CHAPTER 1

NJROTC LEADERSHIP

LESSON TOPIC OBJECTIVES:

Cite two advantages of unit

leadership.

Explain the three things required for

leadership positions to exist.

Explain the relationship between good

followership and good leadership.

LESSON TOPIC OBJECTIVES : cont..

Explain that personal relationships

determine a leader's overall

effectiveness.

Describe at least ten character traits

of an effective leader.

Now in your second year of NJROTC,

you may have advanced to petty officer

third or second class with leadership

duties in a squad or platoon.

Drill Team

You may now

be a member

of:

The key to advancement is to be ready

and at the door when the door opens.

You may have advanced, but if not,

keep trying. You will advance when you

are qualified and there are openings.

Meanwhile, as an experienced cadet,

you can and should help cadets in NS1.

Everyone must help, so the unit will be

a good team.

~ Squad Leaders

~ Assistant squad leaders

~ Platoon Guides

have special responsibilities

Know your responsibilities.

Look after, guide, and train others.

LEADERSHIP

Your first rule must be to set the

best example possible.

One that is representative of a

group as a whole

One serving as a pattern of a

specific kind

Example

Your uniform should be:

• clean • pressed • neat • ship-shape

with squared away awards and insignia,

and without loose or dangling threads.

Your shoes should always be shined as

another way to set the example.

It is better (and easier) to answer a

question by showing an example,

to assist the telling.

Your NJROTC

Cadet Field Manual

is a good reference

on how to wear the

uniform correctly.

Setting an example with:

~ proper uniform

~ taking direction

~ sharp marching

~ snappy salutes

will be a better guide than what you say.

Your subordinates will learn more by

watching and following your example

than by what you tell them. Saying it but

not doing it is unsatisfactory (unsat).

Belonging to a lower class or rank;

secondary

Subject to the authority or control

of another

Subordinate

Leadership and responsibility begin

with setting the example yourself.

The social force that binds you to

your obligations and the courses of

action demanded by that force

The proper sphere or extent of your

activities

A form of trustworthiness; the trait

of being answerable to someone for

something or being responsible for

one’s conduct

Responsibility

Each leader may have a different

approach yet be equally successful.

Leadership depends on three things.

The act or condition of following

a leader; adherence

Followership

"Able leaders emerge from the ranks

of able followers."

After learning to be good followers the

first year,

Effective leadership at the top depends

on effective leadership at lower levels.

Cadet officers work their way up,

gradually becoming better leaders as

they mature in experience, age, and rank.

Admiral

Chester Nimitz

Even so-called

natural leaders

have to develop

through

experience, by

handling

increasingly

complex

situations while

learning from

successes and

failures.

Some people may have a flair for

leadership through:

~ appearance ~ stature ~ academics

~ athletics ~ speeches

~ command presence

To direct with authority;

give orders to

To have control or authority

over; rule

To exercise dominating,

authoritative influence over

Command

Anything may give early leaders a head

start, but they must also have initiative

and a willingness to lead.

Some early leaders will fade; others

will emerge after a slow start.

Leadership is not easily taught or

learned, but leaders are made, not born.

The power or ability to begin

or to follow through energetically

with a plan or task; enterprise and

determination

Initiative

NJROTC seeks to help each cadet gain

leadership experience that will be

useful in almost any situation.

Leaders must use their experiences,

but also learn from new situations.

Successful leaders analyze their styles,

adjust, and improve with each new job.

As a second year cadet, you now have

experience as a follower and are in a

position to guide and help this year’s

new cadets into the unit.

School and Program Directives

You have already learned that to be a

good leader, you must first be a good

follower. All levels must be able to take

orders.

A command given by a superior

requiring obedience, as in the

execution of a task

Orders

To be a leader, you must be dedicated

to leadership itself, to the job you are

given, and to accomplishing the

required work with your teammates.

As a leader, you must be more self

disciplined in your appearance, dress,

and conduct, at all times setting high

standards by example for your followers.

