nuclear power plants in 2009 - cez · we are aware of the role nuclear power plants play in the...
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NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN 2009ČEZ, a. s., Division Generation
CEZ group
International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2009:
Nuclear power is one of the technologies that must be accelerated, promoted and relied upon if the world is to stabilise carbon dioxide emissions at an acceptable level.
content
introduction 2�preparation of a new nuclear build 4safety 8generation of electricity in the Czech Republic 12Dukovany nuclear power plant 14Temelín nuclear power plant 20maintenance – a new contractors system 26personnel 28nuclear fuel 30environmental protection 32international co-operation 34public relations 36
We are aware of the role nuclear power plants play in the economic results of CEZ, as well as in the stability of the power supply market, in the power security of the Czech Republic and in the process of reducing Czech dependence on imports of traditional primary power resources while domestic supplies of coal are becoming limited.
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DEar friEnDs,
ourexpectations,meetalldeadlines,keeptothebudgetandensuresafe,reliableandcompetitiveoperationofthenewreactorUnitsinthefuture.CEZalsoexploredthepossibilityofbuildingnuclearpowerplantsabroad.A contractwassignedagreeingtoforma newenterprisefocusingonthebuildingofoneortwonuclearpowerUnitsinJaslovskéBohunice.InMarch2009theEnergonuclear S. A.enterprisewasfoundedinRomaniawithCEZasastockholder.Thiscompany’smaingoalistoprepareandsupervisetheprojectofcompletionoftheCernavodaNPP.ThetwocurrentlyoperatingCzechnuclearpowerplantsremainourtopmostprioritythough.TheiroutstandingperformancesignificantlyimpactsontheeconomicresultsofthewholeCEZGroup. Inthepastfewyears,bothpowerplantslaunchedimportantprogrammesandprojects,aimedatfurtherimprovingtheefficiencyofgeneratorunitsandincreasingthesafetyofoperation.TheDukovanyNPPisundergoinga processofmodernization.Asa result,theoutputofUnit3increasedto500MWinMay2009.Inthenextthreeyears,weplantofinishthemodernizationprocessoftheremaininggeneratorUnits.Apartfromincreasingtheoutputofthepowerplant,wewouldliketoextenditsoperationbeyond2015.Thiswillhavea significanteconomicimpact.Thepowerplantmaintainsitsoutstandingresultsinoperationandsafetymeasures
amongnuclearpowerplantsworldwide.TheprogramofimprovingtheoperationofTemelínNPPprimarilyfocusedonthestabilizationofsafeoperationofallUnitsandtheoptimizationofrefuellingoutages.Aftera trialperiodfortestingnewfuel(tobeusedfrom2010),weplantousethedesignreservesoftheexistingreactorUnitstoincreasetheiroutput.Wealsolaunchedprogrammesaimedatimprovingtheperformanceofpersonnelofbothoperatingnuclearpowerplants.Wearedealingwithanacuteneedtoreplacethosewhowillretirewithqualifiedexperts,andtomaintainthepassingofimportantknowledgeontoyoungercolleagues.Thepreparationofnewnuclearunitconstructionhighlightsanadditionalneedfora largenumberofyoung,highlyprofessionalemployees,towhomweoffertheprospectiveofa stablejobandgreatcareeropportunities.In2010,bothournuclearpowerplantsaresettocelebrateimportantanniversaries.DukovanyNPPwillcelebrate25yearsofoperationofitsfirstunit.InTemelín,10yearswillhavepassedsincetheminimumoutputonthefirstreactorUnitwasachieved.Thisyearwillbefullofnewactivitiesaswellasa numberofprogramslaunchedpreviously.I firmlybelievethatitwillbea successfulone.
Vladimír HlavinkaExecutive Director of Division Genera tion and member of CEZ Board of Directors
Overthecourseofthepastyear,ourcompanyhastakenveryimportantstepstowardsfurtherimprovingtheefficiencyintheuseofnuclearpowerplantUnitsandtowardsgeneraldevelopmentofthenuclearpowerindustry.WeareawareoftherolenuclearpowerplantsplayintheeconomicresultsofCEZ,aswellasinthestabilityofthepowersupplymarket,inthepowersecurityoftheCzechRepublicandintheprocessofreducingCzechdependenceonimportsoftraditionalprimarypowerresourceswhiledomesticsuppliesofcoalarebecominglimited.NuclearpowerplantsarealsoanimportantmeansforfulfillingthecommitmentoftheCzechRepublictoreduceitsCO2emissions.In2009,wecontinuedtopreparenewnuclearpowersources.IntheMidyear,weannouncedthecommissiontobuildtwonewgenerationunitsatTemelinNPP,fittedwithpressurisedwaterreactors–aswellasthepossibilityoffivemoreunitsinotherlocationsinEurope.Thesupplierselectionprocesswaslaunchedaccordingtoa publiccommissionbill.TheThirdandFourthUnitsatTemelínNPPareexpectedtobefinishedin2020.Fortheplannedconstruction,wehaveapreferenceforacustomsuppliedprojectincludingconstructionandoperationlaunch,andofnuclearfuel.Werequirethesuppliertoownthefullintellectualrightstotheproject.Theselectionprocessisfullytransparenttoensurethattheselectedtechnologyandsupplierfulfil
introduction
Both Czech nuclear power plants boast a suitable location for new nuclear power Units. The natural conditions are sufficient, experts already work here, the infrastructure is appropriate and good relations with the public are maintained.
Petr Závodský, Director of Nuclear Construction Department
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preparation of a new nuclear build CEZ enters a new era
ConstruCtion of nEw powEr rEsourCEs, thE trEnD of Cutting Co2 EmissionsAllovertheworld,therenaissanceofnuclearpowerisenforcedbytheincreasingcostsofprimarypowerresourcesandtheefforttoreducegreenhousegasemissions,namelyCO2emissions.�Forreasonsofpowersafety,governmentsattemptnottobedependentona singlepowerresource(coalorgas,forexample)andthusona limitednumberofsuppliersofthesegoods.Instead,theytrytocombinethevarietyofresourcesina variedpowerresourceportfolio.Forthetimebeing,renewableresourcessuchassolarpower,windpower,hydropowerandbiomasscannotcoverourpowerneedsfortheforeseeablefuture.Nuclearpowerplantsproducevastamountsofclean,emissionfreeelectricityandtheyarethusa coreelementofpowersystemsofmostdevelopedcountries.ForCEZGroup,too,thetransformationtolowcarbonpowerproductionisoneofitstoppriorities.Thisiswhyweplantoextendandmodernizeournuclearpowerplantsaswellasparticipateinnuclearpowerplantprojectsabroad.In2009,435nuclearpowerUnitsoperatedworldwide.Afurther53Unitsarebeingbuilt,mostlyinChina,India,RussiaandSouthKorea.InEurope,newUnitsarebeingbuiltinFrance,
FinlandandSlovakia.Afurther136Unitsareintheprocessofplanningandpreparation,forexampleinGreatBritain,USA,Japan,RomaniaandBulgaria.A numberofotherEuropeancountriessuchasSweden,Netherlands,BelgiumandGermanyhaveextendedtheperiodofoperationoftheirnuclearpowerplantsandItaly,forexample,isseriouslyconsideringrenewingitsnuclearpowerplantprogramme.
prEparation of nEw nuClEar powEr projECts, milEstonEs
In2009,CEZcontinuedtopreparetheconstructionoftwofurtherreactorUnitsinTemelínNPP. OnApril12009,a newdepartmentNuclearPowerPlantConstructionwasfounded.ItsmaintaskistocoordinatethepreparationofnuclearpowerprojectsintheCzechRepublic(Temelín,Dukovany)andabroad(JaslovskéBohunice – Slovakia).BothCzechnuclearpowerplantsboasta suitablelocationfornewnuclearpowerunits.Thenaturalconditionsaresufficient:expertsalreadyworkhere,theinfrastructureisappropriateandgoodrelationswiththepublicaremaintained.Whencomparedtoanentirelynewconstructionina newplace,extendingexistingnuclearpowerplantsemergesasmoreefficientandconsideratetowardsnatureandlandscape.
