINERAL, NUTRIENT
DEFICIENCY
OSTEOPOROSIS,RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS
SYSTEMIC DISEASES REGULATING PERIODONTAL HEALTH
Antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, C and E)
Trace elements (selenium, copper and zinc)
Depleted during periods of inflammation
Counteract reactive oxygen species damage to cellular tissues
Modulate immune-cell function through regulation of redox-regulated transcription factors
Affect production of cytokines & prostaglandins
NUTRIRIONAL MODULATION OF PERIODONTAL INFLAMMATION
I.
Selenium important redox functions
Selenium-dependent glutathione enzymes
Reduction of damaging lipid and phospholipid hydro peroxides
to harmless products
Periodontal disease progression increased plaque
and higher gingival index measurements
II.
Vitamins, Trace elements
Epithelial tissue integrity and structure
Periodontal health
III.
ώ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
(oily fish)
Increase the tissue concentrations of eicosapentaenoicacid, docosahexaenoicacid
↓ major inflammatory mediators PG E2, PG F2 alpha, LT B4 , PAF in gingival tissue
Down regulate inflammation
Bone destruction
PeriodontitisIV.
PREVENT PERIODONTITIS
Calcium
Antioxidants
higher intake of vegetables, berries, fruits/phytonutrient
supplementation
Vitamin D
MICRONUTRITIONAL APPROACH TO PERIODONTAL THERAPY
• Gene-diet interaction describes dietary modulation of the effect of genotype on a particular phenotype
• Effect of dietary changes on plasma biomarker concentrations differs significantly between individuals
• Inter-individual variability in response to dietary modification determined by genetic factors.
PERSONALIZED NUTRITION: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE
"If we could give every individual the right amountof nourishment and exercise, not too little and nottoo much, we would have found the safest way tohealth.”
"Leave your drugs in the chemist's pot if you canheal the patient with food."
- Hippocrates
CONCLUSION
THANK YOU