nutracid slow-release€¦ · direct way by easing infections for example. similar to butyric acid,...
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nutracid slow-release | the force within | 1
THE FORCE WITHIN
Essential Oils • Acids & Salts • Nucleotides
Nutracid Slow-release
NO
O
OH
OH
OH
OP
N
N
NNH
2
OH
Sorbic acid
0
1
2
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10
Stomach Prox.Jejunum
Distaljejunum
Ileum Caecum Colon
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (µ
mo
l/g
DM
)
Negative control
Nutracid Essential
Free components
a aaaaaaaaaa
b
bb
bb
b
b
Matrix of triglycerides
Nutriënt
Nutriënt
Essential oils
Stomach Prox.Jejunum
Distaljejunum
Ileum Caecum Colon
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (n
mo
l/g
DM
)
Negative control
Nutracid Essential
Free components
a aaaa
bb
b
b
0
50
100
150
200
Effect on caecal microflora
Lactic acid bacteria Coli spp.
Log
cfu
/g fa
eces
Negative control
Nutracid Essential
Free components
5
7.5
10
12.5
a
b
a
b
bb
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n Slow release technology
DESCRIPTION
The active components are embedded in a matrix of vegetable triglycerides. Therefore, the major part will only be released after degradation of the fat matrix by pancreatic lipases, thus preventing an immediate absorption of the active components, while ensuring their action throughout the entire gastro-intestinal tract.
SLOW-RELEASE DEMONSTRATED IN PIGLETS
Treatments
9 Control feed 9 Control feed + Nutracid Essential 9 Control feed + free acids + essential oils + fat(Feed administrered during 2 weeks before slaughter)
Measured parameters
9 Sections of the gastro-intestinal tract are isolated after slaughtering. Their content is used for chemical and microbiological analysis.
9 Markers: sorbic acid and essential oils
FIGuRE 1: SLOW RELEASE TECHNOLOGY
FIGuRE 2: SORBIC ACID
FIGuRE 3: ESSENTIAL OILS FIGuRE 4: EFFECT ON CAECAL MICROFLORA
n Nutracid product range
PROTECTO FOCuS ESSENTIAL INTESTIM
Act
ive
com
pone
nts Malic acid
Citric acidPhosphoric acidFumaric acidSorbic acid
Calcium formateCalcium propionateFumaric acidPotassium sorbate
Malic acidCitric acidFumaric acidSorbic acidEssential oils
Calcium butyrateNucleotides
Dos
age Piglets 2-3 kg / ton
Layers 0.6-1 kg / ton
Broilers 0,2-0,5 kg / ton Piglets 0,5-1 kg / ton
Pigs 1 kg / ton Piglets 0,5-1 kg / ton Pigs (20-40 kg) 0,5 kg / ton
Sows 1-2 kg/ ton Pigs 0,25-0,5 kg / ton Pigs (40-105 kg) 0,2 kg / ton
Effec
t Improved production Increased resistance against pathogens
Improved production Increased resistance against pathogens
Improved productionIncreased resistance against pathogens
OH
NO
O
OH
OH
OH
OP
N
N
NNH
2
OH
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n Active components
ORGANIC ACIDS AND SALTS
Since many years, acidifiers are in use in piglet feeds in order to lower the buffering capacity. Additionall y, acids and their salts are incorporated to limit the microbial contamination of the feed. Moreover, in vitro research and animal trials indicate that high dosages of organic acids modulate the intestinal flora.
ESSENTIAL OILS
Essential oils are well known to exert several positive effects in animal nutrition, such as stimulating feed intake and digestive fluids, antioxidant function, immunomodulation and an antimicrobial effect.
They consist of a diverse group of volatile, aromatic oils obtained from plants or herbs by steam destillation or extraction. Essential oil products are often very complex mixtures that can contain more than 60 different structures.
The large variation that occurs in their composition and efficiency is explained by differences in the harvest season, the geographical origin, the plant segment, the method of production, etc. This results in a clear advantage to the use of purified major components or nature-identical synthetic products.