tEmElín npp
AtTemelín,anEIA(EnvironmentalImpactAssessment)isunderwaywhichseeksanindependentexpertstudywhichisrequiredtoreceivenecessarypermissions.AspartoftheEIA,theimpactoncitizenhealthaswellastheimpactonenvironmentisassessed.InFebruary2009,thefirststageofthedeclaratoryprocesswasfinished,andtheMinistryoftheEnvironmentreceivedcommentsfromtheCzechRepublic,GermanyandAustria – astheEIAprocessisinternational.Inthecourseof2009,explorationscontinuedonthelocation.Onthebasisoffieldresearch,basestudiesfortheEIAdocumentationwerecomposedandtheywillbesubmittedtotheCzechMinistryofEnvironment.In2009,talkswiththeauthoritiesoftheSouthBohemianRegionadvancedsignificantly,resultinginthesigningofa generalcollaborationcontractbetweenCEZandtheSouthBohemianRegionauthority.Basedonthiscontract,infrastructureinvestmentisplannedinconnectionwiththeextensionofTemelínNPP.OnAugust32009,CEZannounceda publicbidfortwonuclearpowerUnitsfittedwithpressurizedwaterreactors.TherealoutputofeachofthereactorUnitsshouldbeover1000 MWe.Inthebid,thereisanoptionforuptothreesimilarnuclearpowerUnitsinotherpotentiallocationsinEurope.
Schematic�model�of�two�new�Units��at�Temelín�NPP
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OnOctober302009,threecompaniessubmittedtheirbids(AREVA,Westinghouseanda consortiumofŠkodaJS – Atomstroyexport – Gidropress).Thefinalselectionprocesswillbecarriedoutin2010–2011,accordingtopubliccommissionbill.
Dukovany npp
IncoordinationwiththeTemelínproject,feasibilitystudiesarebeingcarriedoutatDukovanyNPP,aimingtomapthepossibilityofextendingtheinstalledoutputonlocation.ResultsshowthatitwouldbepossibletoconstructoneadditionalreactorUnitinthisarea;fieldresearchshouldculminatein2010.
intErnEt rEfErEnCE
Overviewofworldnuclearenergydevelopment:www.worldnuclear.org/info/reactors.html
DeclaratoryprocessforEIA:tomcat.cenia.cz/eia/detail.jsp?view=eia_cr&id=MZP230)
PublicbidfortwonuclearpowerUnits:www.isvzus.cz/usisvz/usisvz01009Prepare.do?znackaForm=6003460305001.
Overviewofworldpowerindustrydevelopment:www.worldenergyoutlook.org
“We create values safely” – is the first principle of our company culture. We consider Safety as one of the most important factors determining quality. It is our responsibility as well as our commitment.
Miroslav Holan, Director of Safety Department
8 | 9
InallpowerplantsoperatedbyCEZ,withspecialemphasisonnuclearpowerplants,wecarryoutregularevaluationsandinternalenquiriesaimedatensuringthemaximumpossiblesafetyoftechnologies,aswellasattheprotectionofourpersonnel,thepublic,andtheenvironment.Tofurtherimprovethesafetylevelsatourplants,weusea numberoftools.Amongourmostimportantactivitiesinthisfieldin2009were:Extensive research of safety culture – wereceivedvaluablefeedbackfromouremployees,theirassessmentandviewsofsafetyissues,Safety Policy update – corporatecommitmentandtheexpectationsofthetopmanagementintermsofsafetywereupdatedina newtoplevelcompanydocument,Periodic Safety Review (PSR) – webeganpracticallyusingthenewsafetyassessmentprocessforevaluatingthestateoffacilities,projectandotherdocumentation,managementcontrolsystems,humanfactors,etc.,incomparisonwiththebestworldwidepractice.PSR at Dukovany NPP(after20yearsof
operation) – intheprocessofimplementationofcorrectivemeasures.PSR at Temelín NPP(after10yearsof
operation) – theevaluationprocesswascompleted.
Up-dating of probability risk assessment model – weimprovedthemethodofrisk
assessmentevaluationfornuclearpowerplantoperation.Safetyofnuclearpowerplantsisensuredina numberofstandardareassuchas:
nuClEar safEty
Withinthenuclearpowerplants,a systemofoperatingexperiencefeedbackisconsistentlyapplied.Alldomesticandforeignsafetyrelatedeventsareanalyzedandusedtofurtherimprovethesafetyandreliabilityofoperation.Extendedsystemofoperationalsafetyandperformanceindicatorsisappliedtoevaluatethesafetyinallpossibleareas.Similarlytoworldwidepractice,safetyrelatedeventsareclassifiedaccordingtothesevendegreeinternationalINESscale(InternationalNuclearEventScale).TheINES0andINES 1degreescoversmalldeviationsandeventsofthelowestsafetysignificancewithnoimpactonhumanhealthorthesafetyoftheenvironment.Fortwoyearsnow,ournuclearpowerplantshavebeenrunninga program“Achievingexcellenceinhumanperformance”(QLVprogram).Itsaimistooperatenuclearpowerplantswithoutsafetyrelatedevents,toensureprofessionalisminourstaffperformance,andtopreventnegativeimpactofoperationonthesafety,environment,orhumanhealth.Tofollowtheefficiencyoftheprogramme, the
QLVindexwasintroduced,measuringthereliabilityofemployees(bothinhousestaffandexternalsuppliers)whencarryingoutcrucialtasks.
tEChniCal safEty
Inkeepingwiththeeverincreasingrequirementsonequipmentsafety,theDivisionGenerationhasexpandeditsTechnicalSafetydepartment.Itsmaintaskistodefinetechnicalsafetyrulesandtocarryoutindependentcontroloftechnologyandtechnicalrequirementsonequipment.Aninternalinspectionbodywasfounded(supervisedbytheStateOfficeforNuclearSafety – SUJB),carryingoutindependent
safety
1���Number�of�Events�Classified�as�INES�1
Dukovany NPP Temelín NPP
0 1 2 3 4
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Main�control�room�crew�during�the�Black-out�drill�at�the�simulator
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supervisionoftechnicalsafetyrequirements.TheoutputofthisdepartmentisalsosubmittedtothestateregulatorybodyinordertodocumenttechnicalsafetyofequipmentatCEZ’snuclearpowerplants.Intechnicalinspectionsofitsnuclearpowerplants,CEZutilizesthemostcontemporarymethodsofmeasurement,keepinginlinewiththelatestfindingsofscienceandtechnology.A recentexampleistheutilizationofhighlyadvancedphasedarraytechnologyinthecontrolofbladelocksoflowpressurepartsofthe1000MWturbine.Thismethodcandetectpotentialmaterialdefectsincriticalareasearlyenoughtotakethenecessarymeasures.
raDiation protECtion
Bothnuclearpowerplantshaveconsistentlyshownverygoodperformanceinprotectionagainstionizingradiation.OneofmainindicatorsofefficiencyoftechnicalandorganizationalmeasuresdesignedtolimitpotentialirradiationofindividualsisanindicatorcalledCollectiveEffectiveDose(CED).CEDrepresentsthecumulativetotalinternalandexternalirradiationofallworkerswhoperformanyactivitiesintheradiationcontrolledarea.IntermsofthelowvaluesofCED,bothnuclearpowerplantsoperatedbyCEZrankamongtheworldelite.In2009,thevaluesofCEDat
DukovanyNPPwere0.143SvperUnitand0.089SvperUnitatTemelínNPP. TheslightlyincreasedCEDvalueatDukovanyNPPisrelatedtotheextensivereconstructionofthereactorUnit3.ThelowvaluesofCEDdocumentthesuccessoftheCEZstrategytoproduceelectricityandheatfromnuclearresourcessafelyandefficiently.