To train by instruction and practice,

especially to teach self-control to

Trained mentally or physically by

instruction or exercise

Disciplined

U.S. Navy Memorial

Explosive Ordnance Disposal

As a cadet officer, you will not be

making life-depending decisions, but

your experiences are a beginning.

With input from your group, you will

study pros and cons, then decide how

to best get the job done.

With responsibility to seniors,

subordinates, job, and unit, you will

learn to work effectively with others.

The favorable and the unfavorable

factors or reasons; advantages and

disadvantages

Pros and Cons

Know your business.

Know yourself.

Know your personnel.

Three basic things to remember in

developing leadership abilities:

NJROTC optional programs/activities to

develop leadership skills.

~ each about 2 weeks with travel.

• Basic Leadership Training

• Leadership Academies

• Summer programs

In addition, field trips to various

Navy bases, ships, and air

stations are a good way to learn

about the Navy and its people.

Leaders must associate with seniors,

peers, juniors, and the public.

Those relationships will greatly affect

your leadership effectiveness.

These associations are called

personal relations.

The manner in which an individual

interacts with others

Personal Relations

Few truly great

leaders of the world

reached their

positions without

outstanding

personal and social

traits.

These traits make

up the leader’s

personality.

A distinguishing characteristic

or quality, especially of one’s

personal nature

Traits

Everyone has a desire for recognition.

Leaders must know and remember this.

Personality is the ability to talk to large

groups and still make each person feel

that he or she is being talked to alone.

AdmiralChester Nimitz

President Andrew Jackson

President Abraham Lincoln

These great leaders of the past achieved

much because they got along so well

with people who would feel comfortable

and welcome in their presence.

A simple “Good morning!” or work

question can let a subordinate know

they are recognized and valued.

This special quality of leadership is

really just an unselfish, friendly interest

in people.

Must have the cooperation of those

within their unit.

A warm, friendly, personality makes

people feel they are glad to be a

member of the organization.

A LEADER:

Something made up of elements with

varied functions that contribute to

the whole and to collective functions

A group of people who work together

Organization

This feeling, being proud of the

other people in the same group, is

called esprit de corps, pride in the

organization.

A sense of unity and of common

interests and responsibilities, as

developed among a group of

persons closely associated in a

task, cause, enterprise, etc.

Esprit de Corps

Respect from subordinates is not

something to be demanded or

commanded; it must be earned.

Leaders must counsel and guide

subordinates without breaking

discipline, the chain of command,

or being a “buddy.”

A feeling of appreciative, often

deferential regard; esteem

The state of being regarded with

honor or esteem

Willingness to show consideration

or appreciation

Respect

If there is one key to successful leadership, it is

probably fairness, fairness in opportunity,

assignment, work, and recognition. This, above

all, every effective leader must practice.

Marked by impartiality and honesty:

free from self-interest, prejudice,

or favoritism

Fairness

Some of them are:U.S. Navy Memorial

John Paul Jones

To be an effective leader, there are

certain traits a person must have.

...To country, is a must

...To seniors, serve reliably and well

...To juniors, consider their well-being

LOYALTY...

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

A feeling or attitude of devoted

attachment and affection

Faithfulness to commitments

or obligations

Loyalty

“To thine own self be true, and...thou

canst not be false to any man.” Shakespeare

but foremost is loyalty to yourself.

There are other loyalties to relatives,

friends, and beliefs,

COURAGE...

physical and moral

The most traditional trait of a leader is

courage.

At one time, this meant physical

courage only.

Today it implies a willingness to attempt

a mission in spite of the danger.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF LEADERSHIP

COURAGE…

physical and moral

…Physical: training, education, drill,

and professional preparation can lay

the foundation.

...Moral Courage:

• stand up for beliefs

• make honest calls

• admit mistakes

Most know right from wrong. It takes

moral courage to do right when under

pressure to do wrong or break the law.

Never compound the

honest mistake with

a lie or cover-up.

Conforming to standards of what is

right or just in behavior; virtuous:

Arising from conscience or the

sense of right and wrong

Moral

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

NJROTC cadet is expected to be a

person of honor, whose integrity is

above reproach.

