NAME ------ GAURAV SHARMA

CLASS ----- X (A)

ROLL NO. ----- 9

SUBJECT ----- GEOGRAPHY NUCLEAR ENERGY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I greatly thanks to my subject teacher Mrs. Gargi ma’am, as she gave me the platform to prepare this project which helped in gaining a lot of knowledge.Secondly I would also thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time.I am making this project not only for marks but to also increase my knowledge

CERTIFICATEThis certify that Gaurav Sharma has done this project very well and collected his require information on his oath.

CONTENT

1.Definition2.Uses3.Advantages

4.Disadvantages

5.Top 10 Nuclear energy country

6.Top 10 Nuclear Power Plant in India

NUCLEAR ENERGYNuclear energy is energy that is generated through the use of Uranium, a natural metal

that is mined all over the world. Nuclear energy is created through complex processes in nuclear power stations, and the first nuclear power station was established in 1956 in Cumbria, England. Today, many military operations and vessels use nuclear power plants and nuclear energy for their energy source, and nuclear energy is used in many other capabilities such that it provides 16% of the Earth’s energy requirements.The energy released by the nucleus of an atom as the result of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, orradioactive decay. The amount of energy released by the nuclear fission of a given mass of uraniumis about 2,500,000 times greater than that released by the combustion of an equal mass of carbon.And the amount of energy released by the nuclear fusion of a given mass of deuterium is about 400times greater that that released by the nuclear fission of an equal mass of uranium. Also called atomic energy .

Nuclear energy originates from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission. At the power plant, the fission process is used to generate heat for producing steam, which is used by a turbine to generate electricity.

HOW IT WORKS

Nuclear Energy is created in nuclear power stations ,where uranium rods are the fuel used to create the energy or heat. The process through fission, where neutrons in the Uranium smash into the nucleus of atoms of Uranium. The Uranium nuclei will then split in half and release an energy that comes in a form of heat. At this point, carbon dioxide in gas form will be pumped into the reactors with the Uranium, removing the heat from the system. The gas turns very hot, and this heat is used to heat water into steam. The steam created from

this process will drive the turbines which in turn drive the generators that produce the nuclear energy.

ADVANTAGES Nuclear power costs about the same as

coal, so it's not expensive to make.  Does not produce smoke or carbon

dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel.

Produces small amounts of waste. Waste generated are much less

radioactive. Nuclear power is reliable.

DISADVANTAGES Disposal of nuclear waste is very

expensive. As it is radioactive it has to be disposed of in such a way as it will not pollute the environment.

Nuclear power stations are always at risk from terrorist attack.

Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be spent on safety - if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major disaster. 

Starting a nuclear power plant requires huge capital investment and advanced technology.

Nuclear power is not a renewable source of energy. Uranium is a metal that is mined from the ground in much the same way as coal is mined. It is a scarce metal and the supply of uranium will one day run out making all the nuclear power plants obsolete. TOP 10 NUCLEAR ELECTRICITYPRODUCER COOUNTRY

Nations based on nuclear output as a percentage of national power output.

Rank Country Capacity (MW)

Nuclear share ofelectricity

(2012)[13] production[13]

1 United States 102,136 19.0%

2 France 63,130 74.8%

3 Japan 44,215 18.1%

4 Russia 23,643 17.8%

5 South Korea 20,739 30.4%

6 Canada 14,135 15.3%

7 Ukraine 13,107 46.2%

8 China 12,086 2.0%

9 Germany 12,068 16.1%

10 United

Kingdom9,938 18.1%

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Nuclear power plants in IndiaPower station Operator State Total capacity

(MW)Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka 660Kalpakkam NPCIL Tamil Nadu 440Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat 440

Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan 1180Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtra 1400Narora NPCIL Uttar Pradesh 440

Some of the nuclear power plant projects which are under construction can be listed below:Power station State Operator Total capacity

(MW)Kudankulam Tamil Nadu NPCIL 2000Kaiga Karnataka NPCIL 220Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu NPCIL 500Total 2720

Some of the nuclear power projects which are planned up for the future are as follows:

Power station Operator State Total capacity (MW)

Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan 1280Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat 1280Jaitapur NPCIL Maharashtra 6400Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu 2400Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka 2500