Consideringeffluentsfromnuclearpowerplantsintothesurroundingenvironment,bothTemelínandDukovanyplantsareresourceswithminimalimpactontheenvironment.Forexample,thegaseouseffluentsreachedonlytenthsofa percentofthelevelsauthorizedbytheStateOfficeforNuclearSafety.Thistrendwasmaintainedsuccessfullyagainin2009.
2���Collective�Effective�Dose�(CED)(Sievert per Unit)
0,0 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 1,5
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 Dukovany NPP Temelín NPP World – average
Rescue�of�an�injured�person�from�a cable�channel�during�a drill
Lowvaluesofthisindicatorinbothlocationsconfirmtheminimumimpactofnuclearpowerplants’operationonthesurroundingenvironmentandonthepopulation.Atournuclearplants,weintroducedindividualelectronicdosimetry.Thistechnologyismoreadvancedthanthesystemusedpreviously(TLDandfilmdosimetry),anditwillfurtherimprovetheradiationprotectionlevels.
EmErgEnCy prEparEDnEss
In2009,a highlevelofemergencypreparednesswasconfirmedatbothofournuclearpowerplants,testifiedintheresultsofcontrolsandinspectionscarriedoutbytheStateOfficeforNuclearSafety.Inthecourseof2009,a totalof8emergencydrillsaimedtestingemergencyresponseatreactorUnitstookplace,includingtheemergencyresponseunitsoffueltransportfacilities.
physiCal protECtion
Intheframeworkofthe8thinternationalregionaltrainingatTemelínNPPinMarch2009,therepresentativesoftheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)confirmedthephysicalprotectionsystemsatbothnuclearpowerplantsasa goodpractice.In2009,no
unauthorizedactivitywithradioactivematerialsorfacilities(oranysuchattempt)occurredatourplants.
firE protECtion
In2009,nofiresaffectingtechnologiesoccurredatournuclearpowerplants.OnesmalleventattheDukovanyNPPwascausedbya shortcircuiteddistributionframeofansmallelectricheateranditwasquicklyextinguishedbythepresentpersonnel.Healthorlivesofthepresentemployeeswerenotindangerandthesafeoperationofthenuclearreactorwasnotinanywaycompromised.Ourfirebrigadesparticipatedina numberofemergencyeventsoutsideofourplantsintheframeworkoftheintegratedemergencysystemoftheCzechRepublic.
inDustrial safEty
Formanyyearsina row,bothplantshaveundergoneanindependentreviewbytheStateOfficeofOccupationalHealthandSafety,denotingthemasa “SafeEnterprise”.Thereviewsconfirmeda functionalandefficientsystematbothnuclearpowerplants,leadingtoconsistentimprovementofoccupationalhealthandsafety.Byinternationalcomparison,
ourIndustrialSafetyaccidentrateisintheupperquartileandwecountamongthebestperformingpowerplantsintheworld.
Temelín NPP – employees Temelín NPP – contractors
Dukovany NPP – employees Dukovany NPP – contractors
3���Industrial�Safety�Accidents�of�Employees�and�Contractors�(number of accidents)
0 5 10 15 20
2003200420052006200720082009
0 5 10 15 20
2003200420052006200720082009
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power generation in the Czech Republic
5���Share�of�Installed�Capacity�and�Power�Generation�in�the�Czech�Republic�in�2009
coal 60� nuclear 21� hydro and renewable 14� gas 5�
Installed�Capacity�17.994��MW��(percent)
coal 59 nuclear 33� hydro and renewable 4� gas 4�
Power�Generation�82.2�million�MWh��(percent)
In2009,atotal82.2millionMWhofelectricitywasgeneratedintheCzechRepublic.33%wasgeneratedbynuclearpowerplantsatDukovanyandTemelín.Theirtotalinstalledcapacity3830 MWeconstitutes21%ofthetotalinstalledcapacityintheCzechRepublic.Thisresultsfromthefactthattheyarethemostexploitedplants,giventheirlowervariablecostswhencomparedtootherpowerresources.
trEnD of powEr gEnEration
Intheupcomingyears,theshareofnuclearpowerintheportfolioofCEZissettoincreasesteadily.Atbothplants,theincreaseofoutputandtotalgenerationisplannedthankstothemodernizationoftechnologyandtheoptimizationofoutages.
4��Generation�of�Electricity�in�the�Czech�Republic(million MWh)
CR CEZ NPPs
0
20
40
60
80
100
2009200820072006200520042003
The electricity supplied by Dukovany NPP is relatively cheap, safe and reliable; the plant counts among 25 % best-performing power plants worldwide.
Zdeněk Linhart, Director of Dukovany NPP up to 31. 12. 2009
Tomáš Žák, Director of Dukovany NPP since 01. 01. 2010
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opEration
In2009,theyear’sproductionofDukovanyNPPwasthirdhighestinhistory.ItsfourreactorUnitsgenerated13,955,118MWhofelectricity,covering17%ofthetotalelectricityconsumptionintheCzechRepublic.ThemostimportantaspectinachievingthisresultwasthereliableoperationoftheNPPandtheincreaseofoutputby4×16MWeowingtothemodernizationcarriedoutbetween2005and2008.ContinuingmodernizationpermittedtoincreasetheoutputofUnit3byfurther40 MWe.Whenalltheplannedmodernizationworksarefinished,theplantisexpectedtoreach4×500MWecapacity.In25yearsofoperation,Dukovany nuclearpowerplantgeneratedthetotalof308,106,966 MWhofelectricity.TheoperationcapabilityofUnitsisevaluatedbyUnitCapabilityFactor.In2009,thisindicatorreached85.29%surpassingtheworldwideaverageby4.4%.Forachievingthisresult,thelengthofoutagesplaysthemostimportantrole.
maintEnanCE
In2009,allfourreactorUnitsofDukovanyNPPunderwentrefuelingandoperationoutages.AtallUnits,allactivitiesplannedintheframeworkofmaintenance,testingandinspection
Dukovany nuclear power plant
6���Power�Generation�(million MWh)
0 3 6 9 12 15
198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009
0 3 6 9 12 15
198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
7���Unit�Capability�Factor(percent)
Dukovany NPP World – average
Main�Control�Room�of�Unit�3�during��achievement�of��500�MWe�output
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programswerecompleted;thetotallengthofoutageswas195.1days.Themostcomplexoutage,onUnit3,took85days,duringwhichthefollowingprojectswerecarriedout: ReconstructionoftheI&Csystem(Modules
M3–M5), UseofdesignreservesofthereactorUnit, Reconstructionoftheelectricalprotection
system, RefuelingwithadvancedfueltypeGd–2M.ThesemodificationsallowedincreasetotheoutputofthereactorandtoreachthetotalcapacityoftheUnit3of500MWe.OneofthebasicindicatorsofmaintenanceefficiencyistheUnplannedCapacityLossFactor.Thevalueof0.59%atDukovanyNPPcountsamongthelowestintheworld(seepicture8).
invEstmEnt
Similartoprecedingyears,in2009,DukovanyNPPcontinuedtheprocessofimplementingseveralmajorinvestmentprojectsdesignedtoincreasetheefficiencyofpowergeneration. Reconstruction of the I&C system
divided into two projects: 1. Modules M1–M2, 2. Modules M3–M5.
M1 and M2 modulescoversthemodernizationofsafetyandinformationsystemsaswellastheimplementationofa newpostaccidentmonitoringsystem.TheM1andM2moduleswereimplementedgraduallyduringplannedoutagesbetween2002and2009andconstitutedthelargestinvestmentprojectatDukovanyNPP.
