nuclear medicine -how does it work · nuclear medicine physiological imaging • radioactive...
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Nuclear Medicine -How does it work Gerald R. Aben, MD FACR Department of Radiology College of Osteopathic Medicine
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Nuclear Medicine
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Nuclear Medicine Physiological Imaging
• Radioactive isotopes which emit gamma rays or other ionizing forms (half life for most is hours to days)
• Radionuclides are injected intravenously or inhaled where, depending on substance, they concentrate in organ of study
• The emitted gamma rays are then picked up by gamma camera and displayed
• Special terms used on nuclear medicine reports • Hot, Photon Rich, Cold, Photon Poor, Photopenic
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Nuclear Medicine Physiological Imaging
• Conventional Nuclear Medicine • Emitted gamma rays create image
• SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)
• Tomographic images of emitted gamma rays • Rotating gamma camera creates 3-D data set • Data set is then manipulated to create volume
images (sum of all images in stack), multiplanar thin section images and 3-D volume data sets
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Gamma Camera
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Bone Scan
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Lung Scan
Ventilation Perfusion
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HIDA Scan
Gallbladder Common
Duct
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CT- PET
CT Scan Section
PET Scan Section
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PET Scanning
• Oncology • Function • Metabolism • Perfusion
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Positron Emission Tomography
• PET (Positron Emission Tomography) • Tomographic images of emitted positrons • Can be used to study metabolic processes • 511 kEv gamma ray Photons emitted simultaneously
at 180 degrees to each other • Evaluate location in space • Fusion imaging with CT scanning for precise
localization
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Nuclear Medicine Physiological Imaging
• Positron Emission Tomography • Radionuclide emits positrons which interact
with electrons to eject gamma rays at 180°
• Use computer to localize in space
Β+
E-
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Gamma ray
Positron
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Positron Emission Tomography • Lung Cancer • Mediastinal
Metastasis
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Positron Emission Tomography • Lung Cancer • Metastases • Obstructed right
ureter
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Normal Cardiac Perfusion
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Anterior Wall
Ischemia
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Anterior Wall Ischemia
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13N-Ammonia and 18F-FDG PET-perfusion and viability
perfusion viability 6/12/2012 18 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY