ntc module 9 endocrine · 2019. 2. 25. · ntc module 9: endocrine 1/13/2017 1 module 9 endocrine 1...

NTC Module 9: Endocrine 1/13/2017

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MODULE 9MODULE 9EndocrineEndocrine

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MODULE 9 OBJECTIVES

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List the 5 classes of lipid and water soluble hormones and identify the components of each1

State the Big Ideas for Endocrine Health2

Describe how each of the Foundations support the endocrine system3

Describe how a chronic stress response degrades the endocrine system

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5 Describe two ways in which the administration of HRT or BHRT can exacerbate endocrine problems


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THE BIG IDEAS

Copyright © 2016 Nutritional Therapy Association, Inc. 3

1. Endocrine is a system of complex relationships. Always support the whole as well as the parts.

2. Respect the endocrine individuality of each client.

3. Always address The Foundations first.

Overview:The Endocrine

System



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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM


• The Endocrine system is all about hormones and hormones are all about communication

─ The body creates more than 100 hormones

─ Hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another

Functions of Hormones

• Help Regulate:

‐Chemical composition & volume of extra cellular fluid

‐Metabolism and energy balance‐Biological clock (circadian rhythms)‐Contractions of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers‐Glandular secretion‐Some immune system activities

• Control growth and development

• Govern operation of reproductive systems

CLASSES OF HORMONES


Hormones fall into one of five classes:

Lipid Soluble Water Soluble

• Steroid Hormones (derived from cholesterol)

• Thyroid Hormones (iodine atoms + tyrosine)

• Amines (modified amino acids)

• Peptides and Proteins (chains of amino acids)

• Eicosanoids (derived from fatty acids)


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ENDOCRINE GLANDS


Endocrine glands, as well as other organs/tissues from other systems, produce hormones. Endocrine glands produce hormones that deliver messages from the organ/tissue of

origin, to other parts of the body

• Pineal

• Pituitary

• Thyroid

• Parathyroid

• Thymus

• Adrenals

• Pancreas

• Ovaries/Testes

• Adipose Tissue

Endocrine Glands

pineal gland

testes

OTHER HORMONE‐PRODUCING ORGANS


Non‐endocrine organs are organs/tissues that produce hormones that deliver messages within

the organ/tissue only:

lungs

skin heart

stomach liver

kidneysmallintestines


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ENDOCRINE RELATIONSHIPS

Follic le

Medulla

Cortex

Pituitary

Corpora Lutea

Placenta

Para-Thyroid

Gonads

Thymus

Liver

Pancreas

Duodenum

Adrenals

Thyroid Pineal

Mammae

Cooperation Antagonism

HORMONES: ORCHESTRATING BALANCE


The coordinated movement, synthesis, and dispersal of hormones is like an orchestra…all the instruments need to play

together to achieve harmony.


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MINOR PLAYER: PINEAL GLAND


• The pineal gland is a small gland located in the brain

• The physiological role of the pineal gland is still unclear, though it secretes at least one hormone:

• MELATONIN: An amine hormone that helps set the timing of the body’s biological clock

Follic le

Medulla

Cortex

Pituitary

Corpora Lutea

Placenta

Para-Thyroid

Gonads

Thymus

Liver

Pancreas

Duodenum

Adrenals

Thyroid Pineal

Mammae


Adrenals

MAJOR PLAYERS


Pituitary

Thyroid

Sex Organs


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HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY

ENDOCRINE REGULATORY MECHANISM:

THE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP


Endocrine Organ

Hypothalamus

Pituitary

Endocrine Gland

Increase Hormone Production

Endocrine Organ

Hypothalamus

Pituitary

Endocrine Gland

Decrease Hormone Production


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THE THYROID


• The thyroid gland is one of the primary players in the regulation of metabolism

• Two thyroid hormones do most of this work: T4 (inactive) and T3 (active)

• T3 affects virtually every organ of the body by acting as a modulator of cell functions

METABOLISM OF THYROID HORMONE


TRH

TSH

Target Organs

T3


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ACTIONS OF T4 AND T3


Thyroid Hormones regulate:

• Oxygen use and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

• Cellular metabolism

• Growth and development

• The activity of the nervous system Thyroid Hormones also:

• Stimulate the synthesis of protein

• Increase the use of glucose for ATP production

• Increase lipolysis (chemical breakdown of fats)

• Enhance cholesterol excretion, reducing blood cholesterol levels

THYROID HEALTH


• The thyroid is extremely sensitive to stress and toxins:

