nr216_rules on materials and welding

7/28/2019 NR216_Rules on Materials and Welding

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nr216rules-on-materials-and-welding 1/232

Rules on Materials and Weldingfor the Classification

of Marine Units

October 2008

Rule NoteNR 216 DT R04 E

Marine Division92077 Paris La Défense Cedex - France

Tel: + 33 (0)1 42 91 52 91 – Fax: + 33 (0)1 42 91 53 20Marine website: http://www.veristar.comEmail: [email protected]

© 2008 Bureau Veritas – All rights reserved

Go back to welcome



ARTICLE 1

1.1. -BUREAU VERITAS is a Society the purpose of whose Marine Division (the “Society”) is the classifi-cation (“Classification”) of any ship or vessel or structure of any type or part of it or system therein collec-tively hereinafter referred to as a “Unit” whether linked to shore, river bed or sea bed or not, whetheroperated or located at sea or in inland waters or partly on l and, including submarines, hovercrafts, drillingrigs, offshore installations of any type and of any purpose, their related and ancillary equipment, subsea ornot, such as well head and pipelines, mooring legs and mooring points or otherwise as decided by the So-ciety.

The Society:• prepares and publishes Rules for classification, Guidance Notes and other documents (“Rules”);• issues Certificates, Attestations and Reports following its interventions (“Certificates”);• publishes Registers.

1.2. -The Society also participates in the application of National and International Regulations or Standards,in particular by delegation from different Governments. Those activities are hereafter collectively referred toas “Certification”.

1.3. -The Society can also provide services related to Cla ssification and Certification such as ship and com-pany safety management certification; ship and port security certification, training activities; all activities andduties incidental thereto such as documentation on any supporting means, software, instrumentation,measurements, tests and trials on board.

1.4. -The interventions mentioned in 1.1., 1.2. and 1.3. are referred to as “Services”. The party and/or itsrepresentative requesting the services is hereinafter referred to as the “Client”.The Services are prepared

and carried out on the assumption that the Clients are aware of the International Maritime and/orOffshore Industry (the “Industry”) practices.

1.5. -The Society is neither and may n ot be considered as an Unde rwriter, Broker in ship’s sale or charter-ing, Expert in Unit’s valuation, Consulting Engineer, Controller, Naval Architect, Manufacturer, Shipbuilder,Repair yard, Charterer or Shipowner who are not relieved of any of their expressed or implied obligationsby the interventions of the Society.

ARTICLE 2

2.1. -Classification is the appraisement given by the Society for its Client, at a certain date, following sur-veys by its Surveyors along the lines specified in Articles 3 and 4 hereafter on the level of compliance of aUnit to its Rules or part of them. This appraisement is represented by a class entered on the Certificatesand periodically transcribed in the Society’s Register.

2.2. -Certification is carried out by the Society along the same lines as set out in Articles 3 and 4 hereafterand with reference to the applicable National and International Regulations or Standards.

2.3. - It is incumbent upon the Client to maintain the condition of the Unit after surveys, to presentthe Unit for surveys and to inform the Society without delay of circumstances which may affect thegiven appraisement or cause to modify its scope.

2.4. -The Client is to g ive to the Society all access and information necessary for the performance of therequested Services.

ARTICLE 3

3.1. -The Rules, procedures and instructions of the Society take into account at the date of their preparationthe state of currently available and proven technical knowledge of the Industry. They are not a code of con-struction neither a guide for maintenance or a safety handbook.

Committees consisting of personalities from the Industry contribute to the development of those documents.

3.2. - The Society only is qualified to apply its Rules and to interpret them. Any reference to themhas no effect unless it involves the Society’s intervention.

3.3. -The Services of the Society are carried out by professional Surveyors according to the Code of Ethicsof the Members of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).

3.4. - The operations of the Society in providing its Services are exclusively conducted by way ofrandom inspections and do not in any circumstances involve monitoring or exhaustive verification.

ARTICLE 4

4.1. -The Society, acting by reference to its R ules:• reviews the construction arrangements of the Units as shown on the documents presented by the Client;• conducts surveys at the place of their construction;• classes Units and enters their class in its Register;• surveys periodically the Units in service to note that the requirements for the maintenance of class are

met.

The Client is to inform the Society without delay of circumstances which may cause the date or theextent of the surveys to be changed.

ARTICLE 5

5.1. - The Society acts as a provider of services. This cannot be construed as an obligation bearingon the Society to obtain a result or as a warranty.

5.2. - The certificates issued by the Society pursuant to 5.1. here above are a statement on the levelof compliance of the Unit to its Rules or to the documents of reference for the Services provided for.

In particular, the Society does not engage in any work relating to the design, building, productionor repair checks, neither in the operation of the Units or in their trade, neither in any advisory serv-ices, and cannot be held liable on those accounts. Its certificates cannot be construed as an implied

or express warranty of safety, fitness for the purpose, seaworthiness of the Unit or of its value forsale, insurance or chartering.

5.3. - The Society does not declare the acceptance or commissioning of a Unit, nor of its construc-tion in conformity with its design, that being the exclusive responsibility of its owner or builder, re-spectively.

5.4. -The Services of the Society cannot create any obligation bearing on the Society or constitute any war-ranty of proper operation, beyond any representation set forth in the Rules, of any Unit, equipment or ma-chinery, computer software of any sort or other comparable concepts that has been subject to any surveyby the Society.

ARTICLE 6

6.1. -The Society accepts no responsibility for the u se of information related to its Services which was nprovided for the purpose by the Society or with its assistance.

6.2. - If the Services of the Society cause to the Client a damage which is proved to be the direct and

reasonably foreseeable consequence of an error or omission of the Society, its liability towards theClient is limited to ten times the amount of fee paid for the Service having caused the damage, pro-vided however that this limit shall be subject to a minimum of eight thousand (8,000) Euro, and toa maximum which is the greater of eight hundred thousand (800,000) Euro and one and a half timesthe above mentioned fee.

The Society bears no liability for indirect or consequential loss such as e.g. loss of revenue, loss ofprofit, loss of production, loss relative to other contracts and indemnities for termination of otheragreements.

6.3. -All claims are to be presented to the Society in writing within three months of the date when the Serices were supplied or (if later) the date when the events which are relied on of were first known to the Clieand any claim which is not so presented shall be deemed waived and absolutely barred.

ARTICLE 7

7.1. -Requests for Services are to be in writing.

7.2. - Either the Client or the Society can terminate as of right the requested Services after givingthe other party thirty days' written notice, for convenience, and without prejudice to the provisionsin Article 8 hereunder.

7.3. -The class granted to the concerned Units and the previously issued certificates remain valid until thdate of effect of the notice issued according to 7.2. hereabove subject to compliance with 2.3. hereabovand Article 8 hereunder.

ARTICLE 8

8.1. -The Services of the Society, whether completed or n ot, involve the payment of fee upon receipt of thinvoice and the reimbursement of the expenses incurred.

8.2. - Overdue amounts are increased as of right by interest in accordance with the applicable leg-islation.

8.3. - The class of a Unit may be suspended in the event of non-payment of fee a fter a first unfruitfulnotification to pay.

ARTICLE 9

9.1. -The documents and data provided to or prepared by the Society for its Services, and the informatioavailable to the Society, are treated as confidential. However:• Clients have access to the data they have provided to the Society and, during the period of classificatio

of the Unit for them, to the classification file consisting of survey reports and certificates which ha

been prepared at any time by the Society for the classification of the Unit ;• copy of the documents made available for the classification of the Unit and of available survey repocan be handed over to another Classification Society Member of the International Association of Clasfication Societies (IACS) in case of the Unit’s transfer of class;

• the data relative to the evolution of the Register, to the class suspension and to the survey status of theUnits are passed on to IACS according to the association working rules;

• the certificates, documents and information relative to the Units classed with the Society may breviewed during IACS audits and are disclosed upon order of the concerned governmental or inter-goernmental authorities or o f a Court having jurisdiction.

The documents and data are subject to a file management plan.

ARTICLE 10

10.1. -Any delay or shortcoming in the performance of its Services by the Society arising from an event nreasonably foreseeable by or beyond the control of the Society shall be deemed not to b e a breach of contract.

ARTICLE 11

11.1. -In case of diverging opinions during surveys between the Client and the Society’s surveyor, the So

ciety may designate another of i ts surveyors at the request of the Client.11.2. -Disagreements of a technical nature between the Client and the Society can be submitted by theSociety to the advice of its Marine Advisory Committee.

ARTICLE 12

12.1. -Disputes over the Services carried out by delegation of Governments are assessed within the frame-work of the ap plicable agreements with the States, international Conventions and national rules.

12.2. -Disputes arising out of the payment of the Society’s invoices by the Client are submitted to the Couof Nanterre, France.

12.3. - Other disputes over the present General Conditions or over the Services of the Society areexclusively submitted to arbitration, by three arbitrators, in London according to the Arbitration Act1996 or any statutory modification or re-enactment thereof. The contract between the Society andthe Client shall be governed by English law.

ARTICLE 13

13.1. - These General Conditions constitute the sole contractual obligations binding together theSociety and the Client, to the exclusion of all other representation, statements, terms, conditions

whether express or implied. They may be varied in writing by mutual agreement.13.2. -The invalidity of one or more stipulations of the present General Conditions does no t affect the vlidity of the remaining provisions.

13.3. -The definitions herein take precedence over any definitions serving the same purpose which maappear in other documents issued by the Society.

M A R I N E D I V I S O N

G E N E R A L C O N D I T I O N S

BV Mod. Ad. ME 545 j - 16 February 2004



October 2008

RULES ON MATERIALS AND WELDING FOR

THE CLASSIFICATION OF MARINE UNITS

NR 216

Chapters 1 2 3 4 5

Chapter 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Chapter 2 STEEL AND IRON PRODUCTS

Chapter 3 NON FERROUS ALLOY PRODUCTS

Chapter 4 MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS

Chapter 5 WELDING

http://p/Paper%20to%20be%20used/reference.pdf




2 Bureau Veritas October 2008

The English wording of these rules take precedence over editions in other lan-guages.Unless otherwise specified, these rules apply to Marine Units for which con-tracts are signed after January 1st, 2009. The Society may refer to the contentshereof before January 1st, 2009, as and when deemed necessary or appropri-ate.






October 2008 Bureau Veritas 3

C HAPTER 1G ENERAL R EQUIREMENTS

Section 1 Manufacture, Inspection, Certification1 General 23

1.1 Scope1.2 Other specifications1.3 Information to be supplied by the purchaser

2 Manufacture and quality 23

2.1 General2.2 Chemical composition2.3 Condition of supply2.4 Identification of products

3 Inspection and testing 24

3.1 General conditions3.2 Alternative inspection scheme3.3 Sampling for mechanical tests3.4 Mechanical tests3.5 Re-test procedures3.6 Visual, dimensional and non-destructive examinations3.7 Repairs of defects

4 Identification and certification 26

4.1 Identification and marking4.2 Documentation and certification

Section 2 Testing Procedures for Materials1 General 28

1.1 Scope1.2 Testing machines1.3 Preparation of test specimens

2 Tensile test 28

2.1 Tensile test specimens2.2 Tensile test procedure2.3 Tensile re-test procedure

3 Bend test 31

3.1 Flat bend test specimen3.2 Bend test procedure

4 Charpy V-notch impact test 32

4.1 Sampling4.2 Charpy V-notch test specimens

4.3 Charpy V-notch test procedure4.4 Charpy V-notch re-test procedure







5 Drop weight test 33

5.1 Definition and test specimens dimensions

6 Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) test 33

6.1 General

7 Ductility tests for pipes and tubes 33

7.1 Flattening test7.2 Drift expanding test7.3 Flanging test7.4 Ring expanding test7.5 Ring tensile test7.6 Bend test on pipes and tubes

8 Other tests and checks 35

8.1 Strain age embrittlement test8.2 Macrographic and micrographic examinations







C HAPTER 2STEEL AND IRON PRODUCTS

Section 1 Rolled Steel Plates, Sections and Bars1 General 39

1.1 Scope1.2 Manufacture1.3 Approval1.4 Quality of materials1.5 Visual, dimensional and non-destructive examinations1.6 Rectification of surface defects1.7 Condition of supply1.8 Sampling and tests1.9 Identification and marking1.10 Documentation and certification

2 Normal and higher strength steels for hull andother structural applications 42

2.1 Scope2.2 Steel grades2.3 Manufacture2.4 Condition of supply2.5 Chemical composition2.6 Mechanical Properties2.7 Mechanical Tests

3 High strength quenched and tempered steels 48

3.1 Scope3.2 Steel grades3.3 Manufacture3.4 Condition of supply3.5 Chemical composition3.6 Mechanical properties3.7 Mechanical tests

4 Steels for boilers and pressure vessels 50

4.1 Scope

4.2 Steel grades4.3 Manufacture4.4 Condition of supply4.5 Chemical composition4.6 Mechanical properties4.7 Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures4.8 Mechanical tests

5 Ferritic steels for low temperature service 54

5.1 Scope5.2 Steel grades5.3 Manufacture

5.4 Condition of supply5.5 Chemical composition5.6 Mechanical properties5.7 Mechanical tests







6 Steels for machinery 56

6.1 Scope6.2 Steel grades and relevant properties6.3 Manufacture and condition of supply6.4 Mechanical tests

7 Stainless steel products 57

7.1 Scope7.2 Steel grades7.3 Manufacture7.4 Condition of supply7.5 Chemical composition7.6 Mechanical properties7.7 Mechanical tests7.8 Metallographic structure inspection7.9 Intergranular corrosion test7.10 Through thickness tests

8 Clad steel plates 59

8.1 Scope8.2 Steel grades8.3 Manufacture8.4 Condition of supply8.5 Chemical composition8.6 Mechanical properties8.7 Mechanical tests8.8 Corrosion testing8.9 Ultrasonic testing8.10 Surface defects and repairs8.11 Adhesion defects in the cladding and repairs

9 Steels with specified through thickness properties 60

9.1 Scope9.2 Steel grades9.3 Manufacture9.4 Chemical composition9.5 Mechanical properties9.6 Mechanical tests9.7 Test preparation9.8 Test results9.9 Re-test

9.10 Ultrasonic testing9.11 Marking

Section 2 Steel Pipes, Tubes and Fittings1 General 63

1.1 Application1.2 Manufacture1.3 Approval1.4 Quality of materials

1.5 Visual, dimensional and non-destructive examinations1.6 Rectification of surface defects1.7 Condition of supply1.8 Hydrostatic test







1.9 Sampling and testing1.10 Identification and marking1.11 Documentation and certification

2 Pipes for pressure systems operating at ambient temperature 65

2.1 Application2.2 Steel grades2.3 Condition of supply2.4 Chemical composition2.5 Mechanical properties2.6 Mechanical and technological tests

3 Pipes for structural applications 67

3.1 Application3.2 Steel grades3.3 Mechanical and technological tests3.4 Non-destructive examination

4 Pipes for high temperature service 684.1 Application4.2 Steel grades4.3 Condition of supply4.4 Chemical composition4.5 Mechanical properties4.6 Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures4.7 Mechanical and technological tests

5 Ferritic steel pipes for pressure service at low temperature 70

5.1 Application5.2 Steel grades5.3 Condition of supply5.4 Chemical composition5.5 Mechanical properties5.6 Mechanical and technological tests

6 Austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel pipes 72

6.1 Application6.2 Steel grades6.3 Condition of supply6.4 Chemical composition6.5 Mechanical properties6.6 Mechanical and technological tests6.7 Corrosion tests

7 Fittings 73

7.1 Application7.2 Steel grades and relevant properties7.3 Condition of supply7.4 Mechanical properties7.5 Mechanical and technological tests7.6 Non-destructive examination7.7 Marking and certification







Section 3 Steel Forgings1 General 74

1.1 Scope1.2 Classification of forgings1.3 Manufacture1.4 Approval1.5 Quality of materials1.6 Chemical composition1.7 Heat treatment (including surface hardening and straightening)1.8 Mechanical tests1.9 Pressure test1.10 Visual and dimensional examination1.11 Non-destructive examination1.12 Rectification of defects1.13 Identification and marking1.14 Documentation and certification

2 Forgings for hull, offshore structures and welded components in general 78

2.1 Scope2.2 Steel grades2.3 Condition of supply2.4 Chemical composition2.5 Mechanical properties2.6 Mechanical tests2.7 Non-destructive examination

3 Forgings for machinery, shafts and non-welded components in general 80

3.1 Scope

3.2 Steel grades3.3 Condition of supply3.4 Chemical composition3.5 Mechanical properties3.6 Mechanical tests3.7 Non-destructive examination

4 Forgings for crankshafts 82

4.1 Scope4.2 Steel grades4.3 Manufacture4.4 Condition of supply

4.5 Chemical and mechanical properties4.6 Mechanical tests4.7 Non-destructive examination

5 Forgings for gearing 83

5.1 Scope5.2 Steel grades5.3 Manufacture5.4 Condition of supply5.5 Chemical and mechanical properties5.6 Mechanical tests for normalised and tempered or quenched and

tempered forgings

5.7 Mechanical tests for surface-hardened forgings5.8 Non-destructive examination







6 Forgings for turbines 85

6.1 Scope6.2 Steel grades, chemical composition and mechanical properties6.3 Condition of supply6.4 Mechanical tests6.5 Non-destructive examination6.6 Thermal stability test

7 Forgings for boilers, pressure vessels and systems 87

7.1 Scope7.2 Steel grades7.3 Condition of supply7.4 Chemical composition7.5 Mechanical properties7.6 Mechanical properties at elevated temperature7.7 Mechanical tests7.8 Non-destructive examination

8 Ferritic steel forgings for low temperature service 89

8.1 Scope8.2 Steel grades and relevant properties8.3 Condition of supply8.4 Mechanical tests8.5 Non-destructive examination

9 Stainless steel forgings 90

9.1 Scope9.2 Steel grades and relevant properties9.3 Mechanical tests

9.4 Non-destructive examination9.5 Corrosion tests

Section 4 Steel Castings1 General 91

1.1 Scope1.2 Classification of castings1.3 Manufacture1.4 Approval

1.5 Quality of materials1.6 Chemical composition1.7 Heat treatment1.8 Mechanical tests1.9 Pressure test1.10 Visual and dimensional examination1.11 Non-destructive examination1.12 Repair by grinding1.13 Repair by welding1.14 Identification and marking1.15 Documentation and certification

2 Castings for hull, offshore structures and welded components in general 94

2.1 Scope2.2 Steel grades2.3 Chemical composition







2.4 Heat treatment2.5 Mechanical properties2.6 Mechanical tests2.7 Non-destructive examination

3 Castings for machinery and non-welded components in general 96

3.1 Scope3.2 Steel grades3.3 Chemical composition3.4 Heat treatment3.5 Mechanical properties3.6 Mechanical tests3.7 Non-destructive examination

4 Castings for crankshafts 97

4.1 Scope4.2 Steel grades

4.3 Manufacture4.4 Chemical composition4.5 Heat treatment4.6 Mechanical properties4.7 Mechanical tests4.8 Non-destructive examinations

5 Castings for boilers, pressure vessels and systems 97

5.1 Scope5.2 Steel grades5.3 Chemical composition5.4 Heat treatment5.5 Mechanical properties5.6 Mechanical properties at elevated temperature5.7 Mechanical tests5.8 Non-destructive examination

6 Ferritic steel castings for low temperature service 99

6.1 Scope6.2 Steel grades6.3 Chemical composition6.4 Heat treatment6.5 Mechanical properties6.6 Mechanical tests6.7 Non-destructive examination

7 Stainless steel castings 100

7.1 Scope7.2 Steel grades7.3 Chemical composition7.4 Heat treatment7.5 Mechanical properties7.6 Mechanical tests7.7 Non-destructive examination7.8 Corrosion tests

8 Stainless steel castings for propellers 101

8.1 Scope8.2 Chemical composition8.3 Heat treatment







8.4 Mechanical properties8.5 Mechanical tests8.6 Visual and dimensional examination8.7 Definition of skew, severity zones8.8 Dye penetrant examination

8.9 Radiographic and ultrasonic examination8.10 Repair of defects8.11 Weld repair8.12 Identification and marking

Section 5 Iron Castings1 General 105

1.1 Scope1.2 Casting designation

1.3 Manufacture1.4 Quality of castings1.5 Visual, dimensional and non-destructive examination1.6 Repair of defects1.7 Chemical composition1.8 Condition of supply1.9 Sampling and testing1.10 Identification and marking1.11 Documentation and certification

2 Grey iron castings 106

2.1 Scope

2.2 Mechanical tests2.3 Mechanical properties

3 Spheroidal or nodular graphite iron castings 107

3.1 Scope3.2 Manufacture and condition of supply3.3 Mechanical tests3.4 Mechanical properties3.5 Metallographic examination3.6 Non-destructive examination







Section 2 Aluminium Alloys1 General 124

1.1 Scope1.2 Manufacture

2 Wrought aluminium alloy products (plates, bars, sections and tubes) 124

2.1 Scope2.2 Approval2.3 Aluminium grades and their temper conditions2.4 Chemical composition2.5 Mechanical properties2.6 Repairs2.7 Tolerances on dimensions2.8 Tests and examinations2.9 Tensile test2.10 Drift expansion tests2.11 Corrosion tests2.12 Re-test procedures2.13 Hydrostatic test

3 Rivets 129

3.1 Application3.2 Chemical composition and heat treatment3.3 Heat treatment3.4 Test material3.5 Mechanical tests3.6 Identification3.7 Certification

4 Transition joints 130

4.1 General4.2 Manufacture4.3 Visual and non-destructive examination4.4 Inspection

5 Aluminium alloy castings 130

5.1 General5.2 Aluminium grades5.3 Manufacture5.4 Chemical composition

5.5 Mechanical properties5.6 Mechanical tests







C HAPTER 4MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS

Section 1 Equipment for Mooring and Anchoring1 Anchors 135

1.1 Scope1.2 Design1.3 Materials1.4 Manufacture1.5 Tests and examination1.6 Identification, marking and certification

2 Stud link chain cables and accessories 139

2.1 Scope2.2 Chain cable grades2.3 Approval of chain cable manufacturers2.4 Rolled steel bars2.5 Forged steels2.6 Cast steels2.7 Materials for studs2.8 Design and manufacture of chain cables and accessories2.9 Testing of finished chain cables2.10 Testing of accessories

3 Studless chain cables 147

3.1 Scope3.2 Materials for studless chain cables3.3 Testing of finished chain cables

4 Steel wire ropes 149

4.1 Scope4.2 Manufacture4.3 Types of ropes4.4 Sampling and testing4.5 Identification marking and certification

5 Fibre ropes 158

5.1 Scope5.2 General5.3 Sampling and testing5.4 Marking

Section 2 Offshore Mooring Chain Cables and Accessories1 General requirements 160

1.1 Scope1.2 Chain grades

1.3 Approval of chain manufacturers1.4 Approval of quality system at chain manufacturers1.5 Approval of steel mills for rolled bars1.6 Approval of forges and foundries for accessories







2 Materials 161

2.1 Scope2.2 Rolled steel bars2.3 Forged steel2.4 Cast steel2.5 Materials for studs

3 Design and chain manufacture 163

3.1 Design3.2 Manufacturing process3.3 Manufacturing Process Records3.4 Mechanical properties3.5 Proof and breaking test loads3.6 Freedom from defects3.7 Dimensions and tolerances3.8 Welding of studs3.9 Connecting common links

4 Testing and inspection of finished chain 165

4.1 General4.2 Proof and break load tests4.3 Dimensions and dimensional tolerances4.4 Mechanical tests4.5 Non-destructive examination4.6 Retest, rejection and repair criteria4.7 Marking4.8 Documentation

5 Testing and inspection of accessories 167

5.1 General5.2 Proof and break load tests5.3 Dimensions and tolerances on dimensions5.4 Mechanical tests5.5 Non-destructive examination5.6 Test failures5.7 Marking5.8 Documentation

Section 3 Others

1 Side scuttles, windows and their glass panes 168

1.1 Scope1.2 Manufacture1.3 Inspections and tests1.4 Identification and marking

2 Pressure bottles 170

2.1 Scope2.2 Manufacture2.3 Inspection and tests2.4 Identification, marking and certification







C HAPTER 5WELDING

Section 1 General Requirements1 Scope 175

1.1 General

2 Fabrication by welding 175

2.1 General2.2 Approval2.3 Type of joints, edge preparations and size2.4 Welding execution and control

Section 2 Approval of Welding Consumables1 General 176

1.1 Scope1.2 Grading and designation1.3 Approval procedure1.4 Preparation and welding of test assemblies1.5 Mechanical tests1.6 Test samples for checking the chemical composition of deposited

weld metal1.7 Re-test procedures

2 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of C andC-Mn steels 180

2.1 Scope2.2 Approval tests2.3 Tests for checking the mechanical properties2.4 Tests for checking the hydrogen content2.5 Fillet weld test assemblies2.6 Annual control tests

3 Covered electrodes for gravity or contact welding 185

3.1 Scope3.2 Approval tests3.3 Annual control tests

4 Covered electrodes for deep penetration manual welding of C andC-Mn steels 185


5 Flux-wire combination for submerged arc welding of C andC-Mn steels 186








6 Flux-wire combinations for one side submerged arc welding ofbutt-joints of C and C-Mn steels 191

6.1 Scope6.2 Designation6.3 Approval tests

7 Wires and wire-gas combination for semiautomatic welding of C andC-Mn steels 192

7.1 Scope7.2 Type of wires7.3 Shielding gases7.4 Designation7.5 Information and documentation to be submitted7.6 Approval tests7.7 Annual control tests

8 Wires and wire-gas combinations for automatic welding of C and

C-Mn steels 1958.1 Scope8.2 Designation8.3 Approval tests8.4 Annual control tests

9 Consumables for welding C and C-Mn steels with electrogas orelectroslag process 197

9.1 Scope9.2 Information and documentation to be submitted9.3 Approval tests9.4 Annual control tests

10 Consumables for welding high strength quenched and tempered steels 199

10.1 Scope10.2 Approval tests10.3 Test requirements10.4 Annual control tests

11 Consumables for welding Mo andCr-Mo steels 200

11.1 Scope11.2 Approval tests11.3 Test requirements

11.4 Periodical control tests12 Consumables for welding Ni steels for low temperature applications 201

12.1 Scope12.2 Approval tests12.3 Tests requirements12.4 Annual control tests

13 Consumables for welding Cr-Ni austenitic and austenitic-ferriticstainless steels 203

13.1 Scope13.2 Approval tests

13.3 Test requirements13.4 Annual control tests







14 Consumables for welding aluminium alloys 205

14.1 Scope14.2 Approval tests14.3 Test requirements14.4 Annual control tests

Section 3 Approval of Over Weldable Shop Primers1 Scope 208

1.1 General

2 Information and documentation to be submitted 208

2.1 General

3 Approval tests 208

3.1 Base material3.2 Filler metal3.3 Type and dimension of test samples3.4 Number of samples required3.5 Preparation of test samples3.6 Test requirements3.7 Re-tests

4 Certification and Validity 209

4.1 Certification4.2 Validity

Section 4 Approval of Welding Procedures1 General 210

1.1 Scope1.2 Welding procedure

2 Welding procedure qualification tests for C and C-Mn steels forship hull and other welded structures in general 211

2.1 Plates butt weld with full penetration2.2 Plates fillet weld

2.3 Pipes butt weld with full penetration2.4 Re-testing2.5 Range of approval

3 Welding procedures for offshore structures and equipment 220

3.1 General

4 Welding procedures for Cr-Ni austenitic and austenitic-ferriticstainless steels for application with chemicals 220

4.1 General

5 Welding procedures for high strength quenched and tempered steels 221

5.1 General







6 Approval of welding procedures for aluminium alloys 221

6.1 Plates butt weld6.2 Plates fillet joint6.3 Re-testing6.4 Range of approval

Section 5 Approval of CO2 Laser Welding Procedures1 General 225

1.1 Application1.2 General requirements1.3 Welding procedure specification1.4 Parent metal1.5 Welding consumables

2 Approval of welding procedure 2252.1 General2.2 Assembly and welding

3 Non-destructive examinations 226

3.1 General

4 Plates butt welds 226

4.1 Assembly4.2 Examinations and tests4.3 Tensile tests4.4 Bend tests

4.5 Impact tests4.6 Hardness measurements4.7 Metallographic examination

5 T joint weld procedure test 228

5.1 Assembly5.2 Examinations and tests

6 Re-testing 229

6.1 Non-destructive and destructive tests

7 Range of approval 229

7.1 Parent metal7.2 Thickness7.3 Edge preparation and surface condition7.4 Joint type, bevel7.5 Welding machine7.6 Welding parameters







NR 216

Chapter 1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

S ECTION 1 MANUFACTURE , INSPECTION , C ERTIFICATION

S ECTION 2 TESTING P ROCEDURES FOR MATERIALS






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 1

April 2009 Bureau Veritas 23

SECTION 1 M ANUFACTURE , INSPECTION , C ERTIFICATION

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 Chapter 2 to Chapter 4 of these Rules specify therequirements for the manufacture, inspection and certifica-tion of steel and iron products, non-ferrous metals, variousfinished products and equipment such as propellers, pres-sure bottles, anchors, chain cables, ropes and sidescuttles,entering in the construction or repair of Units which are sur-

veyed for classification purposes.The general requirements relevant to the manufacture,inspection and certification of the above-mentioned materi-als and products, hereafter generally referred to as “prod-ucts”, are given in this Chapter and are to be complied withas applicable.

The requirements Chapter 1 are also applicable, as appro-priate, to products covered by other relevant Society’sRules.

Chapter 5 specifies the requirements for approval of weld-ing consumables and qualification of welding procedures.

1.1.2 In addition to these Rules, the requirements given forcertain materials, procedures and products in the other rele-vant Society’s Rules or specified by the Society on theapproved plans, are also applicable, where appropriate.

1.1.3 Products subject to the requirements of these Rulesand the relevant testing operations are those laid down inthe relevant Rules of the Society dealing with the design,inspection at works and testing of products, unless other-wise specified.

1.1.4 Products with properties departing appreciably fromthose covered by these Rules and other relevant Society’s

Rules may be used with the approval of the Society

1.2 Other specifications

1.2.1 Products complying with international, national orproprietary specifications may be accepted by the Society,provided such specifications give reasonable equivalence tothe requirements of these Rules and other relevant Society’sRules or are approved for a specific application.

Such products, when accepted, are designated by theirstandard identification mark or as agreed at the time of theapproval.

Unless otherwise agreed, inspection and certification of products complying with other specifications are to be car-ried out in accordance with the requirements of these Rulesand other relevant Society’s Rules.

1.3 Information to be supplied by the pur-chaser

1.3.1 The purchaser is to provide the Manufacturer with theinformation necessary to ensure that products are tested inaccordance with these Rules and other relevant Society’sRules; optional or additional conditions are also to beclearly indicated.

2 Manufacture and quality

2.1 General

2.1.1 Manufacture

Manufacturers and their individual works are to be recog-nised by the Society for the type of products fabricated.

To this end plants, production and treatment procedures,testing machines, laboratories for analyses, internal controlsystems and personnel qualification are to be suitable in theopinion of the Society.

Manufacturing procedures and techniques are to be such asto reasonably ensure constant compliance of the product

with the requirements.Where tests and analyses are performed by external labora-tories or third parties, these are to be recognised by theSociety.

2.1.2 Approval

Depending on the type and importance of the productsbeing supplied, the relevant manufacturing process may berequired to be approved and approval tests performed forthe purpose.

When approval of the manufacturing process is required,such condition is specified in the rule requirements relevant

to the various products.The provisions for the approval of Manufacturers are givenin the document NR480 ”Approval of the manufacturingprocess of metallic materials”.

2.1.3 Responsibility

Irrespective of the interventions of Surveyors, the Manufac-turer is entirely and solely responsible for compliance of thesupplied products with the stipulated requirements.

The Society assumes no liability by its testing interventionsin respect of the compliance of a tested product with thestipulated regulations and requirements.

Where, in the course of manufacture or after supply, a prod-uct is found not to be in compliance with the requirementsor to present unacceptable defects, it will be rejected, irre-spective of any previous satisfactory test results.

http://p/Paper%20to%20be%20used%20for%20NR/reference.pdf





NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 1

24 Bureau Veritas April 2009

2.2 Chemical composition

2.2.1 The chemical composition is to be determined andcertified, as a rule, by the Manufacturer using ladle sam-pling analysis. The laboratory is to be adequately equipped

and the analyses are to be performed by qualified person-nel.

2.2.2 The analyses of the Manufacturer are generallyaccepted subject to occasional checks, if required by theSurveyor. When checks on the product are required, theyare to be performed and the results evaluated in accordancewith recognised standards.

2.3 Condition of supply

2.3.1 Unless otherwise agreed, the products are to be sup-plied in the finished condition as per rules, including heattreatment if required.

Heat treatment is to be carried out in suitable and efficientfurnaces, fitted with appropriate means for temperaturecontrol and recording. Sufficient thermocouples are to beconnected to the furnace charge to measure and record thatits temperature is adequately uniform unless the tempera-ture uniformity of the furnace is verified at regular intervals.The manufacturer is to maintain records of heat treatmentidentifying the furnace used, furnace charge, date, tempera-ture and time at temperature. The records are to be pre-sented to the surveyor on request.

The furnaces employed are to have a size sufficient to allowa uniform increase in temperature up to the required valueof the entire part to be heat treated. In the case of very largeparts, alternative systems proposed are to be agreed by theSociety.

2.4 Identification of products

2.4.1 In the course of manufacturing, inspection and test-ing, the identification of the various products in respect of their origin is to be ensured as required.

To this end the Surveyor is to be given all facilities for trac-ing the products when required.

3 Inspection and testing

3.1 General conditions

3.1.1 As far as practicable the inspections and tests are tobe carried out at the Manufacturer’s works before delivery.

If the necessary facilities are not available at the Manufac-turer’s works, the testing is to be carried out at a recognisedtesting laboratory.

3.1.2 Where the testing is allowed to be carried out orcompleted at works other than the Manufacturer’s it is inany case to be possible to trace back with certainty to thedocumentation of the origin.

3.1.3 Interested parties are to apply for inspection in ade-quate time.

Prior to the inspection and testing, the Manufacturer is toprovide the Surveyor with details of the orders, technicalspecifications and any special condition additional to the

rule requirements.

3.1.4 The Surveyors are to have free access to all depart-ments involved in production, collection of test samples,internal control and, in general, all operations concerningthe inspection.

They are to be supplied with the information necessary toassess whether production and tests are performed accord-ing to the rule requirements.

3.1.5 All tests and checks required by the Rules are to becarried out in the presence of the Surveyors or, whenexpressly agreed with the Society, in the presence of theperson responsible for internal control, specially delegatedfor this purpose.