HONOR:

Proper sense of right and wrong

Principled uprightness of character;

personal integrity

A code of integrity, dignity, and pride

Honor

Honesty is so important it is written

into the honor code at each service

academy. There are no degrees of

honesty.

HONESTY:

Refusing to lie, cheat, or steal

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

A leader must possess these qualities

to command respect, confidence, and

obedience.

Truthfulness:telling things theway they truly arewithout deception.

Sailors and Marinesmust be able to trust in the honor,honesty, andtruthfulness of shipmates.

Dutiful or submissive behavior

with respect to another person

Obedience

The trait of being unwilling to obey

Disobedience

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

FAITH: Another word for confidence

There are several kinds of faith:

Faith in one’s leaders, subordinates,

and the cause for which one is working.

Faith in oneself is self-confidence.

Self-confidence gains respect

from others.

Freedom from doubt; belief in

yourself and your abilities

Self-confidence

Major General

Benedict Arnold

From losing faith,

follows losing trust

and loyalty to

leaders and

subordinates.

Such a person

then loses

trust and loyalty

from the same

leaders and

subordinates.

Leaders who believe in their service,

their chain of command, and

themselves, will see their attitude

reflected in those around them.

A weakening of faith is

almost always followed

by a lowering of morale,

demoralization,

disintegration, and

defeat.

Faith in a cause is essential to victory.

The state of the spirits of a person

or group as exhibited by confidence,

cheerfulness, discipline, and

willingness to perform assigned

tasks

The spirit of a group that makes

the members want the group

to succeed

Morale

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

SENSE OF HUMOR:

The ability to see humor in a situation

is a valuable asset. Laughter can be

a curing medicine to relieve tension.

A leader who sees humor in a situation

can relax subordinates, while restoring

confidence and positive thinking.

U.S. Navy Memorial

The Silent Service

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

MODESTY…

A truly great person lets

accomplishments speak louder

than any words.

While maintaining pride in one’s self,

a leader must not develop too high

an opinion of self.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

MODESTY:

Quiet dignity, even humility indicates

great character and experience.

Self-magnification is improper, often

unpleasant, and normally unsuccessful.

A leader does not let self-importance

override concern for subordinates.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

SELF CONFIDENCE:

With experience, increased skills,

professional knowledge, and a positive

attitude, a leader gains self confidence

and loses the fear of failure.

Taking on the tougher jobs may bring an

occasional failure, but learning from the

failure and bouncing back for another

job marks a leader’s development.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

COMMON SENSE:

A leader is able to see and react to

things as they are.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

GOOD JUDGEMENT:

With training and discipline, a leader

gains the ability to analyze and draw

correct conclusions.

Greater knowledge increases a leader’s

qualifications to make good judgments.

The mental ability to perceive and

distinguish relationships;

discernment

The capacity to form an opinion

by distinguishing and evaluating

The capacity to assess situations

or circumstances and draw

sound conclusions; good sense

Judgment

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

TACT:

Using good judgment to speak and act

in a diplomatic way, leaders do not

offend seniors, peers, or juniors.

Acute sensitivity to what is proper

and appropriate in dealing with

others, including the ability to

speak or act without offending

Consideration in dealing with

others and avoiding giving offence

Tact

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

COMMON SENSE/GOOD JUDGEMENT:

Good leaders use common sense and

good judgment to solve problems.

In their deliberations, they include

similar experiences of others.

Good leaders recognize and appreciate

needs and personalities of subordinates.U.S. Navy Memorial

Women in the Navy

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

HEALTH AND ENERGY:

Without health and personal energy,

there is little stamina to withstand the

demands of leadership.

A leader needs to know when to take a

periodic break to remain sharp, and

when to delegate work to subordinates.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

OPTIMISM:

An effective leader is usually healthy,

energetic, and optimistic with a

“Can Do!” attitude that inspires juniors

and seniors alike.

To stimulate to action; motivate

To be the cause or source of;

bring about

Inspire

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

OPTIMISM:

An optimist’s opposite is a pessimist,

always looking for reasons a job

cannot be done.

An effective leader is usually an

optimistic winner.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY:

Leaders will think independently and

take initiative in their jobs.