M3, M4 and M5 modules coversthereconstructionofautomaticsandcontrolcircuitsoftheprimaryandsecondarycircuits,includingthereplacementofoilbasedregulationoftheturbine.ItshouldbethefinalstepinthemodernizationoftheI&Csystemoftheplant.Actualimplementationbegan
in 2009duringtheplannedoutageofUnit 3andshouldcommenceontheremainingUnitsduringtheirplannedoutagesby2015.
Use of design reserves – theprocesscoversa numberofreplacementsoftechnologiessuchaspartsoftheturbines,thegeneratorunit,theUnittransformer,etc.withthegoalofimprovingefficiencyandincreasingtotalcapacityfromtheoriginal440MWetoapprox.500 MWe.
Reconstruction of the essential cooling water system – inallUnits,oldpipesoflargerdiameterarebeingreplacedwithnewsteelpipesinordertoprolongthelifespanofthepowerplant.
Dukovany NPP World – average
0 1 2 3 4 5
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
8���Unplanned�Capacity�Loss�Factor(percent)
Dukovany�NPP�in�the�colourful��highland�countryside�
nEw programs anD projECts in Dukovany nppTheelectricitysuppliedbyDukovanyNPPisrelativelycheap,safeandreliable;theplantcountsamongthe25%bestperformingpowerplantsworldwide.CEZisthusseekingwaystofurtherimproveitssafetyandefficiency.Thisisachievedbyprolongingthelifespanofthepowerplant,byincreasingitsoutputandbyimprovingpersonnelperformanceandmaintenance.Thisiswhywelauncheda numberofprogramsdesignedtofulfillthisobjective,namely:
Safely 16 Tera (EDU)ThegoalofthisCEZGroupkeyprojectistomaintainhighlevelsofsafetywhileproducing16TWhofelectricityina givenyear.Thisgoalistobefulfilledby2013.TheprojecttakesadvantageofnecessaryreplacementofpartsattheendoftheirlifespantoincreaseefficiencyandthecapacityoftheUnits,whilemakinguseofthedetailedknowledgeofthepowerplantwhenimprovingmaintenanceandreductionofoutagestime.
Main goals and expected benefits: Toachieveannualoutputof16TWh
post2013. ToincreasecapacityofallUnits(upto
500 MWe)bygradualmodernization.
Toimproveplanningandorganizationofoutages,andtocuttheaverageoutageby35 daysperyear(comparedto2007).
ToprovidehighqualitymaintenanceandtokeeptheUnplannedCapacityLossFactoratleastonthelevelof0.8%.
Tosurpassthe89%leveloftheUnitCapabilityFactor.
Oneofthecrucialconditionsoftheprojectistomaintainsafeoperationofthepowerplant
andtoremainamongthe25%bestperformingnuclearpowerplantsworldwideaccordingtoWANOPerformanceIndicators.
Improving human performanceDuringoperationofournuclearplants,weplacegreatemphasisontheminimizationofinfluenceofhumanerror.Atbothnuclearpowerplants,specificprojectswerelaunchedtoachieveexcellenceinhumanperformance
9��Planned�Output�and�Unit�Capability�Factor�of�Dukovany�NPP�
12 500
13 500
14 500
15 500
16 50016 135
201320122011201020092008200782
84
86
88
90
92
94 Average Unit Capability (percent) Electricity production plan (GWh)
Exchange�of�the�generator�stator�at�Unit�3�of�Dukovany�NPP – as�a part�of�modernization��and�LTO�programs
View�to�the�turbine�hall�of�Dukovany�NPP,��Unit�3�during�the�outage
18 | 19
(QLV)withrespecttothespecificneedsofeachNPP,consideringtheirlifespan.Thegoalistoimprovetheprofessionalismofouremployeesandsupplierswithspecialattentionpaidtosafetyandresponsibility.Alltasksshouldbecarriedoutwhenplannedandwithminimumfaults.ThehumanperformanceexcellenceprogramatDukovanyNPPisbasedonthefollowingfundamentals: Monitoringandregularevaluationofhuman
performancefactorinoperation, Adoptionofthenecessarymeasuresbased
ontheresultsofthemonitoring, Consistentuseofthe“humanerrorpre
ventiontools”onpremises(strictuseofoperationaldocumentation,preliminarymeetingsbeforeimportantactivities,selfchecking,permanentawareness,correctoperatingcommunication,independentcheckups,etc.),
Controlandmonitoringofthecorrectuseoftheabovelistedtoolsbymanagement,
Ongoingeducationofemployees;regularandrepeatedtrainingfocusedonhumanperformancefactoranderrorprevention
basedonthebestinternationalpracticesaswellasourownexperience,
UseoftheJustintimeandNearMisscontrolsystems,
Permanentimprovingofoperationaldocumentationbyaddingnewexperience,
Collaborationwithcolleaguesinotherdepartments.
Long-term-operation managementTheLongTermOperation(LTO)projectcountsamongthemostextensiveprojectsoftheCEZ Group. Itconsistsofapprox.230smallersubprojectswithcostsover14 billionCZK. Theircoordinationandcorrectimplementationfrom2009to2015isthebiggestchallengeoftheprojectasitinfluencesallactivitiesoftheDukovany NPP.Thegoaloftheprojectistopreparethepowerplanttooperatebeyonditsoriginaldesignedlifespan.Thismeansitneedstoreceiveoperationallicensepast2015andtofulfillconditionsneededtooperatetheplantuntil2035–2045.OnJanuary19,2009,theBoardofDirectorsratifiedthe“Longtermoperationstrategyof
DukovanyNPP”.Atthesametime,theprojectobjective“ProvidingthelicenseandreadinessofDukovanyNPPforoperationbetween2015and2025”wasratified.TheprojecthasbecometheeighthkeyinitiativeoftheCEZGroupEfficiencyprogram.ThisprogramconsidersallsafetyaspectsoftheLTOanditdefinesthenecessarymeasuresforfulfillingalltherequirementsoftheregulatorSUJBinordertoissuetheoperationlicenceforafter2015.ThecorrectapproachofDukovany NPPtowardstheLTOprogrampreparationwasconfirmedbyanIAEAreviewin2008.Atechnicalandeconomicfeasibilitystudyconfirmedtechnicalfeasibilityoftheplanaswellasitseconomicbenefits.Prolongingtheoperationofthepowerplantin2015–2025willbringsignificantoperationalprofitthatwillhelpfulfillthestrategicgoalsoftheCEZ Group.TheLTOprojectalsoconsistsofthehuman�resources�generationresumptiondesignedtomaintainqualifiedprofessionalsuntil2045,topreparepersonnelfornewUnitsaswellastokeeprequiredlevelofknowledgeandexperienceofinthepowerplant.
10��Long-Term-Operation�Management�Project;�Implementation�Stages,�Dukovany�NPP
20102008 2045204020352030202520202015
licensedoperation LTO+10years LTO+20years LTOoptimalizationendof
operation
LTOprojectLTOproject2016–2025
licence+10years licence+20years licencefollowingoptimalization
licenceondecommissioning
LTOprojectoptimization
decommissioningproject
1ststageofdecommissioning
The SAFELY 15 TERA project is the most important development activity of Temelín NPP. It is one of the eight key projects of the CEZ Group Efficiency program that aims to include CEZ Group among the most efficient European power companies by 2012.
