DR. JAMES M. ALO, RN, MAN, MAP, PhD.

NURSING FUNDAMENTALS

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• Is the act of utilizing the environment of the px to assist his recovery.Nightingale(186

0)

• Is the dx & tx of human responses to actual or potential health problems

ANA (1980)

What is nursing?

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ROLES of the professional nurse1.Care

provider/rehabilitator

2. Comforter/counselor

3. Communicator

4. Educator/Teacher

5. Protector/ Client advocator

6. Manager7. Researcher

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STANDARDS of nsg practice1. Quality of care 2. Performance appraisal3. Education4. Collegiality

5. Ethics6. Collaboration7. Research8. Resource utiization

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Theorist Theory/Framework

Nightingale (1860)

Manipulating the px environment

Peplau (1952) Interpersonal processes4 overlapping phases: Orientation, Identificatin, Exploitation/explanation, Resolution

Henderson (1955)

14 basic needs: breath, eath/drink, eliminate, posture, sleep, dress, temperature, hygiene, communicate,, worship, work, play, learn & avoid dangeer.

Abdellah (1960)

Nursing is caring, intelligent, competent, & technically well-prepared serviceIdentified 21 specific cliet needs/nsg problems.

Orlando (1961) Nursing is interacting w/ client to meet immediate needs

THEORIES

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Hall (1962) Coined the term “nursing process”Nsg center on 3 components: CARE, CORE, & CURE

Levine (1966)

4 conservation principles: Conserve client energy, structural, personal, & social integrity

Johnson (1968)

Behavior system model: 7 Basic Needs; security, nurturance, nourishment, elimination, achievement, self-protection, sex.

Rogers (1970)

Science of Unitary Human Beings

Orem (1971) Self Care & Self Care Deficit Theory

King (1971) Goal Attainment Theory: 3 Dynamic interacting systems; personal, iinterpersonal, social

Neuman (1972)

Health Care system Model: goal of nsg is to assist client in stress(intra, inter, extra-personal) reduction via primary, secondary, tertiary levels of prevention

Patterson & Zderad (1976)

Humanistic Nsg Practice: requires participants to be aware of their “uniqueness” & @ the same time “commonality” w/ eaxh other. The essential characteristic is nurturance.

Leininger (1978)

Transcultural Nsg Model: values, beliefs, & practices

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Roy (1979) Adaptation Model: client as an adaptive system

Watson (1979)

Human Caring Model: transpersonal & humanistic

Parse (1981) Theory of Human Becoming: clients are open, mutual, & in constant interxn w/ environ.

Erickson (1983)

Modeling & Role-Modeling Theory: Nurses act a role model in nurturance

Benner (1989)

Caring is central in nsg, creating possibilities for coping & connecting w/ others.

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Ethics Study of good conduct, character & motives, determining the rightnes / wrongnes of an act

Morals Ones own personal beliefs, opinions, & attitudes that guide’s ones action.

Values Personal belief about the worth of a given idea,, attitude, appraisal of what is good.

Autonomy Independence or seld-governance

Beneficence Promoting good to others

Malefi cence Harm or hurt

Nonmaleficence Avoidance of harm

Confidentiality Repect for clients’ privacy

Fidelity Agreement to keep promises

Distributive justice

Allocation of goods/services accdg to: equality, need, merit

Principle of double effect

Promoting good but involving some expected unavoidable harm.

ETHICAL CONCEPTS that apply to nsg practice

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Safeguards the clients right to

privacySafeguard the cient & the public

Assumes responsibility &

acountability

Maintains competence

Exercises informed judgment

Provides services w/ respect

Contribute to ongoing

development

Imporve standards of nsg.

Maintain conditiond of employment

Protect the public from misinformation

Collaborates w/ members of the

health team

11 Code of ethics for nurses

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LEGAL CONCEPTS

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Examples of Crime vs. Tort

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Other Torts: Negligence/ Malpractice

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NURSES RIGHTS

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NURSES LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

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HEALTH, WELLNESS, & ILLNESS

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Models of Health

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4 Attributes of Human Being

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HEALTH PROMOTION

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3 Levels of Illness Prevention

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THE NURSING PROCESS

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Anything written/printed relied on as a record of proof.

Purposes:Communication,assessment & auditing of care,legal documentation, financial billing, educ of students, statistic & research.

DOCUMENTATION

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Legal guidelines when recording

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Types of Records

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HEALTH ASSESSMENT

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TemperatureVITAL SIGNS

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BLOOD PRESSURE

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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

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MODES OF EXAMINATION

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OTHER things to remember during PE

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PX POSITIONS & DRAPINGS

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POSITIONING

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PHARMACOLOGY

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PRINCIPLES in DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

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PARENTERAL MEDS(by needle/injection)

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PARENTERAL INJECTIONS

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FIGURE

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MEDS COMPUTATIONS

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CALCULATIONS

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Thank you.-Dr. J.M. Alo