The inspection and testing activities may be delegated to theManufacturer under the conditions given in [3.2].

3.1.6 The tests required are to be performed by qualifiedpersonnel in accordance with the procedures stated by theSociety or, failing this, with recognised national or interna-tional standards.

The testing and measuring equipment is to be adequate,maintained in proper condition and regularly calibrated, asrequired; the record of such checks is to be kept up-to-date

and made available to the Surveyor.

3.2 Alternative inspection scheme

3.2.1 Alternative procedures to the systematic interventionof the Surveyor for testing may be adopted by Manufactur-ers specially recognised by the Society for the purpose.

Such alternative inspection schemes, which are determinedby taking into account the type of product, its mass produc-tion and the effectiveness of the certified Quality Systemimplemented in the workshop, allow the testing operationsindicated in these Rules and other relevant Society’s Rulesto be totally or partially delegated to the Manufacturer.

Indications on the field of application of such schemes,along with conditions and procedures for their recognition,are given by the Society in a separate document.

3.3 Sampling for mechanical tests

3.3.1 The test samples are to be selected by the Surveyor orby a responsible person from the Manufacturer's staff, spe-cially delegated, and are to be suitably marked for identifi-cation purposes.

3.3.2 The test samples are to be representative of the unit orlot of material which they are relevant to and are thereforealso to have been subjected to the same heat treatment asthe products except when a different procedure is agreedwith the Society.






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 1


3.3.3 For the purpose of test sampling the following defini-tions apply:

a) unit: single forging, casting, plate, tube or other singleproduct

b) rolled unit: product rolled from the same slab or billetor, when rolling proceeds directly from ingots, from thesame ingot

c) batch: number of similar units or rolled units presentedas a group for acceptance testing, on the basis of thetests to be carried out on the test sample

d) sample: a sufficient quantity of material taken from theunit, rolled unit or batch, for the purpose of producingone or more test specimens

e) test specimens: part of sample with specified dimen-sions and conditions for submission to a given test.

3.4 Mechanical tests3.4.1 The mechanical tests are to be carried out in the pres-ence of the Surveyor unless otherwise agreed; see [3.2].

3.4.2 For the check of the mechanical properties of thematerial, test methods and specimens in compliance withthe requirements of Sec 2 are to be used.

3.4.3 The type of tests, the number and direction of the testspecimens and the results of the tests are to comply with therequirements relevant to the type of product, as indicated inthe various Articles.

3.5 Re-test procedures

3.5.1 General

Where the unsuccessful outcome of any test is attributableto defective machining of the test specimen and/or toimproper test procedure, the negative result is disregardedand the test repeated, in correct conditions, on a substitutetest specimen.

3.5.2 Rejection or reconsideration

Where unsatisfactory results are obtained from re-tests rep-resentative of one lot of material, the unit from which thetest specimens are taken is rejected.The remainder of the lot may, at the discretion of the Sur-veyor, be reconsidered by performing the required tests onat least two different units; for acceptance, both the resultsof the new tests are to satisfy the requirements.

Otherwise, upon agreement with the Surveyor, the individ-ual units composing the lot may be tested individually andthose found satisfactory may be accepted.

The Manufacturer may resubmit for testing previouslyrejected material, after a suitable heat treatment or reheattreatment, or resubmit it under a different grade.

The Surveyor is to be notified of such circumstances.Unless otherwise agreed by the Surveyor, only one newheat treatment is permitted for material which has alreadybeen heat treated.

3.6 Visual, dimensional and non-destructiveexaminations

3.6.1 General

The products are to be subjected to:

a) visual examination

b) dimensional check

c) non-destructive examination, when applicable.

The above operations are to be carried out on products inappropriate conditions under the responsibility of the Man-ufacturer and are to be witnessed or repeated in the pres-ence of the Surveyor when required by the Rules or, in anycase, on his request.

When, following examinations and tests, there are groundsfor thinking a product may be defective, the Manufacturer isobliged, for the purpose of acceptance, to demonstrate its

suitability using procedures deemed necessary.

3.6.2 Visual examination

Visual examination, unless otherwise specified, is per-formed by the Surveyor on each unit, for products tested onindividual units and, randomly or on the units submitted tomechanical tests, for products tested by lot.

3.6.3 Dimensional check

The dimensional checks and verification of compliancewith approved plans are the responsibility of the manufac-turer. Some checks are to be made in presence of the Sur-veyor, as deemed necessary, solely for those parts subject toapproval, or where expressly required in these Rules orother parts of the relevant Society’s Rules.

3.6.4 Non-destructive examination

Non-destructive examination is to be performed by skilledand qualified personnel, using calibrated equipment of suit-able type and according to approved procedures, recog-nised standards and the requirements of the Society.

The Manufacturer’s laboratory or other organisation respon-sible for the non-destructive examination is required toissue, on its own responsibility, a certificate illustrating theresults and, where requested, an opinion concerning the

acceptability of the product; in the latter case, the certificateis to be countersigned by the Manufacturer.

For the radiographic test suitable means are to be providedin order to identify the zones examined and the relevantradiographic films.

The various steps of the examinations are to be witnessedby the Surveyor when required.

3.7 Repairs of defects

3.7.1 Small surface defects may be suitably removed bygrinding or other appropriate means, provided that the

dimensional tolerances, prescribed for the various productsin the relevant Articles, are complied with.

The repaired zone is to be found free from defects and to beacceptable in the opinion of the Surveyor.






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 1

26 Bureau Veritas April 2009

3.7.2 Repairs by welding may be accepted only where thisis not in contrast with the requirements applicable to theproduct, and provided that they are deemed suitable inconnection with the material, extent of defects and weldingprocedure.

The repair procedure is to be previously agreed upon withthe Surveyor.

4 Identification and certification

4.1 Identification and marking

4.1.1 General

During the inspection, a detailed record of the products tobe tested is to be submitted to the Surveyor with indicationof the necessary data, as applicable:

a) name of purchaser and order numberb) hull number or destination

c) number, size and mass of parts or batches

d) cast number and chemical composition

e) part reference number, detail of manufacturing processand heat treatment

f) condition of supply.

4.1.2 Manufacturer’s marking

Products, which have satisfactorily undergone the requiredinspection and tests are to be appropriately marked by theManufacturer in at least one easily accessible location.

The marking is to contain all necessary indications, as spec-ified in the Articles relevant to the various products, and isto correspond to the content of the inspection documenta-tion.

The marks are to be stamped, as a rule, by means of brands,except when products could be impaired by such a system.When paints or other reliable alternatives are adopted, ade-quate duration of marking is to be ensured.

For small pieces contained in effective containers, as well

as bars and sections of modest weight, adequately bound inbundles, the marks are transferred to the container, label ortop item of each bundle to the Surveyor’s satisfaction.

4.1.3 Marking with the Society’s brand

The products satisfactorily inspected in accordance with theRules and other relevant Society’s Rules are to be markedwith the Society’s brand \ in the presence of the Surveyorunless otherwise agreed between Manufacturer and Sur-veyor.

All other additional marks required are specified in theapplicable Articles depending on the products (e.g. name orinitials of Manufacturer, material, grade and cast number,code for calendar year, running file number and code of thelocal office inspection, Surveyor’s personal brand, test pres-sure as statement of hydrostatic test).

4.1.4 Society marking for incomplete inspectionWhenever a product is despatched for delivery or is to bemarked without undergoing all the inspections and testsrequired (whether by the provisions of these Rules or thoseof other relevant Society’s Rules), the Society’s brand \ will

be replaced by the Society’s mark ] for incomplete inspec-tion.The testing documents are to contain clear indications of alloutstanding inspections and tests and specify the reasonwhy they have not been performed.Upon satisfactory completion of all required tests, the prod-uct is to be stamped with the Society’s brand \ .

4.1.5 Invalidation of Society’s brandWhen a product already marked with one of the Society’sstamps is found during or subsequent to the testing not to bein compliance with the requirements and is therefore

rejected, the previously stamped marks are to be invali-dated by punching them.The Surveyors may request to check the invalidationeffected.Any repairs after the product is tested are subject to theprior consent of the Society; failing this, the validity of theoriginal testing will automatically expire and the originaltesting marks are to be invalidated by the interested parties.

4.1.6 Society’s brand for alternative inspectionscheme

In the case of admission to an alternative inspectionscheme, the marking with the Society’s brand may be dele-

gated to the Manufacturer, who will be supplied with thespecial brand @ to be used for this purpose.

4.2 Documentation and certification

4.2.1 Society’s certificateFor products tested with satisfactory results, the Societyissues a certificate signed by the Surveyor stating that theproducts have been tested in accordance with the Society’sRules.This certificate is identified by the letter C for ease of refer-ence in the various relevant Society’s Rules.

A certificate issued by the Manufacturer is to be attached tothe Society’s certificate and is to include, as applicable, thefollowing particulars:a) Manufacturer’s nameb) purchaser’s name, order number and hull numberc) description of the product, dimensions and weightd) results of all specified inspections and testse) identification and testing marks stamped on the prod-

ucts.In the case of testing of materials, the following particularsare also to be included:

a) identification of specification or grade of materialb) identification of the heat and relevant chemical analysisc) supply condition and details of heat treatment, includ-

ing temperatures and holding times






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 1


d) working and manufacturing procedure (for rolled prod-ucts intended for hull, boilers and pressure vessels only)

e) declaration that the material has been made by anapproved process, as applicable, and that it has beensubjected to the tests required by the Rules with satisfac-

tory results.By agreement with the Society, the certificate issued by theManufacturer may be directly confirmed by endorsementwith the Society’s brand and the signature of the Surveyor.For products manufactured in large quantities and tested byheats or by lot, the Manufacturer is to further state, for theindividual supplies, that the products have been producedaccording to the Society’s Rules.

4.2.2 Society’s certificate for alternative inspectionscheme

For products covered by the alternative inspection scheme,unless otherwise stated in the admission to the alternative

inspection scheme, the Manufacturer is to issue a Certificateof Conformity on the appropriate Society form.This certificate is identified by the letter CA (certificate foralternative survey) for ease of reference in the various Soci-ety’s Rules.

The certificate issued by the Manufacturer and including allthe information required in [4.2.1] is to be attached to the(CA) certificate.

The certificate is to be submitted to the Society for endorse-ment according to the procedures stated in the agreement

for the alternative survey scheme.4.2.3 Works’ certificates

For products which in accordance with the relevant rulesmay be accepted only on the basis of a certificate of con-formity issued by the Manufacturer, stating the results of thetests performed, such certificate is to contain the informa-tion required under [4.2.1], as applicable.

This certificate of conformity is identified by the letter W(works’ certificate) for ease of reference in the various partsof the Rules.

For particular products it may be accepted that the tests orinspections are carried out by the Manufacturer not on theproduct supplied, but on the current production.

This particular certificate of conformity is identified by theletter R (report) for ease of reference in the various Society’sRules.






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


SECTION 2 T ESTING P ROCEDURES FOR MATERIALS

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 This Section gives the requirements for testing proce-dures, testing machines and test specimens for mechanicaland technological tests of materials.

Alternative testing procedures and test specimens such asthose complying with recognised standards may be

accepted by agreement with the Society.

The tests to be performed and the results to be obtained aregiven in the articles of the Rules dealing with each product.

The general conditions given in Sec 1 also apply.

1.2 Testing machines

1.2.1 Testing machines are to be maintained in satisfactorycondition and recalibrated at approximately annual inter-vals for adequate reliability, accuracy and sensitivity. Thiscalibration is to be traced to a nationally recognised author-ity and is to be to the satisfaction of the Society. The recordsof the calibration are to be made available to the Surveyor,kept in the test laboratory and copies provided on request.

1.2.2 Tension/compression testing machines are to be cali-brated in accordance with ISO 7500-1 or other recognisedstandard.

The accuracy of tensile test machines is to be within plus orminus one percent.

1.2.3 Charpy impact testing machines are to have a strikingenergy of not less than 150J and are to be calibrated inaccordance with ISO 148-2 or other recognised standard.

1.3 Preparation of test specimens

1.3.1 The samples for test specimens are to be in the samecondition as the product from which they have been takenand therefore in the same heat treatment condition, if any.

1.3.2 If the test samples are cut from products by flame cut-ting or shearing, a reasonable margin is required to enablesufficient material to be removed from cut or sheared edgesduring final machining.

Test specimens are to be prepared in such a way that theyare not subjected to any significant straining or heatingwhich might alter the properties of the material.

2 Tensile test

2.1 Tensile test specimens

2.1.1 General

Test specimens of proportional type should preferably beused as the values of minimum percentage elongation afterfracture specified in the Rules refer to the gauge length L 0 of these test specimens calculated by the following formula:

This gauge length L0 should preferably be greater than20 mm. The gauge length may be rounded off to the nearest5 mm provided that the difference between this length andL0 is less than 10% of L 0.

2.1.2 Proportional flat test specimen

For plates, strips and sections, proportional flat test speci-mens are usually used, with dimensions as shown in Fig 1.

For such products the tensile test specimens are to retain theoriginal raw surfaces of the product.

When the capacity of the testing machine is unsufficient toallow the use of test specimens of full thickness, this may bereduced by machining one of the raw surfaces.

Figure 1 : Proportional flat specimen

t : Thickness of the plate, strip or section, in mmb, R : Both equal to 25 mm

L0 : Original gauge length, in mm, equal to:

where So is the original specimen cross-section,in mm 2

LC : Parallel test length, in mm, equal to:

2.1.3 Non-proportional flat test specimen

Alternatively to the proportional flat test specimen, non-pro-portional flat test specimen having original gauge length of 200 mm and other dimensions as shown in Fig 2, may beused for plates, strips and sections.

L0 5 65 So,=

btR

Cross-section So

L0 gauge length

LC parallel test length

L0 5 65 So,=

LC L0 2 So+=






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


Figure 2 : Non proportional flat specimen

t : Thickness of the plate, strip or section, in mmb, R : Both equal to 25 mmL0 : Original gauge length, in mmLC : Parallel test length, in mm.

2.1.4 Round proportional test specimen

Alternatively to the flat test specimen for plates, strips orsections equal to or greater than 40 mm thick, proportional

round test specimen, machined to the dimensions shown inFig 3, may be used.

Round proportional test specimen is used for rolled prod-ucts in aluminium alloy with thickness higher than12,5mm.

For rolled bars, forgings and castings, grey cast ironexcluded, round proportional test specimen are usually tobe used.

Figure 3 : Round proportional specimen

d : From 10 to 20 mm, preferably taken equal to14 mm

L0 : Original gauge length, in mm, equal to 5 ⋅ dLC : Parallel test length, in mm, such as L C ≥ L0 + d / 2

2.1.5 Round test specimen position

For plates, strips and sections with thickness equal to orgreater than 40 mm, the longitudinal axis of the round testspecimen is to be located at a distance from one of the sur-faces equal to one quarter of the thickness.

For rolled products in aluminium alloy with thickness up toand including 40mm, the longitudinal axis of the round testspecimen is to be located at mid-thickness. For thicknessesover 40mm, the longitudinal axis of the test specimen is tobe located at a distance from one of the surfaces equal toone quarter of the thickness.

For bars and similar products, the longitudinal axis of theround test specimen is to be located at one third of theradius from the outside.

2.1.6 Through thickness tensile test specimen

Round test specimen including built-up type by welding areto be prepared in accordance with a recognised standard.

2.1.7 Test specimen for grey cast ironFor grey cast iron, the test specimen as shown in Fig 4 is tobe used.

Figure 4 : Specimen for grey cast iron

2.1.8 Test specimens for pipes and tubesFor pipes and tubes, the test specimen may be a full cross-section of suitable length to be secured in the testingmachine with plugged ends, as shown in Fig 5.

Figure 5 : Full cross section specimen

The original gauge length L 0 is to be equal to:

and the distance between the grips Lc is to be not less thanthe gauge length plus D, where D is the external diameter of the tube or pipe.The length of the plugs projecting over the grips, in thedirection of the gauge marks, is not to exceed the externaldiameter D, and the shape of the plugs is not to impede theelongation of the gauge length.Alternatively, test specimens as shown in Fig 6 and takenfrom the tube or pipe wall may be used, where:

LC = L0 + 2 bα : Wall thickness, in mm.The parallel test length is not to be flattened, but theenlarged ends may be flattened for gripping in the testing

machine.The round proportional test specimen shown in Fig 3 maybe used provided that the wall thickness is sufficient toallow the machining of such test specimen with its axislocated at the mid-wall thickness.

Figure 6 : Specimen taken from the tube or pipe wall

tR = 25 mm

L0 = 200 mm

LC ≥ 212,5 mm

b

Rd

L0 gauge length

LC parallel test length

φ

R ≥ 25 mm

20 mm dia.

t

L0LC

Drift

D

L0 5 65 So,=

L0 5 65 So,=

R ≥ 10 mm

b ≥ 12 mmL0

LC

So

α






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


2.1.9 Test specimen for wires

For testing of wires, a full cross-section test specimen of suitable length is to be used.

The original gauge length is to be 200 mm and the paralleltest length (distance between the grips) is to be 250 mm.

2.1.10 Test specimen for deposited metal tensile test

Round test specimen with the following dimensions is to beused:

d = 10 mm

L0 = 50 mm

LC ≥ 55 mm

R ≥ 10 mm

For specially small or large dimensions, other test speci-mens may be used after agreement with the Society, pro-

vided they conform with the geometrical relationship givenin Fig 3.

2.1.11 Test specimen for butt weld transverse tensiletest

Flat test specimen as shown in Fig 7 and with the followingdimensions is to be used:

t : Thickness of the welded plate, in mm

a = t

b : Equal to 12 mm for t ≤ 2 mm

25 mm for t > 2 mm

LC : Width of the weld + 60 mm

R > 25 mm.

The weld is to be machined (or ground) flush with the sur-face of the plate.

Figure 7 : Specimen for transverse tensile teston butt weld

2.1.12 Tolerances

The tolerances on test specimen dimensions are to be inaccordance with ISO 6892-98 or other recognised stand-ards as appropriate.

2.2 Tensile test procedure

2.2.1 General

The following characteristics, as required by the Rules foreach product, are to be determined by the test:

ReH : Upper yield stress (yield point), in N/mm 2

Rp0,2 - Rp0,5 - Rp1,0 : Proof stress (yield strength), in N/mm 2

Rm : Tensile strength, in N/mm 2

A : Percentage elongation after fracture

Z : Percentage reduction of area.

2.2.2 Yield and proof stress determination

For materials with well defined yield phenomenon, theupper yield stress R eH is the value of stress at the momentwhen the first decrease in force is measured by the testingmachine in the tensile tests at ambient temperature.

This applies, unless otherwise agreed, to products in carbonsteels, carbon-manganese steels and alloy steels, exceptaustenitic and duplex stainless steels.

When no well defined yield phenomenon exists, the type of proof stress required by the applicable specification is to bedetermined.

In general for steels, the conventional proof stress to beassumed is the 0,2 per cent proof stress or the 0,5 per centproof stress, designated by the symbols R p0,2 and Rp0,5 ,respectively, where 0,2 and 0,5 are the percentage of per-manent elongation.

For austenitic and duplex stainless steel products and rele-vant welding consumables, the 1,0 per cent proof stress,designated by the symbol R p1,0 , may be determined in addi-tion to Rp0,2 .

2.2.3 Test rate

Within the elastic range, the test is to be carried out with astress rate within the following limits shown in Tab 1.

After reaching the yield or proof load, for ductile materialthe machine speed during the tensile test is not to exceedthat corresponding to a strain rate of 0,008 s −1.

For brittle materials such as cast iron, the elastic stress rateis not to exceed 10 N/mm 2 per second.

Table 1 : Stress rate within elastic range

2.2.4 Percentage elongation after fracture

The percentage elongation after fracture is usually deter-mined on a proportional gauge length L 0. In that case, thepercentage elongation after fracture is noted A or A 5.

L0 is calculated from the following formula:

where:

So : Original cross-sectional area of the test speci-men.

When using round proportional test specimens, L 0 is equalto 5 diameters.

R

b

L

C

a

Modulus of elasticity Eof the material (N/mm 2)

Rate of stressing (N/mm2⋅s−1)

Min. Max.

< 150000 2 20

≥ 150000 6 60

L0 5 65 So,=






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


When a gauge length other than proportional gauge lengthL0 is used, the equivalent per cent elongation A x required isobtained from the following formula:

where:

A5 : Minimum elongation, in per cent, required bythe Rules for the proportional test specimensillustrated in Fig 1, Fig 3 and Fig 6

S : Area, in mm 2, of the original cross-section of theactual test specimen

L : Length, in mm, of the corresponding gaugelength actually used.

The above conversion formula may be used only for ferriticsteel of low or medium strength and not cold worked.

The extension of the formula to other applications, such ascold worked steels, austenitic steels or non-ferrous materi-als is to be agreed with the Society.

In the case of disagreement, the value of elongation com-puted on the proportional test specimen is to be taken.

The gauge length used to determine the percentage elonga-tion after fracture is to be indicated in the test reports.

For non-proportional test specimens with gauge length of 50 mm and 200 mm, the equivalent elongation values indi-cated in ISO 2566 apply.

The elongation value is, in principle, valid only if the dis-tance between the fracture and the nearest gauge mark isnot less than one third of the original gauge length. How-ever the result is valid irrespective of the location of thefracture if the percentage elongation after fracture is equalto or greater than the expected value.

The fracture surfaces of test specimens after the tensile testis to be examined. The fracture surfaces are to be sound andfree from defects and irregularities.

2.2.5 Testing at high temperature

Tensile tests at high temperature are to be performed at thespecified temperature in accordance with an appropriatenational or international standard in agreement with theSociety.

2.3 Tensile re-test procedure

2.3.1 When the tensile test fails to meet the requirements,two further tests may be made from the same piece. If bothof these additional tests are satisfactory the item and/orbatch (as applicable) is acceptable. If one or both of thesetests fail the item and/or batch is to be rejected.

The additional tests detailed above are to be taken, prefera-bly from material taken adjacent to the original tests, butalternatively from another test position or sample represent-ative of the item/batch.

3 Bend test

3.1 Flat bend test specimen

3.1.1 A flat bend test specimen as shown in Fig 8 is to be

used.The edges on the tension side are to be rounded to a radiusof 1 to 2 mm.

The length of the test specimen is to be at least 11 times thethickness or 9 times the thickness plus the mandrel diame-ter, whichever is the greater.

Figure 8 : Flat bend specimen

3.1.2 For castings, forgings, and semi-finished products, theother dimensions are to be as stated below:• thickness: t = 20 mm• width: w = 25 mm.

3.1.3 For plates, sheets, strips and sections the otherdimensions are to be as stated below:

• thickness: t = thickness of the product• width: w = 30 mm.

If the as rolled thickness t is greater than 25 mm, it may bereduced to 25 mm by machining on the compression sideof the bend specimen.

3.1.4 For transverse face and root bend test on butt welds,the other dimensions are to be as follows:• thickness: t = thickness of welded plates• width: w = 30 mm.

If the thickness t is greater than 25 mm, it may be reduced

to 25 mm by machining on the compression side of thebend specimen.

The surfaces of the weld are to be machined (ground) flushwith the surface of the plate.

3.1.5 For transverse side bend test on butt welds, the otherdimensions are to be as follows:• thickness: t = 10 mm• width: w = thickness of welded plates.

If the thickness of welded plates is equal or greater than40mm, the side bend test specimen may be subdivided,each part being at least 20mm wide.

3.1.6 The test specimens for longitudinal face and rootbend test on butt welds are to be in accordance with anappropriate recognised standard.

Ax 2A5S

L-------

⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞

0 4,

=

w

t

1 to 2 mm1 to 2 mm






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


3.2 Bend test procedure

3.2.1 The bend test is to be performed, as a rule, by apply-ing a continuous mechanical compressive action on one of the surfaces of the test specimen.The required mandrel diameter and the minimum bendangle are specified in the Articles dealing with the variousproducts.

4 Charpy V-notch impact test

4.1 Sampling

4.1.1 The Charpy V-notch impact test is, in general, per-formed on a set of 3 test specimens.The longitudinal axis of the test specimens can be:a) parallel to the rolling direction of the plate, section or

piece (longitudinal direction L), noted KVL in the Rulesb) perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plate, sec-

tion or piece (transverse direction T), noted KVT in theRules

c) parallel to other directions.

4.1.2 The axis of the V-notch is to be perpendicular to thefaces of the plate, section or piece.The position of the V-notch is not to be nearer than 25mmto a flame cut or sheared edge.

4.1.3 For rolled products with thickness less than or equalto 40 mm, the test specimens are to be taken retaining theoriginal raw surface of the product or within 2 mm from it.For rolled products with thickness higher than 40 mm, thetest specimens are to be taken with their longitudinal axislocated at 1/4 of the product thickness from one of therolled surface, or as close as possible to such position.

4.2 Charpy V-notch test specimens

4.2.1 The test specimens are to be fully machined at thedimensions and tolerances shown in Fig 9 and Tab 2.

Table 2 : Charpy V-notch test specimen

4.2.2 Test specimens with the largest possible size, reducedsectional area 10x7,5 or 10x5, are to be used if the thick-ness of the product does not allow to take test specimens of the standard size with sectional area10x10.

The energy value required when using reduced size testspecimen compared to standard size test specimen is givenin Tab 3.

4.3 Charpy V-notch test procedure

4.3.1 Ambient temperature means any temperature withinthe range 18 to 28°C.

Where the test temperature is lower than ambient, the tem-perature of the test specimen at the moment of breaking isto be the specified test temperature, within ± 2°C.

The test temperature is to be clearly stated in the testingdocuments.

4.3.2 The unit used to report the energy values is to beclearly stated in the testing documents and should be pref-erably the Joule (J).

The average of the three results from the test of the set is tocomply with the value required for the product. Only oneindividual value may be less than the required averagevalue, provided it is not less than 70% of that value.

4.4 Charpy V-notch re-test procedure

4.4.1 When the average value of the three initial Charpy V-notch impact test specimens fails to meet the stated require-ment, or the value for more than one test specimen is belowthe required average value, or when the value of any onetest specimen is below 70% of the specified average value,three additional specimens from the same material may betested and the results added to those previously obtained toform a new average. If this new average complies with therequirements and if not more than two individual results arelower than the required average and of these, not more thanone result is below 70% of the specified average value thepiece or batch (as applicable) may be accepted.

Figure 9 : Charpy V-notch test specimen

Dimensions Nominal Tolerance

Length 55 mm ± 0,60 mmWidth

• standard test specimen 10 mm ± 0,11 mm

• subsize test specimen 7,5 mm ± 0,11 mm

• subsize test specimen 5,0 mm ± 0,06 mm

Thickness 10 mm ± 0,06 mm

Depth below notch 8 mm ± 0,06 mm

Angle of notch 45° ± 2°

Root radius 0,25 mm ± 0,025 mm

Distance of notch from end of

test specimen

27,5 mm ± 0,42 mm

Angle between plane of sym-metry of notch and longitudinalaxis of test specimen

90° ± 2°

8

27,5 27,5

10

10

55

45˚

V = notch section r =

0 , 2 5






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


Table 3 : Average energy value forreduced test specimens

5 Drop weight test

5.1 Definition and test specimens dimensions

5.1.1 The drop weight test according to ASTM Standard E208 is used for determination of the NDT (nil ductility tran-sition) temperature.

The NDT is the maximum temperature where the dropweight test specimen breaks when tested according to theprovisions of the standard.

Drop weight test specimens have one of the followingdimensions (thickness by width by length, in mm 3):

• type P1: 25 x 90 x 360

• type P2: 19 x 50 x 130

• type P3: 16 x 50 x 130.

5.1.2 The following apply, if not otherwise agreed:

a) the test specimen sides are to be saw-cut or machined(minimum 25 mm distance to flame-cut surface)

b) the machining of the sample to obtain the requiredthickness of the test specimen is to be carried out onlyon one surface; the opposite raw surface is to be main-tained

c) the specimens may be of any orientation, but the orien-tation is to be the same for all specimens.

6 Crack Tip Opening Displacement(CTOD) test

6.1 General

6.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed, the test is to be performedon test specimens of full thickness according to appropriatenational or international standards like BS 7448 Part 1:1991and ASTM E 1290.

7 Ductility tests for pipes and tubes

7.1 Flattening test

7.1.1 The test specimen consists of a ring cut withsmoothed ends perpendicular to the tube axis.

The length of the specimen is to be from 10mm to 100mm.

7.1.2 The test consists of compressing the test specimenbetween two rigid and parallel flat plates in a direction per-pendicular to its longitudinal axis; the plates are to coverthe whole test specimen after flattening.

It is to be continued until the distance Z between the two

plates, measured under load, reaches the value specified.In the case of welded pipes or tubes, the test is to be carriedout with the weld seam positioned at 90° and at 0° to theflattening force.

After flattening, the test specimen is not to present anycracks or other flaws; however, small cracks at the ends maybe disregarded.

7.2 Drift expanding test

7.2.1 The test specimen consists of a tube section having

the ends perpendicular to the tube axis; the edges of theend to be tested may be rounded by filing.

7.2.2 For metallic tubes, the length of the specimen isequal to 2 D, where D is the external diameter of the tube, if the angle of the drift is 30°, or equal to 1,5 D if the angle of the drift is 45° or 60°. The test piece may be shorter pro-vided that after testing the remaining cylindrical portion isnot less than 0,5D.

7.2.3 The rate of penetration of the mandrel shall notexceed 50 mm/min.

7.2.4 The test consists of flaring the end of the test speci-men at ambient temperature and symmetrically, by meansof a truncated-cone shaped mandrel of hardened steel hav-ing the included angle specified in [7.2.2] (see Fig 10).

Figure 10 : Drift expanding test

The mandrel is to be lubricated but is not to be rotated inthe pipe during the test.

The mandrel penetration is to continue until the increase inexternal diameter of the end of the expanded zone reachesthe value specified in the requirements relevant to the vari-ous products.

The expanded zone of the test specimen is not to presentany cracks or other flaws.

Sectional area of V-notchtest specimens (mm 2)

Minimum average energy (1)

10 x 10 KV10 x 7,5 5/6 KV

10 x 5 2/3 KV

(1) KV is the required value on standard size test speci-mens, as per the Rules.

30˚ or 45˚ or 60˚ or 120˚






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


7.3 Flanging test

7.3.1 The test specimen consists of a tube section cut withthe ends perpendicular to the tube axis; the edges of theend to be tested may be rounded by filing.

7.3.2 The length of the test specimen is equal to approxi-mately 1,5 times the external diameter of the tube. The testspecimen may be shorter provided that after testing theremaining cylindrical portion is not less than half the exter-nal diameter.

7.3.3 The test is carried out in two stages and consists of symmetrically forming a flange at one end of the test speci-men by means of a special mandrel of hardened steel; themandrel is to be lubricated but is not to be rotated in thetube during the test.

The rate of penetration of the forming tool shall not exceed

50 mm/min.During the first stage of flanging, the end of the test speci-men is expanded by means of a truncated-cone shapedmandrel having an included angle of 90°; the test is thencontinued during the second stage using a special formingmandrel to complete the flange.

The test is to be continued until the expanded zone forms aflange perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the testspecimen, with an increase in the external diameter of theend of the test specimen not less than the value specified(see Fig 11).

The cylindrical and flanged portion of the test specimen isnot to present any cracks or other flaws.

After testing, the remaining cylindrical portion is to be notless than half the external diameter of the tube.

Figure 11 : Flanging test

7.4 Ring expanding test

7.4.1 The test specimen consists of a tube section cut withthe ends perpendicular to the tube axis and the lengthbetween 10 and 16 mm.

7.4.2 The rate of penetration of the mandrel shall notexceed 30 mm/s.

7.4.3 The test specimen is to be expanded to the prescribed

diameter or until fracture occurs (see Fig 12).The expanded test specimen is not to reveal defects such ascracks, grooves or laminations and is to reach the pre-scribed expansion.

Figure 12 : Ring expanding test

7.5 Ring tensile test

7.5.1 The test specimen consists of a tube section withplain and smoothed ends cut perpendicular to the tube axisand with a length of about 15 mm.

7.5.2 The test specimen is to be drawn to fracture in a ten-sile testing machine by means of two mandrels havingdiameter equal to at least three times the wall thickness of the pipe.

The rate shall not exceed 5 mm/s.

In the case of welded pipes the weld seam is to be at 90° tothe direction of the tensile load.

The test specimen after fracture is not to reveal defects suchas cracks, groves or laminations and is to show visibledeformation at the point of fracture.

7.6 Bend test on pipes and tubes

7.6.1 Where feasible, the test specimen consists of fullthickness strips not less than 40 mm in width (which may bemachined down to 20 mm width for large thickness pipes)cut perpendicular to the pipe axis.

The edges of the test specimen may be rounded to 1,5 mmradius.

The result is considered satisfactory if, after being bentthrough the required angle in the direction of the originalcurvature, the test specimen is free from cracks and lamina-tions; however, small cracks on the edges may be disre-garded.

7.6.2 For small diameter tubes, in general not exceeding50 mm, the test specimen consists of a tube section of suffi-cient length.

The test specimen is to be bent on a cylindrical mandrelwith appropriate procedures as stated below, depending onthe specification of the product:

a) on a mandrel having a diameter 12 times the nominaldiameter of the tube until an angle of 90° is reached

b) on a mandrel having a diameter 8 times the nominaldiameter of the tube, until an angle of 180° is reached.

The test specimen after bending is not to present any cracksor other flaws.






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2


8 Other tests and checks

8.1 Strain age embrittlement test

8.1.1 The test is performed according to the following

requirements:a) the material is to be deformed, generally by compres-

sion (in special cases, deformation under tension maybe permitted) until the required shortening (or elonga-tion) (usually 3%, 5% or 10%) is attained

b) the material is then to be heat treated in a furnace at250°C for 1/2 h unless otherwise agreed

c) Charpy impact test specimens are to be obtained fromthe strained and treated material and broken at the spec-ified temperature.

When the deformation is reached by lateral compression,the procedure of artificial aging described above may beapplied directly to the individual test specimens.

8.2 Macrographic and micrographic exami-nations

8.2.1 The following examinations may be required to beperformed as a random check for specific steel products:

a) macrographic examination for detection of sulphur seg-regations (sulphur print or "Baumann test") according toISO 4968

b) evaluation of the primary austenitic grain size“McQuaid Ehn test” according to ASTM E 112 58 TStandards. For fine grained steels, the "fine grain" condi-tion is considered satisfied when the grain size is 5 orfiner.

Test methods according to other recognised standards maybe accepted by agreement with the Society.

8.2.2 The laboratory which carries out the examination isto issue a certificate of the results and photographic docu-mentation of typical zones is to be enclosed.






