nt&ec session 4 d.punia

8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia

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Networking Technologiesand E-Commerce

Session 4

Dr. Devendra Kumar [email protected]

http://www.linkedin.com/in/devendrakpunia/



Last Session

Internet

TCP/IP protocol

Addressing ± IP address, Domain Name, MAC

Advances in Internet

Internet 2, Converged Networks

VoIP

Extranet, Intranet & VPN

HTTP



W orld W ide W eb ( WWW or W3)

It is different from Internet, it is an

application running on the Internet

It is a collection of interconnected documentsand other resources, linked by hyperlinks and

URLs



W eb trends From communities to networked structures

From centrally defined content and static pages to user drivencontent (Blogs, Wikis, Flickr, Wikipedia) ± democratisation of Knowledge

Web 2.0 either empowers the individual and provides an outlet for the 'voice of the voiceless'; or it elevates the amateur to thedetriment of professionalism, expertise and clarity.

Potential Democratisation, de-centralisation and anarchy ± ³backto the future´ ± the original idea of the Internet e.g. CreativeCommons alternative copyright licences, The Open SourceMovement

Distribution, Aggregation and tagging of various media andcontent ± from hierarchical directories and central ownership to

distributed, user driven ³folksonomies´ and media aggregation From consumers to producers: a recent study from PEW internet

research concluded that 57% of American teens are producingcontent for the web of various nature (blogs, fan-fiction etc.)



W eb 1.0 v/s W eb 2.0

Static

Brochureware

Personal web site

Britannica Online

Directories

(taxonomy)

Bookmarking sites

Dynamic

Customisation

BlogWikipedia

Tagging (folksonomy)

Social bookmarking



W eb 2.0

Web 2.0 refers to a perceived second

generation of web development & design,that facilitates communication, secureinformation sharing, interoperability, andcollaboration on the World Wide Web.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

Business embracing the web as a platformand using its strengths (Tim O¶Reilly)

Building applications and services around theunique features of the Internet



W eb 2.0

Architecture of participation where users can

contribute website content

The reciprocity between the user and theprovider is emphasized (Stephen Fry)

The philosophy of mutually maximizingcollective intelligence and added value foreach participant by formalized and dynamicinformation sharing and creation (Högg, Meckel,

Stanoevska-Slabeva, Martignoni)



W eb 2.0

Characteristics

Active user participation

Rich user experience

Dynamic, often user-generated content

Meta data and Web standards

Scalability



W eb 2.0 Features ± SLATES (Andrew McAfee)

Search The ease of finding information through keyword search.

Links Ad-hoc guides to other relevant information.

Authoring The ability to create constantly updating content. In wikis, the

content is iterative in the sense that users undo and redo eachother's work. In blogs, content is cumulative in that posts andcomments of individuals are accumulated over time.

Tags Categorization of content by creating tags: simple, one-word

user-determined descriptions to facilitate searching and avoidrigid, pre-made categories.

Extensions Powerful algorithms that leverage the Web as an application

platform as well as a document server.

Signals The use of RSS technology to rapidly notify users of content

changes



W eb 2.0

Applications

Forums (phpBB)

Blogs (Wordpress, Blogger)

Wikis (MediaWiki)

Social networks (Facebook, Myspace, Orkut, LinkedIn)

Social search (Digg, Del.icio.us, Furl)

Multimedia sharing (YouTube, Picassa, Flickr)

Virtual worlds (SecondLife)

Middleware

Syndication feeds (Atom, RSS)

Mashups

Technologies

XHTML, XML, CSS, Ajax, Microformats



Forums

Older than Internet (BBS)

Unstructured free-form discussion

Any-to-any conversation

Usually focuses on short-term issues

High noise-to-content ratio Rarely results in usable content

R isks: flame wars, Internet trolls



Blogs (weB Logs )

Initial idea: online personal diaries

One-to-many communication, readersparticipate through comments to blog posts

Social networking through trackbacks

Currently also used for: Media news and commentaries (replacing

traditional media)

Independent product analysis and review

Corporate news

Event announcements Education

Any content with simple structure

Advantage: Simple publishing mechanism



W ikis

The ultimate collaboration tool

Content is user-generated

Users can edit/adapt the content (sometimes basedon access rights)

History of all changes is kept to prevent information

loss and vandalism Usages: Encyclopedias, Knowledge databases

R isks:

