Nucleic Acids Dr. Shivani Gupta, PGGCG-11, Chandigarh DNA RNA DNA Backbone Structure Alternate phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate ester bonds Alternate phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate ester bonds DNA Backbone Structure Alternate phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate ester bonds Alternate phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate ester bonds DNA RNA DNA Primary Structure Summary Backbone (sugar+phophate with phosphate ester bonds and base or heterocyclicamine side chains Backbone (sugar+phophate with phosphate ester bonds and base or heterocyclicamine side chains DNA RNA DNA Double Helix Base pairing by unique hydrogen bonds Base pairing by unique hydrogen bonds C - G and A - T pairs C - G and A - T pairs DNA Double Helix Base pairing by unique hydrogen bonds Base pairing by unique hydrogen bonds C - G and A - T pairs C - G and A - T pairs DNA DNA Replication Polymerase enzymes which guide replication Polymerase enzymes which guide replication DNA Replication Polymerase enzymes which guide replication Polymerase enzymes which guide replication DNA Replication Complementary base pairs form new strands. Complementary base pairs form new strands. DNA DNA RNA Transcription In nucleus, DNA guides the synthesis of mRNA In nucleus, DNA guides the synthesis of mRNA RNA Transcription RNA polymerase and elongation reaction RNA polymerase and elongation reaction RNA Transcription RNA polymerase and elongation reaction RNA polymerase and elongation reaction Types of RNA mRNA contains codons which code for amino acids. mRNA contains codons which code for amino acids. DNA Types of RNA rRNA - Ribosome - contains enzymes and keeps everything together rRNA - Ribosome - contains enzymes and keeps everything together Types of RNA tRNA - Transfer RNA carries amino acid and read codons on m-RNA through its own anticodons. tRNA - Transfer RNA carries amino acid and read codons on m-RNA through its own anticodons. Types of RNA tRNA - Transfer RNA carries amino acid and read codons on m-RNA through its own anticodons. tRNA - Transfer RNA carries amino acid and read codons on m-RNA through its own anticodons. Protein Synthesis