NR 216, Ch 1, Sec 2








NR 216

Chapter 2

STEEL AND IRON PRODUCTS

S ECTION 1 R OLLED S TEEL P LATES , S ECTIONS AND BARS

S ECTION 2 S TEEL P IPES , TUBES AND F ITTINGS

S ECTION 3 S TEEL FORGINGS

S ECTION 4 S TEEL CASTINGS

S ECTION 5 IRON CASTINGS






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


SECTION 1 R OLLED S TEEL P LATES , S ECTIONS AND BARS

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to hot rolledplates, strips, sections and bars intended for hull, structuralapplications, boilers, pressure vessels and parts of machin-ery.Article [1] specifies the requirements common to all theabove-mentioned steel products, while the appropriate spe-cific requirements are indicated in Articles [2] to [9].

1.2 Manufacture

1.2.1 Steel is to be manufactured by the electric furnace,basic oxygen or open hearth processes.The use of other processes may be specially approved bythe Society.

1.2.2 The steel is to be cast in ingot moulds or by a contin-uous casting process.Provision is to be made for sufficient discard such as toensure:• at both ends of the ingots, the soundness of the material• at the transitory zones of continuous casting material, a

homogeneous chemical composition along the longitu-dinal axis.

1.3 Approval

1.3.1 The manufacturing process is to be approved by theSociety for individual steelmakers, grade of steel and prod-ucts, as specified in the applicable Articles.Provisions for the approval are given in the documentNR480 “Approval of the manufacturing process of metallicmaterials”.

1.3.2 It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to assure thateffective process and production controls in operation areadhered to within the manufacturing specifications. Wherecontrol imperfection inducing possible inferior quality of product occurs, the manufacturer is to identify the causeand establish a countermeasure to prevent its recurrence.Also, the complete investigation report is to be submitted tothe surveyor. For further use, each affected piece is to betested to the Surveyor’s satisfaction. The frequency of testingfor subsequent products offered may be increased at the dis-cretion of the Society.

1.4 Quality of materials

1.4.1 All products are to have a workmanlike finish and tobe free from surface or internal defects which may impairtheir proper workability and use.


1.5.1 Visual, dimensional and, as appropriate, non-destruc-tive examinations are to be performed by the Manufactureron the materials supplied prior to delivery, as required.The general provisions indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1, [3.6] andspecific requirements for the various products as specifiedin the relevant Articles of this Section apply.Non-destructive examinations may be required by the Sur-veyor when deemed necessary.

1.5.2 The thickness of the plates and strips is to be meas-ured at random locations, whose distance from the longitu-dinal edge is to be at least 10 mm.The under thickness requirements are indicated in the Arti-cles relevant to the various products.

1.6 Rectification of surface defects

1.6.1 Rectification of surface defects by grindingDefects which need to be repaired may be removed bygrinding.

The general provisions of Ch 1, Sec 1 and specific require-ments for the various products as specified in the relevantArticles of this Section apply.The repaired areas are to be ground smooth to the adjacentsurface of the plate.The Surveyor may request that the complete removal of defects is verified by suitable non-destructive examination.

1.6.2 Rectification of surface defects by weldingSurface defects of products which cannot be removed asstated in [1.6.1] may be repaired by chipping or grindingfollowed by welding subject to the Surveyor’s consent andunder his supervision.

The general provisions of Ch 1, Sec 1 and specific require-ments for the various products as specified in the relevantArticles of this Section apply.


1.7.1 The conditions of supply are specified in the Articlesrelevant to the various products.Where alternative supply conditions are agreed, the choiceof the supply condition, unless otherwise required, is left tothe Manufacturer; the condition of supply is always to bementioned in the testing documentation.

1.7.2 When acceptable as an alternative to normalising,the procedures relevant to controlled or thermo-mechanicalrolling process are to be specially approved for individualsteelworks.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


1.7.3 The rolling practice applied is to comply with theappropriate condition of supply. The applicable proceduresare defined as follows:

a) As Rolled, AR

This procedure involves the rolling of steel at high tem-perature followed by air cooling. The rolling and finish-ing temperatures are typically in the austeniterecrystallization region and above the normalising tem-perature. The strength and toughness properties of steelproduced by this process are generally less than those of steel either heat treated after rolling or produced byadvanced process.

b) Normalising, N

Normalising involves heating rolled steel above the crit-ical temperature, Ac 3 , and in the lower end of theaustenite recrystallization region followed by air cool-ing. The process improves the mechanical properties of as rolled steel by refining the grain size.

c) Controlled Rolling, CR (Normalising Rolling, NR)

This is a rolling procedure in which the final deforma-tion is carried out in the normalising temperature range,resulting in a material condition generally equivalent tothat obtained by normalising.

d) Quenching and Tempering, QT

Quenching is a procedure which involves a heat treat-ment process in which steel is heated to an appropriatetemperature above the Ac3 and then cooled with anappropriate coolant for the purpose of hardening themicrostructure. Tempering subsequent to quenching is aprocess in which the steel is reheated to an appropriatetemperature not higher than the Ac1 to restore tough-ness properties by improving the microstructure.

e) Thermo-Mechanical rolling, TM (Thermo-MechanicalControlled Processing, TMCP)

This is a procedure which involves the strict control of both the steel temperature and the rolling reduction.Generally a high proportion of the rolling reduction iscarried out close to the Ar 3 temperature and mayinvolve the rolling in the dual phase temperature region.Unlike controlled rolling (normalising rolling), the prop-erties conferred by TM (TMCP) cannot be reproducedby subsequent normalising or other heat treatment.

The use of accelerated cooling on completion of TM-rolling may also be accepted, subject to the specialapproval of the Society. The same applies for the use of tempering after completion of the TM-rolling.

f) Accelerated Cooling, AcC

Accelerated cooling is a process which aims to improvethe mechanical properties by controlled cooling withrates higher than air cooling immediately after the finalTM-rolling operation. Direct quenching is excluded

from accelerated cooling.The material properties conferred by TM and AcC can-not be reproduced by subsequent normalising or otherheat treatment.

1.8 Sampling and tests

1.8.1 GeneralAll products are to be presented for testing in the final sup-ply condition in batches or rolled units as specified in theArticles relevant to the various products.

1.8.2 SamplingThe samples required for the preparation of test specimensare, in general, to be cut from:a) the end of the plate or section corresponding to the top

position of the ingot, in the case of casting in ingotmoulds

b) any end of the plate or section, where such products arerolled from blooms or billets manufactured by continu-ous casting, on the understanding that sufficient discardis taken from the transitory zones of the cast beginningand end

c) both the ends of the coil for plates fabricated in coils.Samples are to be taken from the following positions:• plates and flats having width ≥ 600 mm: at approxi-

mately one quarter of the width from an edge (see Fig 1)

Figure 1 : Plates and flats

• flats having width < 600 mm, bulb flats and sections: atapproximately 1/3 of the width from an edge (see Fig 2,Fig 3 and Fig 4); alternatively, for channels, beams orbulb angles: on the web, at approximately 1/4 of thewidth from the centreline (see Fig 4)

Figure 2 : Bulb flats

Figure 3 : Angles

1 / 4 W

W

1/3 W

W

W

1/3 W






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Figure 4 : Sections

• hollow sections: if rectangular, at approximately in thecentreline of one side; if circular, at any position alongthe circumference

• bars: at approximately 1/3 of the radius or half-diagonalfrom the outer surface; the axis of the sample should beat least 12 mm from the outer surface, except for barshaving diameter 25 mm or less, in which case the sam-ple is to be concentric with the bar (see Fig 5).

Figure 5 : Bars

1.8.3 Preparation of test specimens

The test specimens are to be cut from the samples with theirprincipal axis parallel (longitudinal test) or perpendicular(transverse test) to the direction of rolling, as required in theArticles relevant to the various products.

For the preparation of test specimens and for the testing pro-cedures, reference is to be made to the applicable require-ments of Ch 1, Sec 2.

1.8.4 Tensile test

The results of the test are to comply with the values speci-fied in the Tables relevant to the various products.

If during the tensile test there is no marked yield stress R eH,the 0,2% proof stress R p0,2 , may be taken as an alternative.

1.8.5 Impact test

The average value is to comply with the minimum averagevalue specified in the Tables relevant to the various prod-ucts and only one individual value may be less than theaverage required, provided that it is not less than 70% of it.

The minimum average values are relevant to the standardspecimen 10x10 mm 2.

For subsize specimen dimensions and requirements, refer-ence is to be made to Ch 1, Sec 2, [4.2.2].

1.8.6 Re-test procedures

Reference is made to Ch 1, Sec 1, [3.5].

For tensile re-test procedure, reference is made to Ch 1, Sec2, [2.3].

For Charpy V-notch re-test procedure, reference is made toCh 1, Sec 2, [4.4].


1.9.1 The Manufacturer is to adopt a suitable system of identification which enables the product to be traced to itsoriginal cast.

1.9.2 All products which have been tested with satisfactoryresults are to be identified and marked, in addition to theSociety’s brand required in Ch 1, Sec 1, [4.1.3], with the fol-lowing indications:

a) Manufacturer’s name or trade mark

b) identification mark for the grade of steel

c) cast number or other marking, which will enable thehistory of the fabrication of the product to be traced.

Different marking systems are to be agreed with the Society.


1.10.1 Information required

The testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1, [4.2.1]is required and is to contain all the appropriate information.

The ladle analysis is to include the content of refining andalloying elements as applicable.

1.10.2 Inspection certificate

Before signing the Society’s inspection certificate or endors-ing the inspection certificate issued by the Manufacturer(mill sheets), the Surveyor is to be provided by the Manufac-turer with a written declaration, stating that the material hasbeen manufactured by a process accepted by the Society,complies with the applicable requirements and has beensatisfactorily tested in accordance with the Rules.

The following wording may be acceptable, either printed orstamped on the delivery documents, with the name of thesteel Manufacturer and signed by one of his authorised rep-resentatives: "We hereby certify that the material has beenmade by an approved process and has been satisfactorilytested in accordance with the Society’s Rules".

A

1 / 4 B1/3 A

B

R

1/3 R






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


1.10.3 Casting and rolling in different works

When the steel is rolled, heat treated, etc., in a workshopother than that where it is originally cast, the Surveyor is tobe supplied with the steelmaker’s certificate stating themanufacturing process, the type of steel, the identification

of the cast and the ladle analysis.The workshop where the steel was produced is to beapproved by the Society.

The Society’s Surveyors are to have free access to the work-shop of the original Manufacturer, who is fully responsiblefor complying with all applicable requirements.

2 Normal and higher strength steelsfor hull and other structuralapplications

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to weldablenormal and higher strength steel hot rolled plates, wideflats, sections and bars intended for use in hull constructionand other structural applications.

2.1.2 Provision is made for:

• plates and wide flats of all grades not exceeding100 mm in thickness

• sections and bars of all grades not exceeding 50 mm inthickness.

2.1.3 For thickness greater than the above, the require-ments may be modified, as appropriate, in the individualcases.

2.2 Steel grades

2.2.1 The steels are classed, on the basis of a minimumyield strength level R eH (N/mm2), into normal strength(ReH=235) and higher strength (32: R eH=315 - 36: R eH=355 -40: ReH = 390).Normal strength steels are divided into four grades A, B, Dand E. For normal strength steels, the letters A, B, D and Emean impact properties at +20, 0, −20 and −40°C, respec-tively.Higher strength steels are divided into four grades identifiedby the letters AH, DH, EH and FH followed by a numberrelated to the yield strength level. For higher strength steels,the letters AH, DH, EH and FH mean impact properties at 0,

−20, −40 and −60°C, respectively.2.2.2 Steels differing in chemical composition, deoxidationpractice, conditions of supply and mechanical propertiesmay be accepted, subject to the special approval of theSociety. Such steels are to be given a special designation.

2.3 Manufacture

2.3.1 ApprovalThe Manufacturers are to be approved by the Society andthe relevant requirements of [1.2] apply.

2.3.2 Deoxidation process

The method of deoxidation is specified in Tab 1 and Tab 2.

Table 1 : Normal strength steels - Chemical composition and deoxidation practice

Steel grade A B D E

Deoxidation practice forthickness t (mm)

t ≤ 50 mm: any methodexcept rimmed (1)t > 50 mm: killed

t ≤ 50 mm: any methodexcept rimmedt > 50 mm: killed

t ≤ 25 mm: killedt > 25 mm: killed andfine grain treated

killed and finegrain treated

Chemical composition(%) (2) (3) (4)

C max (5)Mn min (5)

Si maxP maxS maxAl (acid soluble) min

0,21 (6)2,5 x C

0,500,0350,035

0,210,80 (7)

0,350,0350,035

0,210,60

0,350,0350,0350,015 (8) (9)

0,180,70

0,350,0350,0350,015 (9)

(1) For sections up to a thickness of 12,5 mm, rimmed steel may be accepted subject to the special approval of the Society.(2) When any grade of steel is supplied in the thermo-mechanically rolled condition, variations in the specified chemical composi-

tion may be allowed or required by the Society and are to be stated at the approval.(3) The Society may limit the amount of residual elements which may have an adverse effect on the working and use of the steel,

e.g. copper and tin.(4) Where additions of any other element have been made as part of the steelmaking practice, the content is to be indicated in the

ladle analysis certificate.(5) C +1/6 Mn is not to exceed 0,40%.(6) Max. 0,23% for sections.

(7) When Grade B steel is impact tested, the minimum manganese content may be reduced to 0,60%.(8) Al is required for thickness greater than 25 mm.(9) The total aluminum content may be determined instead of acid soluble content. In such cases the total aluminum content is to

be not less than 0,020%. Other suitable grain refining elements may be used subject to the special approval of the Society.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 2 : Higher strength steels - Chemical composit ion and deoxidation practice

2.3.3 Rolling practice

Where CR (NR) and TM with or without AcC are applied,the programmed rolling schedules are to be submitted tothe Society at the time of the approval and are to be madeavailable when required by the attending Surveyor. On themanufacturer’s responsibility, the programmed rollingschedules are to be adhered to during the rolling operation(as per [1.3.2]). To this effect, the actual rolling records areto be reviewed by the manufacturer and, occasionally, bythe Surveyor.

When deviation from the programmed rolling schedulesoccurs, the manufacturer is to take further measures, to theSurveyor’s satisfaction, in accordance with [1.3.2].

2.3.4 Tolerances on dimensions

For plates and wide flats with thicknesses of 5mm and over,an under thickness tolerance of 0,3 mm is permitted.

For sections and bars, the under thickness tolerance is to bein accordance with the requirements of a recognised inter-national or national standard.

Measurements are to be made as indicated in [1.5.2].

2.3.5 Non-destructive examinations

Ultrasonic testing of plates intended for offshore structuralapplications of first and special category as defined in theSociety’s Offshore Rules is required and is to be performedin accordance with a recognised standard (e.g. EN 10160 orASTM A 578) and an examination level accepted by theSociety.

2.3.6 Rectification of surface defects by grindingSurface defects may be removed by grinding as indicated in[1.6.1] provided that:

a) the nominal thickness will not be reduced by more than7% or 3 mm, whichever is the lesser

b) each single ground area does not exceed 0,25 m 2

c) the total area of local grinding does not exceed 2% of the total surface of the plate.

Adjacent repairs located at a distance less than their meanwidth are considered as forming a single ground area.

In the case of ground areas lying opposite each other onboth surfaces of the plate, the resulting thickness is to satisfyin any place the values indicated in item a).

Steel gradeAH32, DH32, EH32AH36, DH36, EH36AH40, DH40, EH40

FH32, FH36, FH40

Deoxidation practice killed and fine grain treated killed and fine grain treatedChemical composition (%) (1) (5)

C max.MnSi max.P max.S max.Al (acid soluble) min (3) (4)Nb (4)V (4)Ti max. (4)Cu max.

Cr max.Ni max.Mo max.N max.

0,180,90 - 1,60 (2)

0,500,0350,0350,015

0,02 - 0,050,05 - 0,10

0,020,35

0,200,400,08

0,160,90 - 1,60

0,500,0250,0250,015

0,02 - 0,050,05 - 0,10

0,020,35

0,200,800,08

0,009 (0,012 if Al is present)

(1) Alloying elements other than those listed above or exceeding the specified limits may be accepted by the Society when pro-posed by the steelmaker at the time of approval and their content is to be indicated in the ladle analysis.

(2) Up to a thickness of 12,5 mm, the minimum manganese content may be reduced to 0,70.(3) The total aluminium content may be determined instead of the acid soluble content. In such cases the total aluminium content

is to be not less than 0, 020 %.(4) The steel is to contain aluminium, niobium, vanadium or other suitable grain refining elements, either singly or in any combina-

tion. When used singly, the steel is to contain the specified minimum content of the grain refining element. When used in com-bination, the specified minimum content of at least one grain refining element is applicable; the sum of Nb+V+Ti is not toexceed 0,12%.

(5) When any grade of higher strength steel is supplied in the thermo-mechanically rolled condition, variations in the specifiedchemical composition may be allowed or required by the Society and are to be stated at the approval.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


2.3.7 Rectification of surface defects by weldingSurface defects of products which cannot be removed asstated in [2.3.6] may be repaired by chipping or grindingfollowed by welding subject to the Surveyor’s agreementand witnessing when requested, provided that:

a) after removal of defects and before welding, the thick-ness of the piece is in no place reduced by more than20% with respect to the nominal thickness

b) repair is carried out by an approved procedure and byqualified welders using approved low hydrogen elec-trodes and the excess weld thickness is subsequentlyground smooth to the surface level

c) no single welded area exceeds 0,125 m 2 and the sum of all welded areas does not exceed 2% of the total surfacearea of the plate

d) after the final grinding the piece is normalised or stress-relieved, where required by the Surveyor. For plates tobe supplied in normalised condition, a new normalisingheat treatment is required as a rule, except for repairs of negligible size, when the piece had already been nor-malised before repair; for products obtained by thermo-mechanical rolling processes, the conditions stated atthe approval of the rolling process apply

e) the repaired plates are presented to the Surveyor foracceptance; in addition to the visual inspection the Sur-veyor may require the soundness to be verified by ultra-sonic, magnetic particle or dye penetrant methods, asappropriate.


2.4.1 The products are to be supplied in the condition indi-cated in Tab 5 and Tab 6 for normal strength steels and Tab9 and Tab 10 for higher strength steels.The definition of the supply conditions is given in [1.7.3].


2.5.1 GeneralThe chemical composition is determined by the Manufac-turer on ladle samples (see Ch 1, Sec 1, [2.2.1]).

2.5.2 Normal strength steelsThe chemical composition is to comply with the require-ments specified in Tab 1.

2.5.3 Higher strength steelsThe chemical composition is to comply with the require-ments specified in Tab 2.At the time of the approval of higher strength steels, anupper limit for carbon equivalent C EQ on the ladle analysis

may be specified.Unless otherwise agreed, the value of C EQ is calculated bythe following formula:

For steel produced by thermo-mechanical rolling, C EQ is tocomply with the requirements of Tab 3.As an alternative to C EQ, at the discretion of the Society, thecold cracking susceptibility Pcm may be used for evaluatingthe weldability.Pcm is given by the following formula and an upper limitmay be agreed at the time of the approval of the steel:

When a limit of C EQ and Pcm is required, the relevant val-ues are to be stated by the Manufacturer and included inthe testing documentation for each cast.

Table 3 : Carbon equivalent for higher strength steelsup to 100 mm in thickness produced by TM process

2.6 Mechanical Properties

2.6.1 Normal strength steelsThe mechanical properties are indicated in Tab 4.The number of impact tests to be performed is indicated inTab 5 for plates and wide flats and Tab 6 for sections and bars.

Table 4 : Normal strength steels - Mechanical properties

Steel gradeCarbon equivalentCEQ max. (%) (1)

t ≤ 50 50 < t ≤ 100

AH32, DH32, EH32, FH32AH36, DH36, EH36, FH36AH40, DH40, EH40, FH40

0,360,380,40

0,380,400,42

t = thickness (mm)(1) More stringent carbon equivalent limits may be agreed

between the Manufacturer and the shipbuilder in indi-vidual cases.

CEQ C Mn6

---------Cr Mo V+ +

5--------------------------------

Ni Cu+

15-------------------- - %+ + +=

Pcm C Si30------

Mn20

---------Cu20-------

Ni60------

Cr20------

Mo15

---------V10------ 5B %+ + + + + + + +=

Steelgrade

Yield stressReH

(N/mm2)min.

Tensilestrength

Rm

(N/mm2)

El. A5 (%) min

(1)

Average impact energy (J) minKVL longitudinal - KVT transverse - t = thickness (mm)

Test temp(°C)

t ≤ 50 50 < t ≤ 70 70 < t ≤ 100KVL KVT KVL KVT KVL KVT

A 235 400/520 (2) 22 +20 34 24 41 27B 235 400/520 22 0 27 20 34 24 41 27D 235 400/520 22 −20 27 20 34 24 41 27E 235 400/520 22 −40 27 20 34 24 41 27

(1) El.: elongation. For full thickness flat tensile test specimens with a width of 25 mm and a gauge length of 200mm, the elonga-tion is to comply with the minimum values given for strength level 32 in Tab 8.

(2) For sections in grade A of all thicknesses, the upper limit for the specified tensile stress range may be exceeded up to a maxi-mum of 540 N/mm 2.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 5 : Normal strength plates and wide flats - Condition of supply and number of impact tests

Table 6 : Normal strength sections and bars - Condition of supply and number of impact tests

2.6.2 Higher strength steels

The mechanical properties are indicated in Tab 7.

The condition of supply and the number of impact tests tobe performed are indicated in Tab 9 for plates and wide flatsand Tab 10 for sections and bars.

2.7 Mechanical Tests

2.7.1 General

Samples for mechanical tests are to be cut from the prod-ucts in the final supply condition.The tests are to be carriedout on pieces selected from batches or on individual piecesas required in [2.7.5] and [2.7.6].

2.7.2 Batch testing

All materials in the batch are to be from the same heat, of the same product type, in the same condition of supply andwithin the following ranges of thickness and mass:

a) difference between minimum and maximum thicknessnot exceeding 10 mm

b) mass not exceeding 50 t.

For products of steel type A intended for secondary applica-tions, the batch composition may not be required to berestricted to material from the same heat, but in such casethe mass of the batch is not to exceed 25 t.

Steel gradeCondition of supply (1)

Batch for impact tests in tons ( ) for thickness t (mm) (2)

t ≤ 25 25 < t < 35 35 ≤ t ≤ 50 50 < t ≤ 100

A A(−) (3) (N,TM)(−) NR(50) AR*(50)

B (4) A (−) A(50) (N,TM)(50) NR(25) AR*(25)

D A(50) (N,NR,TM)(50) (N,TM)(50) NR(25)

E N or TM (each piece)

(1) Abbreviations:A : AnyN : Normalised Condition (heat treatment)NR : Normalising Rolled Condition as an alternative to NormalisingTM : Thermo-Mechanical RollingAR* : As Rolled Condition subject to the special approval of the Society.

(2) One set of impact tests is to be taken from each batch of the weight in tons specified in brackets (), from each fraction thereof orfrom each piece as indicated. When impact tests are not required the indication is ( −).

(3) Charpy V-notch tests are generally not required for fine grained grade A products over 50 mm thick N or TM; when required,the rate is at the Society’s discretion.

(4) Charpy V-notch tests are generally not required for Grade B steel with thickness of 25 mm or less; when required, the rate is atthe Society’s discretion.

Steel gradeCondition of supply (1)

Batch for impact tests in tons ( ) for thickness t (mm) (2)

t ≤ 25 25< t ≤ 35 35 < t ≤ 50

A A (−)

B (3) A (−) A (50)D A (50) N(50) NR(50) TM(50) AR*(25)

E N(25) TM(25) AR*(15) NR*(15)

(1) Abbreviations:A : AnyN : Normalised Condition (heat treatment)NR : Normalising Rolled Condition as an alternative to NormalisingTM : Thermo-Mechanical RollingAR* : As Rolled Condition subject to the special approval of the SocietyNR* : Normalising Rolled Condition subject to the special approval of the Society.

(2) One set of impact tests is to be taken from each batch of the weight in tons specified in brackets ( ) or fraction thereof. Whenimpact tests are not required, the indication is ( −).

(3) Charpy V-notch impact tests are generally not required for Grade B steel with thickness of 25 mm or less.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 7 : Higher strength steels - Mechanical properties

Table 8 : Elongation (%) on a gauge length of 200 mm for thickness t (mm)

Table 9 : Higher strength plates and wide flats - Condition of supply and number of impact tests

Steel gradeYield stress

ReH

(N/mm2) min.

Tensilestrength Rm

(N/mm2)

Elong. A5 (%) min.

(1)

Average impact energy (J) min. for thickness t (mm)

Test temp.(°C)

t ≤ 50 50 < t ≤ 70 70 < t ≤ 100KVL KVT KVL KVT KVL KVT

AH32DH32EH32FH32

315 440/570 22 0− 20− 40− 60

31313131

22222222

38383838

26262626

46464646

31313131

AH36DH36EH36FH36

355 490/630 21 0− 20− 40− 60

34343434

24242424

41414141

27272727

50505050

34343434

AH40DH40EH40FH40

390 510/660 20 0− 20− 40− 60

39393939

26262626

46464646

31313131

55555555

37373737

(1) For full thickness flat tensile test specimens with a width of 25 mm and a gauge length of 200 mm, the elongation is to complywith the minimum values given in Tab 8.

Strength grade t ≤ 5 5 < t ≤ 10 10 < t ≤ 15 15 < t ≤ 20 20 < t ≤ 25 25 < t ≤ 30 30 < t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 5032 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 2236 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 2140 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Steel grade Grain refining

elements

Condition of supply (1)Batch for impact tests in tons ( ) for thickness t (mm) up to: (2)

12,5 20 25 35 50 100AH32 (3)AH36 (3)

Nb and/or V A(50) N(50), NR(50), TM(50) N(50), NR(25), TM(25)Al only A(50) AR*(25) Not applicableor with Ti N(50), NR(50), TM(50) N(50), NR(25), TM(50)

AH40 Any A(50) N(50), NR(50), TM(50) N(50), TM(50), QT (each piece asheat treated)

DH32DH36

Nb and/or V A(50) N(50), NR(50), TM(50) N(50), NR(25), TM(50)Al only A(50) AR*(25) Not applicableor with Ti N(50), NR(50), TM(50) N(50), NR(25), TM(50)

DH40 Any N(50), NR(50), TM(50) N(50), TM(50), QT (each piece asheat treated)

EH32EH36 Any N (each piece), TM (each piece)

EH40 Any N (each piece), TM (each piece), QT (each piece as heat treated)FH32FH36

Any N (each piece), TM (each piece), QT (each piece as heat treated)

FH40 Any N (each piece), TM (each piece), QT (each piece as heat treated)(1) Abbreviations:

A : AnyN : Normalised Condition (heat treatment)NR : Normalising Rolled Condition as an alternative to NormalisingTM : Thermo-Mechanical RollingQT : Quenched and Tempered ConditionAR* : As Rolled Condition subject to the special approval of the Society.

(2) One set of impact tests is to be taken from each batch of the weight in tons specified in brackets ( ), from each fraction thereof or from each piece as indicated. When impact tests are not required the indication is ( −).

(3) For Grades AH32 and AH36 steels, a relaxation in the number of impact tests may be permitted by special agreement with theSociety, provided that satisfactory results are obtained from occasional checks.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 10 : Higher strength sections and bars - Condition of supply and number of impact tests

2.7.3 Individual testing

For tests on individual pieces the term piece means rolledunit as defined in Ch 1, Sec 1, [3.3.3].

2.7.4 Sampling

For plates and flats having width ≥ 600 mm, the specimensfor tensile test are to be taken in the transverse direction andthe specimens for the Charpy V impact test in the longitudi-nal direction (KVL).

In other cases the specimens are to be taken in the longitu-dinal direction, unless otherwise required by or agreed withthe Society.

The impact test requirements specified on transverse speci-mens (KVT) are to be fulfilled by the Manufacturer and ran-dom checks may be required by the Society.

Generally, impact tests are not required when the nominalproduct thickness is less than 6 mm.

For plates fabricated in coils, the tensile and impact testsrequired are to be duplicated on specimens taken fromsamples cut at both ends of the coil.

Sampling positions are indicated in [1.8.2].Additional through thickness tests may be required for spe-cial applications and are to be carried out according to therequirements of Article [9].

2.7.5 Number of tensile tests

One tensile test is to be carried out from one piece for eachbatch presented or fraction thereof.

In general the specimen is to be taken from a piece selectedin the batch among those with the highest thickness.

2.7.6 Number of impact tests

The number of sets of impact tests required is indicated inTab 5 and Tab 6 for normal strength products and Tab 9 andTab 10 for higher strength products.

When testing is by batches, the specimens are to be takenfrom a piece selected among those of the batch having thehighest thickness.

The number of sets of specimens for the impact test, each of three specimens, summarised in the above-mentionedTables, is to be in accordance with the following require-ments:

a) one set is required for each batch of 50 tons, or fractionthereof for the following grades of steel, unless other-wise specified in b):

• A, for products having thickness > 50 mm

• B, for products having thickness > 25 mm

• D, AH32, DH32, AH36, DH36, AH40, DH40

Steel gradeGrain refining

elements

Condition of supply (1)Batch for impact test in tons( ) for thickness t (mm) up to: (2)

12,5 20 50

AH32 (3)AH36 (3)

Nb and/or V A(50 ) N(50), NR(50), TM(50), AR*(25)Al only or with Ti A(50) N(50), NR(50), TM(50), AR*(25)

AH40 Any A(50) N(50), NR(50), TM(50)

DH32DH36

Nb and/or V A (50) N(50), NR(50), TM(50), AR*(25)

Al only or with Ti A(50) N(50), NR(50), TM(50), AR*(25)

DH40 Any N(50), NR(50), TM(50)

EH32EH36

Any N(25), TM(25), AR*(15), NR*(15)

EH40 Any N(25), TM(25), QT(25)

FH32

FH36

Any N(25), TM(25), QT(25), NR*(15)

FH40 Any N(25), TM(25), QT(25)

(1) Abbreviations:A : AnyN : Normalised Condition (heat treatment)NR : Normalising Rolled Condition as an alternative to NormalisingTM : Thermo-Mechanical RollingQT : Quenched and Tempered ConditionAR* : As Rolled Condition subject to the special approval of the SocietyNR* : Normalising Rolled Condition subject to the special approval of the Society.

(2) One set of impact tests is to be taken from each batch of the weight in tons specified in brackets ( ) or fraction thereof.(3) For Grades AH32 and AH36 steels, a relaxation in the number of impact tests for acceptance purposes may be permitted by

special agreement with the Society provided that satisfactory results are obtained from occasional checks.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


b) except for grade A, for products supplied subject to spe-cial approval in the as rolled condition (AR*), and forproducts with thickness higher than 50 mm supplied inthe controlled rolled condition (NR), the mass of thebatches for the purpose of impact tests is to be 25 t, or afraction thereof

c) one set of three impact test specimens is required for:

• each piece for grades E and F in all strengths

• each batch of 25 t or fraction thereof of sections of grades E and F in all strengths

d) when, subject to special approval, sections of steelgrades E and F in all strengths other than 40 are suppliedin the as rolled (AR*) or controlled rolled (NR*) condi-tion, the mass of the batches for the purpose of impacttests is to be 15 t, or a fraction thereof.

Random checks of the impact values may be required at thediscretion of the Surveyor.

3 High strength quenched andtempered steels

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to weldableferritic high strength quenched and tempered steel platesand wide flats with thickness up to 70 mm.

These requirements may also be applied to products withthickness above 70 mm and to other product forms, such as

sections and tubulars, subject to special agreement with theSociety.

3.2 Steel grades

3.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon-manganese andlow alloyed steels.

The steels are classed into six groups indicated by minimumyield strength levels R eH (N/mm2) 420, 460, 500, 550, 620and 690.

Each group is further subdivided into four grades A, D, Eand F based on the impact test temperature.

The letters A, D, E and F mean impact test at 0, −20, −40and −60°C, respectively.

3.3 Manufacture

3.3.1 ApprovalThe Manufacturers are to be approved by the Society andthe relevant requirements of [1.2] apply.

3.3.2 Deoxidation processThe steel is to be fully killed and fine grain treated.

3.3.3 Dimensional tolerances and surfaceconditions

Unless otherwise agreed or specially required, for underthickness tolerances, surface condition and rectification of surface defects, the requirements depend on the applicationsand are indicated in [2.3.4], [2.3.6] and [2.3.7] for structuralapplications, in [4.3.4] , [4.3.5] and [4.3.6] for applicationsunder pressure and in [6.3.3] for parts of machinery.Repair by welding is to be specially approved.

3.3.4 Non-destructive examinationFor specific applications, ultrasonic examination in accord-ance with recognised standards may be required.Ultrasonic testing of plates intended for offshore structuralapplications of first and special category as defined in theSociety’s Offshore Rules is required and is to be performedin accordance with a recognised standard (e.g. EN 10160 orASTM A 578) and an examination level accepted by theSociety.


3.4.1 The products are to be supplied in the quenched and

tempered condition.However, thermo-mechanical rolling may be also permittedsubject to special approval for thicknesses up to 50 mm, forsteels up to grade 550.For the definition of rolling procedures, see [1.7.3].


3.5.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 11 and inthe approved specification.The approved specification is also to include the alloyingand grain refining elements and the maximum Pcm value(cold cracking susceptibility index), agreed during the initialapproval tests of the steel.

Table 11 : Chemical composition

Yield strengthlevel (N/mm 2)

Steelgrade

Chemical composition (%) (1)

C max. Mn max Si max. P max. S max. Al min. (2) N max.

420up to690

A 0,21 1,70 0,55 0,035 0,035 0,015 0,020

D - E 0,20 1,70 0,55 0,030 0,030 0,015 0,020

F 0,18 1,60 0,55 0,025 0,020 0,015 0,020

(1) The content of other elements used for alloying and fine grain treatment is to be within the limits specified for the steel at thetime of its approval and is not normally to exceed the following per cent limits:

Cu max.= 1,5 ; Cr max.= 2,0 ; Ni max.= 2,0 ; Mo max.= 1,0 ; N max.= 0,020 ; B max.= 0,06 ; Nb max.= 0,06 ; V max.= 0,10 ;Ti max.= 0,20 ; Zr max.= 0,15.

(2) The acid soluble Al content may be totally replaced by Nb, V or Ti. The total aluminium content may be determined instead of the acid soluble content and in such cases the total aluminium content is to be not less than 0,020%.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


The Pcm value is to be calculated from the ladle analysis inaccordance with the following formula:

The alloying and grain refining elements and Pcm value, asapplicable, are to be stated by the steelmaker and includedin the testing documentation for each cast.