NuCLEOTIDES
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, but also of numerous enzymes and co-enzymes, therefore playing a major role in metabolism.
In animals, nucleotides are considered as semi-essential nutrients as animals are capable of de novo synthesis of nucleotides, or they can recover nucleotides from breakdown products or from their diet. The latter is known as the “salvage pathway” and requires less energy and is therefore preferred by the animal's metabolism.
In rapidly dividing tissues, a relative shortage of nucleotides can occur. Supplementing nucleotides through the feed can overcome this and stimulate the functioning of the two main rapidly dividing tissues: the gastro-intestinal tract and the immune system.
NOO
OH
OH
OH
OP
N
N
NNH
2
OH
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n Mode of action
pH-EFFECT: organic acids
Just like inorganic acids, organic acids dissociate in aqueous solution which decreases the pH of the environment. For most bacteria, a pH of 2 has a bactericidal effect.
SELECTIVE BACTERIOSTATIC EFFECT: organic acids & essential oils
Undissociated organic acids have hydrophobic properties which enable them to penetrate the lipophilic cell or mitochondrial wall; or to reside within the cell membrane thereby exerting a bacteriostatic effect on pH-sensitive bacteria such as Salmonella en E. coli.
POSITIVE EFFECT ON THE INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY: butyric acid & nucleotides
Butyric acid is a source of energy for intestinal epithelial cells. It also stimulates the production of growth factors such as IGF-I, its binding proteins and its receptors.
Furthermore, butyric acid interacts directly at the level of multiplication and metabolism of the intestinal wall cells. This results in an increased cell growth in the crypt and in decreased cell death at the top of the villi.
As a building block of DNA and RNA, exogenous nucleotides stimulate cell growth in the intestinal wall which results in longer villi, thereby increasing their absorption capacity.
Both components result in longer villi and more optimally functioning enterocytes.
FIGuRE 5: EFFECT ON THE INTERNAL pH OF A PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
• AH: undissociated acid• EO: essential oil AH
AH
A-
[A-] pH
H+
EO
disturbed cell metabolism
pH
energy consumption
disturbed functioning of the cell membrane
AH
H+
cell
wall EO AH CELL MEM
BRA
NE
CA
LCIu
M B
uTY
RAT
E
Nu
CLEO
TID
ESNO
O
OH
OH
OH
OP
N
N
NNH
2
OH
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STRONGER INTESTINAL DEFENSE: butyric acid & nucleotides
Butyric acid helps guarantee an intact intestinal wall, limiting undesirable translocation of bacteria from the intestinal content towards animal tissues. It also influences the immune system in a more direct way by easing infections for example.
Similar to butyric acid, exogenous nucleotides help guarantee an intact intestinal wall, limiting the incoming flow of bacteria towards the tissues. Moreover, nucleotides modulate the immune system, as detectable in antibody levels and proper functioning of lymphocytes.
