nscu 302 wk 4 1
TRANSCRIPT
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
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Major Parts of a Plant– Leaves
Where photosynthesis occurs
– Seeds Method of sexual
reproduction
– Flower Site where reproduction
occurs
– Stem Transports nutrients and
supports the plant
– Root take in nutrients and
anchor plant
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Types of Seeds
Monocots– A seed with only one cotyledon– All grasses are monocots– Flower parts in threes – Leaves with parallel primary veins Dicots– A seed with two cotyledons– Flower parts in fours or fives – Leaves with distinct vein network – All broadleaf plants are dicots
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Male Parts of the Flower
Stamen- Makes up all male parts
Pollen- Male sex cell, similar to sperm
Anther- Sac-like structure on top of the filament
Filament- Short stalk that holds the anther
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Female Parts of the Flower
Pistil- Makes up all female parts
Ovules- Female sex cell, similar to the egg
Stigma- Sticky part of the system, catches pollen
Style-Tube that leads from the stigma to the ovary
Ovary- Place where ovule is fertilized by the pollen, Turns into a fruit or seed coat
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VASCULAR TISSUE 2 MAJOR TYPES:
– XYLEM TISSUE– PHLOEM TISSUE– Found together in VASCULAR BUNDLES– Arise primarily from apical meristem– Arise secondarily from vascular cambium
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XYLEM TISSUE CONDUCTS WATER PROVIDES MECHANICAL SUPPORT 2 TYPES OF XYLEM CELLS:
– TRACHEIDS:– VESSEL ELEMENTS:
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PHLOEM TISSUE CONDUCTS SUGARS COMPOSED OF TWO CELL TYPES:
– SIEVE-TUBE MEMBERS– COMPANION CELLS
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Sieve tube members Form sieve tubes to conduct sugars
throughout plant Lack nuclei, ribosomes, vacuoles, etc.
Vascular
bundle
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xylem
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Stems Transports food, water, and nutrients
Supports the leaves and flowers
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Parts of the Stem – Xylem
Water and minerals travel up to other plant parts
– Phloem
Manufactured food travels down to other plant parts
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Types of Root Systems – Fibrous Roots
– Easier to transplant
Short, small, compact roots
– Tap Root
– Difficult to transplant, since most of the tap root is cut-off
Tap root is primarily used for storage of food
In both types, most nutrients and water are absorbed by root hair
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Fibrous Roots– Monocots– Several roots of same size w/ branching
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Roots can be adapted for storage of nutrients:– Example: Carrot (Taproot)
Sweet Potato (Fibrous Root)
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Plant Processes – Photosynthesis
Mixes light, water, and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll to produce sugar and oxygen
– Respiration
Combines sugars and oxygen to give off water and heat
– Transpiration
– Loss of water through the leaves or stems
– Causes wilting when soil is dry
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Gravity Wind Force
Animal
Water Wind
Dispersal of Seeds