3.6 Mechanical properties

3.6.1 The mechanical properties are specified in Tab 12.

3.7 Mechanical tests

3.7.1 General

Samples for tests are to be cut from the products in the finalsupply condition. The tests are to be carried out on eachrolled unit as heat treated.

The definition of rolled unit is given in Ch 1, Sec 1, [3.3.3].

For continuously heat treated products, special samplingprocedures may be agreed at the Society’s discretion.

Table 12 : Mechanical properties

Table 13 : Minimum elongation values for flat specimens 25 mm width and 200 mm gauge length

Pcm C Si30------

Mn20

---------Cu20-------

Ni60------

Cr20------

Mo15

---------V10------ 5B %+ + + + + + + +=

Steel gradeYield stressReH (N/mm2)

min. (1)

Tensile strengthRm (N/mm2)

ElongationA5 (%)

min. (2)

Average impact energy test (J)min.

Test temp (C°) Longitudinal KVL Transverse KVT

A420 0D420 420 530 - 680 18 − 20 42 28E420 − 40F420 − 60A460 0D460 460 570 - 720 17 − 20 46 31E460 − 40F460 − 60A500 0D500 500 610 - 770 16 − 20 50 33E500 − 40F500 − 60A550 0D550 550 670 - 830 16 − 20 55 37E550 − 40F550 − 60A620 0D620 620 720 - 890 15 − 20 62 41E620 − 40F620 − 60A690 0D690 690 770 - 940 14 − 20 69 46E690 − 40F690 − 60

(1) A yield strength to ultimate tensile strength ratio may be required when specified in the steel approval conditions.(2) For full thickness flat test specimens with a width of 25 mm and a gauge length of 200 mm, the elongation is to comply with the

values given in Tab 13. The elongation values specified in Tab 12 and Tab 13 are relevant to tensile specimens taken in thetransverse direction. In the case of specimens taken in the longitudinal direction, the elongation values are to be 2 percentageunits above those listed in Tab 12 and Tab 13.

Strength levelThickness t (mm)

t ≤ 10 10 < t ≤ 15 15 < t ≤ 20 20 < t ≤ 25 25 < t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 50 50 < t ≤ 70420 11 13 14 15 16 17 18460 11 12 13 14 15 15 17500 10 11 12 13 14 15 16550 10 11 12 13 14 15 16620 9 11 12 12 13 14 15690 9 10 11 11 12 13 14






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


3.7.2 Sampling

In the case of plates and flats having width ≥ 600 mm, thetensile test and impact test specimens are to be taken in thetransverse direction.


3.7.3 Number of tests

The following test specimens are to be taken from eachsample:

a) 1 tensile test specimen,

b) 1 set of 3 Charpy V-notch impact test specimens.

4 Steels for boilers and pressurevessels

4.1 Scope

4.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to weldableferritic steel products (plates, flats, sections and bars)intended for boilers and pressure vessels.

Provision is made for products with thickness up to 60 mmand impact properties at a temperature not lower than −20°C.

These requirements may also be applied to products withthickness above 60 mm subject to agreement with the Soci-ety.

4.1.2 Special requirements may be specified in the case of applications intended for dangerous substances or particu-larly severe service conditions.

4.1.3 In the case of applications involving the storage andtransport of liquefied gases, the relevant requirements of theSociety’s Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships apply.

4.2 Steel grades

4.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon and carbon man-ganese steels and low alloy steels (Mo and Cr-Mo steels).

4.2.2 Carbon and carbon manganese steels are classed into

four groups indicated by the minimum ultimate tensilestrength Rm ( N/mm2): 360, 410, 460 and 510.Each group may be further subdivided into grades HA, HBand HD, as appropriate, based on the quality level andimpact properties.The letters HA, HB and HD mean impact properties at+20°C, 0°C and −20°C, respectively.

4.2.3 Low alloy steels are designated according to thechemical composition into the grades 0,3Mo - 1Cr0,5Mo -2,25Cr1Mo.Two types of 2,25Cr1Mo steel are specified in relation tothe heat treatment and consequent mechanical properties.The figures mean the nominal percentage content of themain alloying elements.

4.3 Manufacture

4.3.1 ApprovalUnless otherwise agreed by the Society, the Manufacturers areto be approved and the relevant requirements of [1.2] apply.

4.3.2 Deoxidation processThe method of deoxidation is specified in Tab 14 and Tab 15 .

4.3.3 Rolling practice

Where CR (NR) are applied, the programmed rolling sched-ules are to be submitted to the Society at the time of theapproval and are to be made available when required bythe attending Surveyor. On the manufacturer’s responsibil-ity, the programmed rolling schedules are to be adhered toduring the rolling operation (as per [1.3.2]). To this effect,the actual rolling records are to be reviewed by the manu-facturer and, occasionally, by the Surveyor.

Table 14 : Carbon and carbon manganese steels - Chemical composition

Steel grade DeoxidationChemical composition (%) (1)

C max Mn Si P max S max Al tot. min. (1) Ni max

360HA not rimmed 0,16 ≥ 0,40 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,030360HB killed 0,16 0,40 - 1,20 0,10 - 0,35 0,030 0,030360HD killed and fine grained 0,16 0,40 - 1,20 0,10 - 0,35 0,030 0,030 0,020410HA not rimmed 0,20 ≥ 0,50 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,030 0,30410HB killed 0,20 0,50 - 1,40 0,10 - 0,35 0,030 0,030 0,30410HD killed and fine grained 0,20 0,50 - 1,40 0,10 - 0,35 0,030 0,030 0,020 0,30460HB killed 0,20 0,80 - 1,50 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 0,30460HD killed and fine grained 0,20 0,80 - 1,50 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 0,020 0,30510HB killed 0,22 0,90 - 1,60 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,025 0,30510HD killed and fine grained 0,20 0,90 - 1,60 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,025 0,020 0,30(1) Nb, V or Ti may be used for grain refining as a complete or partial substitute for Al. The grain refining elements are to be speci-

fied at the time of approval; in general Nb and V are not to exceed 0,05 and 0,10%, respectively.Additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval. Residual elements not intentionally added arenot to exceed the following limits:Cu ≤ 0,30% ; Cr ≤ 0,25% ; Mo ≤ 0,10% . Total: Ni + Cu + Cr + Mo ≤ 0,70%






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 15 : Low alloy steels - Chemical composition

When deviation from the programmed rolling schedulesoccurs, the manufacturer is to take further measures, to theSurveyor’s satisfaction, in accordance with [1.3.2].

4.3.4 Dimensional tolerancesMinus tolerances on the thickness are not normally permit-ted.

4.3.5 Rectification of surface defects by grindingSurface defects may generally be removed by grinding asindicated in [1.6.1], provided that the thickness, after grind-ing, is not less than the nominal thickness.However the extent of repairs is to be agreed with the Sur-veyor. Where the thickness is reduced below the nominalthickness given in the approved plans, the possible accept-ance and the relevant conditions are subject to special con-sideration by the Society.

4.3.6 Rectification of surface defects by weldingDefects which cannot be removed by grinding may gener-ally be repaired by welding under the conditions given in

[1.6.2], except that suitable heat treatment and non-destructive examination are always required after repair.The purchaser is to be informed as to the extent and posi-tion of the repairs carried out on the individual plates.


4.4.1 The products are to be supplied in the conditionsindicated in Tab 16 for carbon and carbon manganesesteels and Tab 17 for low alloy steels.

4.4.2 The products to be processed after supply by hotforming may also be supplied, where agreed, in the asrolled condition.In such cases heat treatment is to be carried out after hotforming and provision for the mechanical tests indicated in[4.8.4] is to be made.

4.5 Chemical composition4.5.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 14 for car-bon and carbon manganese steels and Tab 15 for low alloysteels and/or in the approved specification.The approved specification is also to include the alloyingand grain refining elements (not specified in the above-mentioned Tables).The relevant elements as applicable are to be stated by thesteelmaker and included in the testing documentation foreach cast.For C and C-Mn steels, an upper limit for carbon equivalentCEQ on the ladle analysis may be specified at the time of approval of the individual steels.Unless otherwise agreed, the value of C EQ is calculated bythe following formula:

Unless otherwise agreed, when a limit for C EQ is required,the relevant values are to be stated by the steelmaker andincluded in the testing documentation for each cast.

Table 16 : Carbon and carbon manganese steels - Mechanical properties

Steel grade Deoxidation(2)

Chemical composition (%) (1)C Mn Si P max S max Cr Mo

0,3Mo Si killed 0,12 - 0,20 0,40 - 0,90 0,10 - 0,35 0,030 0,030 ≤ 0,30 0,25-0,35

1Cr 0,5Mo Si killed 0,08 - 0,18 0,40 - 1,00 0,15 - 0,35 0,030 0,030 0,70-1,20 0,40-0,602,25Cr 1Mo Si killed 0,07 - 0,15 0,40 - 0,80 0,15 - 0,50 0,030 0,030 2,00-2,50 0,90-1,10(1) Residual elements are not to exceed the following limits: Cu ≤ 0,30%, Ni ≤ 0,30%.(2) Aluminium total max 0,020% for all grades of steel. The aluminium content is to be mentioned in the ladle analysis certificate.

CEQ C=Mn6

---------Cr Mo V+ +

5--------------------------------

Ni Cu+

15-------------------- - %+ + +

Steelgrade

Heattreatment

(1)

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2

) min.for thickness (mm) TensilestrengthRm

(N/mm2)

Elong. A5

(%) min.Average impact energy (J)min.

t ≤ 16 16 < t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 60 Test temp(°C) KVT KVL

360HAN or NR

215 205 195 360 - 480 25 + 20 27 41360HB360HD

235 225 215 0− 20

410HAN or NR

245 235 225 410 - 530 23 + 20410HB410HD

265 255 245 0− 20

460HBN or NR

285 270 260 460 - 580 22 0460HD 295 285 280 − 20

510HB N or NR 345 335 325 510 - 630 21 0510HD 355 345 335 − 20

(1) N : Normalising - NR : Normalising Rolling. As an alternative to normalising, the as rolled condition may be accepted for sec-tions, subject to approval of individual steelmakers.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 17 : Low alloy steels - Mechanical properties


4.6.1 The mechanical properties are specified in Tab 16 forcarbon and carbon manganese steels and Tab 17 for low

alloy steels.

4.7 Mechanical properties at elevated tem-peratures

4.7.1 The values for the yield stress or 0,2% proof stress(Rp0,2) at temperatures of 100°C and higher are given in Tab18.The above values are for design purposes only. Their verifi-cation is in general not required during the testing, unless

figures higher than those shown in the above Tables but inaccordance with recognised standards are proposed by thesteel Manufacturer.

In such cases, the verification is required and the proce-dures detailed in [4.7.2] and [4.7.3] are to be followed.

4.7.2 When R p0,2 is required to be verified, at least one ten-sile test for each cast is to be carried out at the agreed tem-perature.

The sample is to be cut from the thickest plate of the castand, if applicable, at the end of the plate that has shown thelowest figures in the tensile test at ambient temperature.

Table 18 : Minimum proof stress (R p0,2 ) values at elevated temperatures

Steel gradeHeat

treatment(1)

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2)min. for thickness (mm)

Tensilestrength Rm

(N/mm2)

Elongation A5 (%) min.for thickness (mm)

Average impactenergy (J) min.

at + 20°C

t ≤ 16 16 < t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 60 t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 60 KVT0,3Mo N 275 270 260 430 - 600 24 23 31

1Cr 0,5Mo N + T 300 295 295 450 - 610 20 19

2,25Cr 0,5Mo N + T 295 285 275 520 - 670 18 18

N+T or Q+T 310 310 310 470 - 620

(1) N = Normalising; T = Tempering; Q = Quenching

Steelgrade

Thickness(mm)

Rp0,2 (N/mm2

) at a temperature (°C) of 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

360HA (1) ≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 60

175171162

172169158

168162152

150144141

124124124

117117117

115115115

360HB (1)360HD (1)

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 60

204196179

185183172

165164159

145145145

127127127

116116116

110110110

410HA (1) ≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 60

211201192

208198188

201191181

180171168

150150150

142142142

138138138

410HB (1)410HD (1) ≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 60

235228215

216213204

194192188

171171171

152152152

141141141

134134134

460HB (1)460HD (1)

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 60

262260251

247242235

223220217

198198198

177177177

167167167

158158158

510HB (1)510HD (1)

≤ 60 290 270 255 235 215 200 180

0,3Mo ≤ 60 215 200 170 160 150 145 140

1Cr 0,5Mo ≤ 60 230 220 205 190 180 170 165

2,25Cr 1Mo ≤ 60 (2) ≤ 60 (3)

235265

230255

220235

210225

200215

190205

180195

(1) The values at R p0,2 for temperatures ≤ 250°C are for guidance only.(2) Normalised and tempered(3) Normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


The sample is to be taken halfway between the edge and theaxis of the piece, and the axis of the test specimen is to belocated at one quarter of the thickness from one of therolled surfaces.The dimensions of the specimens and the testing procedure

are to be in accordance with the requirements of Ch 1, Sec2, [2.1] and Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.2.5], respectively.The results of tests are to comply with the specified values.

4.7.3 As an alternative to the systematic verification of therequired R p0,2 as in [4.7.2], it may be agreed with the indi-vidual steelmakers to carry out an adequate program of testson the normal production for each type of steel to beapproved.For Manufacturers and steel types approved on this basis,tensile tests at elevated temperatures are not generallyrequired during the routine testing of the material supplied;they may be required by the Society as a random check for

the confirmation of the approval.4.7.4 For design purposes only, the estimated values of thestress to rupture in 100000 hours are given in Tab 19 forgroups of steels.


4.8.1 General

Unlesss otherwise agreed (see [4.8.6]), samples for tests areto be cut from the products in the final supply conditions.

4.8.2 Samples from plates and wide flats

One sample is to be taken from one end of each rolled unitwhen the mass and the length do not exceed 5t and 15m,respectively.

When either of these limits is exceeded, samples are to becut at both ends of each rolled unit.


4.8.3 Samples from sections and bars

One sample is to be taken from each batch homogeneousfor cast, section size and condition of supply. Each batch isto contain not more than 50 pieces and its total mass is notto exceed 10 t.

Table 19 : Average values for stress to rupture in 100000 hours (N/mm 2)

Temperature (°C)Steel grade

360 - 410 460 - 510 0,3Mo 1Cr 0,5Mo 2,25Cr 1Mo

380 170 225

390 155 200

400 140 175410 125 155

420 110 135

430 100 115

440 90 100

450 75 85 235 285 220

460 (60) (70) 205 250 205

470 (50) (60) 175 220 185

480 (40) (55) 145 190 170

490 (45) 120 160 150

500 (40) 100 135 135510 80 120 120

520 65 95 105

530 50 80 90

540 60 75

550 50 65

560 40 55

570 30 50

580 45

590 (40)

600 (35)Note 1: The values shown are estimated average values; the lower limit of the range is approximately 20% less than the averagevalue. The values in brackets for some higher temperatures indicate that the steel is not suitable for continuous use at such tempera-tures.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


4.8.4 Sampling of test specimensIn the case of plates and wide flats having width ≥ 600mm,the tensile test and impact test specimens are to be taken inthe transverse direction.

In other cases the specimens are to be taken in the longitu-

dinal direction, unless otherwise required by or agreed withthe Society.

4.8.5 Number of test specimensThe following test specimens are to be taken from eachsample:

a) 1 tensile test specimen (2 tests in the case of barsintended for tie rods)

b) 1 set of 3 Charpy V-notch impact test specimens (onlyfor grades HB and HD unless otherwise specified)

c) 1 tensile test specimen at elevated temperature, for eachcast, when required.

4.8.6 Material to be hot workedWhen for material to be hot worked after delivery, it isagreed that the heat treatment required will be carried outby the purchaser, the samples are to be submitted by thesteelmaker to such treatment before the cutting of test spec-imens.

In particular cases (when the material is submitted to coldor hot working during fabrication), tests additional to theroutine testing may be required on samples in the final con-dition of the material after fabrication.

These may also include tests on material submitted to artifi-cial aging treatment as indicated in Ch 1, Sec 2, [8.1.1].

5 Ferritic steels for low temperatureservice

5.1 Scope

5.1.1 The requirement of this Article apply to ferritic steelproducts (plates, flats, sections and bars) intended for cargotanks, storage tanks, process pressure vessels and systemsfor liquefied gases and other pressure vessels in general,when impact properties at temperature lower than −20°Care required.

Provision is made for products with thickness up to 60mm.The extension to higher thicknesses and relevant conditionsare subject to agreement with the Society.

5.1.2 Special requirements may be specified in the case of applications intended for dangerous substances or particu-larly severe service conditions.

5.1.3 In case of applications involving the storage andtransport of liquefied gases, the appropriate requirements of the Society’s Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships alsoapply.

5.2 Steel grades

5.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon, carbon manga-nese and Ni alloy steels.

5.2.2 The carbon and carbon manganese steels are classedinto four groups indicated by the minimum ultimate tensilestrength Rm (N/mm2): 410, 460, 510 and 550.

Each group is further subdivided into two grades, LE and LF,based on the quality level and impact properties.

The letters LE and LF mean impact properties at −40 and −60°C, respectively.

5.2.3 Ni alloy steels are designated according to the chem-ical composition into the grades: 1,5Ni - 3,5Ni - 5Ni - 9Ni.The figures mean the Ni nominal percentage content.

5.3 Manufacture

5.3.1 Approval

The Manufacturers are to be approved by the Society (see[1.2]).

5.3.2 Deoxidation process

The steel is to be killed and fine grained.

5.3.3 Dimensional tolerances

For pressure vessels, minus tolerances on thickness are notnormally permitted.

5.3.4 Surface conditions

For repairs, the provisions of [4.3.5] and [4.3.6] apply.

Repairs by welding are not normally allowed on 5% or 9%nickel steels.


5.4.1 Unless otherwise accepted by the Society, carbonand carbon manganese products are to be supplied in nor-malised (N) condition.

Nickel steel products are to be supplied in the conditionsindicated in Tab 23.

5.4.2 The products to be processed after supply by hotworking may also be supplied, where agreed, in the asrolled condition.In such cases heat treatment is to be carried out after form-

ing and provision for the mechanical tests indicated in[4.8.6] is to be made.


5.5.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 20 and Tab21 and/or in the approved specification.The approved specification is also to include the alloyingand grain refining elements (not specified in Tab 20).

The content of the above elements, as applicable, is to bestated by the steelmaker for each heat and included in the

testing documentation.For C and C-Mn steels, an upper limit for carbon equivalentCEQ on the ladle analysis may be specified at the time of approval of the individual steels.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 20 : Carbon and carbon manganese steels - Chemical composition

Table 21 : Nickel alloy steels - Chemical composition

Unless otherwise agreed, the value of C EQ is calculated bythe following formula:

Unless otherwise agreed, when a limit for C EQ is requiredthe relevant values are to be stated by the steelmaker andincluded in the testing documentation for each cast.


5.6.1 The products are to comply with the mechanicalproperties specified in Tab 22 and Tab 23.


5.7.1 General

Unless otherwise agreed in the case of materials to be hotworked after delivery [5.4.2], samples for tests are to be cutfrom the products in the final supply conditions.

5.7.2 Plates and wide flatsOne sample is to be taken from one end of each rolled unitwhen the mass and the length do not exceed 5t and 15m,respectively.

When either of these limits is exceeded, samples are to becut at both ends of each rolled unit.


5.7.3 Sections and bars

One sample is to be taken from each batch homogeneousfor heat, section size and condition of supply.

Each batch is to contain not more than 50 pieces and itstotal mass is not to exceed 10 t.

5.7.4 Sampling

In the case of plates and wide flats having width ≥ 600mm,the tensile test and impact test specimens are to be taken inthe transverse direction.


5.7.5 Number of tests

The following test specimens are to be taken from eachsample:

a) 1 tensile test specimen

b) 1 set of 3 Charpy V-notch impact test specimens

c) 2 or more drop weight test specimens, when required.

Steelgrade


C max Mn Si P max S max Al tot min Ni max

410 LE 0,18 0,50 - 1,40 0,10 - 0,35 0,030 0,030 0,020 0,30

410 LF 0,16 0,50 - 1,40 0,10 - 0,35 0,030 0,030 0,020 0,80

460 LE 0,18 0,80 - 1,50 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 0,020 0,30

460 LF 0,16 0,80 - 1,50 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 0,020 0,80

510 LE 0,18 1,00 - 1,70 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,025 0,020 0,30

510 LF 0,16 1,00 - 1,70 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,025 0,020 0,80

550 LE 0,18 1,00 - 1,70 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,025 0,020 0,30

550 LF 0,16 1,00 - 1,70 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,025 0,020 0,80

(1) Nb, V or Ti may be used for grain refining as a complete or partial substitute for Al. The grain refining elements are to be speci-fied at the time of approval; in general Nb and V are not to exceed 0,05 and 0,10 %, respectively. Additional alloying elementsare to be submitted for consideration and approval. Residual elements not intentionally added are not to exceed the following

limits (%): Cu ≤ 0,30, Cr ≤ 0,15, Mo ≤ 0,10.

Steel gradeChemical composition (1) (2)

C max Mn Si max P max S max Ni Cr max Mo max

1,5 Ni 0,18 0,30 - 1,50 0,35 0,035 0,020 1,30 - 1,70 0,25 0,10

3,5 Ni 0,15 0,30 - 0,90 0,35 0,035 0,020 3,20 - 3,80 0,25 0,10

5,0 Ni 0,12 0,30 - 0,90 0,35 0,035 0,020 4,70 - 5,30 0,25 0,10

9,0 Ni 0,10 0,30 - 0,90 0,35 0,035 0,020 8,50 - 10,0 0,25 0,10

(1) Residual elements are not to exceed the following limits (%): Cu ≤ 0,35 ; V ≤ 0,05 . Total Cr + Cu + Mo ≤ 0,50

(2) Aluminium total not less than 0,020 for all grades of steels. The aluminium content is to be mentioned in the ladle analysis cer-tificate.

CEQ C=Mn6

---------Cr Mo V+ +

5--------------------------------

Ni Cu+

15-------------------- - %+ + +






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


Table 22 : Carbon and carbon manganese steels - Mechanical properties

Table 23 : Nickel steels - Mechanical properties

6 Steels for machinery

6.1 Scope

6.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to carbon, car-bon manganese, low alloy and alloy rolled steel productsintended for use in the construction of structures and partsof machinery and equipment operating at ambient tempera-ture.

In the case of applications in low or high temperature pres-sure systems, reference is to be made to the applicablerequirements of Articles [5] and [4] respectively.

6.1.2 The products are grouped as follows, depending onthe application:

a) structural parts of deck equipment

b) welded machinery structures such as bedplates, crank-cases, frame entablatures or similar items

c) rolled products, such as bars for small shafts, pins, boltsor similar items, when, in the limit of diameters of 250mm, they are accepted in lieu of forgings.

6.2 Steel grades and relevant properties

6.2.1 The type of steels covered by Articles [2], [4], [5] and[7] may be used as appropriate.

Chemical and mechanical properties are to comply with therequirements given therein.

For products having thickness exceeding the maximumthickness considered in the above-mentioned Articles, thefollowing deviations in mechanical properties are permit-ted:• the minimum yield stress R eH required is reduced by 1%

for every 5 mm thickness over the a.m. maximum• the minimum elongation A 5 min. required is reduced by

1 unit for thickness over than the a.m. max up to 100mm and by 2 units for thickness greater than 100 mm.

6.3 Manufacture and condition of supply

6.3.1 Products intended for applications under [6.1.2] a)and [6.1.2] b) are to be manufactured and supplied as indi-cated in [2.3] and [2.4], [4.3] and [4.4], [5.3] and [5.4], asappropriate.For products intended for applications under [6.1.2] c), theapplicable requirements of Sec 3 apply; unless otherwiseagreed, a reduction ration of 6:1 in respect of the originalingot is generally required.

Table 24 : Under thickness tolerance

Steelgrade

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2) min.for thickness t (mm) Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2)Elong.

A5 (%) minAverage impact energy (J ) min.

t ≤ 16 16 < t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 60 Temp (°C) KVT KVL

410 LE 265 255 245 410 - 530 23 − 40 27 41410 LF 290 280 270 410 - 530 23 − 60 27 41

460 LE 295 285 270 460 - 580 22 − 40 27 41

460 LF 320 310 300 460 - 580 22 − 60 27 41

510 LE 355 345 335 510 - 630 21 − 40 27 41

510 LF 355 345 335 510 - 630 21 − 60 27 41

550 LE 390 380 375 550 - 670 20 − 40 27 41

550 LF 390 380 375 550 - 670 20 − 60 27 41

Steelgrade

Heat treatment(1)

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2)min.


Elongation A5 (%) min.

Average impact energy (J) min.

Temp (°C) KVT KVL

1,5 Ni N+T or Q+T 275 490 - 640 22 − 80 27 41

3,5 Ni N+T or Q+T 285 450 - 610 21 − 95 27 41

5,0 Ni N+T or Q+T 390 540 - 740 21 − 110 27 41

9,0 Ni N+N+T or Q+T 490 640 - 790 18 − 196 27 41

(1) N=normalising T= tempering Q = quenching

Nominal thickness t (mm) Under thickness tolerance (mm)

5 ≤ t ≤ 8 0,4

8 < t ≤ 15 0,5

15 < t ≤ 25 0,6

25 < t ≤ 40 0,8

t > 40 1,0






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


6.3.2 For specific applications, ultrasonic examinations inaccordance with approved standards or procedures may berequired.

Rolled bars for shaft lines, used in lieu of forgings and hav-ing a diameter higher than 150 mm, are to be submitted to

non-destructive (ultrasonic and magnetoscopic) examina-tions.

6.3.3 Unless otherwise agreed or specially required, theunder thickness tolerances indicated in Tab 24 apply toplates and wide flats.


6.4.1 For applications under [6.1.2] a) and [6.1.2] b), irre-spective of the grade of steel, the testing may be in batchesin accordance with the relevant requirements of Article [2].

One tensile test is to be carried out from one piece for eachbatch presented or fraction thereof.

Unless otherwise required, the impact tests may be omitted.

6.4.2 For applications under [6.1.2] c), the testing proce-dure is to be in accordance with the requirements of Sec 3,[1.8.4] relevant to forgings.

6.4.3 The results of tensile and impact tests are to complywith requirements of Articles [2], [4] and [5], [7], as appli-cable.

7 Stainless steel products

7.1 Scope

7.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to austeniticand austenitic-ferritic (duplex) rolled stainless productsintended for use in construction of cargo tanks, storagetanks and pressure vessels for chemicals and limitedly to theaustenitic grades for liquefied gases.

7.1.2 Austenitic stainless steels are suitable for use both at

elevated and low temperatures.When austenitic stainless steels are proposed for use at ele-vated temperatures, details of chemical composition, heattreatment and mechanical properties are to be submitted forconsideration and approval.

Unless otherwise specified, austenitic-ferritic stainless steelsare in general suitable for service temperature between −20°C and +275°C.

7.1.3 Stainless steel bars may be used for propeller shafts orsimilar applications under the conditions given in [6.1.2] c).

7.1.4 In cases of applications involving the storage andtransport of liquefied gases in bulk, the appropriate require-ments of the Society’s Rules for the Classification of SteelShips apply.

7.2 Steel grades

7.2.1 The requirements apply to Cr-Ni austenitic and auste-nitic-ferritic stainless steels.Note 1: Reference is made for designation to the correspondingAISI grade.

Other stainless steel of martensitic types, in accordancewith international or national standards, may be acceptedfor specific applications such as in [7.1.3].

7.3 Manufacture

7.3.1 ApprovalUnless otherwise agreed, the Manufacturers of steelintended for the construction of chemical carriers are to beapproved by the Society and the relevant requirements of [1.2] apply.

7.3.2 Corrosion resistanceThe resistance of tank material to cargoes is under theresponsibility of the yard.

Justification of such resistance is to be submitted to theSociety.

7.3.3 Dimensional tolerancesWith the exception of pressure vessels (see [4.3.4]), theminimum tolerance on thickness is to be 0,3 mm.

7.3.4 Surface conditionsSurface defects may be removed by grinding, provided thatthe plate thickness at the location of the ground zone is notless than the minimum thickness specified in [7.3.3].Surface defects which cannot be removed by grinding maybe generally repaired under the conditions given in [2.3.7],as applicable.


7.4.1 All materials are to be supplied in the solution treatedcondition.


7.5.1The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 25.




7.7.1 Batch compositionThe products are grouped in batches of 20 tons or fractionthereof, consisting of parts coming from the same cast, thethickness of which differs by no more than 5mm in the case

of flat products.When the batch is made up of plates, the plate selected totake the test specimens is to be one of those of highestthickness.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1




7.7.2 Sampling

In the case of plates and wide flats having width ≥ 600mm,the tensile test and impact test specimens are to be taken inthe transverse direction.


7.7.3 Number of testsThe following tests are to be carried out:a) one tensile test at ambient temperatureb) unless otherwise required, 3 Charpy V-notch impact

tests at:• −196°C for austenitic steels intended for use in con-

structions with design temperature lower than −105°C• −20°C for austenitic-ferritic steels.

AISI gradedesignation


C max Mn max Si max P max S max Cr Ni Mo Others

Austenitic

304 L 0,030 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 19,0 9,0 - 12,0 −

304 LN 0,030 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 19,0 8,5 - 11,0 − 0,14 ≤ N ≤ 0,22

316 L 0,030 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 16,0 - 18,5 10,0 - 14,0 2,0 - 3,0

316 LN 0,030 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 16,0 - 18,5 10,0 - 14,0 2,0 - 3,0 0,14 ≤ N ≤ 0,22

317 L 0,030 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 18,0 - 20,0 14,0 - 16,0 3,0 - 4,0

317 LN 0,030 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 18,0 - 20,0 12,5 - 14,0 3,0 - 4,0 0,14 ≤ N ≤ 0,22

321 0,080 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 19,0 9,0 - 13,0 − 5xC ≤ Ti ≤ 0,80

347 0,080 2,0 1,0 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 19,0 9,0 - 13,0 − 10xC ≤ Nb ≤ 0,80

Duplex austenitic-ferritic

UNS S 31803 0,030 2,0 0,75 0,035 0,010 21,0 - 23,0 4,5 - 6,5 2,5 - 3,0 0,10 ≤ N ≤ 0,22UNS S 32550 0,030 2,0 0,75 0,035 0,010 24,0 - 26,0 5,5 - 7,5 2,7 - 3,9 1,0 ≤ Cu ≤ 2,0

UNS S 32750 0,030 2,0 0,80 0,035 0,020 24,0 - 26,0 6,0 - 8,0 3,0 - 5,0 Cu ≤ 0,50

(1) With the exception of refining elements, additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval.Residual elements are permitted provided they do not impair the properties, subsequent processing or behaviour in service of the material.


Yield strength (N/mm 2) min. (1) Tensile strength R m (N/mm2)

A5 (%)min.


Rp0,2 Rp1,0 KVL KVT

Austenitic at −196°C at −196°C

304 L 175 215 470 - 670 45 41 27

304LN 270 310 570 - 790 40

316L 195 235 490 - 690 45

316LN 300 340 ≥ 590 45

317L 195 235 490 - 690 40

317LN 300 340 ≥ 590 45

321 205 245 500 - 750 40

347 205 245 500 - 750 40

Duplex austenitic-ferritic at −20°C at −20°CUNS S31803 ≥ 470 660 - 800 25 41 27

UNS S32550 ≥ 490 690 - 890 25

UNS S32750 ≥ 530 730 - 930 25

(1) The yield strength R p0,2 is in general to be determined






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


7.8 Metallographic structure inspection

7.8.1 When required, a metallographic structure inspectionis to be carried out on sections parallel to the rolling direc-tion of the product, and taken over the whole thickness of the product.

The inspection is to be performed with magnification 200x.

No detrimental intermetallic phase (sigma phase) is toappear in appreciable quantity.

7.9 Intergranular corrosion test

7.9.1 When required, an intergranular corrosion test is tobe carried out in compliance with standard ASTM A262Practice E, or other recognised standards.

The test is to reveal no sensitivity to intergranular corrosion.

7.10 Through thickness tests

7.10.1 Where improved through thickness ductility isrequired, through thickness tests are to be performed butare generally not required for grades 304L, 304LN, 321 and347.

7.10.2 Tests and results are to be in accordance with therequirements of Article [9] and [7.10.3].

7.10.3 When the reduction in area is between 25 and 35per cent, additional metallographic examination or otherevidence is required to show that no significant amount of any detrimental phase, such as sigma, is present.

8 Clad steel plates

8.1 Scope

8.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to clad steelplates consisting of a base material ”backing steel” and athinner stainless steel layer ”cladding steel” on one or bothsides, continuously and integrally bonded, by hot rolling orby explosion bonding.

Provision is made for plates having total thickness higherthan 5mm; unless otherwise accepted by the Society, thethickness of the cladding metal is to be ≥ 2mm.

8.2 Steel grades

8.2.1 The grade of the backing steel is to be chosen fromthe steel grades for boilers and pressure vessels defined inArticle [4].

Other backing steel grades may be accepted subject to theSociety’s approval.

8.2.2 The cladding metal in austenitic or austenitic-ferritic

stainless steel is to correspond to the grades defined in Arti-cle [7].

The use of other grades for stainless steel cladding is to beproposed to the Society for prior approval.

8.3 Manufacture

8.3.1 ApprovalClad steel plate manufacturing process is to be approved bythe Society and the conditions for approval are indicated inthe document NR480 “Approval of the manufacturing proc-ess of metallic materials”.

8.3.2 Surface condition and dimensional tolerancesThe Manufacturer is responsible for examination of the sur-face condition, as well as the compliance with the dimen-sions and the tolerances. However the Surveyor mayrequire to have the cladding surface presented for visualexamination.


8.4.1 The plates are to be supplied in the same heat treat-ment condition as stated during the approval.


8.5.1 Works’ certificates for backing and cladding steelsstating the chemical composition are to be supplied by theManufacturer.


8.6.1 The mechanical properties of the backing materialare to comply with the requirements given in Article [4].The check of the mechanical properties of the claddingmaterial is not required.


8.7.1 Batch compositionThe batch is to be composed of plates having the sameoverall thickness, cladding thickness and cast of backingsteel, and mass not exceeding 20 t.

8.7.2 Number of testsThe following tests are to be performed:• 1 tensile test on the full clad plate• 2 bend tests on the the full clad plate• 1 series of impact tests on the backing steel• 1 shear test on the cladding.

8.7.3 Tensile testDuring the tensile test of the full clad plate, the strength is tobe not less than the value given by the following formula:

where:Rb : Nominal minimum R eH or Rm of backing mate-

rialRc : Nominal minimum R eH or Rm of cladding mate-

rialtb : Nominal thickness of backing materialtc : Nominal thickness of cladding materialt : Nominal thickness of the full clad plate.

