NUS Libraries: Open Access Week 2017

Harmen van Paradijs

October 24, 2017

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NUS OA Week 2017/ 241017

Who is Springer Nature?

In May 2015

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The Springer Nature journal portfolio3,000 journals publishing more than 340,000 articles per year

• More than 3,000 journals:

− 2,800 journals in the Research division, thereof 1,800 hybrid, 600 full OA, and 400 subscription journals

− 200 journals in the Professional division (incl. more B2B type publications)

• More than 344,000 articles p.a.:

− 55% in hybrid, 25% in subscription and 20% in OA journals

• 10 out of the Top 25 primary research journals by Impact Factor are Nature-branded journals

Hybrid55%

Subscrip-tion25%

Full OA20%

Number of 2016 articles by business model

344k articles

3

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The OA market, then and now…

2000 2017

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Fully open access journals: key playersSpringer Nature is the clear market leader

Sources: Publisher web sites, CrossRef; excludes articles in hybrid journals; Springer Nature: ORG excl. Nature Communications 2012-14; Copernicus numbers for 2016 estimated

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

Taylor & Francis

OUP

Copernicus

Wiley

Elsevier

Frontiers

Hindawi

MDPI

PLOS

Springer Nature

Number of articles in fully OA journals in 2016

5

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5

1.0

OA – The Basics

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What is open access?

Open access is the free, unrestricted online access to scholarly research

http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm

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The many facets of Open Access Publishing

‘Full’ Open Access

• Whole journal is

published Open Access

‘Green’ Open Access

• Self-archiving of

author manuscript on author website, institutional or

subject-based repositories

‘Gold’ Open Access

• Article freely

available from publisher website

‘Hybrid’ Open Access

• Article level Open

Access option in subscription journals

‘Delayed’ Open Access

• Articles made freely

available to non-subscribers after a certain period, usually

12 or 24 months

Author Payment

• Author/funder/institution

pays for publishing

Sponsored

• Journal sponsored by a

non-profit institution or organization

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Creative Commons Licenses

Source: http://copyright.ubc.ca/guidelines-and-resources/support-guides/creative-commons/

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OA funds by world regionFunding concentrated in Europe

Source: Springer Nature OA funding & policy database

65

196 2 4

35

68

4 3

52

169

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Funders Instns Funders Instns Funders Instns Funders Instns Funders Instns Funders Instns

Europe North America Asia Australia andOceania

Africa International

# A

PC

fu

nd

s

Block grant / consortium fundonly only

Both institutional funds andblock grant / consortium fund

Institutional fund only

OA funders

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79.6% 76.1%

61.2%

45.5%

18.6%

2.2%1.4%

1.4%

6.5%

5.9%

1.1%

0.0%

1.0%

5.7%

30.4%

0.4%

0.0%

1.0%

0.8% 2.9%

5.8%

2.8%

5.7% 21.1% 25.5%

3.6%12.7%

18.2%

10.6%

15.7%

7.3% 7.0%11.5% 9.8%

1.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

China Japan United States Germany United Kingdom

Sources of APC funding for last OA publication

I used my own personal funds

Other*

Dedicated OA funds from institution

Funder/institution’s OA membership with the publisher

Funder OA block grant, distributed byinstitution

Dedicated OA funds from main research funder

Main grant funds

(275) (71) (209) (123) (102)

*“Other” includes categories “Dedicated open access funds from an organisation that is not my main research funder/institution”, “My co-author(s) funds (from their own funder, institutional or personal funding)”, and “Other”.

Data from Springer Nature OA policy, funding and payments survey, Feb-March 2016

Authors’ sources of APC funding – survey dataMost Chinese and Japanese authors rely on main grant funding to pay APCs, while UK authors more likely to use block grant OA funding from their research funder or institutional APC funds

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OA policies and funding from national research councilsNorthern Europe backing gold OA; North America and Australia favour self-archiving; China somewhere in-between

InternationalOA mandate and APC funding: European Commission, ERC, GRC, WHO

National research council policies

OA mandate + dedicated APC funding

No mandate, dedicated APC funding

OA mandate + APC funding via research grants

Green OA (self-archiving) mandate, no APC funding

National OA repository scheme

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OA policies and funding from national research councilsNorthern Europe backing gold OA; North America and Australia favour self-archiving; China somewhere in-between

InternationalOA mandate and APC funding: European Commission, ERC, GRC, WHO

National research council policies

OA mandate + dedicated APC funding

No mandate, dedicated APC funding

OA mandate + APC funding via research grants

Green OA (self-archiving) mandate, no APC funding

National OA repository scheme

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Impact Factor journals: Open Access market share