Miloš Štěpanovský, Director of Temelín NPP
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opEration
In2006,thepowerplantshoweda recordperformanceinalltenyearsofitsoperation.Byproducing13.25millionMWhofelectricity,thepowerplantsurpassedtherecordoutputfrom2004(12.7million MWh)by0.56 million MWh.Thenumberofunplannedoutageswasreduced,theUnitsavailabilityincreasedandreached75.3%capacity.Similarlytolastyear,2009wasayearofimprovinghumanperformancecapabilitiesatTemelínNPPaswellasa yearofinvestmentsintofurtherimprovingthereliabilityoftechnologiesandincreasingthesafetyofthepowerplant.ThankstotheAchievingExcellenceinHumanPerformanceprogram(QLV),eventscausedbyhumanfactorwerecutbyfourtimeswhencomparedto2008.Theoperatingresultswerealsoimprovedthankstothemodernizationofthehighpressurepartsofturbinescarriedoutinthepastyears – itimprovedtheefficiencyofpowerproduction.Also,thelengthoftheplannedrefuelingoutageonUnit2wasreduced.SincethelaunchofoperationofTemelínNPPinDecember2000,itsreactorUnitshasgeneratedthetotalof92,032,514MWhofelectricity.Atthesametime,theplantsuppliesheattothenearbytownofTýnnadVltavouandtothefacilitiesintheplant’spremises.In thecourseof2009,itsupplied171,181GJofheattoits
Temelín nuclear power plant
0 3 6 9 12 15
20022003200420052006200720082009
11���Power�generation(million MWh)
12���Unit�Capability�Factor(percent)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 Temelín NPP World average
Construction�of�the�Spent�Fuel�Storageat�Temelín�NPP�was�launched�in�March�2009.
Start�of�operation�is�planned�in�2010.
24 | 24 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE22 | 23
customers.Despitethesesatisfactoryresults,thecapabilityofthepowerplantcouldbefurtherexploited.Theoperationalindicatorshavea potentialforimprovement,mainlythroughimprovingthereliabilityoftechnologiesandthecuttingofplannedrefuelingoutages.Recently,theoperationoftheplanthasstabilized,asindicatedbypositivequalitativeresults.TheUnitCapabilityFactor(WANOperformanceindicator)hasreachedthelevelof75.58%(averageofbothTemelínUnits)in 2009.
maintEnanCE
In2009,bothUnitsunderwentplannedrefuelingoutages.Duringthese,a numberofinvestmentactivitieswerecarriedout.Forexample,bladesoffiveoutofsixturbinelowpressurerotorswerediagnosedandreplacedinreactiontoabreakagethatoccurredin2008.Also,a technicallychallengingmodificationofthepressurevesselinthereactorofUnit1wascarriedout.Thescopeofcarriedoutactivities,equipmentreliabilityandthenewsystemofmaintenanceorganizationcausedsomeworktolastlongerthanexpected.WehadtorepeatpressuretestsatbothreactorUnitsandatUnit1weresolvedanissuewiththeturbinegeneratorunit.Thetotallengthofoutageswas162.6daysin2009.
Intermsofequipmentfaultrate,lastyearwassuccessful.Theplantreachedalevelof1.75%,showinganimprovingtrendeversincethebeginningofTemelinNPPoperation.
invEstmEnt
Inlinewiththegoaltofurtherimprovetheperformanceofthepowerplant,a numberofinvestmentprojectswerecarriedoutin2009aimedatincreasingthenuclearsafetylevelsaswellasthereliabilityofthepowergeneration.Mostimportantactivitiesin2009:
Replacement of low-pressure flow parts of the turbine 1000 MW – thenewpartswillimprovethesafetyandreliabilityofthelowpressureturbine,thusincreasingthethermodynamicefficiency(andboostingtheoutputoftheturbinesystembyapprox.22 MWeperturbine).Theturbinesystemwillbepreparedfortheconsideredincreasednominalheatoutputofthereactors.Inthecourseoftheyear,thisprojectwasintheprocessofpreparationandcontractsweresignedtocarryoutthereplacementintheupcomingyears.
Modernization of refueling machines at both reactor Units – adjustmentof
13���Length�of�Planned�Outages�(Temelín�1,�2)(total days)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 Planned Actual
Quality�of�reactor�vessel�internal�surface��is�regularly�monitored
theexistingrods,replacementofthetelescopicrod,cablesanddrivingunit.ThereplacementprocesswascompletedonbothUnits.
Reconstruction of the portal jib crane SKET 320 t – replacementofthecontrolsystemofthecranewhichwillpermitthesynchronizationofparallelrunningofbothdrivers,160t+2×70t,usedinthetransportofcassettesforspentfuel.
Replacement of arc-flash protection system at the 6 kV switch rooms –replacementofa setofshortcircuitflashprotectionelementsin6kVswitchroomsconsistingofopticalcableloopssensitivetothelightflashalongfulllengthofthecablewascarriedout.Thereplacementwasmostlycarriedoutin2008anditwasfinishedin2009.
Replacement of protection systems of the generator and self-consumption supply at Unit 1.
Spent fuel storage facility – in2009,thepreparationofthespentfuelstoragefacilitycontinuedaccordingtotheplanthatcountswiththelaunchofoperationofthefacilityin2010.Theconstructionofthestoragefacilitybegun,thefirstpackagingsetsweremanufactured,andtheprocessofauthorizationbytheStateOfficeforNuclearSafetycontinuedasplanned.
safEly 15 tEra projECt
TheSAFELY15TERAprojectlaunchedin2007isthemostimportantdevelopmentactivityofTemelínNPP. ItisoneoftheeightkeyprojectsoftheCEZGroupEfficiencyprogramthataimstoincludeCEZGroupamongthemostefficientEuropeanpowercompaniesby2012.ThemaingoaloftheSAFELY15TERAprojectistoimprovesafetyindicators,toincreaseavailabilityandtoreducefaultrateoftechnologies.Theprojectalsoaimstoimproveinternalcommunicationandtoimprovetheawarenessofalldepartmentsincludingthoseoutsidetheinfluenceofthedirectorofthepowerplant.Fiveareasofpossibleimprovementweremappedandthegoals,resources,possiblerisksandresponsiblepersonnelweredefined.Asa whole,theprojectaimstofulfillthefollowingsafety,reliabilityandgenerationefficiencygoals:1. Selected safety indicators will reach
a mark comparable with 25% of best-performing nuclear power plants worldwide by the end of 2010.
2. The yearly output of Temelín NPP will surpass the benchmark of 15 TWh in 2012 and will be able to maintain the value for the following 30 years (reliability indicators).
TheSAFELY15TERAprojectconsistsofthefollowingsubprojects:
EquipmentThegoalofthisprojectistoimprovetheequipmentandtechnologiesofthepowerplantsoastoprovidesafeandreliableoperationwithhighcapabilityandtheoutputof15TWhperyear.Theprojectcoverseightareas: Increasingthereliabilityofnuclearfuel
(new,improvedfuelfroma newsupplierTVEL).
Replacementofthehighpressurepartsoftheturbine(finished).
Reductionofvibrationsoftheturbinesupplypipelines(finished).
Maintainingthelongtermreliableoperationofcontainments(carriedoutaccordingtoplan).
Optimizationofoutages:a newstrategyofoutageorganization,increasedcapabilityofUnits,changedperiodicityofcontrolchecksforimportantequipmentandthereductionofoutagelengthafter2010(fulfilledcontinually).
Investments(reconstructionoftherefuelingmachines,reconstructionoftheportaljibcrane,replacementofprotectionsystemsofthegeneratoroutputsystemandofthe6kVswitchrooms).Transformersmonitoringsystemwasinstalled(finished).
View�to�the�Temelín�NPP�turbine�hall��during�outage;�exchange�of�the��low-pressure�parts�of�the�turbine.
Reactor�hall�of�Unit�2�during�refueling��outage.�Outages�are�opportunities�for��
a number�of�tests.
26 | 26 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE24 | 25
Replacementoflinearstepmotorsandpositionindicatorsonreactorcontrolrods(plannedimplementation2011and2012).
Equipmentreliabilityanalyses(underway).