R Rb tb Rc tc⋅+⋅

t----------------------------------=






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


If the values resulting from the tensile test yield stress, ulti-mate tensile strength) are lower than those given by theabove formula, one additional test is to be performed afterremoval of the cladding material.During the tests the requirements for the backing material

are to be satisfied.The value of elongation specified for the backing materialapplies also to the full clad plate.

8.7.4 Bend testsThe bending conditions (mandrel diameter in general 3times the plate thickness) are those required for the backingsteel grade. One bend test is carried out with the claddingmetal on the tensioned side (outer side of bend) and anotherwith the cladding metal on the compressed side (inner sideof bend). In the latter test, separations of the cladding notexceeding 25% of the bent portion are admitted.

8.7.5 Shear testThe shear test is carried out in accordance with ASTM A264. The shear strength is to be at least 140 N/mm 2.

8.8 Corrosion testing

8.8.1 When required, an accelerated corrosion test is to becarried out to check the resistance of the cladding metalagainst intergranular corrosion. This corrosion test may becarried out according to a national or an internationalstandard, or to a particular specification, in agreement withthe Society. ASTM A 262 practice E may be used.

8.9 Ultrasonic testing8.9.1 Ultrasonic inspection of the adhesion of the claddingis generally to be performed on plates with an overall thick-ness (backing + cladding) equal to or greater than 10mm.For overall thickness less than 10mm, the ultrasonic inspec-tion procedure is to be defined in agreement with the Soci-ety.

8.9.2 The ultrasonic inspection is to be performed with thefollowing procedures:• peripheral inspection of a strip of 50mm in width on all

the plate edges• continuous inspection according to a grid with square

meshes, 200 mm long and parallel to the plate edges.

Random checks may be required by the Surveyor.

8.9.3 The reflection technique is used, with a normal probehaving a diameter ranging from 20 to 35 mm and a fre-quency from 3 to 5 Mhz.

8.9.4 Unless otherwise agreed with the Society, non-adhe-sion areas which do not exceed (50 mm x 50 mm) are toler-ated without repair, provided that they are at least 500 mmapart.

8.10 Surface defects and repairs

8.10.1 Surface defects may be accepted by the Surveyorwhen they are not detrimental to the proper use of the prod-uct and its corrosion resistance.

8.10.2 All the surface defects are to be ground so as torestore the surface continuity. Nevertheless, such repair bygrinding is admitted only if the remaining thickness of thecladding is at least equal to its guaranteed nominal thick-ness.

8.10.3 In cases where, after grinding, the cladding thick-ness is less than the guaranteed nominal thickness, therepair is carried out by welding. The filler metal is to be of the same grade as the cladding and the repair procedure isto be defined in agreement with the Surveyor and prelimi-narily approved.

8.10.4 If, after grinding of the defect, the remaining thick-ness of the cladding is less than half of the guaranteed nom-inal thickness, it is necessary to replace the cladding bytapering and to rebuild the whole of the cladding by weld-ing. Such repair is to be carried out in agreement with theSurveyor and preliminarily approved.

8.11 Adhesion defects in the cladding andrepairs

8.11.1 In the case of adhesion defects detected by an ultra-sonic inspection as defined in [8.9], the areas of non-adhe-sion of the cladding which exceed the limits specified in[8.9.4] are to be removed by cutting off or to be repaired.

9 Steels with specified throughthickness properties

9.1 Scope9.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to steel platesand wide flats having thickness not less than 15mm, whereimproved through thickness ductility in the direction of thickness is required.The extension to lower thicknesses and relevant conditionsare at the discretion of the Society.

9.2 Steel grades

9.2.1 The requirements of Article [9] are intended as a sup-plement to the requirements of Articles [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

and [7] which specify the quality of steels for hull struc-tures, boilers, pressure vessels, low temperature applica-tions and machinery.

9.2.2 The Z designation is to be given to any steel gradewhich has been tested according to the above mentionedspecifications, and has been successfully subjected to thetests defined in [9.6] and [9.7].

9.3 Manufacture

9.3.1 ApprovalAny Z grade steel must be submitted to the approval of the

Society.The conditions for approval are indicated in the documentNR480 “Approval of the manufacturing process of metallicmaterials”.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1



9.4.1 In addition to the requirements of the appropriatesteelgrade, the maximum sulphur content is to be 0,008%determined by the laddle analysis.


9.5.1 The ductility in the direction of thickness is evalu-ated, for the purpose of these requirements with the value of the reduction area measured on tensile test specimens takenin the through thickness direction of the product and pre-pared as specified in [9.7.3].


9.6.1 Plates and wide flats

Plates and wide flats are to be tested by rolled unit or bybatch in accordance with the conditions mentioned in Tab27.

Table 27 : Batch size dependent on productand sulphur content

9.7 Test preparation

9.7.1 The sample is to be taken close to the longitudinalcentreline of one end of the rolled piece to be tested asshown in Fig 6.

The sample must be large enough for the preparation of sixspecimens. Three specimens are to be prepared while therest of the sample remains for possible retest.

Figure 6 : Plate and wide flat sampling position

9.7.2 Cylindrical tensile test specimens are to be used hav-ing the following dimensions:

a) diameter:

• d = 6 mm for product thickness between 15 mm

and 25 mm• d = 10 mm for product thickness exceeding 25 mm

b) parallel length: not less than 2 d.

Other dimensions are to be according to ISO 6892-84 orother recognised standards.

Where the product thickness does not allow the preparationof specimens of sufficient length for the gripping jaws of thetesting machine, the ends of the specimens may be built upby suitable welding methods in such a way as to not impairthe portion of the specimen within the parallel length.

9.7.3 The preparation of samples is indicated in Fig 7 andFig 8.

Figure 7 : Normal test specimen

Figure 8 : Welded test specimen

9.8 Test results

9.8.1 The three tensile test specimens taken in the throughthickness direction are to be tested at ambient temperature.The minimum average value for the reduction of area mustbe that shown for the appropriate grade given in Tab 28.Only one individual value may be below the minimumaverage but not less than minimum individual value shownfor the appropriate grade. A value less than the minimumindividual is a cause for rejection.

Table 28 : Reduction of area acceptance values

Product S > 0,005% S ≤ 0,005%

Plates Each piece(parent plate)

Maximum 50 t of products of the samecast, thickness andheat treatment

Wide flats of nominal thick-ness ≤ 25 mm



Wide flats of nominal thick-ness > 25 mm



Principal rolling direction

Central line of product

Testsample

Testspecimens

Grade Z25 Z35

Minimum average 25% 35%

Minimum individual 15% 25%

Plate thickness

Parallel length > 2d

d

d

Plate thickness

Parallel length > t + 4mm

Weldedextension

Weldedextension






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 1


9.9 Re-test

9.9.1 Three additional test specimens taken from theremaining test sample can be prepared and tested in threecases shown in Fig 9. The average of all six tensile tests is tobe greater than the required minimum average with nomore than two results below the minimum average.In the case of failure after retest, either the batch repre-sented by the piece is rejected or each piece within thebatch is required to be tested.

9.10 Ultrasonic testing

9.10.1 Ultrasonic testing is required and is to be performedin accordance with either EN10160 Level S1/E1 or ASTMA578 Level C. Ultrasonic testing is to be carried out on eachpiece in the final supply condition and unless otherwiseagreed with a probe frequency of 4MHz.

9.11 Marking

9.11.1 in addition to the material grade designation, prod-ucts complying with these requirements are to be markedwith the letter Z followed by the indication of the reductionof area required, e.g.: EH 36-Z 25.

Figure 9 : Diagram showing acceptance / rejection and retest criteria

Individual result Average result

Acceptableresult

MinimumAverage

MinimumIndividual

Result where retest is permitted Acceptableretest






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


SECTION 2 S TEEL P IPES , TUBES AND FITTINGS

1 General

1.1 Application

1.1.1 General

The requirements of this Section apply to seamless andwelded steel pipes, tubes and fittings intended for boilers,pressure vessels and systems operating at ambient, high orlow temperature.

Provision is also made for pipes intended for structuralapplications, at ambient temperature.

Article [1] specifies the requirements common to all theabove-mentioned steel pipes, while the appropriate specificrequirements are indicated in Articles [2] to [7].

The general term pipes will be used in the following text tomean pipes and tubes.

1.1.2 Special requirements

Special requirements may be specified in cases of applica-tions intended for dangerous substances or particularlysevere service conditions.

In cases of applications involving the storage and transportof liquefied gases, the appropriate requirements of the Soci-ety’s Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships also apply.

1.2 Manufacture

1.2.1 Manufacturing process

The steel used is to be manufactured as detailed in Sec 1,[1.2.1].

Unless a specific method is agreed for individual supplies,or specific requirements are given in the relevant Articles,the pipes may be manufactured by one of the followingmethods:a) seamless, hot or cold finished

b) welded, by automatic processes

c) welded, as above hot and/or cold finished.

In the case of welded pipes, the following processes are tobe used depending on the grade of steel:

a) electrical resistance (ERW), induction (IW), submergedarc (SAW) welding for carbon and carbon manganesesteels

b) electric tungsten arc process (GTAW), plasma (PAW),

submerged (SAW) arc welding for austenitic or auste-nitic-ferritic steels.

The welding process is to be approved according to theapplicable requirements of Ch 5, Sec 4 of the Rules.

Unless specially approved by the Society, pipes in carbonand carbon-manganese steel for offshore structural applica-tions are to be seamless or longitudinally welded.

Nickel steel pipes are to be manufactured seamless.

Unless otherwise specified, the manufacturing process isleft to the discretion of the Manufacturer.

1.3 Approval

1.3.1 Welded pipes and fittings and, unless otherwise spec-ified by the Society, seamless pipes and fittings in lowalloyed or alloyed steels, intended for high temperature areto be manufactured by approved Manufacturers.

In other cases the Manufacturers are in any event to be rec-ognised by the Society.

The approval procedure is indicated in the documentNR480 “Approval of the manufacturing process of metallicmaterials“.


1.4.1 All pipes are to have a workmanlike finish consistentwith the method of manufacture and to be free from defectsand surface or internal imperfections which may impairtheir use in subsequent fabrication or service.

1.4.2 All pipes are to be reasonably straight and their endsare to be cut perpendicular to the axis without leaving chipsor burrs.


1.5.1 Each pipe is to be submitted by the Manufacturer to

visual examination and verification of dimensions.All pipes intended for severe conditions, such as superheater tubes, pressure cylinders, pressure systems withworking pressure higher than 4,0 N/mm 2, pipes conveyingliquefied gases and dangerous media, are to be presented tothe Surveyor for visual examination and verification of dimensions.

1.5.2 The dimensional tolerances on the thickness anddiameter are to be in accordance with recognised stand-ards.

In welded pipes, the weld reinforcement is to be well fairedand within allowable limits.

1.5.3 Welded pipes are to be submitted by the Manufac-turer to an appropriate, automatic non-destructive test of welded joints as specified at the approval.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


1.6 Rectification of surface defects

1.6.1 Rectification of surface defects by grinding

Small surface defects and imperfections may be removed bygrinding, provided that the pipe thickness after repair is

within the permissible tolerance and the ground zone iswell faired into the adjacent zone.

1.6.2 Rectification of surface defects by welding

Repairs by welding may be accepted at the Surveyor’s dis-cretion. The repair procedure is to be submitted for consid-eration.

The repaired areas are subsequently to be examined bymagnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods and/or byother appropriate non-destructive tests.


1.7.1 Pipes are to be supplied in the required heat treatedor equivalent condition.Where alternative supply conditions are accepted, thechoice of the supply condition, unless otherwise required,is left to the Manufacturer; the condition of supply is alwaysto be mentioned in the testing documentation.

1.7.2 Pipes which are to be expanded after supply are to beannealed at least at their ends.

1.8 Hydrostatic test

1.8.1 With the exception of pipes intended for structuralapplication, each pipe is to be subjected to hydrostatic testat the Manufacturer’s works.

The test pressure P, in N/mm 2, is given by the following for-mula but the maximum pressure may not be higher than14 N/mm 2 :

where :D : Nominal outside diameter of the pipe, in mmt : Nominal wall thickness of the pipe, in mm

f : Equal to:• 0,80 R eH for ferritic steels

• 0,70 R p0,2 for austenitic or austenitic-ferriticsteels.

The test pressure is to be maintained for a sufficient time toverify the tightness and at least for 5 seconds.

The test pressure is to be measured by means of a suitable,calibrated pressure gauge.

1.8.2 Unless otherwise agreed, the Manufacturer’s certifi-cate of the hydrostatic test is accepted.The hydrostatic test of pipes intended for boilers, superheaters or pressure systems with working pressure higherthan 4,0 N/mm 2, or conveying liquefied gases and danger-ous media, may be required to be witnessed by the Sur-veyor.

1.8.3 Subject to the prior approval of the procedure, a non-destructive test by ultrasonic or eddy current may beaccepted as an alternative to the hydrostatic test.

1.9 Sampling and testing

1.9.1 Batch composition

Pipes are to be presented for mechanical and technologicaltests in the final supply condition and, unless otherwiseindicated in the relevant Articles, in batches.

For pipes which are not heat treated, the batch is to consistof pipes of the same size, manufactured by the same proce-dure, from the same type of steel.

For pipes which are supplied in the heat treated condition,the batches are to consist of pipes of the same size, manu-factured from the same type of steel and subjected to the

same heat treatment in a continuous furnace or heat treatedin the same furnace charge.

For pipes welded by the electric submerged arc weldingprocess, the batch is also to consist of pipes welded withthe same welding materials.

For pipes intended for low temperature service, the batch isalso to consist of material originating from the same cast.

The size of the batch is to be in accordance with Tab 1.

Table 1 : Number of pipe as made lengths per batch

1.9.2 Sampling

The test samples are to be cut from a length selected at ran-dom from each batch, for the tests specified in the various

Articles.The specimens for all or part of the following tests, asdetailed in the various Articles, are to be obtained from theindividual samples.

a) mechanical tests

• tensile test, longitudinal direction

• tensile test transverse to the weld for pipes withD ≥ 300 mm

• 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests, longitudinal direc-tion.

For subsize specimens, reference is to be made toCh 1, Sec 2, [4.2.2]. For pipes having thickness lessthan 6 mm, reduced specimens having the maxi-mum thickness are to be used.

P 2t f D

-------=

Outside diameter range(mm) Maximum number of tubesper batch (1)

D ≤ 114,3 200

114,3 < D ≤ 323,9 100

323,9 < D 50

(1) Residual quantities of up to 10 lengths may be allo-cated to the other batches presented for testing.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


b) technological tests

• flattening test

For welded pipes, two tests are to be carried out; inone test the specimen is to be positioned with thewelded joint at 0°, in the other at 90°, to the direc-tion of the force.The distance between plates to be reached duringthe test is determined by the following formula:

where the value of C is indicated in the tables rele-vant to the mechanical properties of the variouspipes

• a bend test is to be performed in lieu of the flatten-ing test for pipes having D > 400 mm or thicknessgreater than 15% of DFor welded pipes, one test is carried out with theoutside surface of the pipe in tension and the otherwith the inside surface of the pipe in tension. Themandrel diameter is indicated in the various Articlesand the bend angle is to be equal to 180°

• flanging or drift expanding test for pipes havingD ≤ 150 mm or thickness ≤ 9 mm.


For the preparation of test specimens and for the testing pro-cedures, reference is to be made to the applicable require-ments of Ch 1, Sec 2.

1.9.4 Tensile and technological tests

The results of the test are to comply with the values speci-fied in the appropriate tables.

If during the tensile test there is no marked yield stress R eH,the 0,2% proof stress R p0,2 is taken as an alternative.

1.9.5 Impact test

The average value is to comply with the minimum averagevalue required; only one individual value may be less thanthe average value required, provided that it is not less than70% of it. The values required for the various products arerelevant to standard specimens 10x10 mm 2.

For subsize specimens reference is to be made to Ch 1, Sec2, [4.2.2].

For reduced specimens obtained from pipes having thick-ness less than 6 mm, the energy required is proportional tothe area of the specimen, referring to the specimen1 0 x 5 m m 2 and to the energy required for this specimen.






1.10.1 The Manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-tion which enables the material to be traced to its originalcast, as appropriate.

1.10.2 All pipes and tubes are to be identified and markedwith the following indications:a) Society’s brandb) Manufacturer’s name or trade markc) identification mark for the type of steeld) cast number or identification number and/or letters,

which will enable the history of the fabrication of thepiece or bundle to be traced.

Marking is to be applied by punching. In the case of smallwall thickness which may be damaged by punching, alter-native methods such as paint, electrical engraving or rubberstamps may be used.Marking on labels is accepted for small pipes,see Ch 1, Sec1, [4.1.2].


1.11.1 The testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1,[4.2.1] is to be issued and is to include all the requiredinformation, as appropriate.The ladle analysis is to include the content of refining andalloying elements as applicable.If rimming steel is supplied, this condition is to be stated onthe certificate.

1.11.2 When pipes are made from steel produced in a millother than that where the pipes are manufactured, the Sur-veyor is to be supplied with a steelmaker’s certificate statingthe manufacturing process, the grade of steel, the castnumber and the relevant ladle analysis.

2 Pipes for pressure systemsoperating at ambient temperature

2.1 Application

2.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to seamlessand welded carbon and carbon manganese steel pipes,intended for piping systems or pressure vessels operating atambient temperature or when impact properties at a tem-perature not lower than −20°C are specified.

2.2 Steel grades

2.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon and carbon man-ganese steels, which are classed into five groups indicatedby the minimum ultimate tensile strength R m , in N/mm 2:320, 360, 410, 460 and 510.Each group is further subdivided into grades HA, HB and

HD, based on quality level and impact properties, as appli-cable.The letters HA, HB and HD mean impact properties at+20°C, 0°C and −20°C, respectively.

Z 1 C+( ) t

C tD----+

--------------------=






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2





2.3.1 Seamless cold finished pipes are to be normalised,while hot finished pipes may be normalised or normalisedformed.Welded pipes are to be supplied in the condition specifiedat the approval.At the Manufacturer’s discretion, normalising and temper-ing may be carried out in lieu of normalising; see [1.7].


2.4.1 The method of deoxidation and chemical composi-tion on ladle analysis are to comply with the requirementsspecified in Tab 2.



2.6 Mechanical and technological tests

2.6.1 For pipes intended for pressure cylinders, the tests areto be carried out on each as made length.

Pipes intended for other applications are to be presented inbatches, as specified in Tab 1.

One pipe is to be selected from each batch for the requiredtests as follows:

Steelgrade

DeoxidationChemical composition (%) (1)

C max Mn Si max P max S max Al tot. min. (1)

320 HA semi-killed or killed (2) 0,16 0,40 - 0,70 0,35 0,040 0,040

360 HA360 HB

semi-killed or killed 0,17 0,40 - 1,00 0,35 0,040 0,040

410 HB killed 0,21 0,40 - 1,20 0,35 0,040 0,040

410 HD killed and fine grained 0,020

460 HB killed 0,22 0,80 - 1,40 0,35 0,040 0,040


510 HB killed 0,22 0,60 - 1,80 0,35 0,035 0,035


(1) Nb, V or Ti may be used for grain refining as a complete or partial substitute for Al. The grain refining elements are to be spec-ified at the time of approval; in general Nb and V are not to exceed 0,05 and 0,10%, respectively.

Additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval. Residual elements not intentionally added arenot to exceed the following limits (%): Ni ≤ 0,30 ; Cu ≤ 0,25 ; Cr ≤ 0,25 ; Mo ≤ 0,10. Total: Ni + Cu + Cr + Mo ≤ 0,70

(2) For welded pipes, rimmed steel may also be used, as specified at the approval.

Steel grade

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2)min. for thickness t (mm) Tensile

strength Rm (N/mm2)

Elong.A5 (%)min.

Average impactenergy (J) min. Technological tests

t ≤ 16 16 < t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 60 Test temp(°C) KVL

Flattening testconstant C for t/D

Bend testdiametermandrelt/D ≤ 0,15 t/D > 0,15

320HA 195 320 - 440 25 +20 27 0,09 0,08 4 t360HA 235 225 215 360 - 500 24 +20

360HB 0

410HB 255 245 235 410 - 550 22 0 0,07 0,06

410HD −20

460HB 285 275 265 460 - 580 21 0

460HD −20

510HB 355 345 (1) 510 - 630 19 0 34

510HD −20

(1) To be agreed between Manufacturer and purchaser.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


a) seamless pipes:• one tensile test, longitudinal direction• one flattening test or one bend test• 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests, longitudinal direc-

tion, for pipes having thickness ≥ 11 mm and, whenimpact properties are required at −20°C, for thick-ness ≥ 6 mm

b) welded pipes:• one tensile test on base metal, longitudinal direction• one tensile test transverse to the weld for pipes with

D ≥ 300 mm• two flattening tests or two bend tests• 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests, longitudinal direc-

tion, for pipes having thickness ≥ 11 mm and, whenimpact properties are required at −20°C, for thick-ness ≥ 6 mm.

3 Pipes for structural applications

3.1 Application

3.1.1 Steel pipes for structural application at ambient tem-perature are to comply with the requirements specified inArticle [2], with the exception of the hydrostatic test whichis not required.

3.2 Steel grades

3.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed with the Society, steel grades

are to correspond to the types specified in Article [2] withdesignation 410 HA-HB, 460 HB-HD and 510 HB-HD.Steels for offshore structural applications are to be killedand fine grain treated.

The symbol ST is to be added to the steel designation toclearly indicate that pipes are intended for structural appli-cation.


3.3.1 Pipes are to be tested as specified in [2.6] except

pipes for offshore structural applications which are to betested as specified in the following.One pipe is to be selected from each batch for the requiredtests as follows:

a) seamless pipes:• one tensile test, longitudinal direction• one flattening test or one bend test• Charpy V-notch impact tests on a set of specimens,

longitudinal direction


D ≥ 300 mm• face and root bend tests• Series of 3 Charpy V-notch tests on sets of 3 speci-

mens taken transverse to the weld and located withthe notch in the weld axis, the fusion line and 2mmaway from the fusion line in the HAZ

• Hardness tests on the weld macrosection. The Vick-ers method HV10 is normally used. Three rows of indentations are to be made; one row at 2 mmbelow outer surface, one row at 2 mm below innersurface and one row crossing the weld root asshown in Fig 1. The values are not to exceed themaximum value allowed for the qualification of welding procedure (see Ch 5, Sec 4, [2.2.6]).

Figure 1 : Hardness test HV10

Table 4 : NDE of pipes for offshore structural applications

2 m m

HAZ

2 m m

Type of tests

Wall thickness (mm)

t ≤ 10 mm 10 mm < t ≤ 20 mm 20 < t ≤ 49 mm t > 49 mm

UT of weld − 100% length 100% length 100% length

UT of tube (1) − grid (3) grid (3) 10% surface (2)

Radiographic inspection of weld ends ends ends ends

MPi of weld 10% length (2) 10% length (2) 100% length 100% length

MPi of tube (1) (4) grid (3) grid (3) grid (3) 10% surface

Repairs 100% MPi +radiographic inspection

100% MPi + UT 100% MPi + UT 100% MPi + UT

Note 1: UT = Ultrasonic testing; MPi = Magnetic particle inspection.(1) Except if plates were US tested at the steel mill.(2) When non-destructive tests are carried out only at random (10%), UT and MPi are to be performed in different locations.(3) Dimensions of the grid to be agreed with the Society.(4) Seamless tubes and hot formed welded tubes only.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


3.4 Non-destructive examination

3.4.1 Pipes are to be examined as specified in [1.5].

In addition, pipes for offshore structural applications are tobe examined as shown in Tab 4.

4 Pipes for high temperature service

4.1 Application

4.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to seamlessand welded pipes intended for boilers, superheaters andheat exchangers, or pressure parts operating at elevatedtemperatures.

4.2 Steel grades

4.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon, carbon-manga-nese steels and low alloy steels (Mo, Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V).

4.2.2 Carbon and carbon manganese steels are classed intofive groups which are indicated by the minimum ultimatetensile strength R m (N/mm2): 320, 360, 410, 460 and 510.

4.2.3 Low alloy steels are designated according to thechemical composition into the grades 0,3Mo - 0,5Mo0,5Cr,1Cr0,5Mo - 2,25Cr1Mo - 0,5Cr0,5Mo0,25V.

The figures mean the nominal percentage content of themain alloying elements.


4.3.1 The products are to be supplied in the conditionsindicated in Tab 6.


4.4.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 5.Steels are to be killed with the exception of grades 320 and

360 which may be semi-killed.


4.5.1 The mechanical properties and conditions of supplyare specified in Tab 6.

4.6 Mechanical properties at elevated tem-peratures

4.6.1 The values of the yield stress R eH or 0,2% proof stressRp0,2 at temperatures of 100°C and higher are given in Tab 7.

The values are for design purposes only. Their verification isin general not required during the testing, unless figureshigher than those shown in Tab 7 and in accordance withrecognised standards are proposed by the steel Manufac-turer.

In such cases, the verification is required and the proce-dures detailed in [4.6.2] and [4.6.3] are to be followed.

4.6.2 When the R p0,2 is required to be verified, at least onetensile test for each cast is to be carried out at the agreedtemperature.In cases of pipes of different thickness, the sample is to betaken from a pipe selected among those of greatest thick-ness.The dimensions of the specimens and the testing procedureare to be in accordance with the requirements of Ch 1, Sec2, [2.1.8] and Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.2.5] respectively.

The results of tests are to comply with the values specifiedin Tab 7.

Table 5 : Chemical composit ion

Steelgrade


C max Mn Si P max S max Cr Mo V Al tot

320 0,16 0,40-0,70 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,030360 0,17 0,40-1,00 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,030

410 0,21 0,40-1,20 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,030

460 0,22 0,80-1,40 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,030

510 0,22 0,60-1,80 ≤ 0,35 0,035 0,035

0,3Mo 0,12-0,20 0,40-0,80 0,10-0,35 0,035 0,035 0,25-0,35 ≤0,020

0,5Cr 0,5Mo 0,10-0,18 0,50-0,90 0,10-0,35 0,035 0,035 0,40-0,65 0,45-0,60 ≤0,020

1Cr 0,5Mo 0,10-0,18 0,40-0,70 0,10-0,35 0,035 0,035 0,70-1,10 0,45-0,65 ≤0,020

2,25Cr 1Mo 0,08-0,15 0,40-0,70 0,10-0,35 0,035 0,035 2,00-2,50 0,90-1,20 ≤0,020

0,5Cr 0,5Mo 0,25V 0,10-0,18 0,40-0,70 0,15-0,50 0,035 0,035 0,70-1,10 0,45-0,65 0,22-0,28 ≤0,020

(1) With the exception of refining elements, additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval.Residual elements are permitted provided they do not impair the properties, subsequent processing or behaviour in service.For C and C-Mn steels, the following limits (%) apply: Ni ≤ 0,30 ; Cu ≤ 0,25 ; C ≤ 0,25 ; Mo ≤ 0,10 ; Total: Ni+Cu+Cr+Mo ≤ 0,70. For Mo and Cr-Mo alloy steels, the limits are the following (%): Ni ≤ 0,30 ; Cu ≤ 0,25.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


Table 6 : Mechanical properties - Conditions of supply


4.6.3 As an alternative to the systematic verification of therequired R p0,2 as in [4.6.2], it may be agreed with the indi-vidual steelmakers to carry out an adequate program of testson the normal production of each steel, in accordance withan ad hoc procedure.

Subsequent to the satisfactory results of the approval tests,tensile tests at elevated temperatures are not generallyrequired during the routine testing of the material suppliedbut as a random check for the confirmation.

4.6.4 For design purposes only, the estimated values of thestress to rupture in 100000 hours are given in Tab 8 forgroups of steels.


4.7.1 For pipes intended for boiler headers, the tests are tobe carried out on each as made length.Other pipes are to be presented in batches and the numberis defined in Tab 1.Two pipes are to be selected from each batch for therequired tests, as follows:a) seamless pipes and tubes:

• one tensile test, longitudinal direction• one flattening test or one bend test on a mandrel of

diameter 4 t• one expanding or flanging test, when required

Steel gradeHeat

Treatment(1)

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2)min for t (mm)

Tensilestrength Rm

(N/mm2)

Elong. A5 (%)

min.

Technological tests

C (3)Di/D (4)

t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 60 ≤ 0,6 0,6 < Di/D ≤ 0,8 > 0,8

320 N or NR 195 320 - 440 25 0,09 12 15 19360 N or NR 225 215 360 - 500 25 0,09 12 15 19410 N or NR 245 235 410 - 550 22 0,06 10 12 17460 N or NR 270 260 460 - 580 21 0,06 8 10 15510 N or NR 345 (2) 510 - 640 21 0,06 8 10 150,3Mo N 270 260 450 - 600 22 0,07 8 10 150,5Cr 0,5Mo N+T 270 260 440 - 570 22 0,07 8 10 151Cr 0,5Mo N or N+T 290 280 440 - 590 22 0,07 8 10 15

2,25Cr 1Mo N+T 280 270 450 - 600 20 0,06 8 10 15A 205 205 410 - 560 22 0,06 8 10 15

0,5Cr 0,5Mo 0,25V N+T 300 290 460 - 610 20 0,06 8 10 15(1) N : normalising - NR : normalising forming - T: tempering - A : annealing.(2) To be agreed between Manufacturer and purchaser.(3) Constant C for flattening test.(4) Expanding or flanging test; increase of outside diameter D, in %, as a function of Di/D.

Steel gradeRp0,2 (N/mm2) at a temperature (°C) of (1)

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

320 HA 170 160 150 125 100 95 90 85360 HA 190 175 165 145 120 115 110 105

410 HA 210 200 190 170 150 140 130 125460 HA 235 220 215 195 180 165 160 155510 HA 250 240 230 215 195 180 175 1700,3Mo 240 235 225 205 175 160 155 150 1450,5Cr 0,5Mo (2)1Cr 0,5Mo 265 250 245 235 190 180 175 165 155 1502,25Cr 1Mo (3)2,25Cr 1Mo (4)

260110

250100

24590

23585

23080

21575

20570

19565

18065

16570

0,5Cr 0,5Mo 0,25V 260 250 235 215 190 185 175 165 155 145(1) The values for temperatures <200°C are given for information.(2) Values to be determined during preliminary approval .

(3) Normalised and tempered condition.(4) Annealed condition.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


b) welded pipes:• one tensile test on base metal, longitudinal direction• one tensile test transverse to the weld• two flattening or two bend tests transverse to the

weld for pipes with D ≥ 300 mm on a mandrel of diameter 4 t

• one expanding or flanging test, when required.When required in [4.6.1], a tensile test at elevated tempera-ture is to be performed on one sample per cast.

5 Ferritic steel pipes for pressureservice at low temperature

5.1 Application

5.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to seamless

and welded steel pipes intended for construction of piping

systems, pressure vessels and plants, when impact proper-ties at temperatures lower than −20°C are specified.

Provision is made for pipes with wall thickness up to40 mm.

5.2 Steel grades

5.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon and carbon-man-ganese steels and nickel alloy steels.

5.2.2 The carbon and carbon-manganese steels are classedinto four groups which are indicated by the minimum ulti-mate tensile strength R m (N/mm2): 360, 410, 460 and 510.

Each group is further subdivided into two grades LE andLF,based on the quality level and impact properties.

The letters LE and LF mean impact properties at −40°C and

−60°C, respectively.

Table 8 : Average values for stress to rupture in 100000 hours (N/mm 2)

Temperature(°C)

Carbon and carbonmanganese steels

Alloy steels

360 / 410 460 / 510 0,3Mo 1Cr 0,5Mo2,25Cr 1Mo

0,5Cr 0,5Mo 0,25VN + T (1) (3) A (2)

380 170 225

390 155 200

400 140 175

410 125 155

420 110 135

430 100 115

440 90 100

450 75 85 240 280 220 195

460 65 70 205 250 205 180

470 55 60 175 220 185 165

480 45 55 140 200 170 155 215

490 35 45 115 170 150 140 190

500 40 95 140 135 125 170510 75 120 120 115 150

520 60 97 105 100 130

530 45 80 90 90 115

540 35 65 76 76 100

550 30 54 68 68 85

560 43 58 58 70

570 35 50 50 55

580 44 44 45

Note 1: The values shown are estimated average values; the lower limit of the range is approximately 20% less than the average

value.(1) N + T = normalising + tempering.(2) A = annealing.(3) When the tempering temperature exceeds 750°C, the values relevant to the annealing heat treatment are to be used.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


5.2.3 The Ni alloy steels are designated according to thechemical composition into the grades 3,5Ni, 9,0Ni.The figures mean the Ni nominal percentage content.


5.3.1 The pipes are to be supplied in the conditions indi-cated in Tab 10.


5.4.1 The steel is to be killed and fine grained and thechemical composition on ladle analysis is to comply withthe requirements specified in Tab 9.


5.5.1 The mechanical properties and conditions of supplyare specified in Tab 10.


5.6.1 The pipes are to be presented in batches and thenumber of pipes per batch is defined in Tab 1.Two pipes are to be selected from each batch for therequired tests, as follows:a) seamless pipes and tubes:

• one tensile test, longitudinal direction• one flattening test or one bend test• 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests, longitudinal direc-

tion, for thickness ≥ 3 mmb) welded pipes:

• one tensile test on base metal, longitudinal direction• one tensile test transverse to the weld• two flattening tests or two bend tests transverse to

the weld for pipes with D ≥ 300 mm• 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests, longitudinal direc-

tion, for thickness ≥ 3 mm.


Table 10 : Mechanical properties and condition of supply

Steel gradeChemical composition (%) (1)

C max Mn Si P max S max Ni Al tot Others (3)

360 LE-LF 0,17 0,40 - 1,00 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,025 ≤ 0,30 (2) ≥ 0,020 Cr ≤ 0,25Cu ≤ 0,30Mo ≤ 0,10

410 LE-LF 0,18 0,60 - 1,30 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,025 ≤ 0,30 (2) ≥ 0,020

460 LE-LF 0,18 0,60 - 1,30 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,025 ≤ 0,30 (2) ≥ 0,020

510 LE-LF 0,20 1,00 - 1,60 ≤ 0,35 0,030 0,025 ≤ 0,30 (2) ≥ 0,020

3,5 Ni 0,15 0,30 - 0,90 0,15 - 0,35 0,025 0,020 3,25 - 3,75 −

9,0 Ni 0,12 0,30 - 0,90 0,15 - 0,35 0,025 0,020 8,50 - 9,50 −

(1) With the exception of refining elements, additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval; resid-ual elements are permitted provided they do not impair the properties, subsequent processing or behaviour in service.

