nutri prob

8/12/2019 Nutri Prob

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UTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

o PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

o LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

o XEROPHTHALMIA(VITAMIN-A DEFICIENCY

o NUTRITIONAL ANEMIAS

o IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

o FLUROSIS

o LATHYRISM

o OBESITY

o THIAMIN DEFICIENCY

o OTHER NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

0NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS-STATISTICS

The World Bank estimates that India is ranked ndin the !orld o" the n#m$er o" %hildren

s#""erin& "rom maln#trition

Undern#trition has $een estimated to $e hi&h in r#ral areas

'0 (er%ent o" )illa&es and distri%ts a%%o#ntin& "or *-+ (er%ent o" all #nder!ei&ht %hildren

%hildren o" s%hed#led tri$es ha)e the (oorest n#tritional stat#s and the hi&hest !astin&

Iodine de"i%ien%, is endemi% in + (er%ent o" distri%ts


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PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

PEM re"ers to the de"i%ien%, o" ener&, and (rotein in the $od,.

'-/ o" (res%hool %hildren in India s#""er "rom PEM.

MAIN CAUSES O PEM

NUTRITIONAL FACTORS

Non-$reast"ed

Late !eanin&

To1ins like a"loto1ins in "ood &rain

NON NUTRITIONAL FACTORS

Im(ro(er &ro!th monitorin&

Poor antenatal %are

Po)ert,

Lar&e "amil,

Nation !ide lo! "ood (rod#%tion and distri$#tion.

CLASSIICATION O PEM

MARASMUS 2de"i%ien%, o" (rotein and %alorie in diet3

4WAS5IOR4AR2de"i%ien%, o" (rotein in diet3

MARASMIC 4WAS5IOR4AR2%om$ination o" $oth3

Assessment o PEM

6ome7 Classi"i%ation


3/9

Wei&ht "or a&e 8 Wei&ht o" the %hild 9 '00

Wei&ht o" normal %hild o" the same a&e

Bet!een :0 ; ''0/ Normal N#tritional Stat#s

Bet!een * ; +:/ Mild maln#trition 2'stde&ree3

Bet!een


4/9

Birth !ei&ht $elo! the '0 th (er%entile "or the &estational a&e

CAUSATIE ACTORS

CLINICAL MANIESTATION O LBW

MANA6EMENT

Warmer %are

4MC

O1,&en thera(,

EBM "eedin&

Tea%h mother to re%o&ni7e dan&er si&ns

a%tors Modi",in& Pre)alen%e o" LBW

More Instit#tional deli)eries

Im(ro)in& No.o" ANCs 2minim#m ?3

Im(ro)in& D#alit, o" ANC

In%l#des No.o"ANCs TT !ei&ht BP e1amination o" $lood e1amination o" #rine

XEROPHTHALMIA(DRY EYE!

isease d#e to de"i%ien%, o" itamin A

Also Called 9eroma

BITOT"S SPOTS

Colle%tion o" dried e(itheli#m mi%ro or&anisms et%. "ormin& shin, &ra,ish !hite s(ot on the%ornea

#ERATOMALACIA

Ul%eration and so"tenin& o" Cornea and !astin& o" %ornea d#e to de"i%ien%, o" )itamin A


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NIGHT BLINDNESS

La%k o" retinal (i&ments %a#sin& late e)enin& )ision loss

B$%&te'&% B%$nness

S)o't te'm &*t$on; oral Administration o" lar&e dose o" itamin A 2retinol Palmitate3

Me$+m te'm &*t$on; ood "orti"i%ation !ith itamin A. E&aldaS#&arSaltTea et%

Lon, te'm &*t$on; Promote B %ons#m(tion o" 6reen Lea", e&eta$les Imm#nisation toin"e%tions

NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA

A Condition in !hi%h the 5$ %ontent o" $lood lo!er than normal as a res#lt o" a de"i%ien%, o"one or more essential n#trients

Primaril, d#e to la%k o" a$sor$a$le iron in the diet

Ca#ses o" Iron de"i%ien%, anemia

InadeF#ate intake o" iron

Poor $ioa)aila$ilit, 2onl, less than (er%ent is a$sor$ed3

E1%essi)e loss o" iron 2menstr#ation ra(id (re&nan%ies hook!orm in"estations other illnesses3

E""e%ts o" anemiaIn%reases the risk o" maternal and "etal mortalit, and mor$idit,

In%rease s#s%e(ti$ilit, to in"e%tion d#e to im(aired %ell#lar res(onse and imm#ne "#n%tions

Red#%tion o" !ork (er"orman%e and (rod#%ti)it,

Inter)entions

o Iron and "oli% a%id s#((lementation

o N#tritional anemia (ro(h,la1is (ro&ramme 2dail, e G "oli% a%id s#((lementation toPre&nant Women la%tatin& mothers G Children #nder ' ,ears3

o Iron "orti"i%ation - orti"i%ation o" salt !ith iron

o Control o" (arasite and n#trition ed#%ation


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IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (IDD!