Organization and ManagementInthisarea,theprocessmanagementsystemofthepowerplantisbeingoptimizedandnewsoftwaretoolsforsupportofactivitiesandoutagemanagementarebeingbuilt.Animportantstepinthisdirectionwasthelaunchofthecommunicationcoordinationsystemandtheautomaticenquirysystemfororganizationofoutages.Theseapplicationshelpimprovetheefficiencyofoutagepreparationandmanagement.Newshiftmaintenancecoordinatorpositionsweredeployed;thetaskoftheseworkersbeingtocoordinateactivitiesduringoutages.Theeffortoftheteamfurtherfocusesonthecreationofconceptuallongtermmanagementsystem.A conceptualmanagementboardwasfoundedandthesystemforevaluatingefficiencyofprocessesandoperationindicatorsisbeingdeveloped.
Suppliers – partnership projectTheprojectisfocusedonparticipationofsuppliersinsolvingproblemsatthepowerplantrelatedtoworksunderway,insharingthesafetycultureandvaluesandtheirmotivationinthesafeandreliableoperationofthepowerplant.Thisprojectincludesthefollowingactivities: Revisionofshareddocumentation, Regularsupplierstraining, Jointworkmeetingsofemployees,
managementandsuppliers, Gradualimplementationoftheimprovinghu
manperformanceprojectwithkeysuppliers, Evaluationandfeedbackofimportant
operationrelatedevents, Knowledgemanagementsystemin
collaborationwithsupplierswaslaunched, Newsparepartssupplysystemforrepairs
isbeingimplemented(a newsuppliersystem).
Personnel – we are building a professional teamThepriorityofthisprojectistoimprovehumanperformance.Inthepastthemainfocuslayinmaintenanceandmodernizationofequipment.Now,thetimeforinvestmentintothereliabilityofthehumanperformancehascome.Thistaskwillbefocussedonchangeofattitudetomistakesandhumanfailures,whichmustbeperceivedasanopportunityforlearning.ThisiswhattheAchievingexcellence
inhumanperformanceprogramisaimedat.Itisa logicalnextstepinthepathtowardsimprovedreliabilityandsafetyofTemelínNPPoperation.Itwillusetechniquesandprocedureswhichwillhelppreventhumanerrorortodiscoveritintime.In2009,alldepartmentsweretominimizehumanerrorrelatedevents,bothintermsoftheemployeesofthepowerplantandofsuppliers.A coordinationteamconsistingofthepowerplant’smanagementcoordinatedthiseffort.For2009,thecriteriaforthesuccessfulfulfillingoftheprogramwereset.Oneoftheindicatorsofthesuccessoftheprogramwasthedecreasingnumberofeventswithrootcausebeingtheworkpracticesofthepersonnel,whencomparedto2008.Insupportoftheprogram,itssubprojectincludedseveralfurtheractivitiesinthetrainingandknowledge�managementareas.Themaingoalofknowledgemanagementistoensuresharingofknowledgeandpreservationofimportantinformationandexperienceamongtheemployeesofthepowerplant.
CommunicationThisprojectaimstopresentTemelínNPPtothebroadpublicasa safe,continuallyimprovingpowerplant.Inthesecondparttheprojectanalyzesandoptimizesinternalcommunicationtoolsinordertomakecommunicationamongemployeesmoreefficient.
0 50 100 150 200 250
2006200720082009
14���Loss�of�Generation�Caused�by�Human�Factor(thousand MWh)
28 | 28 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE26 | 27
Workers�of�EGE�s.r.o.�(sub-contractor�of�I & C�Energo)�assembly�encapsulated�power�outlet�from�the�reactor�Unit�of�Dukovany�NPP
LastyearanewAssetManagementsystemwaslaunchedatbothCEZ’snuclearpowerplants.Thesystemisdesignedtostrengthensupplierresponsibilityforthecomplexmanagementoflogicalpartsoftechnologyanditmotivatessupplierstofulfillsafetyrequirementsandselectedtechnicalparametersofthemaintainedfacility.Inconnectionwiththisproject,theinterfacebetweenCEZandsuppliersforthemaintenanceoflogicalpartsoftechnologywasunified.Basedona selectionprocesscarriedoutin2009andnewsupplycontractssigned,thenewassetmanagementsystemwasimplementedinmosttechnologiesinthefollowingfiveimportantlogicalparts: REACTORBUILDING – ŠkodaJS, a.s. TURBINEBUILDING – ŠkodaPower, a.s. OUTSIDEFACILITIES – ČEZEnergoservis,
s. r. o. ELECTRICALSYSTEMS – I & CEnergo, a.s. I&CSYSTEMS – I & CEnergo, a.s.
Inclosecollaborationwiththesesuppliers,a ConceptualMaintenanceProgramwasdesigned,usedasa basisforeconomicandtechnicalspecificationofmaintenanceworksplannedin2010.GreatattentionwaspaidtotheprogramofAchievingexcellenceinhumanperformanceaimedatreducingriskinworker’sbehaviourandrepeatedfaultsofcriticalandcomponentsequipment.
asset managementa new maintenance system
30 | 30 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE28 | 29
OwingtotheplannedrenewalofexistingUnitsandconstructionofnewones,oneofprioritiesoftheHRdepartmentwastherecruitmentofemployees.InTemelín,25 newemployeeswerehiredtojointheDivisionInvestment,responsibleforthebuildingofnewreactorUnits,and22employeeswerehiredtojointheDivisionGenerationwheretheywilltraintooperatethenewnuclearpowerUnits.InordertobuiltUnit3and4intheTemelínlocation,a largenumberofnewexpertswillbehiredandtrainedin2010–2020(365).SimilarscopeofrecruitmentisplannedfortheDukovanyNPP.Inaddition,thereisa needforemployeegenerationresumptionatDukovanyNPP. Atpresent,theaverageageofemployeesis48years;from2018to2028halfoftheemployeeswillretire(seechart15).Takenthetimeneededtoeducateandtrainnewexperts,bothpowerplantshavebegunrecruitingnow.Closecollaborationwith24secondaryschoolsbegun: 11inthesurroundingsofTemelínand13intheDukovanyarea.Moreover,wecollaboratewithelevenfacultiesoftechnicaluniversitiesthroughouttheCzechRepublic.Weparticipateinjobfairsandcorporateopendaysatuniversities.Fortechnicallyorientedsecondaryschoolanduniversitystudentsinterestedintheprogram,weofferfulldayfieldtripsandworkshops.In2009,overa thousandyoung
peopleinterestedinnuclearpowercareerstookpartintheseevents.Inspring,bothpowerplantsorganizedsocalledAtomic�Graduations,a threedayseriesoflecturesandinternshipsonthepremisesofbothnuclearpowerplantsdesignatedforsecondaryschoolsstudents.Intheend,thestudentstooka testsimilartotheonetheytakeduringa realgraduation.Theeventhadaverypositivefeedbackbothfromstudentsthemselvesandfromtheirteachers.AtTemelínNPP,80studentsandteacherstookpart;atDukovany,45studentsandteachersattended.SimilareventaimedatuniversitystudentswasourSummer�University.SummerUniversitywasa twoweekcourseandattendeesgainbroadknowledgeabouttheoperationofnuclearpowerplantsandrelatedfacilities.Duringa tourofthepowerplant,theyhadtheopportunitytoseetheUnitsduringoperationandalsoduringanoutage.Forstudentsof
technicaluniversities,thisconstitutesveryinterestingandwelcomeexperienceanditmayinfluencetheminchoosingtheirfuturecareer.Foruniversitystudentswhowouldliketobecomesecondarycircuitoperators,welauncheda scholarshipprogram;throughthisscholarship,thestudentsreceivethesecurityofaninterestingcareerofthe NPPoperatorwhiletheystillstudy.AttheSecondarySchoolinTřebíč,a newprogramfor30studentscalledPOWERENERGYhasbeenopenedintheacademicyear2009/2010.ThepatronsoftheprogramaretheregionalauthoritiesoftheVysočinaregionandtheCEZGroup. Similarly,inSezimovoÚstíata college(secondarytechnicalschool)a newstudyprogramwaslaunchedforthefirstsemesterstudyofTechnicalUniversity,facultyofmachineryandelectricalengineering.
personnel
15���Number�of�Employees�to�Retire�at�Dukovany�NPP,�as�of�30. 09.�2009
0102030405060
205020452040203520302025202120152010
32 | 32 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE30 | 31
Testing�of�equipment�in�the�reactor�hall�of�Temelín�NPP�during�outages.