─ Heavy metals

─ Foreign substances

─ Drugs, such as aspirin

─ Food allergies

─ Endocrine imbalances

• Large amounts of goitrogenic foods can also block the conversion of T4 to T3

Goitrogenic foods

• Cabbage

• Broccoli

• Brussels sprouts

• Rutabaga

• Turnips

• Cauliflower

• Millet

• Kale

• Soy


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THYROID DYSFUNCTION


Common Thyroid Disorders

• Hypothyroidism (see NAQ symptoms 259‐267)

• Hyperthyroidism (see NAQ symptoms 252‐258)

• Goiters • Nodules • Cysts• Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders*

• Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: may initially present as hyperthyroid and leads to hypothyroid

• Grave’s Disease: hyperthyroid function presents

*Occur when the immune system mounts an attack against thyroid cells

THYROID DYSFUNCTION CAUTION


IMPORTANT NOTE:

Though Iodine deficiency is a common cause of hypothyroidism, supplemental use is CONTRAINDICATEDwith autoimmune thyroid disorders. If multiple thyroid symptoms present and client is unaware of autoimmune

disease diagnosis, refer client to Functional Endocrinologist for further evaluation.


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THE ADRENALS


The Adrenals have three basic hormonal functions:

1 Glucocorticoids regulate blood sugar and inflammation,an important part of the “fight or flight” mechanism

2 Mineralocorticoids regulate mineral balance, particularly sodium and potassium

3 Production of sex hormones

THE SEX GLANDS


The ovaries produce the female sex hormones, estrogens and progesterone, after puberty and prior to menopause

The testes produce the primary male sex hormone, testosterone

These sex hormones are steroid hormones, meaning they are produced from cholesterol


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Endocrine Issues


ENDOCRINE DECLINE


Female Decline

Male Decline


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THE ENDOCRINE CASCADE

Copyright © 2016 Nutritional Therapy Association, Inc.

Blood Sugar Imbalances

Adrenals

Pituitary

Thyroid

SexHormones

• Stress

• Toxins

• Poor Diet

• Poor Digestion

• Mineral Deficiencies

• EFA Deficiency

• Dehydration

Endocrine Cascade Offenders

DIAGNOSIS: MENOPAUSE?


Feminine Forever

Hormones?

Exercise?Diet?

OR

Menopause


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MALE INFERTILITY


The rise in male infertility is approaching epidemic proportions.

A French research of 1,300 healthy men found sperm counts down by 33% in the last 20 years. The

younger of the men (30 years old) had the poorest counts.

American men were found to have a 60% drop in sperm levels from 1940 to 1990. From 163 to 66 million sperm/ml in sperm density plus a 20%

reduction in seminal volume.

MALE INFERTILITY (CONTINUED)


• A minimum sperm density is necessary to increase the likelihood of fertilization

• The minimum values are changing:• Was greater than 40 million sperm/ml

• Then 20

• Then 10

• Now 5 million sperm/ml

• Only 1 in 5 millionsperm actually reach the egg


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MALE INFERTILITY (CONTINUED)


163

66

050

50

100

150

200

1940 1970 1990 2020 2050

Sperm Density in M

illions/ml

STRENGTHEN THE WEAKNESS


• Zinc therapy improved sperm count in men with low counts (60 mg/day for 6 weeks)

• Nine out of 22 (~41%) previously infertile couples conceived during the course of the study

• It is believed that Zinc plays an important role in contributing to improved sperm motility


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REMOVE THE STRESSORS


“More and more studies are emerging that support the theory that pesticides (DDT, etc…) and

other chemicals (PCBs, etc…), which are widespread in the environment, imitate hormones (T3, Estrogen) and disrupt sexual

development in the womb (as seen in lab animals).”

Dr. Earl Gray, Environmental Protection Agency

Chief of Developmental Reproduction and Toxicology Research

PREVENTION AND SOLUTIONS


1 Support the Foundations─ Digestion

─ Blood Sugar

─ Minerals (especially zinc)

2 Strengthen the following

organ systems:─ Liver and kidneys

─ Thyroid

─ Reproductive organs

3 Identify and remove the toxic

burden stressors:─ Read “Our Stolen Future”

by Theo Colborn


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BPH


Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy affects:─ 90% of men over 80

─ 50‐60% of men ages 40 to 60

─ 10% of men ages 20 to 40

Urinary Tract symptoms:

─ Low stream of urine

─ High frequency of urination

─ Incontinence

─ Impotence

CAUSES OF BPH


• Testosterone is converted to Di‐hydro testosterone (DHT) by 5 alpha reductase─ DHT is considered to be the toxic form of testosterone