Subscription Journals

87%

"Full" OA Journals: Author

Pays9%

"Full" OA Journals:

Sponsored4%

Number of Articles in Journal Citation Reports 2013

Subscription journals include:• ‘Hybrid‘ Journals (OA

articles: 2% of all articles)• ‘Delayed’ OA Journals (6%

of all articles)

Sources: Journal Citation Reports 2013;DOAJ; Laakso and Björk: Anatomy of open access publishing: a study oflongitudinal development and internal structure, BMC Medicine 2012

14

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Directory of Open Access Journals

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Number of journals

Source: retrieved on Oct 13, 2017 from doaj.org

15

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The OA – HSS contradiction(s)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Paid

Free

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

SSCI SCIE

OA

Sub

There are many more HSS journals (vs BioMed or STEM),However, most are ‘free’/do not charge an APC.

Very few HSS journals are listed in SSCI/JCR, and a very small number are OA (and have an Impact Factor)

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2.0

Author perceptions

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Author insights survey: attitudes towards open access

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Author insights survey: attitudes towards open access

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2.0

The Benefits of OA publishing

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• Immediate online access

• Increased visibility

• Citation advantage

• Accelerated science

• Collaboration

• Reproducibility

Find out more: http://preview.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/benefits

Open access: the benefits:

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Increased visibility/more downloads:

Source:http://image.slidesharecdn.com/creativecommonsapetalkjan2015-150224043812-conversion-gate02/95/why-the-wellcome-trust-supports-the-ccby-licence-9-638.jpg?cb=1424774413

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Citation Advantage

Sources: McKiernan et al: eLife 2016;5:e16800, https://sparceurope.org/what-we-do/open-access/sparc-europe-open-access-resources/open-access-citation-advantage-service-oaca//

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3.0

Singapore

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Singapore: Article output growth

Number of articles published 2007-2016

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Source: Thomson Reuters InCites.

Average Annual Growth Rate (CAGR): 9%

Global Average Annual Growth in Article Output

(CAGR)

North America 2.5%

Western Europe 3.4%

Asia-Pacific 8.0%

Middle East 9.3%

Latin America 7.0%

2564 OA articles were published in 2016 (16%)

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Singapore OA output per discipline (2016)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

26

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Top 10 journals where researchers from Singapore published

Source : Thomson Reuters InCites; 2012-2016

Articles Published in ISI-listed Journals 2012 to 2016

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4.0

OA Books

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OA BOOKS LANDSCAPE

Smaller players• UCL Press

• Open Book Publishers

• Ubiquity Press

Big players• InTech• De Gruyter• Springer Nature

* Major commercial publishers

Elsevier and Wiley still do not have OA books programmes.

Alternative business models

• Crowdfunding (unglue.it)• Consortia for libraries

(Knowledge Unlatched)• Freemium model

(OpenEditions)• Mixed funding (Luminos)

Retrospective OA• Brill

• Knowledge Unlatched

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• The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)* lists 1,135 titles published in 2016.

• This is slightly less than compared with 2015 (1,137 titles), however, this could be due to an indexing backlog for titles published in 2016.

• As of Jun 2017, DOAB lists 326 books published 2017; this is again probably an underestimate due to indexing backlogs.

OA books market

725

1137 1135

326

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2014 2015 2016 2017 YTD

# O

A b

oo

ks

Year of publication

# OA books in DOAB (09/06/2017)

*Not all OA book publishers index their OA titles in DOAB, so this is not a full representation of OA book market.

Data from http://www.doabooks.org/doab (June 2017)

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OA BOOKS OUTPUT (2016)Springer Nature ranks third in OA books output for 2016, although second if discounting Frontiers, which repackages journal content.

Publication totals taken from publishers’ own platforms where available (e.g. where OA and date filters present), or from DOAB / OAPEN library metadata. In some cases 2016 totals for publishers are provisional, as they may be behind in indexing content to DOAB/OAPEN.

8

9

10

13

14

15

16

16

16

21

22

24

25

26

27

57

71

144

270

282

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Oxford University Press

Bloomsbury Academic

University of Calgary Press

Manchester University Press

University of Michigan Press

Athabasca University Press

University of California Press

Punctum Books

UCL Press

Amsterdam University Press

Open Book Publishers

Ledizioni

Böhlau

Brill

Göttingen University Press

De Gruyter

MDPI

Springer Nature

Frontiers Media SA

InTech Open

OA books published 2016 Top 20 competitors by volume, data collected June 2017

NotesFrontiers and MDPI both repackage journal content as "books"

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• We have identified 18 funders and 46 institutions which formally make funding available for OA books.