INTESTINAL EPITHELIuM DAMAGED INTESTINAL EPITHELIuM
brush border: microvilli
“tight junction”: contact surface between the
intestinal epithelial cells
transcellular transport (e.g. nutrients)
paracellular transport (e.g. bacteria and toxins)
INTESTINAL WALLintestinal epithelial cells: Enterocytes & goblet cells
increased paracellular transport (e.g. bacteria and toxins)
FIGuRE 6: INTESTINAL CONTENT
SLOW VILLI GROWTH
Decreased regeneration of enterocytes and a weakened local resistance lead to digestive disorders
Undigested nutrients are a substrate for the intestinal flora
FAST VILLI GROWTH
The nutrients are efficiently absorbed
Pathogens are eliminated by the immune system
The brush border enzymes are abundantly liberated into the lumen
Bacteriostatic effect on pH-sensitive bacteria
Less apoptosis of fully developped enterocytes
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n Animal trials
Table 1: NUTRaCID PROTeCTO
Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FC
Piglets • day 1-14 / day 15-44
Acid A 5000 266 1.95
N. Protecto 2000 289 1.87
N. Protecto / Acid A 2000/2000 2500/- 288 1.92
Acid B 10 000 279 1.98
Pigs • 20-40 kg
N. Protecto 1000 579 2.04
Salinomycin 60 572 2.06
Table 2: NUTRaCID eSSeNTIal
Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FC
Piglets
Free acids 5000 379 1.88
N. Essential 1000 393 1.83
Piglets
Salinomycin 60 433 1.61
N. Essential 500 442 1.59
Finishing pigs
Neg. control - 700 3.04
N. Essential 400/250 716 3.03
N. Essential 800/500 742 3.02
N. Essential 1200/750 744 3.00
Table 4: NUTRaCID FOCUS
dasage (pmm) weight (g) FC FC2kg
Broilers
Avilamycin 10 2067 1.61 1.58
N. Focus 600 2126 1.61 1.56
Broilers • day 1-30 / day 30-42
Avilamycin 10/10 2061 1.67 1.64
Avilamycin • N. Focus 10/- -/600 2082 1.65 1.61
Table 3: NUTRaCID eSSeNTIal
Dosage (ppm) weight (g) FC FC2kg
Broilers • day 1-44
Avilamycin 10 2551 1.75 1.53
N. Essential 300 2559 1.74 1.51
Broilers • day 15-43
Avilamycin 10 2275 1.81 1.70
N. Essential 300 2336 1.79 1.66
Broilers • day 1-14 / 15-42
Lactic acid +/+ 2307 1.77 1.65
Y-mos / N. Essential 1500/500 300/200 2379 1.76 1.61
MCFA 2000/1000 2315 1.80 1.67
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Table 5: NUTRaCID INTeSTIM
Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FC
Piglets 8-22 kg • KU Leuven • Belgium
Negative control - 319 1.93
Nutracid InteStim 1000 335 1.90
Ca butyrate 70 1000 289 2.09
Piglets 8-22 kg • KU Leuven • Belgium
Negative control - 388 1.44
Nutracid InteStim 500 403 1.40
Nutracid Essential 500 390 1.39
Piglets 8-22 kg • KU Leuven • Belgium
Prestarter / starter Negative control 1000/500 ppm Nutracid IteStim 2% / 1% fibre source
BODY WEIGHT (KG)
Day -7 6.6 6.6 6.4
Day 1 8.2 8.6 8.0
Day 41 21.9 23.6 21.0
GROWTH (G/DAY)
Day -7 to day 1 229 286 229
Day 1 to day 41 332 366 317
Day -7 to day 41 326 362 311
FEED CONVERSION
Day 1 to day 41 2.18 1.98 2.13
LITTER SCORE
Day 1 to day 19 3.30 2.90 2.65
Fattening pigs 24 - 110 kg • KU Leuven • Belgium
Dosage (ppm) Growth (g/day) FCNegative control - 741 3.19
Nutracid InteStim 500 / 200 747 3.07
Nucleotiden + Ca butyrate 250 + 250 / 150 +150 747 3.11
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Nutrex NV • Achterstenhoek 5 • 2275 Lille • Belgium • Tel +32 14 88 31 11 • [email protected] • www.nutrex.be
NutracidSlow-release
NXNUTRACID20100301E - V1
n Research & InnovationOur multidisciplanary team of nutrition professionals combines scientific reasearch with hands-on experience to translate their knowledge into workable solutions, adjusted to our customers’ needs. All of our products and applications are the result of intensive research and development, in-house as well as in close cooperation with customers, universities and research institutes around the world.
We are constantly alert to emerging trends and receptive to input from our customers and partners. A continuous screening of scientific information unveils new opportunities to create innovative products and solutions.
n Quality & SafetyOur internal quality assurance system provides us with a transparant organisation, efficient procedures and ensures we’re a reliable partner to our customers. Our quality control, based on GMP standards, makes our products fully traceable and safe for animal, man and environment.
n Flexibility & Customer ServiceWe aim to offer flexible solutions in all aspects of our business, touching anything from tailor-made products to providing nutritional advice, aid with product registration procedures and logistical support.
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