• DHT binds androgen receptors and:─ Stimulates prostate growth

─ Causes acne

─ Causes male pattern baldness


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The Journal of The Maine Medical Association

March 1958

PREVENTION AND SOLUTIONS


1 Prevent by addressing the Foundations

─ Zinc (may inhibit 5 alpha reductase)

─ Fatty acids (omega 3 reduces risk)

─ Iodine (mobilizes calcium)

2 Saw palmetto

─ Inhibits 5‐AR and DHT binding

─ 92% effective without side effects

3 Glutamic acid, alanine, glycine

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5

Lycopene

Vitamins C, D, E, and beta carotene


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A NOTE ON PROSTATE CANCER


Prostate cancer has many of the same signs and symptoms as BPH.

Incidence in 2011:

• 240,890 new cases/year (more than breast cancer)

• 33,720 deaths/year (breast cancer‐39,970)

*American Cancer Society Cancer Facts and Figures 2011

CAUSES OF PROSTATE CANCER


1 Lifestyle─ Mortality in Black Americans is 2 times higher than whites

─ 2 per 10,000 in China vs. 20 per 10,000 in Chinese Americans

─ 10 per 10,000 in Japan vs. 33 per 10,000 in Japanese Americans

─ Increased in farmers, food manufacturing, cadmium metal workers, and milk drinkers

2 Genetic link─ Clusters in families

─ Gene for protein that suppresses metastasis

3 DHT stimulates induction of prostatic growth


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PREVENTION


The best way to prevent prostate cancer is to promote good prostate

health

ENDOCRINE SUMMARY


Follicle

Medulla

Cortex

Pituitary

Corpora Lutea

Placenta

Para-Thyroid

Gonads

Thymus

Liver

Pancreas

Duodenum

Adrenals

Thyroid Pineal

Mammae


Excerpt from Harrowers “Endocrinology”

Medulla

Pancreas Cortex

Liver

Adrenals

Duodenum

Para-Thyroid

Pituitary

Gonads

Thyroid

CorporaLutea

Mammae

Placenta

Follicle

Thymus

Immune

Endocrine

The Foundations

• The Endocrine System is a complex system of delicate, interconnected relationships

• ALWAYS treat the whole system for hormone‐related issues, keeping in mind that you may need to provide support for specific organs such as the adrenals


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The Foundations and

Endocrine Health

FIRST LINE OF SUPPORT


Always address The Foundations first when dealing with hormonal issues


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DIETARY SUPPORT


Hormones Derived From … Dietary Needs

Steroid Hormones Cholesterol • Good fats

• Unrefined, complex carbs

Thyroid Hormones Iodine Atoms + Tyrosine • Iodine

• Quality proteins

Amine Hormones Modified Amino Acids • Quality proteins

Peptide and Protein Hormones Chains of Amino Acids • Quality proteins

Eicosanoid Hormones Fatty Acids • Good fats (including EFAs)

DIGESTION

Copyright © 2016 Nutritional Therapy Association, Inc.44

1. Brain

Bolus

3. Stomach

Chyme

4. Small Intestine

Liver/Gallbladder

Pancreas

5. Large Intestine

Remains

Feces

Nutrients

Water/Vitamins

2. Mouth

Salivary Glands


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MINERAL BALANCE


Every endocrine organ has a mineral on which it is particularly dependent:

Mineral Balance in Endocrine

Thyroid Iodine

Prostate Zinc

Pituitary Manganese

Pancreas Chromium

Gonads Selenium

Adrenals Copper

FATTY ACIDS


• EFAs and other fats are critical to the entire endocrine system

─ The body cannot make hormones without fats

• Endocrine factories are inside the cells and phospholipids control what goes in and out of the cell

• A healthy cell membrane is also needed for the cellular/hormonal communication to take place


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HYDRATION


• Hydration supports the efficient transport of hormones throughout the body

• Hydration ensures proper viscosity of the blood and interstitial fluids


Blood Sugar and

the Endocrine System


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BLOOD SUGAR REGULATION


Keep in mind that any attempt to normalize hormonal imbalances is futile until blood sugar/adrenal issues are

addressed

A DELICATE BALANCING ACT


Normal Glucose Level

~100 mg/dL

89.9 mg/dL

~80 mg/dL

Food

Insulin

Between Meals

Glucagon


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PRIMITIVE EMERGENCIES



60 mg/dL

89.9 mg/dL

80 mg/dL

40 mg/dL

EMERGENCY

Adrenals fire: adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol

PRIMITIVE EMERGENCIES (CONTINUED)



