nubia; jamie, katherine, sharelle

NubiaHistory of a Nile river kingdom

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ThesisThesis The Nubian’s were very advanced with innovative ideas, an

interesting culture, and many difficult environmental factors that made them the great land they were.

The Nubian’s were very advanced with innovative ideas, an interesting culture, and many difficult environmental factors that made them the great land they were.









Culture, Everyday Life, and Cultural Interactions Culture, Everyday Life, and Cultural Interactions

Specific Thesis The Nubian’s cultural advancements played a huge role in their

everyday lives, and their thriving empire.

Specific Thesis The Nubian’s cultural advancements played a huge role in their

everyday lives, and their thriving empire.







Nubian LifeNubian Life Culture

Neolithic 5th millennium- Nubian’s were part of an Agricultural Revolution. Domesticated plants and animals Many sculptures depicting cattle cult

Kerma Evolved from Neolithic around 2400 BC By 1650 BC it was a densely occupied urban center

1500 BC Egypt conquers all of Nubia and is set into a period of war and violence Egypt continued to fall apart due to weak pharaohs and invasions Egypt fell apart

Era of Kush (Kushnites) Nubia was source of products and slaves for Egypt After long Egyptian rule, Kush emerged as a regional power

Culture Neolithic

5th millennium- Nubian’s were part of an Agricultural Revolution. Domesticated plants and animals Many sculptures depicting cattle cult

Kerma Evolved from Neolithic around 2400 BC By 1650 BC it was a densely occupied urban center

1500 BC Egypt conquers all of Nubia and is set into a period of war and violence Egypt continued to fall apart due to weak pharaohs and invasions Egypt fell apart

Era of Kush (Kushnites) Nubia was source of products and slaves for Egypt After long Egyptian rule, Kush emerged as a regional power







Interaction between Nubia and EgyptInteraction between Nubia and Egypt Egypt ruled Kush for a long period Egyptians strongly influence Nubian life Kush’s capital, Napata, became a center for cultural diffusion Nubians built pyramids similar to Egyptians but steeper Regained independence after Egypt's decline in 1100 BC Tried to restore Egypt The Assyrians, war driven, conquered Egypt from Nubian

control Forced to move south, up the Nile by the Assyrians and

despite the loss of Egypt the Kush experienced a golden age.

Egypt ruled Kush for a long period Egyptians strongly influence Nubian life Kush’s capital, Napata, became a center for cultural diffusion Nubians built pyramids similar to Egyptians but steeper Regained independence after Egypt's decline in 1100 BC Tried to restore Egypt The Assyrians, war driven, conquered Egypt from Nubian

control Forced to move south, up the Nile by the Assyrians and

despite the loss of Egypt the Kush experienced a golden age.







Everyday Nubian Life FactsEveryday Nubian Life Facts Mines were an important source of gold not only for Nubia but

for Egypt as well Nubian kings DID conquer Egypt for a short but important time The term “Nubia” is now only applied to the Nubian desert in

upper Sudan and lower Egypt Nubians only adopted Egyptian ideas and religions after

seizing northern power Kings of Kerma (a Nubian kingdom formed shortly after 2000

BC) were buried in a chamber larger than ANY Egyptian pyramid

Mines were an important source of gold not only for Nubia but for Egypt as well

Nubian kings DID conquer Egypt for a short but important time The term “Nubia” is now only applied to the Nubian desert in

upper Sudan and lower Egypt Nubians only adopted Egyptian ideas and religions after

seizing northern power Kings of Kerma (a Nubian kingdom formed shortly after 2000

BC) were buried in a chamber larger than ANY Egyptian pyramid









Afterlife, Government and AchievementsAfterlife, Government and Achievements

Specific Thesis The Nubian’s had an interesting take on the afterlife, but in their

actual lives they had a strong government which achieved many things.

Specific Thesis The Nubian’s had an interesting take on the afterlife, but in their

actual lives they had a strong government which achieved many things.







The AfterlifeThe Afterlife Because of the Egyptian influence on Nubia for such a long

time, their ideas of the afterlife were fairly similar Giant mounds of land covering intricate underground tombs were

used for Nubian burial whereas Egyptians had massive expansive pyramids.

Magical figurines known as shawabties went into tombs of important peoples to serve as workers in the grain fields in heaven The most famous shawabty is the one located in King Taharqo’s

tomb, now on permanent display in Ontario Canada

Because of the Egyptian influence on Nubia for such a long time, their ideas of the afterlife were fairly similar Giant mounds of land covering intricate underground tombs were

used for Nubian burial whereas Egyptians had massive expansive pyramids.

Magical figurines known as shawabties went into tombs of important peoples to serve as workers in the grain fields in heaven The most famous shawabty is the one located in King Taharqo’s

tomb, now on permanent display in Ontario Canada







AchievementsAchievements

Shaduf The water lift. Invented approximately around 1600 BC Its usage was to move water to help deal with flooding and

drought. Ox-Driven waterwheel

It wasn’t greatly appreciated in its time, but in Roman years it was used to irrigate inland crops during the long dry season

Shaduf The water lift. Invented approximately around 1600 BC Its usage was to move water to help deal with flooding and

drought. Ox-Driven waterwheel

It wasn’t greatly appreciated in its time, but in Roman years it was used to irrigate inland crops during the long dry season







Nubian GovernmentNubian Government Had women rulers as well as male Women were usually preferred rulers to men In modern day society a king is higher than the queen but in

few places were the queens more important; Nubia was one of these places.

Queen Shandakhete One of the most significant female rulers of Nubia in its history

Had a “Kandate” form of government It is suggested that due to this great leadership Nubia was not

only as rich as it was but it was highly technologically and artistically advanced

Had women rulers as well as male Women were usually preferred rulers to men In modern day society a king is higher than the queen but in

few places were the queens more important; Nubia was one of these places.