(2) Higher Ni content up to 0,80 % may be agreed for LF grades.(3) When the pipes are subjected to hot forming: Cu < 0,25.

Steelgrade

Heattreatment

(1)

Yield stress ReH

(N/mm2) min.for t (mm)

Tensilestrength

Rm

(N/mm2)

Elong.A5 (%)min.

Average impactenergy (J) min. Technological tests

Testtemp(°C)

KVLFlattening test

constant C for t/DBend testdiametermandrel≤ 25 25 < t ≤ 40 t/D ≤ 0,15 t/D > 0 ,15

360 LE N 225 215 360-500 22 −40 27 0,09 0,08 4 t360 LF −60

410 LE N 255 245 410-550 20 −40 27 0,07 0,06410 LF −60

460 LE N 275 265 460-580 20 −40 27460 LF −60

510 LE N 345 335 510-630 19 −40 34510 LF −60

3,5 Ni N or N+Tor Q+T

255 245 450-640 19 −100 34

9,0 Ni N+N+T 470 460 640-840 16 −196 419,0 Ni Q+T 570 560 690-840

(1) N: Normalising; N+T: Normalising and tempering; N+N+T: Double normalising and tempering;Q+T: Quenching and tempering.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2


6 Austenitic and austenitic-ferriticstainless steel pipes

6.1 Application

6.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to seamlessand welded austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steelpipes intended for use in the construction of piping systemsfor chemicals, liquefied gases and bulk chemical tankers.

6.1.2 Austenitic stainless steels are suitable for use at bothelevated and low temperatures.

When austenitic stainless steels are proposed for use at ele-vated temperatures, details of chemical composition, heattreatment and mechanical properties are to be submitted forconsideration and approval.

Ferritic-austenitic (duplex) steels are suitable for use forservice temperatures between −20°C and +275°C.

6.2 Steel grades

6.2.1 The requirements apply to Cr-Ni stainless steels.

Steels are designated according to AISI grades; the corre-sponding ISO grades are also indicated in Tab 11.


6.3.1 The pipes are to be supplied in the solution treatedcondition.


6.4.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 11.





ISO gradedesignation



Cmax

Mnmax

Simax P max S max Cr Ni Mo Others

X2CrNi1810 304L 0,03 2,00 1,00 0,045 0,035 17,0-19,0 9,0-13,0 −

X5 CrNi1810 304 0,07 2,00 1,00 0,045 0,035 17,0-19,0 9,0-13,0 −

X2CrNiMo1713 316L 0,03 2,00 1,00 0,045 0,035 16,0-18,5 11,0-14,0 2,0-2,5

X5CrNiMo1713 316 0,07 2,00 1,00 0,045 0,035 16,0-18,5 11,0-14,0 2,0-2,5

X6CrNiTi1810 321 0,08 2,00 1,00 0,045 0,035 17,0-19,0 9,0-13,0 − 5xC≤Ti≤0,80

X6CrNiNb1810 347 0,08 2,00 1,00 0,045 0,035 17,0-19,0 9,0-13,0 − 10xC≤Nb ≤1,0

X2CrNiMoN2253 UNS31803 0,03 2,00 1,00 0,030 0,020 21,0-23,0 4,50-6,50 2,5-3,5 0,08 ≤N≤0,20

(1) With the exception of refining elements, additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval.Residual elements are permitted provided they do not impair the properties, subsequent processing or behaviour in service of the material.

Steelgrade

Yield strength(N/mm2) min. (1) Tensilestrength Rm

(N/mm2)

Elong.A5 (%)min

Average impactenergy KVL (J) atTechnological tests

C (2)Di/D (3)

Rp0,2 Rp1 −196°C −20°C ≤ 0,6 0,6<Di/D ≤0,8 > 0,8

304L 175 205 490 - 690 30 41 9 15 17

304 195 235 490 - 690 30 41

316L 185 215 490 - 690 30 41

316 205 245 490 - 690 30 41 0,09

321 195 235 510 - 710 30 41

347 205 245 510 - 710 41

UNS 31803 450 620 25 27

(1) Conventional proof stress; the 0,2% proof stress values are given for information and, unless otherwise agreed, are not requiredto be verified during the test.

(2) Constant C for flattening test.(3) Expanding or flanging test; increase of outside diameter D, in %, as a function of Di/D.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 2



6.6.1 Unless they are required to be tested on each length,pipes are to be presented in batches, as specified in Tab 1.Two pipes are to be selected from each batch for the

required tests, as follows:a) seamless pipes:

• one tensile test, longitudinal direction• one flattening test or one bend test with mandrel

diameter of 3 t• 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests, longitudinal direc-

tion• one expansion or flanging test, when required


D ≥ 300 mm• two flattening or two bend tests transverse to the

weld with mandrel diameter of 3 t• 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests, longitudinal direc-

tion, when required• one expansion or flanging test when required.

When required, one tensile test at elevated temperature is tobe performed on one sample per cast.

Unless otherwise specified for individual cases, the impacttest of austenitic stainless steel is required only for servicetemperature less than −105°C.

6.7 Corrosion tests

6.7.1 For materials used for piping systems for chemicals,the corrosion tests, ASTM A262 Practice E or ASTM A262Practice C (Nitric acid test), as appropriate, may be requiredto be carried out on two pipes per batch.Tests in accordance with other recognised standards areaccepted, subject to the agreement of the Society.

7 Fittings

7.1 Application

7.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to seamlessand welded carbon, carbon manganese, low alloy and alloysteel fittings, fabricated from pipes or plates and intendedfor piping systems or pressure plants.


7.2.1 Fittings fabricated from pipes are to meet the require-ments of Articles [1] to [6], depending on the applications,with respect to manufacture, chemical composition andmechanical properties. Fittings may be hot or cold formedfrom sections of pipes.

Fittings fabricated from plates are to meet the requirementsof the Articles from Sec 1, [1] to Sec 1, [7], depending onthe applications, with respect to manufacture, chemicalcomposition and mechanical properties.

Fittings may be made from sections of plates formed in oneor more shells and welded together. The relevant weldingprocess is to be approved.

7.2.2 Unless otherwise required, the material used for thefabrication of the fittings is to be covered by a works’ certif-icate (W).


7.3.1 All fittings are to be in the heat treated or hot workingcondition specified in the various Articles for the corre-sponding material.Fittings in ferritic steel manufactured by hot forming may bedelivered in the normalised forming condition in lieu of normalising, provided that evidence is given of the equiva-lence of such condition; see [1.7.1].Fittings manufactured by cold forming are in general to besubmitted to heat treatment after forming.A proposal to deliver fittings in the cold formed conditionmay be considered by the Society; to this end, the Manufac-turer is to submit detailed information relevant to formingprocedure, mechanical properties after forming and desti-nation of the products.The heat treatment procedure of welded fittings is to bedefined during the approval tests.


7.4.1 The mechanical properties of the finished fittings areto comply with the values specified for the starting materials

(plate or pipe).


7.5.1 The fittings are to be presented for testing in batcheshomogeneous for cast and in the number indicated in Tab1.A Brinell hardness test HB is to be performed on 10% of thefittings, with a minimum of 3 units, to verify the homogene-ity of the batch. The difference in the hardness value maynot be greater than 30 units.Two fittings per batch are to be selected for the mechanicaland technological tests specified in Articles [2] to [6]depending on the application.The tensile tests are to be performed on the hardest and soft-est fittings.


7.6.1 Unless otherwise specified during the approval pro-cedure or in the order, checks with radiographic examina-tion are in general to be performed on welded fittings withoutside diameter higher than 75 mm, at the Surveyor’s dis-cretion.

7.7 Marking and certification

7.7.1 The requirements specified in Article [1] relevant tomarking in [1.10] and certification in [1.11] are to be com-plied with, as appropriate.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


SECTION 3 S TEEL FORGINGS

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to steel forg-ings intended for hull, structural applications, offshore con-struction, machinery, boilers, pressure vessels and pipingsystems.

These requirements may also be applied to the testing of semi-finished products, to be further processed by forging,

and to rolled products, when these are acceptable in lieu of forged material. See Sec 1, [6].

This Article specifies the requirements common to all theabove-mentioned steel products, while the appropriate spe-cific requirements are indicated in Articles [2] to [9].

1.1.2 Mass productions

For mass produced small forgings, the Manufacturer mayadopt modified procedures for testing and inspection sub-

ject to the approval of the Society.


Special requirements may be specified in the case of appli-cations intended for dangerous substances or for particu-larly severe service conditions.

In the case of applications involving the storage and trans-port of liquefied gases or fluids at low temperature in gen-eral, the appropriate requirements of the Society’s Rules forthe Classification of Steel Ships also apply.

1.2 Classification of forgings

1.2.1 For the purposes of this Section, forgings are dividedinto two Classes depending on their service:

a) class 1: forgings intended for applications such as pro-peller and shaft line, highly stressed components of pro-pulsion machinery and essential auxiliary machinery(turbine rotors, crankshafts, shafts, hubs, connectingrods, piston rods, cross heads, pinions and gear wheels),rudder stocks and tillers, anchors, cargo gear items sub-

jected to severe stresses, components of pressure vesselsand piping systems of class 1 as defined in relevantSociety’s Rules, etc.; forgings subject to the require-ments in [1.1.3].

b) class 2: forgings subject to testing not included in class1.

1.3 Manufacture


The steel is to be manufactured as detailed in Sec 1, [1.2].

Adequate top and bottom discards of the ingots are to bemade to ensure freedom from piping and harmful segrega-tions in the finished forgings.

Hot forging, to be carried out within the temperature rangespecified, is to be gradual and uniform and extended, as faras possible, to the final dimensions of the piece.

The plastic deformation is to be such as to ensure sound-ness, uniformity of structure and satisfactory mechanicalproperties after heat treatment.

At an appropriate stage of manufacture, after completion of all hot working operations, forgings are to be suitably heattreated to refine the grain structure and to obtain therequired mechanical properties.

1.3.2 Reduction ratio

The reduction ratio is to be calculated with reference to theaverage cross-sectional area of the cast material. Where thecast material is initially upset, this reference area may betaken as the average cross-sectional area after this opera-tion. Unless otherwise approved the total reduction ratio isto be at least:

• for forgings made from ingots or from forged blooms orbillets, 3:1 where L > D and 1.5:1 where L ≤ D

• for forgings made from rolled products, 4:1 where L > Dand 2:1 where L ≤ D

• for forgings made by upsetting, the length after upsettingis to be not more than one-third of the length beforeupsetting or, in the case of an initial forging reduction of at least 1.5:1, not more than one-half of the lengthbefore upsetting

• for rolled bars, 6:1

L and D are the length and diameter respectively of the partof the forging under consideration.

1.3.3 Flame and arc-air shaping

The shaping of forgings or rolled slabs and billets by flamecutting, scarfing or arc-air gouging is to be undertaken inaccordance with recognised good practice and, unless oth-erwise approved, is to be carried out before the final heattreatment. Preheating is to be employed when necessitatedby the composition and/or thickness of the steel. For certaincomponents, subsequent machining of all flame cut sur-faces may be required.

1.3.4 Welding of forgings

When two or more forgings are joined by welding to form acomposite component, the proposed welding procedurespecification is to be submitted for approval. Welding pro-cedure qualification tests may be required.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


1.4 Approval

1.4.1 Unless otherwise agreed, the manufacturing processof class 1 forgings is to be approved by the Society.

When the approval is not required, the Manufacturer is, inany event, to be recognised on a case-by-case basis.

Provisions on the matter are given in the document NR480“Approval of the manufacturing process of metallic materi-als”.


1.5.1 All forgings are to be free from surface or internaldefects which would be detrimental to their proper applica-tion in service.


1.6.1 All forgings are to be made from killed steel and thechemical composition is to be appropriate for the type of steel, dimensions and required mechanical properties of theforgings being manufactured.

The chemical composition of each heat is to be determinedby the Manufacturer on a sample taken preferably duringthe pouring of the heat. When multiple heats are tappedinto a common ladle, the ladle analysis shall apply.

The chemical composition is to comply with the overall

limits given in the relevant Articles of this Section or, whereapplicable, the requirements of the approved specification.

At the option of the Manufacturer, suitable grain refiningelements such as aluminium, niobium or vanadium may beadded. The content of such elements is to be reported.

Elements designated as residual elements in the individualspecifications are not to be intentionally added to the steel.The content of such elements is to be reported.

1.6.2 Carbon equivalent (Ceq) values, when used in thissection, are calculated using the following formula:

1.7 Heat treatment (including surface hard-ening and straightening)

1.7.1 The forgings are to be supplied in the heat treatedcondition.

Heat treatment is to be carried out in suitable furnaces asdetailed in Ch 1, Sec 1, [2.3.1].

If, for any reason, a forging is subsequently heated for fur-

ther hot working, the forging is to be reheat treated.

1.7.2 The acceptable heat treatment conditions are indi-cated in the Articles relevant to the various forged products.

When more than one heat treatment condition is specified,the choice of the supply condition, unless otherwiserequired, is left to the Manufacturer; the condition of supplyis always to be mentioned in the testing documentation.

1.7.3 When the heat treatment is quenching and temperingand the piece cannot be forged near the final dimensionsand shape, it is to be worked by rough machining or flamecutting prior to being quenched and tempered.

1.7.4 If a forging is locally reheated or any straighteningoperation is performed after the final heat treatment consid-eration is to be given to a subsequent stress relieving heattreatment.

1.7.5 Where it is intended to surface harden forgings, fulldetails of the proposed procedure and specification are tobe submitted for the approval of the Society. For the pur-poses of this approval, the Manufacturer may be required todemonstrate by test that the proposed procedure gives auniform surface layer of the required hardness and depthand that it does not impair the soundness and properties of the steel.

1.7.6 Where induction hardening or nitriding is to be car-ried out, forgings are to be heat treated at an appropriatestage to a condition suitable for this subsequent surfacehardening.

1.7.7 Where carburizing is to be carried out, forgings are tobe heat treated at an appropriate stage (generally either byfull annealing or by normalizing and tempering) to a condi-

tion suitable for subsequent machining and carburizing.

1.7.8 The forge is to maintain records of heat treatmentidentifying the furnace used, furnace charge, date, tempera-ture and time at temperature. The records are to be pre-sented to the surveyor and copies provided on request.


1.8.1 General

The requirements relevant to the type and number of tests tobe carried out are given in the Articles relevant to the vari-ous products.

Test material, sufficient for the required tests and for possi-ble retest purposes, is to be provided with a cross-sectionalarea of not less than that part of the forging which it repre-sents.

Except for components which are to be carburized or forhollow forgings where the ends are to be subsequentlyclosed, test material is not to be cut from a forging until allheat treatment has been completed.

For forgings to be carburised after machining, sufficient testmaterial is to be provided both for preliminary tests afterforging and for final tests after completion of carburising

[5.7.1].For forgings to be hot worked and/or heat treated by thepurchaser, the samples to be tested at the Manufacturer’sworks are to be forged and heat treated accordingly.

CEQ C Mn6--------- Cr Mo V+ +

5-------------------------------- Ni Cu+

15-------------------- - %+ + +=






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3



In the case of individual testing, the test material is to beintegral with each forging and is to be taken from a suitableextension as specified in the various Articles and in accord-ance with Fig 4 to Fig 10.

Where one forging is subsequently divided into a number of components, all of which are heat treated together in thesame furnace charge, for test purposes this may be regardedas one forging and the number of tests required is to berelated to the total length and mass of the original multipleforging.

1.8.3 Batch testing

A batch testing procedure may be adopted in the followingcases:

a) Class 1 forgings in normalized condition with mass upto 1000 kg each of similar shape and dimensions, madefrom the same heat, heat treated in the same furnacecharge and with a total mass of the batch not exceeding6 tonnes;

b) Class 1 forgings in quenched and tempered conditionwith mass up to 500 kg each of similar shape anddimensions, made from the same heat, heat treated inthe same furnace charge and with a total mass of thebatch not exceeding 3 tonnes;

c) class 2 forgings of the same type of steel, of similarshape and dimensions, with mass up to 1000 kg eachand subjected to the same heat treatment; the total massof the batch is not to exceed 4 t.

The test material may be cut from one or more forgings of the batch [1.8.5] or, alternatively, separately forged testmaterial may be used. When separately forged, the testmaterial is to have a reduction ratio similar to that used forthe forgings represented. They are to be properly identifiedand heat treated together with the forgings of the batch.

When samples are integral with the forging, the require-ments of [1.8.2] apply.

1.8.4 Batch testing for rolled products

When the use of rolled bars as a substitute for forging mate-rial is permitted, a batch testing procedure may be adoptedand the batch composition is to be as follows:

a) class 1: bars made from the same rolled ingot or bloomprovided that where this is cut into individual lengths,these are all heat treated in the same furnace charge or:

b) class 1: bars of the same diameter made from the sameheat, heat treated in the same furnace charge and with atotal mass of the batch not exceeding 2,5 t

c) class 2: materials of the same type of steel, of similarsize and subjected to the same heat treatment; the totalmass of the batch is not to exceed 4 t.

The test samples are taken from one or more pieces of thebatch [1.8.5]

1.8.5 Sampling

In the case of individual testing [1.8.2], the number andposition of samples necessary for the required tests aregiven in the Articles relevant to the various products.

In the case of batch testing [1.8.3], one sample at least is tobe taken from the forging representative of the batch; wherethe number of pieces in the batch exceeds 20, two samplesare to be taken.

A set of test specimens is to consist of:

a) one tensile test specimen

b) three Charpy V-notch impact tests specimens whenrequired in the Articles relevant to the various products.


Test specimens are normally to be cut from the sampleswith their axes either mainly parallel (longitudinal tests) ormainly tangential (tangential test) to the principal axialdirection of each product, as required in the Articles rele-vant to the various products.

Unless otherwise agreed, the longitudinal axis of the testspecimens is to be positioned as follows:

a) for thickness or diameter up to maximum 50mm, theaxis is to be at the mid-thickness or the center of thecross section.

b) for thickness or diameter greater than 50mm, the axis isto be at one quarter thickness (mid-radius) or 80mm,whichever is less, below any heat treated surface.

For the preparation of test specimens, reference is made tothe applicable requirements of Ch 1, Sec 2.

1.8.7 Tensile test

Reference is made to the applicable requirements of Ch 1,Sec 2.

The results of the tensile test at ambient temperature are tocomply with the requirements in the appropriate Tables, orin the approved specification when steels other than thosespecified in these Rules are accepted.

Reference is made to [7.6] for the properties at elevatedtemperatures and their verification, when required.

1.8.8 Impact test

Reference is made to the applicable requirements of Ch 1,Sec 2.

The average value of a set of 3 tests is to comply with theaverage value required in the appropriate Tables, or in theapproved specification when steels other than those speci-fied in these Rules are accepted.

Only one individual value may be lower than the averagevalue required, provided that it is not less than 70% of it.

The minimum average values for impact tests indicated inthe Tables are relevant to standard specimens 10x10mm 2.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


1.8.9 Hardness tests

At the discretion of the Society, hardness tests may berequired on the following:

a) quenched and tempered gear forgings after completionof heat treatment and prior to machining the gear teeth

[5.6.2];b) surface-hardened gear forgings after the teeth have been

ground to the finished profile [5.7.2]

c) surface-hardened forgings in general

d) batch tested forgings:• class 1 forgings: at least one hardness test on each

forging• class 2 forgings: random checks only.

The results of hardness tests in the cases a) and d) are to bereported.

The results of hardness tests in the cases b) and c) are tocomply with the approved specification.


Samples for possible re-tests are to be taken as near as prac-ticable to the specimens used for the original tests but alter-natively may also be taken from another test position orsample representative of the forging or batch of forgings.




1.9 Pressure test

1.9.1 Forgings subjected to internal pressure are to be subjected to a hydraulic pressure test in compliance with theconditions laid down in the applicable parts of the Rules.The test pressure is to be measured by means of a suitablecalibrated pressure gauge.

The test is to be performed on the forging in the finishedcondition and before the application of any coating whichmay conceal the effect of the test.

Unless otherwise agreed, the test of class 1 forgings is to becarried out in the presence of the Surveyor.

A report confirming the satisfactory results of the pressuretests and indicating the relevant testing conditions is to beissued by the Manufacturer.

1.10 Visual and dimensional examination

1.10.1 Visual examination

All products are to be submitted by the Manufacturer to vis-ual examination; where applicable this is to include theexamination of internal surfaces and bores.

All class 1 forgings are also to be presented to the Surveyorfor visual examination.

Unless otherwise stated, the visual examination of class 2forgings by the Surveyor is not required.

1.10.2 Verification of dimensions

The verification of dimensions and tolerances is the respon-sibility of the Manufacturer.

Checks of dimensions for verification of compliance with

the approved drawings are in general required for importantforgings, to the Surveyor’s satisfaction.


1.11.1 General

When required by the relevant construction Rules, by theSociety on the approved plans, by the approved procedurefor welded composite components or, in particular cases,by the Surveyor, appropriate non-destructive testing is alsoto be carried out.

The extent of testing and acceptance criteria are to beagreed with the Society.

The Manufacturer is to provide the Surveyor with a reportconfirming that the required examinations have been car-ried out without revealing significant defects; details of theprocedure are also to be indicated in the report.

1.11.2 Magnetic and liquid penetrant examination

Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant testing is to be carriedout when the forgings are in the finished condition.

Where current flow methods are used for magnetisation,particular care is to be taken to avoid damaging machinedsurfaces by contact burns from the prods.

Unless otherwise agreed, these tests are to be carried out inthe presence of the Surveyor.

1.11.3 Ultrasonic examination

Ultrasonic examination is to be carried out following thefinal heat treatment and at a stage when the forgings havebeen machined to a condition suitable for this type of examination.

Both radial and axial scanning are to be carried out, whenappropriate for the shape and dimensions of the forging

being examined.This examination is to be carried out by the Manufacturer,although Surveyors may request to be present.

1.12 Rectification of defects

1.12.1 Rectification of defects by grinding

Defects may be removed by grinding or chipping and grind-ing provided the component dimensions are acceptable.

The resulting grooves are to have a bottom radius of approx-imately three times the groove depth and are to be blendedinto the surrounding surface so as to avoid any sharp con-tours. Complete elimination of the defective material is tobe verified by magnetic particle testing or liquid penetranttesting.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


1.12.2 Rectification of defects by welding

Repair welding of forgings except crankshaft forgings maybe permitted subject to prior approval of the Society.

In such cases, full details of the extent and location of therepair, the proposed welding procedure, heat treatment, if any, and subsequent inspection procedures, are to be sub-mitted for the approval.

Records of repairs and subsequent inspections traceable toeach forging repaired are to be prepared by the forgingManufacturer. The records are to be presented to the Sur-veyor on request.


1.13.1 The Manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-tion which will enable all finished forgings to be traced tothe original cast and their manufacturing.

All forgings which have been tested with satisfactory resultsare to be marked with the following details:


b) Society’s brand

c) identification mark for the grade of steel

d) cast number or other marking which will enable the his-tory of the fabrication of the forging to be traced

e) additional, optional marks such as file number and codeof local inspection office, Surveyor’s personal brand

f) test pressure, where applicable.

Modified arrangements for identification and marking of small forgings manufactured in large numbers may beagreed with the Society.


1.14.1 The testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1,[4.2.1] is to be issued and is to include all the information,as appropriate.

Where applicable, the reports relevant to the non-destructiveexamination [1.11.1] , weld repair [1.12.2] and pressure test[1.9.1] are to be enclosed with the testing documentation.

1.14.2 When the steel is cast in a mill other than thatwhere the forgings are manufactured, the Surveyor is to besupplied with a steelmaker’s certificate stating the manufac-turing process, the grade of steel, the cast number and therelevant ladle analysis.

2 Forgings for hull, offshore structuresand welded components in general

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to steel forg-ings intended for ship hull structures, such as sternframes,rudder horns, offshore structures and welded componentsin general, where design and acceptance tests are related tomechanical properties at ambient temperature.

2.1.2 Forgings intended for ship hull, offshore structuresand components belong to class 1; unless otherwise speci-fied, on a case-by-case basis, other forgings belong to class2.

2.2 Steel grades

2.2.1 The grades are identified by the symbol FC (forgingsin carbon and carbon-manganese steels) or FA (forgings inalloy steels), followed by a number giving the minimumspecified ultimate tensile strength R m, in N/mm 2.

2.2.2 Where it is proposed to use alloy steels, the specifica-tion of the steel grade (chemical composition, heat treat-ment and mechanical properties) is to be submitted forapproval.


2.3.1 The forgings are to be supplied in one of the follow-ing conditions, as appropriate:

Carbon and carbon-manganese steels:

• fully annealed

• normalized

• normalized and tempered

• quenched and tempered

Alloy steels:

• quenched and tempered

Alternatively, alloy steel forgings may be supplied in thenormalized and tempered condition, in which case thespecified mechanical properties are to be agreed with theSociety.

For all types of steel the tempering temperature is to be notless than 550°C.


2.4.1 Reference is made to [1.6]. The chemical composi-

tion on ladle analysis is to comply with the limits given inTab 1 or, where applicable, the requirements of theapproved specification.

2.4.2 Maximum carbon equivalent (Ceq) value specifiedfor forgings for offshore structures and components is to beagreed with the Society.


2.5.1 Tab 2 gives the minimum requirements for yieldstress, elongation, reduction of area and impact test energyvalues corresponding to different strength levels. Where it isproposed to use a steel with a specified minimum tensilestrength intermediate to those given, corresponding mini-mum values for the other tensile properties may be obtainedby interpolation.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


Table 1 : Chemical composition limits

Table 2 : Mechanical properties for hull steel forgings

2.5.2 Forgings intended for the poop structure of ships withice class notation are to be Charpy V-notch impact tested at

0°C with 27 J minimum average energy in longitudinaldirection.

2.5.3 For forgings operating at 0°C or lower temperature,which are not dealt with in this Article, the applicablerequirements are to be agreed with the Society dependingon the design temperature, application and dimensions; seealso Article [8].

2.5.4 Charpy V-notch impact tests requirements applicableto forgings for offshore structures and components are to beagreed with the Society in accordance with the Society’sOffshore Rules.


2.6.1 In the case of individual testing as in [1.8.2], at leastone test sample is to be taken for the required tests.

Where a forging exceeds both 4 tons in mass and 3 m inlength, one test sample is to be taken from each end. These

limits refer to the as forged mass and length but excludingthe test material.

2.6.2 In the case of batch testing, the number of test sam-ples is given in [1.8.3].

2.6.3 The test specimens for 1 tensile and 3 Charpy V-notchimpact tests are to be taken from each test sample.

Unless otherwise agreed the tests specimens are to be cut ina longitudinal direction as per [1.8.6].


2.7.1 Magnetic particle and ultrasonic examination are tobe carried out on class 1 forgings and as mentioned in[1.11].

Steel type C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Cu (2) Totalresiduals

C, C-Mn 0,23 (1) 0,45 0,30-1,50 0,035 0,035 0,30 (2) 0,15 (2) 0,40 (2) 0,30 0,85

Alloy (3) 0,45 (3) 0,035 0,035 (3) (3) (3) 0,30 −Note 1: Composition given in percentage mass by mass maximum unless shown as a range.(1) The carbon content may be increased above this level provided that the carbon equivalent (Ceq), in %, is not more than 0,41%

calculated using the following formula, except for forgings intended for offshore structures where maximum Ceq values are tobe agreed with the Society:

(2) Elements are considered as residual elements.(3) Specification is to be submitted for approval.

Steel typeTensile strength

Rm min. (N/mm 2)(1)

Yield stressReH min. (N/mm 2)

Elongation A5 min. (%) Reduction of area Zmin. (%)

Charpy V-notchaverage energy min.at + 20°C (2) (3)

Long. Tang. Long. Tang. Long. Tang.

C and C-Mn 400 200 26 19 50 35 32 18

440 220 24 18 50 35 32 18

480 240 22 16 45 30 32 18

520 260 21 15 45 30 32 18

560 280 20 14 40 27 32 18

600 300 18 13 40 27 32 18

Alloy 550 350 20 14 50 35 41 24

600 400 18 13 50 35 41 24650 450 17 12 50 35 41 24

(1) The following ranges for tensile strength may be additionally specified:specified minimum tensile strength: < 600 N/mm 2 ≥ 600 N/mm 2

tensile strength range: 120 N/mm 2 150 N/mm 2.(2) For steel forgings intended for the poop structure of ships with ice class notation, Charpy V-notch minimum average energy

long. is to be 27 J at 0°C for all grades.(3) Not applicable to steel forgings for offshore structures and components. See [2.5.4].

Ceq C Mn6

--------- Cr Mo V+ +

5-------------------------------- Ni Cu+

15-------------------- -+ + +=






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


3 Forgings for machinery, shafts andnon-welded components in general

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to carbon, car-bon-manganese and alloy steel forgings, intended for use inthe construction of machinery, shafts and non-welded com-ponents including offshore equipments like rings for slew-ing bearings of cranes and offshore loading systems.Specific requirements for anchors are given in Ch 4, Sec 1,[1].

3.1.2 Forgings intended for propeller shafts, intermediateand thrust shafts, hubs, piston rods, connecting rods, crossheads, rudder stocks, tillers, pintles, anchors and anchorsshackles and offshore equipment belong to class 1; unlessotherwise specified on a case-by-case basis, other forgings

belong to class 2.3.1.3 When welding is expected on rudder stocks, tillersand pintles, the requirements of [2] apply, unless otherwiseagreed by the Society.

3.2 Steel grades

3.2.1 The grades are identified by one of the symbols FC(forgings in carbon and carbon-manganese steels) or FA(forgings in alloy steels), followed by a number giving thespecified minimum tensile strength R m in N/mm 2.


3.3.1 The forgings are to be supplied in one of the follow-ing conditions, as appropriate:Carbon and carbon-manganese steels:• fully annealed• normalized• normalized and tempered• quenched and tempered

Alloy steels:• quenched and tempered.

Alternatively, alloy steel forgings may be supplied in thenormalized and tempered condition, in which case thespecified mechanical properties are to be agreed with theSociety.For all types of steel the tempering temperature is to be notless than 550°C.


3.4.1 General

Reference is made to [1.6]. The chemical composition onladle analysis is to comply with the limits given in Tab 3 or,

where applicable, the requirements of the approved specifi-cation.


3.5.1 Tab 4 gives the minimum requirements for yieldstress, elongation, reduction of area corresponding to differ-ent strength levels. Where it is proposed to use a steel witha specified minimum tensile strength intermediate to thosegiven, corresponding minimum values for the other tensileproperties may be obtained by interpolation.

3.5.2 Forgings intended for propeller shaft, rudder stockand pintle of ships with ice class notation IAS and IA are tobe Charpy V-notch impact tested at −10°C with 27 J mini-mum average energy in longitudinal direction. Forgingsintended for propeller shaft, rudder stock and pintle of shipswith ice class notation IB and IC are to be Charpy V-notchimpact tested at 0°C with 27 J minimum average energy inlongitudinal direction.

3.5.3 For forgings operating at 0°C or lower temperature,which are not dealt with in this Article, the applicablerequirements are to be agreed with the Society dependingon the design temperature, application and dimensions; seealso Article [8].

3.5.4 Unless otherwise agreed with the Society, forgingsintended for offshore equipment are to be Charpy V-notchimpact tested with 27 J minimum average energy in longitu-dinal direction at a temperature to be agreed with the Soci-ety in accordance with Tab 5.


3.6.1 In the case of individual testing as in [1.8.2], at leastone test sample is to be taken for the required tests.

Where a forging exceeds both 4 tons in mass and 3 m inlength, one test sample is to be taken from each end. Theselimits refer to the as forged mass and length but excludingthe test material.

3.6.2 In the case of batch testing, the number of test sam-ples is given in [1.8.3].

Table 3 : Chemical composition limits for non-welded components

Steel type C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Cu (1) Totalresiduals

C, C-Mn 0,65 0,45 0,30-1,50 0,035 0,035 0,30 (1) 0,15 (1) 0,40 (1) 0,30 0,85

Alloy 0,45 0,45 0,30-1,00 0,035 0,035 min. 0,40 (2)

min. 0,15 (2)

min. 0,40 (2)

0,30 −

Note 1: Composition given in percentage mass by mass maximum unless shown as a range or as a minimum.(1) Elements are considered as residual elements unless shown as a minimum.(2) One or more of the elements is to comply with the minimum content.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


Table 4 : Mechanical properties for machinery steel forgings

Table 5 : Charpy V-notch test temperature for forgingsintended for offshore equipment

3.6.3 The test specimens for 1 tensile test and, whenrequired, 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests are to be takenfrom each test sample.The tests specimens are to be cut in a longitudinal directionexcept that, at the discretion of the Manufacturer, the alter-native directions or positions as shown in Fig 1, Fig 2 andFig 3 may be used.

Figure 1 : Plain shaft


3.7.1 A magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examinationis to be carried out on forgings intended for:

a) rudder stocks and pintles with diameter not lower than100 mm

Steel typeTensile strength

Rm min. (N/mm 2) (1)

Yield stressReH min. (N/mm 2)

Elongation A5 min. (%) Reduction of area Z min.(%)

Hardness(Brinell)

(2)Long. Tang. Long. Tang.C and C-Mn 400 200 26 19 50 35 110-150

440 220 24 18 50 35 125-160480 240 22 16 45 30 135-175520 260 21 15 45 30 150-185560 280 20 14 40 27 160-200600 300 18 13 40 27 175-215640 320 17 12 40 27 185-230680 340 16 112 35 24 200-240720 360 15 11 35 24 210-250760 380 14 10 35 24 225-265

Alloy 600 360 18 14 50 35 175-215

700 420 16 12 45 30 205-245800 480 14 10 40 27 235-275900 630 13 9 40 27 260-320

1000 700 12 8 35 24 290-3651100 770 11 7 35 24 320-385

Note 1: For propeller shafts, rudder stocks and pintles of ships with ice class notation IASand IA, Charpy V-notch impact testing is tobe carried out for all steel types at −10°C and the average energy value is to be minimum 27 J (longitudinal test). For propeller shafts,rudder stocks and pintles of ships with ice class notation IB and IC, Charpy V-notch impact testing is to be carried out for all steeltypes at 0°C and the average energy value is to be minimum 27 J (longitudinal test).(1) The following ranges for tensile strength may be additionally specified:

specified minimum tensile strength: < 900 N/mm 2 ≥ 900 N/mm 2

tensile strength range: 150 N/mm 2 200 N/mm 2.

(2) The hardness values are typical and are given for information purposes only.

