nuclear energy india - final.pptx

7/29/2019 Nuclear energy India - final.pptx

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Historical Background

Indias nuclear program was set up in 1948, withthe introduction of an Atomic Energy Bill in the

Constituent Assembly by Indias first prime

minister.

As a non-signee to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Treaty, India was excluded from international

trading on nuclear commodities for many years.

Its nuclear power plants were therefore built uplargely without external help or consultation, and

outside of the safety standards of the International

Atomic Energy Agency.


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In 2008, the international trading ban was

lifted by the Nuclear Suppliers Group, opening

the door for foreign countries that wished to

trade nuclear equipment and fuel with India,

fenced for civilian (non-weaponry) purposes.


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Indian Nuclear Energy- Timeline

1947: India becomes independent

1948: Atomic Energy Commission established

1956: Negotiates with U.S & Canada fornuclear reactor

1962: War with China

1963: Two research reactors & four nuclearplants in operation


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1964: China detonates nuclear bomb

1965: War with Pakistan over Kashmir

1968: India refuses to sign nuclear non-proliferation treaty

1974: India performs 15kt Peaceful Nuclear

Explosion. US & Canada suspend theirnuclear cooperation with India.

1998: India detonates both fission and fusion

devices


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1999: Indian population exceeds 1 billion.

Kargil War with Pakistan. Pakistan threatens to

use nuclear weapons

2006: President Bush declares India a Nuclear

Power

2008: NSG approves trade with India.US-India

Nuclear deal signed


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Indias three stage nuclear

programme

Stage-I envisages construction of natural uranium, heavy

water moderated and cooled pressurised heavy water

reactors (PHWRs). Spent fuel from these reactors is

reprocessed to obtain plutonium.Stage-II evisages construction of fast breeder reactors

(FBRs) fuelled by plutonium produced in Stage-I. These

reactors would also breed U-233 from thorium.

Stage-III would comprise power reactors using U-233 /

thorium as fuel.


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NPCIL

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited is a PublicSector Enterprise under the administrative control ofthe Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Governmentof India

its the only utility that deals with civilian nuclearpower in India.

The company was registered as a Public LimitedCompany under

the Companies Act of1956 in September 1987, withthe objective of operating atomic power stations andimplementing atomic power projects for generation ofelectricity


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Nuclear Plants of India

In India, we have 20 nuclear reactors in 6

nuclear power plants generating 4,780MW. 5

more plants under construction are expected

to add another 2,720 while we have an

ambitious target of about 64,000MW by 2032.


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structural damages that have occurred

in Indias civilian nuclear power sector

April 2011 Fire alarms blare in the control room

of the Kaiga Generating Station in Karnataka.

November 2009 Fifty-five employees consume

radioactive material after irritated water finds its

way into the drinking water cooler in Kaiga

Generating Station.

April 2003 Six tonnes leak of heavy water atreactor II of the Narora Atomic Power Station

(NAPS) in Uttar Pradesh


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January 2003 Failure of a valve in the KalpakkamAtomic Reprocessing Plant in Tamil Nadu resultsin the release of high-level waste, exposing six

workers to high doses of radiation May 2002 Tritiated water leaks from a

downgraded heavy water storage tank at the tankfarm of Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS)

1&2 into a common dyke area. An estimated22.2 Curies of radioactivity is released into theenvironment


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November 2001 A leak of 1.4 tonnes of heavywater at the NAPS I reactor, resulting in oneworker receiving an internal radiation dose of

18.49 mSv April 2000 Leak of about seven tonnes of

heavy water from the moderator system atNAPS Unit II. Various workers involved in theclean-up received significant uptakes oftritium


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Pros and cons


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nuclear energy india - final.pptx

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