Queen Shandakhete One of the most significant female rulers of Nubia in its history

Had a “Kandate” form of government It is suggested that due to this great leadership Nubia was not

only as rich as it was but it was highly technologically and artistically advanced







Climate, Language, and Geography... Oh my!Climate, Language, and Geography... Oh my!

Specific Thesis Though the leadership was changing, and times were sometimes rough in

this hot dry land; It didn’t keep Nubians from talking…Literally!

Specific Thesis Though the leadership was changing, and times were sometimes rough in

this hot dry land; It didn’t keep Nubians from talking…Literally!







ClimateClimate The year round temperature varied quite widely, but it was

fairly hot and dry Warm months, May-September- 100 Degrees Fahrenheit Rest of year reaches below freezing at night Northern Nubia (now Egypt) rarely saw any rain Southern Nubia (now Sudan) has a large rain season July-

August Saw a great deal of wind all over Nubia, ALL the time. The high

winds made it easy to travel both ways on the Nile Arid desert land

The year round temperature varied quite widely, but it was fairly hot and dry

Warm months, May-September- 100 Degrees Fahrenheit Rest of year reaches below freezing at night Northern Nubia (now Egypt) rarely saw any rain Southern Nubia (now Sudan) has a large rain season July-

August Saw a great deal of wind all over Nubia, ALL the time. The high

winds made it easy to travel both ways on the Nile Arid desert land







LanguagesLanguages Spoken

Fiadidja-Mahas- Spoken currently in modern day Sudan. There are 2 different varieties of this specific Nubian language; Fadidja and Mahas.

Kenuzi-Dongola- Spoken by people of Sudan AND Egypt. Written

Old Nubia had ways (similar to hieroglyphics) to keep archives, but not all were accurate. During the Christian Nubian era the Nubian alphabet resembled the Greek and Coptic ones. The main way to speak Nubian is in way of tones, similar to intonations and chanting.

Spoken Fiadidja-Mahas- Spoken currently in modern day Sudan. There are

2 different varieties of this specific Nubian language; Fadidja and Mahas.

Kenuzi-Dongola- Spoken by people of Sudan AND Egypt. Written

Old Nubia had ways (similar to hieroglyphics) to keep archives, but not all were accurate. During the Christian Nubian era the Nubian alphabet resembled the Greek and Coptic ones. The main way to speak Nubian is in way of tones, similar to intonations and chanting.







GeographyGeography Nubia was directly below Egypt and above modern day Sudan Depended its existence on The Nile Northern Nubia (Egypt) was only desert on either side of Nile

Agriculture All the land nearest the river was widely farmed and all the food

was grown there Growth was only possible in early fall after the flood water from

the Nile had receded Nothing grows in North Nubia

Nubia was directly below Egypt and above modern day Sudan Depended its existence on The Nile Northern Nubia (Egypt) was only desert on either side of Nile

Agriculture All the land nearest the river was widely farmed and all the food

was grown there Growth was only possible in early fall after the flood water from

the Nile had receded Nothing grows in North Nubia

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.







Nubian Fun FactsNubian Fun Facts Nubian women were highly thought of and respected. They

were depicted as being leaders, scholars and goddesses. Unlike most societies of the time, Nubia treated women as equals.

An Interesting fact which makes the study of Nubia much more interesting for the theatre oriented is the Broadway show Aida. It is about a “forbidden love” between the next in line to be the Egyptian pharaoh and the Nubian Princess.

Nubian women were highly thought of and respected. They were depicted as being leaders, scholars and goddesses. Unlike most societies of the time, Nubia treated women as equals.

An Interesting fact which makes the study of Nubia much more interesting for the theatre oriented is the Broadway show Aida. It is about a “forbidden love” between the next in line to be the Egyptian pharaoh and the Nubian Princess.









BibliographyBibliography Stuart Tyson Smith, Dr. Nubia. Web site: http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/faculty/stsmith/research/nubia_history.html Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S.Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, and Dahlia Ibo

Shabaka. World History(Patterns of Interaction). United States of America: McDougal Littel Inc., 1999.

http://ancientearest.tripod.com/Images/SudanNubia.jpg http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/02/black-pharaohs/robert-

draper-text.html http://library.thinkquest.org/22845/introduction/climate.pdf http://www.alovelyworld.com/webegypt/gimage/egy80.jpg http://www.looklex.com/e.o/nubian_l.htm http://www.nubianet.org/about/about_people2.html http://www.freewebs.com/black-legacy/Nubian-workers.jpg http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?

res=9E0CE3DD133CF932A25751C0A964958260 http://www.nubianet.org/about/about_people2.html http://wysinger.homestead.com/kush.html

Stuart Tyson Smith, Dr. Nubia. Web site: http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/faculty/stsmith/research/nubia_history.html Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S.Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, and Dahlia Ibo

Shabaka. World History(Patterns of Interaction). United States of America: McDougal Littel Inc., 1999.

http://ancientearest.tripod.com/Images/SudanNubia.jpg http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/02/black-pharaohs/robert-

draper-text.html http://library.thinkquest.org/22845/introduction/climate.pdf http://www.alovelyworld.com/webegypt/gimage/egy80.jpg http://www.looklex.com/e.o/nubian_l.htm http://www.nubianet.org/about/about_people2.html http://www.freewebs.com/black-legacy/Nubian-workers.jpg http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?

res=9E0CE3DD133CF932A25751C0A964958260 http://www.nubianet.org/about/about_people2.html http://wysinger.homestead.com/kush.html

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