60 mg/dL

89.9 mg/dL

80 mg/dL

40 mg/dL

EMERGENCY

Adrenals fireLiver produces and releases more glucose

When the adrenals fire, the body listens


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SO, LET’S DEFINE “STRESS”


• In today’s world, the primitive emergencies that consistently put our adrenals in a state of

“chronic” stress include:

─ Refined sugars and a high glycemic diet (the major culprit)

─ Coffee and other stimulants

─ Alcohol

─ The morning commute

─ Emotional stress

─ Digestive compromises

─ Nutritional weaknesses

─ Disease/Other Pathologies

BASIC CONCEPT


Chronic Stress Response

Chronic output of

CORTISOL


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CHRONICALLY HIGH CORTISOL: ITS

IMPACTS


ElevatedCortisol

Decreased Phase II

ConjugationObesity

Estrogen Dominance

Insulin Resistance

Androgen Dominance

Thyroid Metabolism

Defects

Antigen Overload

Pituitary Imbalance

Decreased Metabolic

Rate

Abnormal Progesterone

Estrogen Ratio

Low T3

Decreased Liver Detox

Increased Cancer Risk

Increased Intestinal

Permeability

Adrenal Exhaustion

Reactive Hypoglycemia

Low Progesterone

Depression

Decreased Immunity

Low DHEA

Decreased Fat

Metabolism

Obesity

Inflammatory Response

Altered EFA Metabolism

Intestinal Dysbiosis

THE LIVER TAKES A HIT


• The liver is responsible for deactivating hormones that are in excess or are no longer functional

• These hormones have to be broken down, conjugated, and removed from the body

• Elevated cortisol levels decrease the effectiveness of the liver pathways thatperform the conjugation


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THE PANCREAS TAKES A HIT


• When cortisol levels are elevated, insulin receptors on cells do not respond adequately to insulin

• This puts a strain on the pancreas to secrete more insulin in order to transport glucose into the cells

• This leads to high insulin levels and all the adverse impacts that come along with it

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TAKES A HIT



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A NOTE ON PREGNENOLONE


• Pregnenolone is considered a “precursor” to the production of the adrenal and sex hormones

• Only the Adrenal Glands can remove and concentrate pregnenolone from the bloodstream

• The Gonads must manufacture their own pregnenolone from cholesterol

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (CONTINUED)


Cholesterol Pregnenolone

• This is a catabolic process, requiring extreme use of energy

• Only so much Pregnenolone can be produced by the body


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THE PROLONGED STRESS RESPONSE


This process is considered a major priority by the body. It is our fight or flight survival response!

Adrenal function is favored over reproduction, metabolic rate and other endocrine function. The adrenal glands

are therefore allowed to “steal” nutrients and hormonal precursors from the rest of the endocrine

system.

CLINICAL PEARL


The gonads may release pregnenolone to help make more cortisol, depleting

sex hormone reserves

Giving Pregnenolone or Progesterone at this time will fuel

the stress response, further increasing cortisol production

Do not supplement with pregnenolone, progesterone or cortisol until the chronic stress response is abated, and

cortisol production reduced


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INSULIN RESISTANCE


ElevatedCortisol

Insulin Resistance

Increased Testosterone in

Women

Increased Estrogen in Men

Elevated Blood Pressure and Cholesterol

Poor Mineral Absorption by

Cells

Inflammation Issues

(Excess Insulin Blocks PG1 Pathway)

MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION


The adrenal glands take over the main production of estrogen from the ovaries

at this time.

Adrenal function MUST be supported at this time. Begin with balancing her blood

sugar handling system.


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THE ENDOCRINE CASCADE


Blood Sugar Imbalances

Adrenals

Pituitary

Thyroid

SexHormones

• Stress

• Toxins

• Poor Diet

• Poor Digestion

• Mineral Deficiencies

• EFA Deficiency

• Dehydration

Endocrine Cascade Offenders

A Note on

BHRTBio‐Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy



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BHRT


Be educated so that you may educate your clients

It is absolutely essential that a person be tested properly before beginning any form of BHRT, rather than relying on symptomatic

presentation only. Refer your client to someone capable of ordering and

interpreting these tests.

WHAT IS A BIO‐IDENTICAL HORMONE?


Bio Identical Hormones are naturally derived substances that have the “identical” biochemical

structure to the hormones found in the body. They come from either wild yam or soybeans.

However, they do require the addition of certain enzymes and activators to convert them into the actual functioning hormone. This happens in a

laboratory. Questions arise regarding their “natural” status because of this process.


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BUT… WHY?


• Giving hormones will directly squelch the HPT/PT Negative Feedback loop

• Hormonal Resistance: Sx of deficiency in the presence of excess (remember insulin resistance?)