• Dedicated OA books funding is concentrated in North America and Europe.

• Many of these OA books funders are national research councils.

• However, funding for OA books and chapters is sometimes also available via department funds and other less formal routes.

Data from Springer Nature OA funding and policy database (04/10/2017).

Research funders providing OA books funding include:• Austrian Science Fund (FWF) – up to €18,000• Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research

(NWO) – up to €6,000 (ending Jan 2018)• Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)• Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social

Sciences• Wellcome Trust (and also Wellcome Library OA fund)• Research Councils UK (RCUK)

2

16

28

16

2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Africa

Europe

North America

Europe

North America

Inst

itu

tio

nal

fun

ds

OA

fun

der

s

OA monograph funding sources worldwide - institutional funds and OA funders

Funders

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Published under two imprints:

- SpringerOpen

- Palgrave OA Books

All book types accepted:

• Monographs

• Edited volumes

• Proceedings

• SpringerBriefs

All ebook versions are made OA:

• PDF, ePUB

BPC (Book Processing Charge)

• covers all the costs of commissioning, production, dissemination and promotion and the release of the book under a CC BY licence

Open access books at Springer Nature

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• OA by the chapter offers authors another route to widening the dissemination of their research

• On publication, the OA chapter is free to access under a Creative Commons license

• OA chapters are available from both SpringerLink and the Directory of Open Access Books

Open access chaptersBack cover indicates OA chapter

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• We use the industry “gold standard” Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 License as default

• Authors retain copyright for their work

• Readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and alter, transform, or build upon the material, including for commercial use, as long as the author(s) are credited

• CC BY is the licence preferred by many funders

• Alternative Creative Commons licencesare available on request

Open access licensing and copyright retention

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Professional and rigorous peer-review process

• All open access content adheres to the high standards expected of all Springer Nature titles

• Reviewers are not informed that the book will be published OA so this does not affect their judgment

• OA books undergo the same rigorous peer-review process, copyediting and proofreading services as all our books and journals

• OA books selected for inclusion in the NCBI Bookshelf undergo an additional round of peer-review by the Bookshelf committee

High standards

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We can:

• Provide personal information on the open access funds available to you.

• Direct you to the correct open access funding coordinator at your institution/ funding body.

• Provide advice about compliance with funders’ and institutions’ open access policies.

• Supply you with the information and advice required to complete an open access funding application.

Open access funding support service

Public list of OA funding sources and links to funder/institutional OA policies:https://www.springeropen.com/about/oa-funding-and-policy-support/funding-for-oa-booksPersonal funding and policy advice by email:OAfundingandpolicy@springernature.com

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• We have published 388 Open Access books so far.

• Most of our publications are in Humanities and Social Sciences, followed by Physical Sciences/Engineering and Business Economics/Political Sciences.

What we’ve published so far: Snapshot

715

26

27

29

37

57

76

113

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Human Sciences

Physical Sciences/Engineering

Business Economics/PoliticalSciences

Mathematics/ComputerSciences

Life Sciences

Apress

German Language Science

Biomedicine

Clinical Medicine

Healthcare

OA books publications all time to date by subject

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• The OA books team will deposit books in the Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) and may submit relevant titles for consideration by PMC’s NCBI Bookshelf. Wellcome Trust titles are automatically included in Bookshelf.

• SpringerOpen books are also included in Web of Science and Scopus

• All SpringerOpen books are automatically included in Springer eBook Collections

Visibility and impact

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Increased downloads

7780

36728

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

All non-OA Books [14527] OA Books [176]

average downloads – 2015 & 2016

OA books achieve 7x more downloads on SpringerLink compared to non-OA books

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- Publishing Editor contacts Associate Professor Arul Chib (of NTU) to discuss possible book projects

- Arul mentions he is working on a book to come out of the IDRC funded project

- Publishing editor mentions the Open Access book option at Springer

(First!) Singapore OA title

2012

2013

2014

2015

- Proposal received, which is peer-reviewed. Contract signed.

