nuclear chemistry review
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Nuclear Chemistry Review. What is electromagnetic radiation ?. radiation moving at the speed of light. To a certain degree the stability of a nucleus can be correlated to its ratio of _________ to ________. Protons, neutrons. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nuclear Chemistry Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164e5550346895dd74b8c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nuclear Chemistry
Review
![Page 2: Nuclear Chemistry Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164e5550346895dd74b8c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is electromagnetic radiation?
• radiation moving at the speed of light
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To a certain degree the stability of a nucleus can be correlated to its ratio of _________ to ________
• Protons, neutrons
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_____________ of cadmium or boron are used to control the
fission process inside the reactor by absorbing neutrons during the
reaction.
• Control rods
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What type of radiation has sufficient energy to damage DNA?
• Ionizing radiation
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List 2 of the 4 types of nuclear reactions.
• Radioactive Decay• Nuclear Bombardment• Fission• Fusion
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What is the name of the woman who was a pioneer of nuclear chemistry?
• Marie Curie
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What is the charge of an alpha particle?
• +2
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How are nuclear reactions different from chemical reactions?
• Chemical = involve boding of valence electrons; same types & amounts of atoms on reactant side as product side• Nuclear = involve changes in
the nucleus (protons/neutrons); different atoms as reactant side as compared to product s
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What are the 3 types of nuclear radiation?
• Alpha particles• Beta particles• Gamma rays
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What is the nuclear symbol for an alpha particle AND beta particle?
• Alpha =
• Beta =
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What could stop gamma rays?
• Several cm of lead/cement
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What could stop alpha particles?
• A piece of paper
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What is the charge of a beta particle?
• -1
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The spontaneous break-down of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus,
accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation is known as ____
• Radioactive decay
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Radiation with NOT enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules is called
__________
• Non-ionizing radiation
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Which type of nuclear radiation travels at the speed of light?
• Gamma rays
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Mass of fissionable material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction is called
________
• Critical mass
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A general term for any type of energy that emanates or radiates outward in all
directions is called ______
• Radiation
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Write the hyphen notation of an isotope of radium (Ra) with the mass number of 238 and atomic number of 88
• Radium - 238
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Write the nuclear symbol of an isotope with an atomic number of 13 and a
mass number of 29.
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A change in the identity of a nucleus because of a change in the number of its
protons is called ______
• Transmutation
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What is fission?
• A heavy nucleus SPLITS- forming medium weight nuclei
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Atoms of the same element having different numbers of NEUTRONS and, therefore, a different mass number and atomic mass are called ________
• Isotopes
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During fission and fusion reactions, what is the relationship
between the MASS of the reactants and the products?
• The mass of the products is LESS than the mass of the reactants
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What type of nuclear radiation consists of particles containing
two protons and two neutrons?
• Alpha
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Which type of nuclear radiation has NO CHARGE?
• Gamma Rays
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______ is the missing mass of a nuclear reaction that is converted
into energy.• Mass defect
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Which type of nuclear radiation has the LARGEST mass?
• Alpha particles
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The time needed for the decay of one half the atoms in a sample of radioactive
material is known as______________
• ½ life
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What powers the sun?
• FUSION
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What type of nuclear reaction occurs when the nucleus is hit with alpha particles, neutrons,
protons or other particles?
• Nuclear Bombardment
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Small amounts of mass are converted to HUGE amounts of energy according to Einstein's famous formula. What is this
formula?• E = mc2
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What type of nuclear reaction happens at TMI?
• FISSION
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What is a benefit of radiation?
• Medicine• Military• Anthropology• Food-microwaves• Energy- electricity
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What type of radiation is emitted in the following equation?
• Beta Particle
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Balance the following equation.
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Balance the following equation.
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Which type of nuclear radiation has the HIGHEST ionizing ability?
• Alpha Particle
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List an example of how radiation is BENEFICIAL.
• Medicine- tracers, cancer treatment• Military – bombs• Anthropology – carbon dating• Food – microwaves• Electricity - TMI
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Which type of nuclear radiation has the LOWEST ionizing ability?
• Gamma rays
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How long does it take one radioactive atom to decay?
• It is impossible to tell!!–Half-life is based on a sample of
radioactive atoms
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What is fusion?
• 2 light weight nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
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Which would produce the MOST energy from a reaction?
Fission OR Fusion
• FUSION