• Progesterone, pregnenolone and DHEA can increase already high cortisol levels in cases of chronic stress

WHY (CONTINUED)


• Giving testosterone to men (without testing), can increase both DHT and estrogen levels

• Giving estrogen to women in insulin resistance can increase already high testosterone levels

• And of course, giving estrogen inappropriately to women causes estrogen dominance which is at the root of most female cancers, uterine and breast fibroid incidence and ovarian cyst occurrence


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Endocrine Health: Solutions

A NOTE ON GLANDULAR THERAPY


Glandular therapy, or organotherapy, refers to the use of specific animal preparations to improve physiological function and support the natural

healing process.

Glandular supplements contain the cytoplasm and cytosol extracts of the specific gland used to make the supplement. These extracts act as precursors

for the target organ.

There is also considerable evidence that the nucleic

material in the glandular can enhance immune function.


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HISTORICALLY


• Natural Healers from almost every culture have used glands therapeutically for thousands of years

• In the 1930’s, glandular therapy in clinical practice was common

• The importance of supplementation with glandulars was emphasized by physicians, such as Frances Pottenger, M.D. and Royal Lee, D.D.S

• Scientific advances of the last 20 years can now answer questions regarding the efficacy of glandular therapy

COMMON QUESTIONS


Do glandular products survive the digestive tract, and are they absorbed?

Evidence from radioactive tagging shows that proteins, polypeptides, enzymes, etc. are absorbed intact. Approximately 50% of amino acids are absorbed as di‐ and tri‐peptides, many of which are biologically active.

If glandular constituents are absorbed orally, what is the evidence for their specific effects on glands and organs?

Experiments have shown that labeled constituents, such as tissue growth factors, accumulate in the target tissue. Studies have shown that ingested raw glandular concentrates exhibit organ specificity and act on that target organ.

Q.

A.

Q.

A.


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GLANDULAR THERAPY


“By feeding patients simple proteins that mimic human proteins involved in the diseases, researchers are finding that they can suppress the autoimmune attack, retard the course of the disease and alleviate suffering. Moreover, the treatments seem to be free of side effects.”

October 15, 1993

NEONATAL GLANDULAR PRODUCTS

Copyright © 2016 Nutritional Therapy Association, Inc.76

Neonatal

Adult

Adrenal function declines with age. Adrenal glands from newborn animals reveal distinct, well‐defined zones for the cortex and medulla.

Adult glands lacked clear boundaries and were more diffuse.

Adult adrenal tissue shows evidence of large amounts of lipofuscin, an indicator of

lifelong exposure to oxidative stress and lipid

peroxidation.


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HORMONE REPLACEMENT?


Conventional wisdom ascribes the effects of glandulars to the presence of small amounts of hormones, thus the use of glandulars is often viewed as hormone replacement. In fact, the situation is quite different. Glandular products provide a balance of multiple factors to promote growth and maintenance of organs and glands rather than excess (pharmacologic level) of a single hormone or factor.

YOUR STRATEGY


The Foundations Practitioner Decisions

• 2‐3 months on The Foundations, emphasizing blood sugar regulation:

Ensure good fatty acids are in the diet Ensure minerals are balanced Support the adrenals

• If the client is having discomfort, simultaneously support the specific, weakened organ(s)

• General support for the endocrine system

Re‐evaluate as needed


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ENDOCRINE PROTOCOLS


• PMS

• Menstrual Cramping

• Heavy/Scanty Menstrual Flow

• Endometriosis

• Female Libido

• Female Infertility

• Morning Sickness

• Lactation, Dried Up

• Postpartum Depression

• To Shrink Uterus After Pregnancy

• Varicose Veins

• Vaginal Tract Dry

• Vaginal Yeast

• Hot Flashes

• Menopausal Support

• Male Libido

• Male Fertility

• Benign Prostate Hypertrophy

• Male Erectile Dysfunction

• Hypothyroid

• Hyperthyroid

• Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

• Hypoadrenia

• Hyperadrenia

• Diabetes

• Hypoglycemia

MODULE 9 SUMMARY

80

List the 5 classes of lipid and water soluble hormones and identify the components of each1

State the Big Ideas for Endocrine Health2

Describe how each of the Foundations support the endocrine system3

Describe how a chronic stress response degrades the endocrine system

4

5 Describe two ways in which the administration of HRT or BHRT can exacerbate endocrine problems

ntc module 9 endocrine · 2019. 2. 25. · ntc module 9: endocrine 1/13/2017 1 module 9 endocrine 1...

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