nucleus vacuoles ribosomes lysosomes endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus mitochondria plasma...
TRANSCRIPT
Nucleus
Vacuoles
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Head Office
Warehouse
Machines
Garbage cans
Assembly workers
Shipping Department
Generators
Walls, doors, security
Pillars, floor, stairs
IF A CELL WERE A TOY COMPANY…
Different Cells
The one-celled organism
amoeba proteus
A single-celled bacteria
of the type: E. coli
A human red blood cell A plant cell from the leaf
of a poplar tree
• Understand cell division in plants and animals.
• Be able to identify the stages of mitosis.
KEY TERMS
Reproduction Chromosomes
Mitosis Division
Cell cycle Interphase Prophase
Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Functions of Cell Division
1. Healing and tissue repair-You replace 25 millions old cells each second.
2. Growth- An increase in the number of cells. 3. Reproduction of organisms- All organisms multiply and spread.
Any new cell come from existing cells by a process of reproduction.
A cell’s life is a sequence of steps called the cell cycle.
Cell cycle has two parts:
1. Interphase
2. Division phase
Interphase
• Rapid growth / repair – preparation for division.• Chromosomes (blueprints) must be copied.• Longest phase.
2. Cytokinesis - divide cytoplasm and organelles.
End Result:Two identical cells that will re-enter interphase begin the process again.
Cell division phase - two parts to cell division.
1. Mitosis - division of chromosomes and nucleus.• Both cells have complete set of blueprints.
Mitosis is how we reproduce non-sex cells (body cells).
Interphase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Chromosomes duplicate.
Chromosomes line up (equator)
Duplicated chromosomes
Pulled apart
Parent cell
Identicaldaughter
cells
cytokinesis
Stages of Mitosis
Telophase
Copying of organelles and genetic material:• Leaving two complete sets of DNA.
(Deoxyribonucleic acid) • Chromosomes look like spaghetti.
Chromosomes condense becoming visible. • Nuclear membrane disappears.
• Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.
Centrioles
Sister Chromatids
Centrioles
Spindle fibers grow from centrioles • Attach to sister chromatids
• Align chromatids along the middle of the cell.
Spindle fibres
Sister Chromatids
Spindle fibers shorten and pull.• Separating sister chromatids.
• Identical chromatids at opposite ends of cell.
Sister chromatidsseparated
Cleavage of cell into two
New nuclear membranes forms.• Spindle fibers disappear
• Chromosomes uncondense (back to sphegetti).
CytokinesisAnimal: cell membrane
pinches cell into 2.
• Each daughter cell has copy of DNA, nucleus, organelles and cytoplasm.
Plant: Two new cells are formed as the cell wall (plate) grows down the middle of the cell.
• Leaving 2 identical daughter cells.
Click the following to proceed
http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab2_mitosis/index2.html