Yield stressReH min. (N/mm 2) TD (°C) TCVN (°C)

235 +20 +10+10 0

0 −10−10 −20

355 +20 0+10 −10

0 −15−10 −20

460 +20 0+10 −10

0 −20−10 −30

690 +20 −20+10 −30

0 −40

−10 −40Note 1:TD : Design temperatureTCVN : Charpy V-notch impact test temperature.

Test position B(tangential)

Test position A(longitudinal)






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


b) main propulsion shafting with diameter not lower than100 mm

c) connecting rods

d) components for engines having bore diameter larger

than 400 mm, such as:• cylinder covers, piston crowns, piston rods, tie rods,

gear wheels for camshaft drives

• bolts and studs for cylinder covers, cross heads,main bearing and connecting rod bearings, nuts fortie rods.

The magnetic particle test of tie rods/stay bolts is to includetest at each threaded portion which is at least twice thelength of the thread.

Figure 2 : Flanged shaft

Figure 3 : Flanged shaft with collar

3.7.2 Ultrasonic testing is to be carried out on the follow-ing items:

a) rudder stocks and pintles with diameter not lower than200 mm

b) shafts having a finished diameter of 200 mm or larger,when intended for main propulsion or other essentialservices

c) piston crowns and cylinders covers

d) piston rods and connecting rods with connecting rodbearing caps, for engines having a bore diameter greaterthan 400 mm.

4 Forgings for crankshafts

4.1 Scope

4.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to carbon-man-

ganese and alloy steel for solid forged crankshafts and forg-ings to be used for the construction of semi-built or fullybuilt crankshafts.The general requirements, specified in Article [1], are alsoto be complied with, as appropriate.

4.1.2 Forgings intended for crankshafts belong to class 1.

4.2 Steel grades

4.2.1 The steel specification relevant to chemical composi-tion, mechanical properties and heat treatment is to be sub-mitted for approval.

4.2.2 The specified minimum tensile strength R m is gener-ally to be not lower than 400 N/mm 2 and not higher than1000 N/mm 2.

4.3 Manufacture

4.3.1 Continuous grain flow forging procedures are to bespecially approved and, to this end, tests effected to demon-strate that a satisfactory structure and grain flow areobtained.In the case of a welded crankshaft, the welding procedure isto be approved.

When the webs are obtained by flame cutting from forgedor rolled flat products, the part to be removed by machiningis to be not less than 8 mm from all flame-cut surfaces.


4.4.1 Forgings are to be normalised and tempered orquenched and tempered depending on the approved speci-fication.The tempering temperature is to be not lower than 550°C.

4.4.2 Where a superficial hardening of the crankshaft forg-ing by nitriding or by induction quenching is foreseen, theproposed procedure is to be submitted as indicated in[1.7.5].

4.5 Chemical and mechanical properties

4.5.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the approved specification [4.2.1].For alloy steels which are to be nitrided, the phosphorus orsulphur content is to be not greater than 0,020%.

4.5.2 The mechanical properties are to comply with therequirements of the approved specification.


4.6.1 For open die solid forged crankshafts one set of testspecimens is to be taken in the longitudinal direction, fromthe driving shaft end of each forging (test position A in Fig 4).

Test position B(longitudinal)

(through bolt hole) Test position A(longitudinal)

Test position C(tangential)




Test position D(tangential)






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


Figure 4 : Solid forged crankshaft

Where the mass (as heat treated but excluding test material)exceeds 3 tons, the specimens in a longitudinal directionare to be taken from each end (test positions A and B in Fig4). Where however the crankthrows are formed by machin-ing or flame cutting, the second set of specimens is to betaken in a tangential direction from material removed fromthe crankthrow at the end opposite to the driving shaft end(test position C in Fig 4).

4.6.2 For crank webs, one set of specimens is to be takenfrom each forging in a tangential direction (test position C inFig 4).

4.6.3 For closed die crankshaft forgings and crankshaftforgings where the method of manufacture has been spe-cially approved in accordance with [4.3], the number andposition of test specimens is to be agreed with the Societyhaving regard to the method of manufacture used.

4.6.4 When small crankshaft forgings are batch tested[1.8.3], hardness tests are to be made on the individualpieces and results are to be reported.


4.7.1 Magnetic particle and/or liquid penetrant tests arerequired for all crankshaft forgings.

Where applicable, this is also to include all flame-cut sur-faces not subsequently machined.

Special care is to be devoted to the pins and journals andassociated fillets.

Unless otherwise agreed, all crankshaft forgings having aminimum crankpin diameter not lower than 150 mm are tobe ultrasonically examined.

4.7.2 Non-destructive examination procedures and theacceptance criteria of the indications of such tests, comply-ing with the requirements of the engine Manufacturer, areto be previously approved by the Society.

5 Forgings for gearing

5.1 Scope

5.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to carbon-man-ganese and alloy steel forgings intended for the constructionof gearing for main propulsion and auxiliary equipment.The general requirements, specified in Article [1], are alsoto be complied with, as appropriate.

5.1.2 Forgings intended for pinions and gear wheels belongto class 1.

5.1.3 In the case of forgings for flexible couplings, quillshafts and gearwheel shafts, the requirements of Article [3]apply.

5.2 Steel grades

5.2.1 Steels are to comply with requirements specified in[3.2] or with a specification approved by the Society.To this end, a detailed specification relevant to chemicalcomposition, mechanical properties and heat treatment isto be submitted for approval.

5.3 Manufacture5.3.1 The reduction ratio during forging is to be in compli-ance with [1.3.2].Forgings are to be provided with sufficient excess materialas may be necessary for machining out possible defectivezones.


5.4.1 Unless otherwise agreed, forgings which are not to besurface-hardened are to be normalised and tempered orquenched and tempered.

5.4.2 Where induction hardening or nitriding is to be car-ried out, forgings are to be heat treated at an appropriatestage to a condition suitable for this subsequent surfacehardening.


Test position B(longitudinal)

Test position C(tangential )

Coupling end






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


Figure 5 : Pinions

L : Length of toothed portion, in mmD : Diameter of toothed portion, in mm

d : Journal diameter, in mm.5.4.3 Where carburizing is to be carried out, forgings are tobe heat treated at an appropriate stage (generally either byfull annealing or by normalizing and tempering) to a condi-tion suitable for subsequent machining and carburizing.

5.4.4 Treatments for surface hardening are to be approvedin accordance with [1.7.5].

5.5 Chemical and mechanical properties

5.5.1 The chemical composition and the mechanical prop-erties are specified in [3.4] and [3.5], respectively, or in theapproved specification as applicable.

5.6 Mechanical tests for normalised andtempered or quenched and temperedforgings

5.6.1 SamplingThe specimens necessary for the required tests are to betaken from each forging [1.8.2] or a forging representativeof the batch [1.8.3], in accordance with Fig 5, Fig 6, Fig 7and Fig 8.The set of test specimens is to be taken as follows:

• Pinions (see Fig 5):Where the finished machined diameter of the toothedportion exceeds 200 mm, one set of test specimens is tobe taken from each forging in a tangential directionadjacent to the toothed portion (test position B). Wherethe dimensions preclude the preparation of tests fromthis position, tests in a tangential direction are to betaken from the end of the journal (test position C).If, however, the journal diameter is 200 mm or less, testsare to be taken in a longitudinal direction (test positionA).Where the finished length of the toothed portionexceeds 1,25 m, one set of test specimens is to be taken

from each end.Where the finished diameter of the toothed portion is200 mm or less, one set of test specimens is to be takenin a longitudinal direction (test position A).

• Gear wheel (see Fig 6):One set of tests is to be taken from each forging in a tan-gential direction (test positions A or B).

Figure 6 : Gear wheel

• Gear wheel rims made by expanding (see Fig 7):One set of tests is to be taken from each forging in a tan-gential direction (test position A or B). Where the fin-ished diameter exceeds 2,5 m or the mass (as heattreated excluding test material) exceeds 3 tons, two setsof test specimens are to be taken from diametricallyopposite positions (test positions A and B). The mechan-ical properties for longitudinal tests are to be applied.

Figure 7 : Gear wheel rim made by expanding





L

D d

Test position A(tangential)









NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


• Pinion sleeves (see Fig 8):

One set of test specimens is to be taken from each forg-ing in a tangential direction (test position A or B). Wherethe finished length exceeds 1,25 m, one set of test spec-imens is to be taken from each end.

Figure 8 : Pinion sleeve


Hardness tests may be required at the discretion of the Soci-ety. See also [1.8.9] a).

The hardness is to be determined after completion of heattreatment and prior to machining the gear teeth.

Measurements are to be carried out at four positions equallyspaced around the circumference of the surface where teethwill subsequently be cut. Where the finished diameter of

the toothed portion exceeds 2,5 m, the above number of test positions is to be increased to eight.

Where the width of a gear wheel rim forging exceeds1,25 m, the hardness is to be determined at eight positionsat each end of the forging.

5.7 Mechanical tests for surface-hardenedforgings

5.7.1 Sampling

Forgings to be carburised after machining are to be pro-vided with sufficient test material for the sets of specimensfor both preliminary tests at the forge and final tests aftercompletion of carburising.

For this purpose duplicate sets of test material are to betaken from positions as detailed in [5.6] except that irre-spective of the dimensions or mass of the forging, tests arerequired from one position only and, in the case of forgingswith integral journals, are to be cut in a longitudinal direc-tion.

This test material is to be machined to a diameter of D/4 or60 mm, whichever is less, where D is the finished diameterof the toothed position.

For preliminary tests at the forge, one set of test material isto be given a blank carburising and heat treatment cycle,simulating that which subsequently will be applied to theforging.

For final acceptance tests, the second set of test material isto be blank carburised and heat treated along with the forg-ings they represent.At the discretion of the Manufacturer, test samples of largercross-section may be either carburised or blank carburised,

but these are to be machined to the required diameter priorto the final quenching and tempering heat treatment.

5.7.2 Hardness tests and additional checksHardness tests may also be required on forgings which havebeen induction hardened, nitrided or carburised. See also[1.8.9] b).The hardness is to be determined on the toothed part afterthe teeth have been ground to the finished profile. The resultsof such tests are to comply with the approved specification.Additional checks of the hardness, depth and shape of thehardened layer are to be performed as indicated in theapproved specification.When, for nitrided gearing, hardness verification is requiredon additional test samples, unless otherwise stated in theapproved specification, the depth of the hardened zone isto be not lower than 0,6 mm and the hardness at a depth of 0,25 mm is to be not lower than 500 Vickers points.


5.8.1 Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant testing isrequired on the tooth surfaces of gears hardened completelyor at their surface.An ultrasonic examination of the forgings is to be performedby the Manufacturer when there is still an adequate amountof excess material on the surfaces in respect of the finalposition of the teeth.In general, ultrasonic examination is required for forginghaving a finished diameter, of the part where teeth will becut, higher than 200 mm.

6 Forgings for turbines

6.1 Scope

6.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to steel forg-ings intended for the construction of rotors and discs of main turbines and rotors of auxiliary turbines driving elec-tric generators and compressors.The general requirements specified in Article [1] are also tobe complied with, as appropriate.

6.1.2 Forgings intended for propulsion machinery or essen-tial auxiliary systems belong to class 1.

6.1.3 Plans submitted for approval are to state whether theturbine is for propulsion or for auxiliary service; in the lattercase the shaft power is to be specified.For rotors to be subjected to a thermal stability test, themaximum service temperature and the proposed test tem-

perature are also to be specified.For rotors of welded construction, the specification of thechemical composition of the steel is to be submitted forapproval.








NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


Figure 9 : Turbine rotor

6.2 Steel grades, chemical composition andmechanical properties

6.2.1 The steel grades and relevant properties may be inaccordance with [3.2], [3.4] and [3.5] or with a particularspecification to be submitted for acceptance.


6.3.1 The intermediate and final heat treatments, specifiedby the Manufacturer, are to be submitted for consideration.In particular, the heat treatments are to be such as to avoidhair-line cracks.

For rotors of welded construction, the heat treatment is tobe specially approved.


6.4.1 For rotors not exceeding 3 tons in mass, one set of longitudinal specimens is to be taken from one end of theshaft and one set of transverse test specimens is to be takenin the tangential direction from the body portion (see Fig 9).For rotors exceeding 3 tons in mass, the set of longitudinalspecimens is to be taken from each end of the shaft and theset of transverse test specimens is to be taken in the tangen-tial direction from the body portion (see Fig 9).

For each turbine disc, at least one set of transverse speci-mens is to be taken from the boss in the tangential direction(see Fig 10).

Figure 10 : Turbine disc


6.5.1 A visual examination, supported by a magnetic parti-cle examination at the discretion of the Surveyor, is requiredfor the end surfaces of the rotors and the boss of the discs;the degree of finishing is to be appropriate for this purpose.An ultrasonic examination is to be carried out by the Manu-facturer on all forgings.

6.5.2 Rotor forgings for propulsion turbines having a powerexceeding 1100 kW are to be hollow bored to permit inter-nal examination visually and, where possible, by the mag-netic particle method.These examinations are to be confirmed by the Surveyor;the degree of finishing is to be adequate for the purpose.At the discretion of the Society, ultrasonic examination of the rotor by an approved procedure may be accepted as analternative to hollow boring.

6.6 Thermal stability test

6.6.1 Solid forged rotors and rotors built by welding two ormore forged pieces and intended for turbines having a serv-ice temperature exceeding 400°C are to be subjected, afterthe final heat treatment and in their rough machined condi-tion, to a thermal stability test.The test is to be performed using procedures and equipmentto the satisfaction of the Society.

The deflection may be measured with the procedure out-lined below, which consists in reading the radial elongationin way of some machined zones distributed along thelength of the rotor (in general, there will be two referencemachined zones in way, or in proximity, of the supports andthree test machined zones located one at the mid-lengthand two at the ends of the rotor).Four markings, 90° apart, are to be stamped for identifica-tion on the coupling end of the rotor.During the test, the rotor is to be rotated very slowly anduniformly in the furnace, while it is heated gradually andevenly, excessive thermal gradients being avoided; the rotoris to be maintained for a sufficient length of time at thespecified test temperature, which is to be appropriate to thefinal heat treatment of the piece, and subsequently slowlyand uniformly cooled to a sufficiently low temperature,excessive thermal gradients again being avoided.

L direction

L direction L directionL direction

T directionT direction

T direction






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


In the course of the test, the deflections are to be regularlyrecorded in each machined zone, at angular intervals of 90°, and the difference in the readings between the coldand hot conditions is not to exceed the specified limits.In general, the following requirements are to be complied

with:• the furnace is to be large enough to contain the wholelength of the rotor, including the end zones in way of the glands; overhung wheels, when present, are also tobe enclosed in the furnace

• means are to be provided for continuous recording of the temperature at the surface of the rotor and, if practi-cable, in a bore at the mid-length of the rotor

• the temperature of the rotor is in no case to exceed thefinal tempering temperature

• the test temperature is to not be less than the maximumservice temperature +28°C but not higher than the tem-perature mentioned above; the temperature distributionis to be uniform and maintained at a constant level for atleast three hours with the readings falling within0,006 mm in all the machined zones

• the rotor is to be rotated during cooling until the tem-perature is not more than 100°C

• cold readings are to be taken before and after the test.

The test results are considered satisfactory when the differ-ence between the final readings in the hot conditions andthe initial and final cold readings do not exceed 0,025 mmin any zone.Otherwise, at the request of the Manufacturer and with theSociety’s approval, the test may be repeated; when theresults of the second test are also unsatisfactory, proposalsfor alterations to the rotor are to be approved by the Societybefore further testing.

7 Forgings for boilers, pressurevessels and systems

7.1 Scope

7.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to forgingsmade in carbon, carbon-manganese, molybdenum andchromium-molybdenum low alloy steels, intended for the

construction by welding of boilers and pressure vessels,plants and piping systems in general, when Charpy V-notchproperties at temperature not lower than −20°C are speci-fied.For forgings not intended for welded constructions, therequirements of Article [2] apply, as appropriate.

7.1.2 Forgings intended for class 1 pressure vessels andpiping systems, as defined in the Rules for Steel Ships,belong to class 1. Unless otherwise required on a case-by-case basis, the other forgings belong to class 2.

7.1.3 Forgings intended for vessels and systems operatingat low temperatures are to comply with the applicablerequirements of Article [8] and, in the case of applicationsinvolving the storage and transport of liquefied gases withthe applicable requirements of the Society’s Rules for theClassification of Steel Ships.

7.2 Steel grades

7.2.1 Carbon and carbon-manganese steels are classed intothree groups indicating the minimum ultimate tensilestrength Rm, in N/mm 2: 410, 460 and 510.

Each group may be further subdivided into grades HA, HBand HD, based on conventional levels of quality and impactproperties.

7.2.2 Low alloy steels are designated according to thechemical composition in the grades 0,3Mo-1Cr0,5Mo-2,25Cr1Mo.The figures mean the nominal percentage content of themain alloying elements.Where it is proposed to use steels other than those dealtwith in these Rules, the steel specification relevant to chem-ical composition, mechanical properties and heat treatmentis to be submitted for approval.


7.3.1 The forgings are to be supplied in one of the follow-ing conditions, as appropriate:Carbon and carbon-manganese steels:• normalized• normalized and tempered• quenched and tempered

Alloy steels:• quenched and tempered.

Alternatively, alloy steel forgings may be supplied in the nor-malized and tempered condition, in which case the speci-fied mechanical properties are to be agreed with the Society.For all types of steel the tempering temperature is to be notless than 550°C.


7.4.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the limits specified in Tab 6 for carbon andcarbon-manganese forgings and Tab 7 for Cr and Cr-Moalloy steel forgings.

7.5 Mechanical properties7.5.1 The mechanical properties are specified in Tab 8 forcarbon and carbon-manganese steel and in Tab 9 for Cr andCr-Mo alloy steel forgings.

7.6 Mechanical properties at elevated tem-perature

7.6.1 The values for the 0,2% proof stress (R p0,2) at tempera-tures of 150°C and higher are given in Tab 10.The above values are for design purposes only. Their verifica-tion is in general not required during the testing, unless figures

higher than those shown in Tab 10 and in accordance withrecognised standards are proposed by the steel Manufacturer.In such cases, the verification is required and the proce-dures detailed in [7.6.2] and [7.6.3] are to be followed.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3


Table 6 : Carbon and carbon-manganese steels - Chemical composition

Table 7 : Low alloy steels - Chemical composition

Table 8 : Carbon and carbon-manganese steels - Mechanical properties

Table 9 : Low alloy steels - Mechanical properties

Steel grade DeoxidationChemical composition (%) (1)

C max Mn Si P max S max Al tot. min. (1) Ni max410 HA killed 0,20 0,60 - 1,40 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 0,40

410 HB killed410 HD killed and fine grained 0,020460 HA killed 0,22 0,90 - 1,60 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,030 0,40460 HB killed460 HD killed and fine grained 0,20 0,020510 HA killed 0,23 1,00 - 1,60 0,10 - 0,50 0,030 0,030 0,40510 HB killed510 HD killed and fine grained 0,20 0,020(1) Nb, V or Ti may be used for grain refining as a complete or partial substitute for Al, in which case the minimum value for Al

content does not apply. The grain refining elements are to be specified at the time of approval;in general Nb and V are not to exceed 0,05% and 0,10%, respectively. Additional alloying elements are to be submitted forconsideration and approval. Residual elements not intentionally added are not to exceed the following limits:

Cu ≤ 0,30%; Cr ≤ 0,25%; Mo ≤ 0,10%. Total: Ni + Cu + Cr + Mo ≤ 0,80%

Steel grade Deoxidation(2)

Chemical composition (%) (1)C Mn Si P max S max Cr Mo

0,3Mo Si killed 0,12 - 0,22 0,40 - 0,90 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 − 0,25 - 0,351Cr 0,5Mo Si killed ≤ 0,18 0,40 - 1,70 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 0,80 - 1,15 0,40 - 0,652,25Cr 1Mo Si killed ≤ 0,15 0,10 - 0,40 0,10 - 0,40 0,030 0,030 2,00 - 2,50 0,90 - 1,10(1) Residual elements are not to exceed the following limits: Cu ≤ 0,30%; Ni ≤ 0,30%.(2) Aluminum total is to be lower than 0,020% for all grades of steel. The aluminum content is to be mentioned on the ladle anal-

ysis certificate.

Steel grade

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2)min. for thickness t (mm)

Tensilestrength

Rm

(N/mm2)

Elongation A5 (%) min.for thickness t (mm) (1) Average impact energy (J)

min.

t ≤100 100 < t ≤ 250t ≤100 100 < t ≤250

L T L T Test temp (°C) KVL KVT410 HA 230 220 410 - 530 24 23 23 21 + 20 41 27410 HB 0 27 22410 HD 250 230 − 20460 HA 260 250 460 - 600 23 21 22 20 + 20 41 27460 HB 0 27 22

460 HD 280 260 − 20510 HA 280 270 510 - 650 21 20 20 19 + 20 41 27510 HD 0510 HD 330 310 − 20(1) L and T stand for longitudinal and transverse specimens, respectively.

Steel gradeYield stress ReH (N/mm2) min.

for thickness t (mm) (1) Tensile strengthRm (N/mm2)

Elongation A5 (%) min.(2)

Average impact energy (J)min.

t ≤ 100 100 < t ≤ 250 L T Test temp (°C) KVL KVT0,3Mo 285 270 440 - 570 23 21 +20 50 34

1Cr 0,5Mo 270 255 440 - 590 20 18 44 272,25Cr 1Mo 275 275 500 - 650 19 17 60 50(1) For thickness or diameter greater than 250 mm, values are to be agreed with the Society.(2) L and T stand for longitudinal and transverse specimens, respectively.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3



7.6.2 When Rp0,2 is required to be verified, at least one ten-sile test for each cast is to be carried out at the agreed tem-perature on each forging or batch of forgings.The test specimen is to be taken near the position of the ten-sile specimen tested at ambient temperature.The dimensions of the specimens and the testing procedureare to be in accordance with the requirements of Ch 1, Sec2, [2.1] and Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.2.5], respectively.The results of tests are to comply with the specified values.

7.6.3 As an alternative to the systematic verification of therequired R p0,2 as in [7.6.2], it may be agreed with the indi-vidual steelmakers to carry out an adequate program of testsor to adequately check the statistical data of the current pro-duction.

7.6.4 The values of the estimated average stress to rupturein 100.000 hours are given, for design purposes only, in Sec1, Tab 19.


7.7.1 With the exception of drums (see [7.7.2]), at least oneset of specimens for mechanical tests (1 tension and unlessotherwise required 3 Charpy V-notch specimens for typeHB and HD) is to be taken from each forging [1.8.2] orbatch [1.8.3]; unless otherwise agreed and when possible,specimens are to be taken in the longitudinal direction.

7.7.2 For drum forgings, one set of specimens for mechani-cal tests is to be taken from each open end.When, depending on the manufacturing procedure, the test

samples are to be detached before heat treatment, they areto be heat treated with the forging they represent.The specimens are to be cut in the circumferential direc-tion. Where the tensile test is carried out on specimens

taken at both ends of a drum forging, the variation in tensilestrength Rm on the two tests is not to exceed 70 N/mm 2.

7.7.3 For tensile tests at elevated temperatures, the require-ments of [7.6.2] apply.


7.8.1 Unless otherwise required or agreed, at least the fol-lowing non-destructive examinations are to be carried out:

• all class 1 forgings are to be examined by the magneticparticle method

• all class 1 drum forgings and other similar importantforgings having thickness higher than 10 mm are to beexamined by ultrasonic method.

8 Ferritic steel forgings for lowtemperature service

8.1 Scope

8.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to ferritic steelforgings intended for welded structural use as in the con-struction of structures, vessels, plants and piping systems forlow temperature service or when, irrespective of the serviceconditions, they are required to satisfy specified impactproperties at temperatures lower than −20°C.

8.1.2 Unless otherwise agreed, forgings covered by thisArticle belong to class 1.

8.1.3 In the case of applications involving the storage andtransport of liquefied gases or fluids at low temperature ingeneral, the appropriate requirements of the Society’s Rulesfor the Classification of Steel Ships also apply.

Steel grade Thickness(mm)

Rp0,2 (N/mm2) at a temperature (°C) of

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

410 HA (1)410 HB (1)

≤ 100> 100

190175

180170

170160

150150

140140

135135

135135

410 HD (1) ≤ 100> 100

205190

190175

170165

150150

140140

135135

130130

460 HA (1)460 HB (1)

≤ 100> 100

215200

210200

195190

175−

170-

160−

155−

460 HD (1) ≤ 100> 100

235220

215200

200190

175175

165−

155−

150−

510 HB (1) ≤ 100> 100

235220

225210

210200

190190

180−

175−

170−

510 HD (1) ≤ 100> 100

255240

235215

215205

190190

180−

170−

165−

0,3Mo 200 185 170 160 150 140 1301Cr 0,5Mo 210 200 180 170 160 150 140

2,25Cr 1Mo 240 230 220 210 200 190 180

(1) The values at R p0,2 for temperatures ≤ 250°C are for guidance only.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 3



8.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon, carbon-manga-nese and nickel alloy steels.

The steel specification relevant to chemical composition,

mechanical properties and heat treatment is to be submittedfor approval.

Reference can be made to the steel designation, chemicalcomposition and mechanical properties relevant to therolled materials to which the forgings are intended to bewelded, i.e. in particular, for these Rules, to Sec 1, Tab 20and Sec 1, Tab 22 for carbon and carbon-manganese steels,and to Sec 1, Tab 21 and Sec 1, Tab 23 for nickel alloysteels.


8.3.1 Forgings are to be normalised, normalised and tem-pered or quenched and tempered, depending on the gradeof steel, as indicated in Sec 1, [5.4.1] or in the approvedspecification.


8.4.1 At least one set of specimens for mechanical tests (1tensile and 3 Charpy V-notch specimens) is to be taken fromeach forging [1.8.2] or batch [1.8.3]; unless otherwiseagreed and when possible, specimens are to be cut in thelongitudinal direction.

The impact tests are generally to be carried out at the mini-mum temperature stated for the type of steel; a higher testtemperature may be agreed with the Society, however,depending on the design service temperature of the individ-ual applications.


8.5.1 Unless otherwise required or agreed, class 1 forgingsare to be examined by the magnetic particle method.

When the above forgings have thickness higher than 10mm,they are also to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.

9 Stainless steel forgings

9.1 Scope

9.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to stainlesssteel forgings intended for construction of cargo and storagetanks, pressure vessels, and piping fittings for chemicaland/or low temperature applications.

9.1.2 Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the forgingscovered by this Article belong to class 1.

9.1.3 Austenitic stainless steels are suitable for use at bothelevated and low temperatures where the design tempera-ture is not lower than −165°C.When austenitic stainless steels are proposed for use at ele-vated temperatures, details of chemical composition,

mechanical properties and heat treatment are to be submit-ted for consideration and approval.

9.1.4 Stainless steels may also be used for shafts andmachinery applications under Article [3].



9.2.1 The requirements apply to austenitic Cr-Ni steels.

The general requirements relevant to designation, chemicalcomposition, mechanical properties and condition of sup-ply are specified in Sec 1, [7] relevant to rolled products.

9.2.2 Other types of stainless steels (ferritic-austenitic ormartensitic), complying with international or national spec-ifications, may be accepted for particular applications (e.g.[9.1.4]); their relevant specification is to be submitted forapproval.


9.3.1 Sampling and mechanical tests are to be in compli-

ance with the requirements of [3.6] and [7.7], as appropri-ate, depending on the application (machinery or pressuresystems).Unless otherwise required, impact tests on the austeniticgrades are to be performed for a service temperature lowerthan −105°C and are to be carried out at −196°C.The results of the tests are to be in accordance with therequirements of Sec 1, [7.6.1].


9.4.1 Unless otherwise required or agreed, class 1 forgingsare to be examined by the liquid penetrant test and/or by

the ultrasonic method, as appropriate, depending on theapplication.

9.5 Corrosion tests

9.5.1 For forgings intended for chemicals, the corrosiontests, ASTM A262 Practice E (copper- copper sulphate sul-phuric) or ASTM A262 Practice C (nitric acid test), as appro-priate, may be required to be carried out on one piece perbatch.Tests in accordance with other recognised standards may beaccepted subject to the agreement of the Society.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


SECTION 4 S TEEL CASTINGS

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to steel cast-ings intended for hull, structural applications, offshore con-struction, machinery, propellers, boilers, pressure vesselsand piping systems.

This Article specifies the requirements common to all the

above-mentioned steel products, while the specific require-ments for the various applications are indicated in Articles[2] to [8].

1.1.2 Mass productions

For mass produced small castings, the Manufacturer mayadopt particular procedures for testing and inspection sub-



Special requirements may be specified in the case of appli-cations intended for dangerous substances or for particu-larly severe service conditions.

In the case of applications involving the storage and trans-port of liquefied gases or fluids at low temperature in gen-eral, the appropriate requirements of the Society’s Rules forthe Classification of Steel Ship also apply.

1.2 Classification of castings

1.2.1 For the purposes of this Section, castings are dividedinto two Classes depending on their service:

a) class 1 castings are those intended for applications, suchas propellers, components of crankshafts, engine bed-plates, cylinder and piston heads, rudder stocks, tillers,anchors, major components of hull and machinery, off-shore construction, components under pressure relativeto class 1 pressure systems, cargo gear items subjectedto severe stresses, etc. The castings indicated in [1.1.3]are class 1 as well.

b) class 2 castings are all those subject to testing and notincluded in class 1.

1.3 Manufacture


The steel is to be manufactured as detailed in Sec 1, [1.2.1].

1.3.2 Flame and arc-air shaping

All flame cutting, scarfing or arc-air gouging to remove sur-plus metal is to be undertaken in accordance with recog-nised good practice and is to be carried out before the finalheat treatment. Suitable preheating is to be applied whennecessary due to the chemical composition and/or dimen-sions of the casting. If necessary, the affected areas are to beeither machined or ground smooth.

1.3.3 Welding of castings

When two or more castings are joined by welding to form acomposite component, the proposed welding procedure isto be submitted for approval. Welding procedure qualifica-tion tests may be required.

1.4 Approval

1.4.1 Unless otherwise agreed, the manufacturing processof class 1 castings is to be approved by the Society.

When the approval is not required, the Manufacturers are tobe recognised on a case-by-case basis.

Provisions for the approval are given in the Society’s docu-ment NR480 “Approval of the manufacturing process of metallic materials”.


1.5.1 All castings are to be free from surface or internaldefects which would be prejudicial to their proper applica-tion in service.


1.6.1 All castings are to be made from killed steel and thechemical composition is to be appropriate for the type of

steel and the mechanical properties specified for the cast-ings.

1.6.2 The chemical composition of each heat is to be deter-mined by the manufacturer on a sample taken preferablyduring the pouring of the heat. When multiple heats aretapped into a common ladle, the ladle analysis shall apply.

1.6.3 Unless otherwise required suitable grain refining ele-ments such as aluminium may be used at the discretion of the manufacturer. The content of such elements is to bereported.

1.6.4 Carbon equivalent (Ceq) values, when used in thisSection, are calculated using the following formula:

CEQ C Mn6

---------Cr Mo V+ +

5--------------------------------

Ni Cu+

15-------------------- - %+ + +=






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


1.7 Heat treatment

1.7.1 Castings are to be suitably heat treated to obtain therequired mechanical properties.

Heat treatment is to be carried out in suitable furnaces. SeeCh 1, Sec 1, [2.3.1].

1.7.2 The heat treatment conditions foreseen are given inthe Articles relevant to the various castings.

When more than one heat treatment condition is specified,the choice of the supply condition, unless otherwiserequired, is left to the Manufacturer; the condition of supplyis always to be mentioned in the testing documentation.

1.7.3 If a casting is locally reheated or any straighteningoperation is performed after the final heat treatment consid-eration is to be given to a subsequent stress relieving heattreatment.

1.7.4 The foundry is to maintain records of heat treatmentidentifying the furnace used, furnace charge, date, tempera-ture and time at temperature. The records are to be pre-sented to the surveyor and copies provided on request.


1.8.1 General

The requirements relevant to the type and number of tests tobe carried out are given in the Articles relevant to the vari-ous applications.

Test material sufficient for the required tests and for possiblere-test purposes is to be provided for each casting or batchof castings.

The test material is to have a thickness of not less than30mm.

The test samples are not to be detached from the castinguntil the specified heat treatment has been completed andthey have been properly identified.


At least one test sample is to be provided for each casting.Unless otherwise agreed these test samples are to be eitherintegrally cast or gated to the castings.

Where the casting is of complex design or where the fin-ished mass exceeds 10 tonnes, two test samples are to beprovided.

Where large castings are made from two or more casts,

which are not mixed in a ladle prior to pouring, two ormore test samples are to be provided corresponding to thenumber of casts involved. These are to be integrally cast atlocations as widely separated as possible.

1.8.3 Batch testing

A batch testing procedure may be adopted in the followingcases:

a) small class 1 castings of about the same size, each of

which is under 1000kg in mass, made from one cast andheat treated in the same furnace charge;

b) class 2 castings of the same type of steel, of approxi-mately the same size, having mass not exceeding 1000kg and subjected to the same heat treatment;

The test samples may be cut from one or more castings of the batch or, alternatively, separately cast samples may beused. When cast samples are used, they are to be properlyidentified and heat treated together with the castings of thebatch.


For the preparation of test specimens and relevant testingprocedure, reference is made to the applicable require-ments of Ch 1, Sec 2.

1.8.5 Tensile test

The results of the tensile test at ambient temperature are tocomply with the requirements of the appropriate Tables, orof the relevant approved specification when steels otherthan those specified in these Rules are accepted.

Reference is made to [5.6] for the properties at elevatedtemperatures and their verification, when required.

1.8.6 Impact test

The average value of a set of 3 tests is to comply with theaverage value required in the appropriate Tables, or in theapproved specification when steels other than those speci-fied in these Rules are accepted.

Only one individual value may be lower than the averagevalue required, provided that it is not less than 70% of it.

The minimum average values for impact tests indicated inthe Tables are relevant to standard specimens 10x10mm 2.


Where a batch testing procedure is used, hardness tests of Brinell type may be required, at the discretion of the Sur-veyor, to check the homogeneity of the batch.


Samples for possible re-tests are to be taken as near as prac-ticable to the specimens used for the original tests but alter-natively may also be taken from another test position orsample representative of the casting or batch of castings.









NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


1.13.3 The excavations are to be suitably shaped to allowgood access for welding. The resulting grooves are to besubsequently ground smooth and complete elimination of the defective material is to be verified by magnetic particleor liquid penetrant testing.

1.13.4 All castings in alloy steels and all castings for crank-shafts are to be suitably pre-heated prior to welding. Cast-ings in carbon or carbon-manganese steel may also requireto be pre-heated depending on their chemical compositionand the dimensions and position of the weld repairs.