Information is only as reliable as its authors

Sometimes you can¶t check the authors¶ credentials

Unless used in closed group needs constantmonitoring



Social networks ² LinkedIn.com

Targeted at professionals

Build your connections from classmates, friends,colleagues, coworkers and business partners

Personal use:

Get back in touch with friends/colleagues

Get recommendations for your work Apply for job offers

Business use:

Find informal contacts with people you need

Get answers and opinions from your peers

Keep track of former employees / partners

Informal human resources tool

Recruiting/job offers



Folksonomies

Keywords, tags, metadata

Created by groups/communities who are theresource users Feedback loop is key Used for bookmarking, Images, video and sound,

other areas (events, goals, colours etc.) Many flaws in the approach (ambiguity, searching

etc.) Many potential benefits (cheap and extendable,

added value metadata etc.) I

mplications include shift in metadata creation,trigger for communication, snap shot of currentworld, spam

Library use, IT services use ± shared resources



Factors contributing to rise of W eb 2.0

Social

Business

Technology



Social factors

Spread of Broadband

Increasingly ubiquitous connections

A generation of ³web natives´

Living on the web

Social networking; blogging; instant messenger Create, not just consume

Some hard lessons about data ownership

Don¶t steal my data; don¶t lock me in



Business factors

Exploit the Long Tail

At internet scale even niche communities are verylarge

Success of web services

No need to own the user interface. It's your datathat they want

Users can enrich your data

Harnessing collective intelligence of users´

Review and Recommend; Social Bookmarking;Folksonomies



Technology factors

The Power of XML

Easier to exchange and process applicationindependent data

Agile Engineering

Incrementally developer your product; shortrelease cycles

Continually adapt to user needs

³The Perpetual Beta´

Maturation of the browser XHTML, DOM, CSS, Javascript

Browser as platform, not just document viewer



Enterprise 2.0

Social software used in "enterprise³

(business) contexts

Includes social and networked modificationsto company intranets and other classicsoftware platforms used by large companiesto organize their communication

In contrast to traditional enterprise software,which imposes structure prior to use, this

generation of software tends to encourageuse prior to providing structure.



Enterprise 1.0 v/s Enterprise 2.0Hierarchy

Friction

Bureaucracy

Inflexibility

IT-driven technology/ Lack of user control

Top down

Centralized

Teams are in one building/ one time zoneSilos and boundaries

Need to know

Information systems are structured anddictated

Taxonomies

Overly complexClosed/ proprietary standards

Scheduled

Long time-to-market cycles

Flat Organization

Ease of Organization Flow

Agility

Flexibility

User-driven technology

Bottom up

Distributed

Teams are globalFuzzy boundaries, open borders

Transparency

Information systems are emergent

Folksonomies

SimpleOpen

On Demand

Short time-to-market cycles



Social computing Social Networking: Keeping your contacts online

trough a web interface with a useful representation of them. Social Calendaring: Shared agendas for events

arrangement and meetings planning. Social Bookmarking: Your links and references to

different kinds of resources live online. Social Tagging (Folksonomies): An unintentional,

collective effort of categorizing the Web, with addedsocial significance.

Socialware: del.icio.us, de.lirio.us, BlogMarks,Wists, LinkedIn, eConozco, Orkut, 43Things, flickr... µalways in ³permanent beta´ offering open APIs keeping certain level of µhackability¶ as an enabler for

improving USER INNOVATION



Social computing It¶s not about technology: the addition of human (social)

significance to our online interactions is driving the emergence

of a real (cyber) social environment, that extends seamlessly tothe ³real world´.

It¶s about people and their social (networking) activity goingonline to be expanded and amplified by network effects, and theviral nature of the information flowing through the Internet. It¶s

about social networks which we are getting linked to,making The Network itself more social (humane).

Although we can not f orget about technology and the³Digital Universal Network´ that is in the background ± beingthe Internet its most visible component - supporting the Web2.0 emergence, and keeping the user innovation pace.



R eference UR Ls

http://delicious.com/

http://digg.com/search?s=e-commerce http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/

http://www.merawindows.com/AboutUs.aspx

http://technet.microsoft.com/hi-in/default.aspx http://www.cisco.com/web/IN/support/index.html

http://advocatekhoj.com/

http://www.google.co.in/intl/en/options/

http://broadbandforum.in/ http://www.ciol.com/

http://www.lead.timesofindia.com/

http://www.indiatimes.com/



Thanks

nt&ec session 4 d.punia

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