nursing assistant nutrition. bodys need for food & fluids provide energy for daily living &...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nursing Assistant
Nutrition
![Page 2: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Body’s need for food & fluids
Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions
Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide necessary substances for
regulation of bodily fluids
![Page 3: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nutrition
Science of foods & their relationship to health– Essential to good health– Composed of sufficient nutrients to meet
the body’s requirements
![Page 4: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Common Nutrients
Carbohydrates– Grains– Pastas– Breads– Cereals– Fruits – Vegetables
![Page 5: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Proteins
Eggs Milk Meat Fish Nuts Poultry
![Page 6: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fats
Oils Cream Cheese Meat fats Butter
![Page 7: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Vitamins
Vegetables Fruits Milk
![Page 8: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Minerals
Eggs Dried fruit Potatoes Fish Milk
![Page 9: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dietary fiber
Raw fruits Raw vegetables Whole grains
![Page 10: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fluids
Water Juices Other beverages
![Page 11: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Food Pyramid
www.mypyramid.gov Serving sizes based on age, gender, &
activity level
![Page 12: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Vegan
Vegetarian AND no animal by products Check www.mypyramid.gov for
specifics
![Page 13: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Special nutrient needs of elderly
Age related changes– Fewer calories needed, decreased activity– Digestive disturbances = add vitamins & minerals– Meds may interfere with digestion & nutrient use– Poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures– Ability to taste decreased– Many common diseases interfere with eating & or the
ability to use nutrients– Social isolation = interference with appetite
Food allergies – know status & check for additives (peanuts, shellfish, wheat)
![Page 14: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Therapeutic diets
Low sodium Diabetic Low fat Liquid
– Full liquid– Clear liquid– Thickened liquids– Nectar thick– Honey thick
![Page 15: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Special consistency diets
Mechanical soft Pureed Soft
![Page 16: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Responsibilities of nursing assistant Check that residents receive diets ordered,
check arm bands with tray Report any diet related problems –
preferences, difficulties, N & V, anorexia Assist drs & nurses to evaluate fluid balance,
accurate I & O Calculate food intake according to facility, if
eats all, eats 100% Offer alternate menu with refusal If alternate refused, report to licensed nurse
![Page 17: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Technique for feeding
Provide comfortable & enjoyable atmosphere– Sit at eye level– Maintain a positive attitude when feeding
Provide assistance if needed Serve residents in room if unable to join
others in dining area (best choice is dining area)
Alternate liquid & solid food
![Page 18: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Steps
Wash hands Check diet card for name, diet order, special
instructions, & allergies Make sure food matches info on card Remove tray from food cart, see that all items are
there Knock & pause before entering room Introduce self Check armband Explain procedure
![Page 19: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Steps cont.
Lower side rail Place tray on overbed table If in dining room, remove food items & place
on table – remove tray Place a towel or clothing protector Remove plate cover Seat yourself at eye level Arrange food, butter bread, season food
![Page 20: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Steps cont Describe or show food before giving it to resident Use adaptive devices as indicated Use straws & thickeners as indicated Offer small portions of solids ( no more than ½
spoonful) Alternate solids & liquids Ask what they would like Put food on unaffected side of mouth Monitor for pocketing & swallowing difficulties Remove tray when resident is finished
![Page 21: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Prevention of choking
High risk residents– CVA– Neurological disease– Trauma to head, neck, or throat– Dementia
Close supervision when eating Follow individual feeding plan Cut food into small pieces, offer in small
amounts, wait until each portion is chewed & swallowed before more is given
![Page 22: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Choking cont.
Notify licensed nurse if dysphagia– Long time before swallowing– Swallows several times with each bite– Frequent throat clearing– Difficulty handling foods/fluids in mouth– Wet gurgling voice– Pocketing food– Unintentional weight loss– Feeling by resident that food is sticking
![Page 23: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Choking cont
Proceed at resident’s pace – don’t rush Portion should be chewed & swallowed
before more is given Sit down while feeding helpless resident Use adaptive equipment as indicated
![Page 24: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Recognition of signs of choking
Universal sign Inability to speak, cough, breathe Cyanosis Loss of consciousness HEIMLICH MANEUVER
![Page 25: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
DIETARY MODIFICATIONS
Affiliated with religions and/or cultures Ask if there are any preferences Ask family of residents who cannot
communicate
![Page 26: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Alternate ways to offer nutrition
Tube feedings– Ordered by doctor when resident unable to eat– Started by a licensed nurse– Your responsibility
• Monitor for tubing kinking or pressure• Monitor level of feeding• KEEP HOB AT 20 – 30 DEGREES AT ALL TIMES• DO NOT LOWER HOB EVEN WHEN REPOSITIONING• Never turn off pump – notify nurse of alarm• Notify nurse if signs of aspiration
![Page 27: Nursing Assistant Nutrition. Bodys need for food & fluids Provide energy for daily living & bodily functions Promote growth & repair of tissue Provide](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55191a355503464a428b4a43/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Intravenous infusion Ordered by physician Started by licensed nurse Your responsibility
– Monitor IV for kinks, twisting, pressure, or obstruction– Report
• Alarms• C/o pain or burning at site• Swelling or redness at site• Fever• SOB• Bleeding of fluid leakage at IV site• Disconnected IV tubing• Empty IV container