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Nuclear Astrophysics in the U.KCurrent Activities and Future Opportunities
Alison LairdUniversity of York
In the beginning……
• Mainly Edinburgh group working at Louvain-la-Neuve
• Collaboration with other European groups e.g. Catania, Leuven,…
• Largely using silicon strip detectors (e.g. LEDA)
• Focussing on reactions relevant to explosive hydrogen burning in novae and X-ray bursters
Nuclear Astrophysics at TRIUMF/ISAC:the TUDA and DRAGON facilities
TUDA
DRAGON
DRAGON: Detector of Recoils And Gammas of Nuclear Reactions
• For radiative capture reactions - (p,γ), (α,γ)
• Recoil mass separator• Windowless gas target• Gamma array• End detectors – silicon
strip detector or ion chamber
Upcoming measurements at DRAGON
Reaction• 19Ne(p,γ)20Νa• 13N(p,γ)14Ο• 12C(α,γ)16Ο• 17F(p,γ)18Νe• 25Al(p,γ)26Si• 11C(p,γ)12N• 15O(α,γ)19Ne• 26m,gAl(p,γ)27Si
Motivation• HCNO breakout• CNO/HCNO• Carbon burning• 18F abundance• 26Al abundance• Hot pp-chains• HCNO breakout• 26Al abundance
13N 14N
15O
15N
14O
17F
18Ne
18F
19Ne
20Na
16O
21Na
20Ne
21Na
22Mg
22Na
23Mg
25Al
21Ne 22Ne
23Na
24Mg 25Mg
27Al26Al
27Si
13C12C
TUDA:the TRIUMF UK Detector Array
• Studying charged particle reactions, e.g (p,p’), (α,p), (d,p)
• Large area, high multiplicity silicon strip arrays – LEDA and CD
• Solid/gas targets• Up to 512 channels• Isolated chamber and
electronics to reduce noise
• VME DAQ
Approved measurements at TUDA
13N 14N
15O
15N
14O
17F
18Ne
18F
19Ne
20Na
16O
21Na
20Ne
21Na
22Mg
22Na
23Mg
25Al
21Ne 22Ne
23Na
24Mg 25Mg
27Al26Al
27Si
13C12C
• 18Ne(α,p)21Na HCNO breakout• 18Ne(d,p)19Ne(α)15O HCNO breakout• 17,18Ne(3He,p)19,20Na HCNO breakout• 18F(p,α)15O 18F abundance• 26Al(p,p’)26Al 26Al abundance• 14O(α,p)17F advanced HCNO• 15O(6Li,d)19Ne HCNO breakout
Reaction Motivation
ISAC II Timeline
• First beam of ~ 4 MeV/u within accelerator hall by end of 2005.
• Beam into experimental hall in summer 2006– First experiment still to be
decided
• High energy resonators to give 6-7 MeV/u should be ready towards end of 2007
ISAC/ISAC II beam development
• FEBIAD source – online tests during 2005• TRILIS laser source
– First experiment last year with 62Ga last year– 26Al beam with high power target this summer
• Present ECR used for Ne and N beams this summer though probably still low intensity
• New ECR purchased to upgrade OLIS• High power target (60-70 uA) to be used this
summer
Advanced detectors for ISAC II:TIGRESS
• NSERC granted funds for TIGRESS
• 16 HPGe detectors• 3 detectors by Feb 06 and
then 3 detectors/year up to 12
• First experiments in 2006• York and Surrey groups
collaborating with TIGRESS to provide zero degree Bragg detector and TIARA-type silicon barrel
Nuclear Astrophysics at Argonne
• Studies of key nuclear level properties – energies, widths, spins
• States populated via fusion evaporation – 12C(12C,n)23Mg– 12C(20Ne,n)31S
• Using Gammasphere and the FMA
DESPEC
• Implantation DSSD system for SuperFRS at GSI/FAIR
• Collaboration between Edinburgh/Liverpool/Daresbury/RAL
• Used to study decay properties of r-process nuclei
• Grant to be submitted in June
ISOLDE
• REX-ISOLDE– currently up to 3.2 MeV/u– upgrade to 4.3 MeV/u
planned– MINIBALL– variety of beam species
though low intensity
Available ISOLDE beamsBlue – only neutron richRed – only neutron deficient
ISOLDE has opportunities for nuclear astrophysics experiments but strong programme yet to develop. Similar situation exists for GANIL
UK Dark Matter research UK Dark Matter research -- UpdateUpdate
Science case stronger than everλCDM now vastly preferred modelMOND rejected through observation (but significant theoretical progress…)
UK Spending Review:PPARC does very badly (real terms 7% cut)Despite this, UKDM awarded £2M+ (4/2005–4/2007)Some focussing of activitiesNew PDRA at Edinburgh (~9/2005)
UKDM 2005-2007 Programme• ZEPLIN II
– Liquid Xenon– Ionisation and scintillation– Currently being deployed underground*– World’s best limit, published, in 18
months**• ZEPLIN III
– Liquid xenon– 2 phase, very advanced technology– Completion of construction, initial testing– Provides input for programme post 2007
• DRIFT II– Directional gas TPC– Modularised. D2A – deployed, working
fantastically– Additional D2B only.
* Friday! ** CDMS competition
ZEPLIN II
DRIFT II
Thanks to…..
The DRAGON collaborationThe TUDA collaboration
The Edinburgh groupThe York group