Nuclearfuelisthecrucialcommoditynecessaryforproducingnuclearpower.Inthisrespect,theyear2009wasa breakthrough.Inconnectionwiththeincreaseofcapacityfrom440to500MW,Unit3oftheDukovanyNPPfinishedthetransformationtomoreadvancedfuel.IntheupcomingyearsthesametransformationawaitsthethreeremainingreactorUnits.Eversincethebeginningofoperation,DukovanyplanthasbeenusingfuelsuppliedbytheRussiancompanyTVEL. Overtheyears,thefuelunderwentsignificantevolution.Theoriginalfuelwasenrichedto3.6%U235,itwasreplacedinthreeyearcycles,anditsaverageburnoutvaluewas30MWd/kgU. Gradually,theneutronlosswaslimitedandtheenrichmentincreasedto3.8%U235.Next,theenrichmentwasfurtherincreasedto4.25and4.38%U235andthefuelassemblieswerefittedwitha burnoutabsorber.IncreasedweightofUraniuminthefuelassemblypermittedtoprolongtheburnoutcycletofiveyears.Inpracticethismeansthateveryyearonly1/5ofthetotalamountoffuelassembliesneedtobereplaced,only72 assembliesperreactorUnitperyear.Inthefiveyearcycle,theaverageburnoutvaluenowincreasedtoupto51 MWd/kgU.Anotherimportanteffectofthischangeisthedramaticdropinthegenerationofspentfuelfromtheinitial114fuelassembliestoonly72 assembliesperreactorUnitperyear,
whichleadstosignificantstoragesavings.TheburnoutabsorbersreducedtheproductionofTritiumby20%.Campaignsincreasedfrom300to330effectivedaysandasa result,theusageofinstalledoutputaswelltheproductioncapacityfurtherincreased.AtTemelínNPP,thecontractwithAmericansupplierWestinghouseranoutlastyear.Intheensuingselectionprocedure,theRussian
supplierTVELwasselected.Nowtheplantispreparingforthenewfuel.BothUnitswillrefuelthefullsetoffuelatonce;atUnit1,thiswillbecarriedonin2010,atUnit2,theprocesswilltakeplacein2011.AtthesametimesimilarmeasuresasatDukovanyarebeingtakenatTemelíninordertoincreasetheoutputofbothUnits.Thenewfuelfulfilsallrequirementsfortheincreaseoftheoutput.
nuclear fuel
34 | 34 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE32 | 33
Nuclearpowerplantscountamongthemostenvironmentconsideratepowergenerationresources.Intheiroperationnogreenhousegasesareproducedandtheydonotconsumenonrecoverablerawmaterials(oil,coal).IfnuclearpowerplantsweremissingintheCzechpowerportfolio,theemissionsofCO2aswellastheconsumptionofcoalwouldincreaseby77%ifweweretomaintainthesameamountofelectricityanda similarcompositionofotherproductionmeanswithaverageemissions111kgofCO2/GJ(seepicture16).TheemissionsofCO2arefurtherreducedbyusingofdesignreservesofpoweratpresentnuclearpowerplants.AtDukovanyNPP,anEnvironmentalManagementSystem(EMS)wascertifiedin2001,atTemelínNPPin2004.Theprogramisbasedontheprincipleofpreventionandconstantimprovementoftheenvironmentprotection.In2007,thesystemwasrecertifiedandin2009,regularEMSauditswerecarriedoutsuccessfullyatbothnuclearpowerplants.
wastE managEmEnt
Materialsandwastetestedtobevirtuallyfreeofradionuclidesissubsequentlyreleasedintotheenvironmentunderstrictcontrolandrecycledasmuchaspossible.Wastefromtheoperationofnuclearpower
plantsisbitumenizedorpressedanditisdepositedintotheRadioactiveWasteStorageFacility(URAO)atDukovanywhereitissafelyseparatedfromthesurroundingenvironment.TheRadioactiveWasteStorageFacilityatDukovanyhassufficientcapacitynotonlyforthedisposalofalltheradioactivewasteproducedduringtheoperationoftheNPPs,italsoallowsthesafedepositionofwastewhichwillbeproducedasa resultoftheirdecommissioning. Bytheendof2009,15outofthetotalnumberof112cellswerefilledup(seepicture17).
environment protection
EMS�Certificates
17���Filling�of�Rad�Waste�Depository(total 112 cells)
filled until 2008 13 filled in 2009 2 empty 97
16���CO2�Emissions�and�Coal�Consumption(million tons)
CO2 emissions coal consumption
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
bez JE
s JEwith NPPs
without NPPs
36 | 36 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE34 | 35
WANO�Peer�Review�at�Dukovany�NPP,�at�the�turbine�hall
Traditionally,Czechnuclearpowerplantsmaintainstronginternationalrelations.Wecollaboratewithforeignbodiesinavarietyofways,throughactivemembershipininternationalorganizationssuchasIAEA,WANO,FORATOM,EURATOM,WNA,Eurelectric,OECDNEAandothersthatruna varietyofnuclearinternationalprograms.Thankstothis,bothnuclearpowerplantshaveaccesstotechnicalinformationandknowhowandtheycanfollowthemostrecentprofessionaltrendsandevolutionofnuclearindustry.TheworldwideWANOnetworkallowstheparticipantstoshareinformationwithhundredsofothers.Activeparticipationinitsprogramsshowsthebestworldwidepracticesandallowsthebenchmarkingofsafetyindicatorswithotherpowerplantsworldwide.WecaninviteforeignexpertsfortechnicalsupportmissionsorhaveourplantsreviewedbytheWANOPeerRevieworbytheOSARTmission(a reviewrunbyIAEA).In2009,a numberofeventswithparticipatingexpertsfromabroadtookplace: Internationalregionaltraininginphysical
protectionatTemelínNPP, WANOPeerReviewFollowupatDukovany
NPPwhichreviewedeightkeyareasofoperationandprovidedtheplant’semployeeswithvaluablefeedback,
WANOworkshopsformanagementatDukovanyandTemelín,topicssuchas
„Selfassessment“(a lecturerfromBritishEnergy,UK)and„SAandCorrectivemeasures“(lecturersfromWANOAC,USA),
ExpertworkshopatTemelínNPPon„NuclearFuelRodCladdingMonitoringandEvaluation“(professionalsfromsevencountriesparticipated),
IAEAKnowledgeManagementworkshopat TemelínNPP.