I re"ers to a s(e%tr#m o" disa$lin& %onditions arisin& "rom an $n&e+&te $et&'. $nt&/e o

$o$ne0

I a""e%ts the health o" h#mans "rom "etal sta&e to ad#lthood

CAUSES OF IDD

e"i%ient iodine Intake ; Cons#min& "oods !ith lo! Iodine %ontent Cro(s &ro!n in iodinede(leted soil

In%reased demand "or Iodine in the $od, ; emand o" Iodine is in%reased d#rin& the sta&e o"

ra(id &ro!th 2In"an%, P#$ert, (re&nan%, la%tation3 emand e1%eeds s#((l, res#lts in

de"i%ien%,.

Presen%e o" 6oitro&ens ; &oiter (rod#%in& s#$stan%es nat#rall, (resent in some "oods 2%a$$a&e

%a#li"lo!er et%.3 inter"ere !ith Iodine #tili7ation

IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (IDD!

Enem$* Go$te'

C'et$n$sm

Enem$* Go$te'

Also %alled er$,shire Ne%k

Enlar&ement o" th,roid &land %a#sin& s!ellin& in "ront (art o" the ne%k

#e to la%k o" iodine in the diet

6oiter $elt ; 5imala,an re&ion

6raded "rom 0 ; =

Common amon& &irls than $o,s

C'et$n$sm

Se)ere "orm o" I

O%%#rs d#rin& "etal sta&e


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Inter"ere !ith $rain de)elo(ment %a#sin& $rain dama&e and death

Res#lt in 6ro!th "ail#re MR S(ee%h and hearin& de"e%ts

FLUROSIS

O%%#rs d#e to %ons#m(tion o" e1%essi)e amo#nt o" "l#orine thro#&h drinkin& !ater

T!o t,(es o" "l#rosis

ental l#rosis

Skeletal "l#rosis

Pre)ention o" l#rosis

4ee( the drinkin& !ater "l#orine le)el $elo! 'm&Hlit

e"lo#ridation o" !ater #sin& Nal&onda Te%hniF#e 2lo%%#lation Sedimentation G "iltration3

Pre)ent #se o" "l#oride tooth(aste in areas o" endemi% "l#rosis

e"i%ien%, o" "l#rine

LATHYRISMisease o%%#r $, %ons#min& lar&e F#antities o" L&t).'+s s&t$1+s 24esari dhal3

Lath,rism in h#man is re"erred as Ne#rolath,rism

The disease (resents as Cri((lin& disease o" ner)o#s s,stem %hara%teri7ed $, &rad#all,de)elo(in& s(asti% (aral,sis o" lo!er lim$s

o It %ontains a to1in %alled Beta o1al,l amino Alanine 2BOAA3

o Lath,r#s 4esari hal is &ood so#r%e o" (rotein.Inter)ention

Remo)al o" to1in

Stee2$n, met)o

Soakin& the (#lse in hot !ater "or a$o#t ho#rs and the soaked !ater is drained o""

%om(letel,

Genet$* A22'o&*)

e)elo(ment o" lo! to1in )arieties o" Lath,r#s

B&nn$n, t)e *'o2

The Pre)ention o" "ood ad#lteration a%t in India has $anned Lath,r#s in all "orms


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OBESITY

o Most Pre)alent "orm o" maln#trition

o A$normal &ro!th o" adi(ose tiss#e d#e to enlar&ement o" "at %ells25,(ertro(hi%3In%reasein no. o" "at %ells 2h,(er(lasi%3or Com$ination o" $oth

oO$esit, - When the $od, !ei&ht is 0/ more than the desira$le !ei&ht.

o O)er !ei&ht - When the $od, !ei&ht is $et!een '0-0/ more than the desira$le !ei&ht

F&*to's *ont'$3+t$n, to o3es$t.

CLASSIFICATION OF OBESITY

EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON HEALTH

CONTROL OF OBESITY

OT5ER NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

RIBOLAIN EICIENCJ

NIACIN2ITAMINB>3-PELLA6RA

ITAMIN-C EICIENCJ 2SCURJ3

ITAMIN- EICIENCJ

ITAMIN 4 EICIENCJ

EATING DISORDERS

K Anore1ia Ner)osa

K B#limia

K Bin&e Eatin& isorder


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COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES

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