- Manuscript is peer-reviewed and put into production

- book is published and launched at SIRC conference

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- 47k downloads to date

- 7 citations

- 65 social media mentions (Altmetrics)

Results

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- Book proposal/publication with a bulk of 1000 copies: Curaj et al, European higher Education at the Crossroads (2012)

- More books were expected from Bologna Process Researchers’ Conference

- Springer editor informed them of OA book possibility (2013)

- Funds spent on buying 1000 copies bulk purchase is redirected to OA book processing charge

- Latest book (The European Higher Education Area) reached over 280,000 downloads since publication in 2015

Another example:

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43

5.0

Beyond Open Access

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“making research more transparent, more collaborative and more efficient”*

From Open Access to Open Research

*Source: Wikipedia, adapted

• Beyond open access• Not just journals, books too!• Broader than “open science”• Inclusive of HSS• Open data• Collaboration tools• Open peer review

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Successful Open Access?

Support from governments

and institutions who back open

access

Funders who fund APCs

Authors who are willing to

publish via open access

A publisher providing

authors with a wide range of

attractive publishing

options

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46

The story behind the image

John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)

John Maynard Keynes was a British economist who revolutionised the theory and practice of macroeconomics, reformed economics and had a profound influence on economic policy. This illustration represents the Keynesian model which shows that in a monetary economy it is possible to have periods of high unemployment unless governments use active monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate aggregate demand.

Thank you

Questions?

Harmen.vanparadijs@springernature.com

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FULLY OPEN ACCESS JOURNALSThe volume of articles published in fully OA journals indexed in the JCR grew by 12.5% from 2014 to 2015

1,173 1,206

2014 2015

# Titles

182 204

2014 2015

tho

usa

nd

s

# Articles

2,411

2,907

2014 2015

tho

usa

nd

s

# Citations

+2.8%+12.5%

+20.6%

Complete JCR Database (incl. additions and cessations)

Graph produced by Springer Nature, data from 2014 and 2015 JCR. Note that "OA" shows articles published in fully OA journals only.

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FULLY OA JOURNALS VS. HYBRID AND SUBSCRIPTIONGrowth in article volume is higher in fully OA journals than in hybrids/ subscription titles

Complete JCR Database (incl. additions and cessations)

175 197

1,151 1,186

2014 2015

tho

usa

nd

s

# Articles in STM journals

OA Non OA

+12.6%

6 7

102 106

2014 2015th

ou

san

ds

# Articles in HSS journals

OA Non OA

+3.0%

+4.3%

+3.7%

+4.1%

+11%

Graph produced by Springer Nature, data from 2014 and 2015 JCR.Note that "OA" shows articles published in fully OA journals, while “Non OA” includes all articles published in hybrid and subscription titles, including some OA articles published in hybrids.

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PUBLICATIONS IN FULLY OA JOURNALS BY DISCIPLINE (STEM)Publication in fully OA journals is more common in the life and health sciences

Graph produced by Springer Nature, data from 2014 JCR, journals publishing in STEM discipline only. Note that some journals may have multiple disciplinary categories, and so their article content will appear in multiple categories within this graph.

3.94%

5.19%

5.21%

5.58%

8.47%

9.54%

11.11%

14.96%

15.04%

16.60%

74.56%

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00%

Computer Science (1769)

Chemistry (10480)

Materials Science (6439)

Engineering (12641)

Physics (15769)

Earth & Environmental Sciences (8708)

Mathematics & Statistics (6002)

Medicine (55434)

Agricultural & Biological Sciences (20054)

Biomedicine (41895)

Multidisciplinary Sciences (36448)

JOU

RN

AL

DIS

CIP

LIN

E

JCR 2014: % articles published in fully OA journals by journal discipline (STEM)

(n) = total articles in fully OA journals

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PUBLICATIONS IN FULLY OA JOURNALS BY DISCIPLINE (HSS)Publication in fully OA journals is most common in Education, Religion & Philosophy, and Psychology

Graph produced by Springer Nature, data from 2014 JCR, journals publishing in HSS discipline only. Note that some journals may have multiple disciplinary categories, and so their article content will appear in multiple categories within this graph.

1.26%

1.47%

1.48%

1.79%

2.44%

5.26%

6.71%

7.94%

8.05%

8.32%

0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00%

Political Science & International Studies (102)

Law & Criminology (85)

Business & Management (283)

History (88)

Economics & Finance (473)

Language & Linguisitics (240)

Social Sciences (3462)

Psychology (2945)

Religion & Philosophy (159)

Education (1150)

JOU

RN

AL

DIS

CIP

LIN

E

JCR 2014: % articles published in fully OA journals by journal discipline (HSS)

(n) = total articles in fully OA journals