Apartfromthis,bothCzechnuclearpowerplantsmaintaincloserelationswithforeignpartnernuclearpowerplants.Thisallowsa directexchangeofinformationviaemail,
technicalenquiries,benchmarkingortechnicalvisitsofsimilarfacilities.WecollaboratewithnuclearpowerplantsinSlovakia,Hungary,France,USA,Russia,UkraineandFinland.CEZisalsoactiveinthecountriesofCentralandSouthEastEurope – Poland,Romania,Bulgaria,andtheBalkans.
international relations
38 | 38 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE36 | 37
public relationswe help where we operate
Fora longtimenow,therelationswithsurroundingcommunitiesofbothournuclearpowerplantshasevolvedsuccessfullyanddisplayedgoodneighbourhoodpractices.Thepublicbecomesa truepartnerofthenuclearpowerfacility.Apartfromongoing,opencommunicationwiththepublic,thepowerplantssupportnumerousvaluableprojectsrelatedtoculture,travel,sportsandcommunitylifeinthesurroundingcommunities.Thecitizens,inturn,supportthepowerplants,theiroperationandthepossibilityofnewconstruction.Informationcentersofbothpowerplantsplayanimportantroleinimprovingnuclearpowerawarenessandtheyaremostlyvisitedbyyoungpeople.In2009,theDukovanyinformationcenterwelcomedits400,000th visitorsinceitopenedfifteenyearsago.TheinformationcenterofTemelínwelcomed28,240visitorslastyear.Outofthisnumber,1,640wereforeignersand6,280peoplehada chancetovisitinternalpremisesofthenuclearpowerplant.TheTemelínNPPisa popularvenueforweddingsaswell;theinformationcenterlocatedintheVysokýHrádekcastlehostedits9thweddingceremonyin2009.SinceAugust2009,theinformationcenterofTemelínNPPoffersa guided,soundbasedtourforvisuallyimpairedpeople.InconnectionwiththeplannedconstructionofnewUnits,bothinformationcentersplananupdateoftheirdisplays.
TheregionalauthoritiesinbothDukovanyandTemelínareashavecontinuedtheirpositiveapproachtobothfacilities.InthebeginningofApril2009,theauthoritiesoftheSouthBohemiaRegionauthorizedthefuturebuildingoftwofurtherUnitsinTemelínlocation,andgeneralcollaborationagreementbetweenCEZandtheSouthBohemianRegionwassigned.InthecourseoftheupcomingtenyearsCEZwillsupportthedevelopmentintheareathroughtheconstructionofnewinfrastructure,newlivingfacilitiesandalsoitwillsupporta numberofculturalandsportsevents.
Similaragreementhasbeensignedwithtownsandvillagesintheclosesurroundingsofbothournuclearpowerplants.TýnnadVltavou,Dříteň,VšemysliceandOlešníkintheproximityofTemelínNPP,andDukovany,Rouchovany,Mohelno,Slavětice,RešiceandHorníDubňanynearDukovanyNPPcanthusinvestina numberoflocaldevelopmentprojects.TheycanalsoreceivemoresupportfromEuropeanUnionfunds.Traditionally,theVysočinaregionsupportstheoperationanddevelopmentofDukovanyNPP.At theendof2009,talksadvancedaboutfurthercollaborationbetweentheregional
In�2010,�Dukovany�NPP�will�celebrate�25�years�of�safe�and�reliable�operation.�The milestones�of�its�history�are�the�following:
April�30,�1970 Decisiontobuildtworeactors2×VVER440,230model1975 Projectwasredesignedtobuildfourmoreadvancedreactors
4×VVER 440,newer213model1982 ReactorvesselwasinstalledatUnit1December�31,�1984 Unit1wasfirstfueledwithnuclearfuelFebruary�12,�1985,�23:21 MinimumcontrollablepowerachievedMay�5,�1985 Reactorreached100%power,startofUnit1trialoperation1986 StartofUnit2operation1987� StartofUnits3andUnit4operation
“Orange�Ride” – CEZ�supports�the�regions��of�its�power�plants�by�organizing�cultural��
and�sport�events
40 | 40 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE38 | 39
authoritiesandCEZ. Thetalkswillcontinuein2010,the25thanniversarysincethelaunchofoperationofUnit1atDukovany.Nuclearpowerplantssupportalsoothertownsandvillagesintheirsurroundings.Forfourthyearina row,theOrangeYearprojectcontinued,dedicatedtothedevelopmentofanactiveculturalandsociallifeandsportsinthecommunities.In2009,wesupportedoldprojectsbutalsolaunchednewones.Oneofthenewactivitiesistheconstructionofa bicyclingpathfromHlubokánadVltavoutoTýnnadVltavou.Thepathisunderconstructionnow.ThepartnearHlubokáissettobefinishedthisyearanditistocontinuetoTýnnadVltavou.NearDukovanyNPP,weinitiateda studyfora „Energybicyclingpath“Třebíč – Dalešicehydropowerplant – DukovanyNPP.Insucha waybothpowerplantsactivelysupporttourismintheirattractivesurroundings.
CZECh publiC opinion about nuClEar powEr
Publicopinionpollsfirststartedin1994,thelastpolltookplaceinMarch2009andover1200Czechcitizensovertheageof18participated.Selectedtopicsincluded:powerstrategyoftheCzechRepublic,developmentofnuclearpowerintheCzechRepublic,the
18���Are�you�personally�in�favour�of�nuclear�power�development�in�our�country?(percent)
Definitely Yes + more likely Yes Definitely Yes
Source: STEM, trends 1994–2009
0
20
40
60
80
20092008200720066/20051/200520042003200211/20014/200120001999
Czech�famous�sportsmen�visiting�Temelín�NPP��in�occasion�of�the�“5th Temelin�Olympic�Games”
19���Public�Support�for Nuclear�Power(percent)
viewsaboutTemelínNPPandawarenessofpublicaboutnuclearpower.Approximately70%ofpeoplerespondedthattheyareinfavouroffurtherdevelopmentofnuclearpowerintheCzechRepublic.Thisconstitutesa 4%riseinsupportfromthelastyear.
Mainargumentsfornuclearpowerdevelopment: Drawbacksofcoalminingandburning –
84%ofcitizens Dependenceonoilandgasimports – 88%
ofcitizens Greenhousegasemissionsfromcoalfueled
powerplants – 79%ofcitizens
AhalfofCzechpopulationbelievethatnuclearpowerdevelopmentisnecessaryandnuclearpowerisirreplaceable.
ConClusion
1.Accordingtomostcitizens,powerstrategyoftheCzechRepublicmuststriveforpowerenergyindependenceandthepossibilitytochooseourownpowerstrategy.
2.By2030,thebiggestshareofCzechpowerproductionshouldbecoveredbynuclearpowerplants(51%ofcitizensbelieve)orrenewableresources(36%ofcitizensbelieve).
3.About70%ofcitizenssupportthedevelopmentofnuclearpower.
4.OverthreequartersofcitizensthinkthatTemelínNPPissafeandcomparabletoothernuclearpowerplantsworldwide.
5.Ina referendumaboutthenewconstructionofnuclearpowerUnits,69%ofcitizenswouldagree.Itislikelythatover70%ofcitizenswouldparticipateinthereferendum.
6.Overa halfofCzechcitizensthinkthattheoperatorofTemelínNPPisopenandcommunicative,butmostcitizensstillclaimtheydonotreceiveenoughinformationaboutitsoperation.
for nuclear power, it is irreplaceable 52 for nuclear power, but it could be replaced 19 against nuclear power, but it is irreplaceable 6 against nuclear power, it could be replaced 23
Source: STEM, survey 3/2009, 1,276 respondents over the age of 18
tErritorial aCtivitiEs of CEZ group
Budapešť
Bělehrad
VaršavaAmsterdam
Mnichov
Sofie Istanbul
Sarajevo
Tirana
Bratislava
Praha
ťšerukuB
42 | 42 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE
countriesofconditionalinterest ● activesubsidiaries trading powerrelatedoperations
44 | 44 NEChTE SPOřIT SPOTřEbIčE
Nuclear power plants in 2009
© 2010, ČEZ, a. s., Division Generation
Chief editor: Zbyněk Grunda, International Relations Manager. Board of Editors: M. Vilím, G. Říhová, P. Foltýn, J. Smíšek, P. Závodský, R. Gajdoš, E. Šťastová, J. Tyc, N. Bílá, L. Dubský, A. Rottenbornová, J. Sedlák, M. Svozil, P. Spilka, F. Kostiha, R. Šula, R. Křivánek, J. Horáková, P. Šimák, F. Prokop, T. Polák