nucleic acids. macromolecules made up of nucleotide subunits found in all living things and viruses...
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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic Acids
• Macromolecules made up of nucleotide subunits• Found in all living things and viruses• Two most common are: • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)• Ribonucleuic acid (RNA)
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Nucleotides
• Consists of • A phosphate group• A pentose (5 C sugar)• A nitrogenous base
• Purine: the nitrogenous base is double ring• Pyrimidine: the nitrogenous base is single ring
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Nucleic Acid Strands
• Nucleotides bond together through dehydration synthesis • Phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar
on the next nucleotide
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DNA
Used for carrying hereditary information and the recipe for making proteins.
Contains deoxyribose Has four different nucleotides
Adenine and Guanine are purines Cytosine and Thymine are
pyrimidines.
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DNA Structure
The shape of DNA is a double helixTwo nucleotide strands run
anti-parallel to each otherLooks like a twisted ladder
The sugar and phosphate groups make up the sides
The nitrogenous bases make up the rungs.
Nitrogenous bases held together by hydrogen bonds
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Complimentary Base Pairing• A always binds with T • They can both make 2
hydrogen bonds
• C always binds with G • They can both make 3
hydrogen bonds
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RNA
• Single stranded• Generally shorter than DNA• Uses Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil
instead of Thymine• Contains ribose (instead of deoxyribose)
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Three Types of RNA
• Messenger RNA (mRNA)• Transports the “message” of DNA from the nucleus to
the ribosome
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Three Types of RNA
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)• Brings amino acids to
the ribosome to be incorporated into the newly forming polypeptide chain
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Three Types of RNA
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)• Makes up a part of ribosomes, which makes proteins