nuclear hazards
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It's about nuclear hazards...TRANSCRIPT
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Anand Raja’sSeminar on
Nuclear hazards
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Definition:Risk or danger to human health or the environment posed by radiation emanating from the atomic nuclei of a given substance, or the possibility of an uncontrolled explosion originating from a fusion or fission reaction of atomic nuclei.
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NUCLEAR HAZARDS
Radioactive substances are present in nature
They undergo natural radioactive decay in which unstable isotopes spontaneously give out
Fast moving particles, high energy radiations or both, at a fixed rate until a new stable isotope is formed
The isotopes release energy either in the form of
Gamma rays ( high energy Electromagnetic radiation)
Alpha particles & beta particles (ionization particles)
Alpha particles: fast moving positively charged particles
Beta particles: high speed negatively charged electrons
These ionization radiations have variable penetration power
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• Natural sources:Cosmic rays from outer space ,Radioactive Radon-222 ,Soil, rocks, air, water & food
• Anthropogenic sources:Nuclear power plants ,Nuclear accidentsX-rays , Diagnostic kits , Test laboratories
Sources of radioactivity
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Effects of radiations
Genetic damage: is caused by radiations
This induce mutations in the DNA, there by affectingGenes & chromosomes
The damage is often seen in the offsprings and may be transmitted up to several generations
Somatic damage: includes
burns, miscarriages, eye cataract &
cancer of bone, thyroid, breast, lungs, skin
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Control of nuclear pollution
• Sitting of nuclear power plant should becarefully done after studying long term andshort term effects
• Proper disposal of wastes from laboratory involving the use of radioisotopes should be
done.
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