They accept assignments, pleasant

or unpleasant, and stay with it until

properly completed.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES

OF LEADERSHIP

CONCERN FOR PEOPLE:Leaders must know their people.

NJROTC leaders should know all cadets

in their class and most in their unit.

Field trips, formations, and social

events are good opportunities.

These activities build teamwork, a must

for success as a unit and as a leader.

Successful leaders are known by the

people they develop into new leaders.

One of a leader’s most important jobs

is to recommend subordinates for

recognition or promotion.

To do this, leaders must know their

juniors in order to evaluate them fairly

and accurately.

All hands should be kept informed on

what is going on, when it will happen,

how it will affect them, and what is

expected of them.

Good leaders keep their people

informed.

Subordinates will cooperate more

and support their unit with more

esprit de corps if they know what is

occurring and why.

• Leaders must know the capabilities of

each group member and how to task.

• Leaders must be self-confident, keep

mission focused, and know how to

manage appropriate stresses.

• Leaders must be willing to cheerfully,

imaginatively, complete work and take

on increased responsibilities.

SUMMARY

What are four positions of

leadership attainable by a

second year cadet?

a. Petty officer

b. Squad leader

c. Assistant squad leader

d. Platoon leader

What are four positions of

leadership attainable by a

second year cadet?

What are the three things upon

which leadership depends?

1. The leader

2. The followers

3. The job to be done

What are the three things upon

which leadership depends?

What are the three basic things

to remember as you develop

your leadership abilities?

1. Know your business

2. Know yourself

3. Know your personnel

What are the three basic things

to remember as you develop

your leadership abilities?

TRUE or FALSE. As a squad

leader, your first rule must be to

set the best example possible to

other cadets.

TRUE.

TRUE or FALSE. As a squad

leader, your first rule must be to

set the best example possible to

other cadets.

TRUE or FALSE. As a squad

leader, it is essential that you

know all of your responsibilities.

TRUE.

TRUE or FALSE. As a squad

leader, it is essential that you

know all of your responsibilities.

What is the difference between

physical and moral courage?

Physical courage means deedsof daring which involved thedanger of death.

Moral courage means beingable to stand up for one’sbeliefs, to call things ashonestly seen, to admit a mistake.

What is the difference between

physical and moral courage?

Why is humor (at the right time

and place) an asset to a leader?

It can ease tension and restore

morale.

Why is humor (at the right time

and place) an asset to a leader?

What are three basic things one

must remember when

developing leadership

techniques?

a. Know your business.

b. Know yourself.

c. Know your personnel.

What are three basic things one

must remember when

developing leadership

techniques?

Why are common sense and

good judgment essential

qualities of a leader?

They enable a person to make

good decisions

Why are common sense and

good judgment essential

qualities of a leader?

Name some great American

leaders who had that special

personal trait known as "the

common touch."

a. Abraham Lincoln

b. Andrew Jackson

c. Chester Nimitz

Name some great American

leaders who had that special

personal trait known as "the

common touch."

What does "esprit de corps"

mean?

Pride in an organization or unit

What does "esprit de corps"

mean?

TRUE or FALSE. Leaders are

born, not made.

FALSE.

TRUE or FALSE. Leaders are

born, not made.

How are leadership skills

developed?

Through training and

experience

How are leadership skills

developed?

Can leaders learn from their

failures?

Yes

Can leaders learn from their

failures?

What are some essential

personal qualities that a good

leader must demonstrate?

a. Loyalty

b. Courage

(1) Physical courage

(2) Moral courage

c. Honesty

d. Truthfulness

e. Faith

What are some essential

personal qualities that a good

leader must demonstrate?

f. Sense of humor

g. Modesty

h. Self-confidence

i. Common sense and good

judgment

j. Health/energy/optimism

k. Sense of responsibility

l. Concern for people

What are some essential

personal qualities that a good

leader must demonstrate?

Why is maintaining good

appearance, dress, and

conduct important?

You will influence your

followers and they will imitate

your bad actions as well as

your good.

Why is maintaining good

appearance, dress, and

conduct important?