nucleic acids. what you need to know! see carbon notes

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids Consists of C, H, N, O, P 3 types:DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA – Ribonucleic Acid ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate Different functions –DNA: hereditary information –RNA: production of proteins –ATP: energy molecule of cells

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Nucleic Acids

What you need to know!

• See Carbon Notes

Nucleic Acids

• Consists of C, H, N, O, P• 3 types: DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA – Ribonucleic AcidATP – Adenosine Triphosphate

• Different functions– DNA: hereditary information– RNA: production of proteins– ATP: energy molecule of cells

Page 4: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

Monomer = Nucleotide

• Nucleotide made of 3 different parts1. Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, Ribose

in RNA & ATP)2. Phosphate group3. Nitrogenous Base (Adenine, Guanine,

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)

Page 5: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

ATP

• ATP is a nucleotide; it does not exist as a macromolecule/polymer

Page 6: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

Nitrogenous Bases

• Come in 2 groups:1. Pyrimidines (single ring):

Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)

2. Purines (double ring):Adenine (A),Guanine (G)

Page 7: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

Macromolecule/Polymer - Polynucleotide

a. Condensation Rx between sugars and Phosphates forming Phosphate-Sugar-Backbone through Phosphodiesterbonds

– DNA double stranded helix (antiparallel ***not mirror image***)

– RNA single stranded

Page 8: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

DNA

• Double stranded :– Hydrogen bonds form

between opposing nitrogenous bases

– A Purine always pairs with a Pyrimidine

– 2 purines make DNA too wide, 2 pyrimidines too narrow

Page 9: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

Bases

• Purine pairs with PyrimidineA pairs with T (2 Hyrdrogen Bonds)G pairs with C (3 Hydrogen Bonds)

• No T in RNA– Thymine is replaced by Uracil

Page 10: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

DNA Organization

Eukaryotic:• DNA is wound 2x around proteins called

Histones forming Nucleosome beads

Page 11: Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

DNA Organization

Prokaryotic• DNA is “naked” no histones or

nucleosomes– Free floating

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