1.13.5 The welding consumables used are to be of anappropriate composition, giving a weld deposit withmechanical properties similar and in no way inferior tothose of the parent castings. Welding procedure qualifica-tion tests are to be carried out by the manufacturer to dem-onstrate that satisfactory mechanical properties can beobtained after final heat treatment or stress relieving heat

treatment, as applicable.

1.13.6 Welding is to be done under cover in positions freefrom draughts and adverse weather conditions by qualifiedwelders with adequate supervision, in accordance with theapproved welding procedure specification. As far as possi-ble, all welding is to be carried out in the downhand (flat)position.

1.13.7 After welding has been completed the castings areto be given either a suitable heat treatment in accordancewith [1.7] at a temperature of not less than 550°C. The typeof heat treatment employed will be dependent on the chem-ical composition of the casting and the dimensions, posi-tions and nature of the repairs.

1.13.8 Subject to prior agreement with the Society, consid-eration may be given to the omission of postweld heat treat-ment or to the acceptance of local stress-relieving heattreatment where the repaired area is small and machining of the casting has reached an advanced stage.

1.13.9 On completion of heat treatment the weld repairsand adjacent material are to be ground smooth and exam-ined by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant testing. Sup-plementary examination by ultrasonics or radiography mayalso be required depending on the dimensions and nature

of the original defect. Satisfactory results are to be obtainedfrom all forms of non-destructive testing used.

1.13.10 The manufacturer is to maintain full records detail-ing the extent and location of repairs made to each castingand details of weld procedures and heat treatment appliedfor repairs. These records are to be available to the Surveyorand copies provided on request.


1.14.1 The Manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-tion which will enable all finished castings to be traced to

the original cast and their manufacturing.Before acceptance, all castings which have been tested andinspected with satisfactory results are to be marked with thefollowing details:



c) identification mark for the grade of steel

d) Identification number, cast number or other marking

which will enable the history of the fabrication of thecasting to be traced

e) Society’s marks including Society’s certificate number,

f) test pressure, where applicable.Modified arrangements for identification and marking maybe agreed with the Society in the case of small castingsmanufactured in large numbers.


1.15.1 The testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1,[4.2.1] is to be issued and is to include all the information,

as appropriate.The ladle analysis is to include the content of refining andalloying elements as applicable.

Where applicable, the reports relevant to the non-destruc-tive examination [1.11.1], weld repair [1.13] and pressuretest [1.9.1] are to be enclosed with the testing documenta-tion.

2 Castings for hull, offshore structuresand welded components in general

2.1 Scope2.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to steel cast-ings intended for hull structures, offshore structures andwelded components in general, where design and accept-ance tests are related to mechanical properties at ambienttemperature.

2.1.2 Castings intended for use in the construction of hull,such as stems, sternframes, rudder and propeller shaft sup-ports, and offshore structures belong to class 1; unless oth-erwise specified, on a case-by-case basis, other castingsbelong to class 2.

2.2 Steel grades

2.2.1 Castings are divided into the qualities Normal andSpecial depending on chemical composition and mechani-cal properties.The steel grades are identified by the letter G, followed by anumber indicating the minimum specified tensile strengthRm (in N/mm2) and by the symbol 1 for Normal quality or 2for Special quality.

2.2.2 Limits on the specified minimum tensile strength andquality to be used for hull structures are given in the Soci-

ety’s Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships Part B and/orrequired by the Society on the relevant approved plans.

In particular, the use of the grades G480 and G520 may berestricted to quality 2 and to specific conditions.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4




2.3.1 All castings are to be made from killed steel.

2.3.2 Suitable grain refining elements such as aluminium,niobium or vanadium are to be added to Quality 2 steels.The content of such elements is to be reported.

2.3.3 The chemical composition on ladle analysis of car-bon or carbon-manganese steels is to comply with the limitsgiven in Tab 1 or, where applicable the requirements of theapproved specification.

2.3.4 Maximum carbon equivalent (Ceq) value specifiedfor castings for offshore structures and components is to beagreed with the Society.


2.4 Heat treatment

2.4.1 Carbon or carbon-manganese steel castings are to besupplied in one of the following conditions:• fully annealed

• normalised• normalised and tempered at a temperature of not less

than 550°C

2.4.2 Alloy steel castings are to be supplied in the condi-tion stated in the approved specification.


2.5.1 Tab 2 gives the minimum requirements for yieldstress, elongation and reduction of area corresponding todifferent strength levels. Where it is proposed to use a steelwith a specified minimum tensile strength intermediate to

those given, corresponding minimum values for the othertensile properties may be obtained by interpolation.Charpy V-notch impact test requirements applicable to cast-ings for offshore structures and components are to beagreed with the Society in accordance with the Society’sOffshore Rules.


2.6.1 The number of test samples required is given in[1.8.2] for individual testing and in [1.8.3] for batch testing.The test specimens for 1 tensile and 3 Charpy V-notchimpact tests are to be taken from each test sample.

2.6.2 Impact tests may be omitted for class 2 castings.


Composition (%)Permitted residual

elements (%)

C max 0,23 Cu max 0,30

Mn 0,50 - 1,60 Cr max 0,30

Si max 0,60 Ni max 0,40

P max 0,040 Mo max 0,15S max 0,040 Total max 0,80

Tensile strengthRm (N/mm2) min.

(1) (2)Quality

Yield stressReH (N/mm2)

min.

Elongation A5 (%)min.

Reduction of areaZ (%) min.

Average impact energy (J)at + 20°C min (3) (4)

V-notch

400 1 200 25 40 25

2 28 45 32

440 1 220 22 30 22

2 26 45 27

480 1 240 20 27 20

2 24 40 25

520 1 260 18 25 15

2 22 40 20

560 1 300 15 20 12

2 20 35 18

600 1 320 13 20 10

2 18 35 15

(1) For intermediate values of the tensile strength R m, the corresponding properties may be obtained by interpolation.

(2) Unless otherwise agreed, the tensile strength R m shall not exceed the specified value by more than 150 N/mm 2 or 120 N/mm 2,for casting of quality 1 and 2 respectively.

(3) Not applicable to steel castings for offshore structures and components, see [2.5.1].(4) Not applicable to castings for machinery and non-welded components in general.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4



2.7.1 Castings intended for the construction of sternframes,poop structure, rudders and propeller shaft supports are tobe non-destructively tested by ultrasonic and magneticmethods.Other castings are to be examined by non-destructive testmethods as required by the Society on the approved plansor, in specific cases, by the Surveyor.

3 Castings for machinery and non-welded components in general

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to carbon orcarbon-manganese steel castings, intended for use in theconstruction of machinery and non-welded components in

general.Provisions for castings for anchors are given in Ch 4, Sec 1,[1].

3.1.2 Castings intended for parts of engine bedplates, cylin-der and piston heads, turbine casings, components in gen-eral of important machinery, rudders and anchors, offshorecomponents belong to class 1; unless otherwise specifiedon a case-by-case basis, other castings belong to class 2.

3.2 Steel grades

3.2.1 Castings are divided into the qualities Normal and

Special depending on chemical composition and mechani-cal properties.The steel grades are identified by the letter G, followed by anumber indicating the minimum specified tensile strengthRm (in N/mm 2) and by the symbol 1 for Normal quality or 2for Special quality.



3.3.1 All castings are to be made from killed steel.

3.3.2 Suitable grain refining elements such as aluminium,niobium or vanadium are to be added to Quality 2 steels.The content of such elements is to be reported.

Table 3 : Chemical composit ion

3.3.3 The chemical composition on ladle analysis of car-bon or carbon-manganese steels is to comply with the limitsgiven in Tab 3 or, where applicable the requirements of theapproved specification.

3.4 Heat treatment3.4.1 Castings are to be supplied in one of the followingconditions:• fully annealed• normalised• normalised and tempered at a temperature of not less

than 550°C.

Castings for components such as engine bedplates, turbinesand other castings in general, where dimensional stabilityand low internal stress level are a concern, are to be given astress relief heat treatment. This is to be carried out at a tem-perature of not less than 550°C and then cooled in the fur-nace to 300°C or lower. When the full annealing or thetempering of the normalised and tempered steels is fol-lowed by furnace cooling to 300°C or lower, the stress relief treatment is not required.


3.5.1 Tab 2 gives the minimum requirements for yieldstress, elongation and reduction of area corresponding todifferent strength levels. Where it is proposed to use a steelwith a specified minimum tensile strength intermediate tothose given, corresponding minimum values for the othertensile properties may be obtained by interpolation.Charpy V-notch impact test requirements applicable to cast-ings for offshore structures and components are to beagreed with the Society in accordance with the Society’sOffshore Rules.


3.6.1 The number of test samples required is given in[1.8.2] for individual testing and in [1.8.3] for batch testing.The test specimens for 1 tensile test is to be taken from eachtest sample.


3.7.1 Ultrasonic examination is to be carried out on the fol-lowing items:a) piston crowns and cylinder coversb) parts of engine bedplatesc) turbine casingsd) rudder components.

3.7.2 A magnetic particle examination is to be carried outfor the following items:a) piston crowns and cylinder covers for engines having a

bore size greater than 400 mmb) parts of engine bedplatesc) turbine casingsd) rudder components.

Composition (%) Permitted residual elements (%)

C max 0,40 Cu max 0,30

Mn 0,50 - 1,60 Cr max 0,30

Si max 0,60 Ni max 0,40

P max 0,040 Mo max 0,15

S max 0,040 Total residuals(max.)

0,80






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


The parts to be examined and the test procedures are to beagreed with the Surveyor.

Other castings are to be examined by non-destructive testmethods as required by the Society on the approved plans,or, in specific cases, by the Surveyor.

4 Castings for crankshafts

4.1 Scope

4.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to carbon orcarbon-manganese steel castings intended for the construc-tion of semi-built and fully built crankshafts.

4.1.2 Castings intended for crankshafts belong to class 1.

4.2 Steel grades

4.2.1 As required in the Society’s Rules for the Classifica-tion of Steel Ships Pt C, Ch 1, Sec 2, the steel grade specifi-cation (chemical composition, heat treatment andmechanical properties) is to be submitted for approval whenthe engine type approval is processed.

4.3 Manufacture

4.3.1 The manufacturing process is to be approved andapproval tests are required to verify the soundness and theproperties at significant locations of the castings.


4.4.1 All castings are to be made from killed and fine graintreated steel.

4.4.2 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements of the approved specifica-tion.

4.5 Heat treatment

4.5.1 Castings are to be supplied in the condition stated inthe approved specification.Castings in carbon or carbon-manganese steels are gener-ally supplied in one of the following conditions:• fully annealed and cooled in the furnace to 300°C or

less• normalised and tempered to a temperature of not less

than 550°C, then cooled in the furnace to 300°C or less.


4.6.1 The mechanical properties are to comply with therequirements of the approved specification.


4.7.1 The number and position of the specimens formechanical tests are agreed at the time of approval of themanufacturing process.

4.8 Non-destructive examinations

4.8.1 All the surfaces of the casting in the finished condi-tion are to be tested by magnetic particle.

Where applicable this test is to be performed on all flame

cut surfaces not subsequently machined as well.All the castings are to be tested by ultrasonics.

The procedures for ultrasonics examination as well asacceptance criteria are to comply with the requirements of the engine manufacturer and are to be agreed with the Soci-ety.

5 Castings for boilers, pressurevessels and systems

5.1 Scope

5.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to steel cast-ings intended for the welded construction of boilers, pres-sure vessels, plants and piping systems in general, operatingat temperatures not lower than 0°C.

5.1.2 Castings intended for use in the construction of pres-sure vessels and piping systems of class 1 as defined in rele-vant Society’s Rules belong to class 1.

5.1.3 Castings intended for vessels and systems operating attemperatures lower than 0°C are to comply with the appli-cable requirements of Article [6] for applications involving

the storage and transport of liquefied gases and those speci-fied in the Society’s Rules for the Classification of SteelShips as appropriate.

5.2 Steel grades

5.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon, carbon-manga-nese or low alloy steels (Mo and Cr-Mo steels).

The C and C-Mn steels are classed into three groups and areidentified by the specified minimum tensile strength R m (inN/mm 2) 400, 440, 480, followed by the letter P.

Carbon or carbon-manganese steels having a minimumspecified tensile strength R m greater than the above butwithout exceeding 520 N/mm 2 may be accepted, at the dis-cretion of the Society, on the basis of their detailed specifi-cation.

5.2.2 Low alloy steels are designated according to thechemical composition into the grades 0,3Mo - 1Cr0,5Mo -2,25Cr1Mo - 0,5Cr0,5Mo0,25V.

The figures mean the nominal percentage content of themain alloying elements.


5.3.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 4 or theapproved specification as applicable.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4



5.4 Heat treatment

5.4.1 Castings are to be supplied in one of the followingconditions:

• fully annealed

• normalised

• normalised and tempered

• quenched and tempered.

The tempering temperature is to be of not less than 550°C.


5.5.1 The mechanical properties are to comply with therequirements given in Tab 5 or the approved specification,as applicable.

5.6 Mechanical properties at elevated tem-perature

5.6.1 The values for the 0,2% proof stress (R p0,2 ), at temper-atures of 150°C and higher, are given in Tab 6.The above values are for design purposes only. Their verifi-

cation is generally not required for material certification.Table 5 : Mechanical properties


Steelgrade


C Mn Si P max S max Cr Mo V Ni max

400 P ≤ 0,23 0,50-1,20 ≤ 0,60 0,035 0,035 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,15 − −

440 P ≤ 0,23 0,50-1,20 ≤ 0,60 0,035 0,035 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,15 − 0,40 (1)

480 P ≤ 0,25 0,60-1,60 ≤ 0,60 0,035 0,035 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,15 − 0,40 (1)

0,5Mo 0,15-0,23 0,50-1,00 0,30-0,60 0,035 0,035 ≤ 0,30 0,40-0,60 − 0,40

1Cr0,5Mo 0,10-0,20 0,50-1,00 0,30-0,60 0,035 0,035 1,00-1,50 0,45-0,65 − 0,40

2,25Cr1Mo 0,13-0,20 0,50-1,00 0,30-0,60 0,035 0,035 2,00-2,50 0,90-1,20 − 0,40

0,5Cr0,5Mo0,25V 0,10-0,18 0,40-0,80 0,30-0,60 0,035 0,035 0,70-1,10 0,40-0,60 0,22-0,30 0,40

(1) With the exception of refining elements, additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval.Residual elements are not to exceed the following limits (%):for C and C-Mn steels: Cu ≤ 0,30 ; total: Ni+Cu+Cr+Mo ≤ 0,80for alloy steels: Cu ≤ 0,30

Steel gradeYield stress ReH

(N/mm2) min.Tensile strength

(N/mm2)Elongation A5 (%)

min.Reduction of area

Z (%) min.

Average impactenergy (J) at + 20°C

V-notch

400 P 200 400 - 550 25 40 27

440 P 230 440 - 590 22 38 27

480 P 250 480 - 630 20 30 27

0,5Mo 245 450 - 600 21 35 25

1Cr 0,5Mo 290 480 - 630 18 35 25

2,25Cr 1Mo 280 500 - 650 18 35 250,5Cr 0,5Mo 0,25V 310 500 - 650 17 35 16

Steel gradeRp0,2 (N/mm2) at a temperature (°C) of

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

400 P440 P480 P

210 200 185 160 155 150 135

0,5Mo 235 225 205 185 175 170 155 145 135 125

1Cr 0,5Mo 200 195 185 160 115

2,25Cr 1Mo 310 305 295 290 280 270 255 240 210 180

0,5Cr 0,5Mo 0,25V 245 300 215 195 145

Note 1: The values at R p0,2 for temperatures ≤ 200°C are for guidance only.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


5.6.2 Where, however, a verification of the properties atelevated temperature (above 200°C) is required, the follow-ing procedure applies, unless otherwise agreed:

• a tensile test to verify the yield stress is to be performedat an agreed temperature (in relation to the design tem-perature) rounded to the nearest multiple of 50°C

• the test is to be carried out on samples properly takenfrom the castings selected

• the test samples are to be heat treated, as required,together with the casting they represent

• the test procedure is to be in compliance with the rele-vant requirements of Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.1] and Ch 1, Sec 2,[2.2.5]

• the result of the test is to comply with the yield stressvalue specified at the test temperature concerned.

5.6.3 Where figures higher than those shown in Tab 6 andin accordance with recognised standards are proposed bythe steel Manufacturer, their verification is required andprocedures similar to those detailed in Sec 1, [4.7.2] are tobe followed in agreement with the Society.

5.6.4 The values of the estimated average stress to rupturein 100.000 hours, for design purposes only, are given in Sec1, Tab 19.


5.7.1 The number of test samples required is given in[1.8.2] for individual testing and in [1.8.3] for batch testing.

The test specimens for 1 tensile and 3 Charpy V-notchimpact tests are to be taken from each test sample.



5.8.1 The castings are to be examined by means of the non-

destructive tests required by the applicable Rules or by theSociety on the approved plans; tests may also be required inindividual cases at the discretion of the Surveyor.

6 Ferritic steel castings for lowtemperature service

6.1 Scope

6.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to ferritic steelcastings intended for welded structural use as in the con-struction of structures, vessels, plants and piping systems forlow temperature service or when, irrespective of the serviceconditions, they are required to satisfy specified impactproperties at temperatures lower than 0°C.

6.1.2 Unless otherwise agreed, castings covered by thisArticle belong to class 1.


6.2 Steel grades

6.2.1 The requirements apply to carbon-manganese ornickel alloy steels specified in [6.2.2] and [6.2.3].

Where it is proposed to use alternative steel grade, the spec-ification (chemical composition, heat treatment andmechanical properties) is to be submitted for approval.

6.2.2 Carbon-manganese steels are classed into threegroups indicated by the specified minimum tensile strengthRm: 400, 440 or 480 N/mm 2.

Each group is further subdivided into three grades: LD, LEand LF, based on the impact test temperature specified at −20°C, −40°C and −60°C, respectively.

6.2.3 Ni alloy steels are designated according to the chem-ical composition into the grades 2,5Ni and 3,5Ni. The fig-ures mean the Ni nominal percentage content.


6.3.1The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 7 or the

approved specification as applicable.


Steel gradeChemical composition (%) (1)

C max Mn Si P max S max Ni Al tot Others

400 LD-LE-LF 0,23 0,50 - 1,20 0,30 - 0,60 0,035 0,035 ≤ 0,80 ≥ 0,020 Cr ≤ 0,25Cu ≤ 0,30Mo ≤ 0,15

440 LD-LE-LF 0,23 0,60 - 1,30 0,30 - 0,60 0,035 0,035 ≤ 0,80 ≥ 0,020

480 LD-LE-LF 0,25 0,60 - 1,30 0,30 - 0,60 0,035 0,035 ≤ 0,80 ≥ 0,020

2,5Ni 0,16 0,50 - 0,80 0,30 - 0,60 0,035 0,035 2,00 - 3,00 −

3,5Ni 0,14 0,50 - 0,80 0,30 - 0,60 0,035 0,035 3,00 - 4,00 −

(1) With the exception of refining elements, additional alloying elements are to be submitted for consideration and approval.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


6.4 Heat treatment

6.4.1 Castings are to be supplied in one of the followingconditions:• fully annealed

• normalised• normalised and tempered at a temperature of not less

than 550°C.




6.6.1 The number of test samples required is given in[1.8.2] for individual testing and in [1.8.3] for batch testing.The test specimens for 1 tensile and 3 Charpy V-notchimpact tests are to be taken from each test sample.



6.7.1 The castings are to be examined by means of the non-destructive tests required by the applicable Rules or by theSociety on the approved plans; tests may also be required inindividual cases at the discretion of the Surveyor.


7 Stainless steel castings

7.1 Scope

7.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to stainlesssteel castings intended for construction of cargo tanks, pres-sure vessels and piping fittings for chemicals and/or lowtemperature applications.

7.1.2 Unless otherwise agreed, the castings covered by thisArticle belong to class 1.


7.2 Steel grades

7.2.1 The requirements apply to austenitic Cr-Ni steels.Note 1: The steels are designated according to the corresponding

AISI type.Where it is proposed to use alternative steel grade, the spec-ification (chemical composition, heat treatment andmechanical properties) is to be submitted for approval.


7.3.1 The chemical composition on ladle analysis is tocomply with the requirements specified in Tab 9 or theapproved specification as applicable.

7.4 Heat treatment

7.4.1 Castings are to be supplied in solution treated condi-

tion.




7.6.1 The number of test samples required is given in[1.8.2] for individual testing and in [1.8.3] for batch testing.The test specimens for 1 tensile and 3 Charpy V-notch

impact tests are to be taken from each test sample.Unless otherwise agreed, impact tests on the austeniticgrades are to be performed for service temperature below−105°C and are to be carried out at −196°C.

Steel grade Yield stress ReH

(N/mm2

) min.

Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2

)

Elongation A5

(%) min.

Reduction of

area Z (%) min.


Test temp (°C) KV400 LD 200 400 - 550 25 40 − 20 27

400 LE − 40

400 LF − 60

440 LD 230 440 - 590 22 35 − 20 27

440 LE − 40

440 LF − 60

480 LD 250 480 - 630 20 30 − 20 27

480 LE − 40

480 LF − 60

2,5Ni 275 490 - 640 20 35 − 70 34

3,5 Ni 275 490 - 640 20 35 − 95 34






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4





7.7.1 Unless otherwise agreed, class 1 castings are to betested by liquid penetrant and/or ultrasonics, as required,depending on the application.

7.8 Corrosion tests7.8.1 For castings intended for chemicals, the corrosiontests, ASTM A262 Practice E (Copper-copper sulphate sul-phuric) or ASTM A262 Practice C (Nitric acid test) as appro-priate, may be required to be carried out on one piece perbatch.

Tests in accordance with other recognised standards aresubject to the agreement of the Society.

7.8.2 These tests are strictly conventional and do not aim atproviding data on the effective resistance of the steel to thepossible corrosion due to the chemicals carried in actual

service conditions.

8 Stainless steel castings forpropellers

8.1 Scope

8.1.1 The requirements of this Article are applicable to themoulding, casting, inspection and repair procedures of newcast stainless steel propellers, blades and bosses.

8.1.2 The castings covered by this Article belong to class 1.

8.1.3 These requirements may also be applied for the repairand inspection of propellers which become damaged dur-ing service.


8.2.1 Typical cast steel propeller alloys are grouped intofour types depending on their chemical composition asgiven in Tab 11. The chemical composition is to complywith the requirements of Tab 11 or the approved specifica-tion, as appropriate.

8.3 Heat treatment

8.3.1 Castings made of martensitic stainless steel grades areto be austenitized and tempered. Castings made of auste-nitic stainless steel grades are to be solution treated.


8.4.1 The mechanical properties are to comply with thevalues given in Tab 12 or the approved specification, asappropriate.


8.5.1 The test samples are to be cast integral with the cast-ing represented. The test samples are to be detached fromthe casting after completion of the final heat treatment andby non-thermal procedures.

8.5.2 One set of tests is to be made on material represent-ing each casting.

8.5.3 As an alternative to [8.5.1], where a number of smallpropellers of about the same size, and less than one meterin diameter, are made from one cast and heat treated in thesame furnace charge, a batch testing procedure may beadopted using separately cast test samples of suitabledimensions. At least one set of tests is to be made for eachmultiple of five castings in the batch.


Chemical composition (%)

C max Mn max Si max P max S max Cr Ni Mo Others

304L 0,030 2,0 1,5 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 21,0 8,0 - 12,0 −

304 0,080 2,0 1,5 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 21,0 8,0 - 12,0 −

316L 0,030 2,0 1,5 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 21,0 9,0 - 13,0 2,0 - 3,0

316 0,080 2,0 1,5 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 21,0 9,0 - 13,0 2,0 - 3,0

347 0,080 2,0 1,5 0,040 0,030 17,0 - 21,0 9,0 - 13,0 − 10xC ≤ Nb ≤ 0,80


Yield strengthRp1,0 (N/mm2) min.


Elong. A5

(%) min.Reduction of

area Z (%) min.Average impact energy min.

KV at − 196°C

304 L 215 430 26 40 41

304 220 480 26 40 41

316L 215 430 26 40 41

316 240 480 26 40 41

347 215 480 22 35 41






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


Table 11 : Typical chemical composition for steel propeller castings

Table 12 : Mechanical properties for steel propeller castings


8.6.1 The finished castings are to be presented to the sur-veyor for visual examination and this is to include the boreand internal surfaces where applicable.

8.6.2 The dimensions are the responsibility of the manufac-turer and the report on the dimensional inspection is to behanded over to the Surveyor, who may requires checks tobe made in his presence.

8.6.3 Static balancing is to be carried out on all propellers.Dynamic balancing is required for propellers running above500rpm.

8.7 Definition of skew, severity zones

8.7.1 Refer to Ch 3, Sec 1, [3.9].

8.8 Dye penetrant examination8.8.1 Refer to Ch 3, Sec 1, [3.10].

8.9 Radiographic and ultrasonic examina-tion

8.9.1 Where serious doubts arise suggesting that the cast-ings are not free from internal defects, further non-destruc-tive examinations are to be carried out. The acceptancecriteria are to be agreed between the manufacturer and theSociety in accordance with a recognized standard.

8.10 Repair of defects

8.10.1Reference is made to [1.12] [1.13].

8.10.2 Repair procedures

Indications exceeding the acceptance standard of Ch 3, Sec1, Tab 5, cracks, shrinkage cavities, sand, slag and othernon-metallic inclusions, blow holes and other discontinui-ties which may impair the safe service of the propeller aredefined as defects and must be repaired.

In general the repairs shall be carried out by mechanicalmeans, e. g. by grinding, chipping or milling. Welding maybe applied subject to the agreement of the Society if the rel-evant requirements detailed hereafter are satisfied.

After milling or chipping, grinding is to be applied for suchdefects which are not to be welded. Grinding is to be car-ried out in such a manner that the contour of the grounddepression is as smooth as possible. Complete eliminationof the defective material is to be verified by liquid penetranttesting.

Small defects, such as pores less than 1mm in diameter, can

generally be disregarded except where they occur in closelyspaced groups.

Localised pores on the end face or bore of a propeller boss,which themselves do not affect the strength of the casting,can be filled with a suitable plastic filler after the appropri-ate preparation of the defective area. The foundry is to keeprecords and details of all castings which have been recti-fied.

8.10.3 Repair of defects in zone A

In zone A, repair welding will generally not be allowedunless specially approved by the Society.

Grinding can be carried out to an extent which maintainsthe blade thickness of the approved drawings.

The possible repair of defects which are deeper than thosereferred to above is to be considered by the Society.

Alloy type C max. (%) Mn max. (%) Cr (%) Mo (1) max. (%) Ni (%)

Martensitic (12Cr 1Ni) 0,15 2,0 11,5 - 17,0 0,5 max. 2,0

Martensitic (13Cr 4Ni) 0,06 2,0 11,5 - 17,0 1,0 3,5 - 5,0

Martensitic (16Cr 5Ni) 0,06 2,0 15,0 - 17,5 1,5 3,5 - 6,0

Austenitic (19Cr 11Ni) 0,12 1,6 16,0 - 21,0 4,0 8,0 - 13,0

(1) Minimum values are to be in accordance with recognised national or international standards.

Alloy typeProof stress Rp0,2 min.

(N/mm2)Tensile strength R m

min. (N/mm 2)Elongation A5 min.

(%)Reduction of area Z

min. (%)Charpy V-notch (1)

Energy min. (J)

12Cr 1Ni 440 590 15 (3) 30 20

13Cr 4Ni 550 750 15 (3) 35 30

16Cr 5Ni 540 760 15 (3) 35 30

19Cr 11Ni 180 (2) 440 30 40 −

(1) Tests to be made at 0°C for general service and at −10°C when intended for ships with ice class notation.(2) Rp1,0 value is 205 N/mm 2.(3) Minimum 19% when intended for ships with ice class notation.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


8.10.4 Repair of defects in zone B

Defects that are not deeper than dB = (t/40)mm (t is the min-imum local thickness in mm according to the Rules) or2mm, whichever is greatest, below minimum local thick-ness according to the Rules should be removed by grinding.

Those defects that are deepest than allowable for removalby grinding may be repaired by welding.

8.10.5 Repair of defects in zone C

In zone C, repair welds are generally permitted.

8.11 Weld repair

8.11.1 All weld repairs are to be documented by means of sketches or photographs showing the location and majordimensions of the grooves prepared for welding. Weldrepairs are to be undertaken only when they are consideredto be necessary and have prior agreement of the Surveyor.

8.11.2 Before welding is started, the company concernedshall prepare and submit to the Society a detailed weldingprocedure specification covering the weld preparation,welding position, welding parameter, welding consuma-bles, preheating and post weld heat treatment and inspec-tion procedures.

8.11.3 Areas which are prepared for welding are to be liq-uid penetrant tested and independent of their locationalways to be assessed in accordance with criteria for zoneA.

Figure 1 : Weld test assembly

8.11.4 The scope of tests for the qualification of the weld-ing procedure is as follows:

• A test assembly of minimum 30mm in thickness is to bewelded following the welding procedure specification;The type of specimens to be prepared are shown in Fig1.

• The test assembly is to be visually inspected and liquidpenetrant tested. Imperfections shall be assessed inaccordance with [8.8].

• Two macro-sections shall be prepared and etched onone side to clearly reveal the weld metal, the fusion lineand the heat affected zone. The sections are to be exam-ined for any imperfections present in the weld metaland the HAZ. Cracks or crack like imperfections, slaginclusions, and pores greater than 3mm in diameter arenot permitted.

• One of the macro-sections shall be used for HV5 hard-ness testing. Indentations shall traverse 2mm below thesurface. At least three individual indentations are to bemade in the weld metal, the HAZ (both sides) and thebase metal (both sides). The values are to be reported forinformation.

• Two transverse side bend test specimens shall be pre-pared. The mandrel diameter shall be four times thethickness except for austenitic steels, in which case themandrel diameter shall be three times the thickness. Thetest specimen when visually inspected after bending,shall show no surface imperfections greater than 2mmin length.

• Where the base material is impact tested, two sets of Charpy V impact test specimens are to be taken, one setwith the notch positioned in the center of the weld andone set with the notch positioned in the fusion line,respectively. The test temperature and average energyshall comply with the requirements specified for thebase metal.

• Two flat transverse tensile test specimens shall be pre-pared and tested. The tensile strength shall meet thespecified minimum value of the base material.

8.11.5 Welding of areas less than five square centimeters isto be avoided.

8.11.6 For new propellers, the area of any single repair andthe maximum total area in any zone or region are generallyto be kept within the following limits, where S is the bladesurface:

a) Zone A: not generally permitted

b) Zone B and C, single: 0,006S or 60cm 2, whichever isthe greater

c) Zone B (leading edge), total: 0,008S or 100cm 2, which-ever is the greater

d) Zone B+C, total: 0,02S or 20cm 2, whichever is thegreater

~ 3 0 0 m m

m

i

n

.

D i s c a r d

D i s c a r d

M a c r o s p e c i m e n

C V N t e s t s p e c i m e n s

B e n d t e s t s p e c i m e n

T e n s i l e t e s t s p e c i m e n

M a c r o s p e c i m e n

~

4

0

0

m

m

T e n s i l e t e s t s p e c i m e n

B e n d t e s t s p e c i m e n

3

0

m

m






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 4


e) Other zones, total for each zone: 0,05S or 50cm 2,whichever is the greater. Other zones means in particu-lar the following zones:• for integrally cast propellers

- within the bore

- outer surfaces of the boss to the start of the filletradius

- forward and aft end faces of the boss• for separately cast propeller blades

- surfaces of the flange to the start of the filletradius

8.11.7 All weld repairs are to be made by qualified weldersfollowing qualified procedures.

8.11.8 Welding is to be done under cover in conditionsfree from draughts and adverse weather.

8.11.9Metal arc welding with electrodes of filler wire usedin the qualification procedure tests is to be used. The weld-

ing consumables are to be stored and handled in accord-ance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The grooveprepared for welding are to be ground smooth and com-plete elimination of the defective material is to be verifiedby liquid penetrant testing. Slag, undercuts and other imper-fections are to be removed before depositing the next run.

8.11.10 After weld repair, the castings made of martensiticstainless steel are to be furnace re-tempered. Subject toprior approval, however, local stress relieving may be con-sidered for minor repairs.

8.11.11 When welding operations are completed, includ-ing stress relief heat treatment, welds are to be groundsmooth for visual examination and liquid penetrant testing.

8.11.12 The foundry is to keep full records detailing thewelding procedure, heat treatment and extent and locationof repairs made on each casting. These records are to beavailable for review by the surveyor and copies to behanded over to the surveyor on his request.


8.12.1 The Manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-tion which will enable all castings to be traced back to theirheats.

8.12.2 In addition to the indications required in Ch 1, Sec1, [4.1.1], all castings which have been tested andinspected with satisfactory results are to be marked with thefollowing details:

a) Manufacturer‘s mark

b) grade of cast material

c) heat number, casting number or another mark enablingthe manufacturing process to be traced back

d) number of the Society’s certificate

e) skew angle if in excess of 25°; see Ch 3, Sec 1, [3.9.1].

8.12.3 The Manufacturer is to supply the Surveyor with acertificate containing the following details:

a) purchaser and order number

b) shipbuilding project number, if known

c) description of casting with drawing number

d) diameter, number of blades, pitch, direction of turning

e) grade of alloy and chemical composition of each heat

f) heat or casting number

g) final weight

h) results of non-destructive tests and details of test proce-dure, where applicable

i) results of the mechanical tests

j) casting identification number

k) skew angle for high skew propellers; see Ch 3, Sec 1,[3.9.1].






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 5


SECTION 5 I RON CASTINGS

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to grey lamel-lar graphite (GG) and spheroidal graphite (SG) iron castings,to be used for the construction of ship structures, machin-ery, boilers, pressure vessels and piping systems.

The use of cast iron components and the types of cast ironpermitted are either regulated by the Sections of the Rulesrelevant to the construction of the above-mentioned com-ponents, or stipulated in each case.

This Article specifies the requirements common to all theabove cast iron products, while the appropriate specificrequirements are indicated in Articles [2] and [3].

1.1.2 Mass production

For mass produced small castings, the Manufacturer mayadopt modified procedures for testing and inspection sub-


1.2 Casting designation1.2.1 The designations used in these Rules are as follows:

a) a first symbol depending on the type of cast iron:

“GG” for grey lamellar graphite

“SG” for spheroidal or nodular graphite

b) a second symbol representing the value of the minimumspecified tensile strength R m, in N/mm 2.

1.3 Manufacture

1.3.1 All castings are to be made by foundries recognisedby the Society as per Ch 1, Sec 1, [2.1.1]. For this purposethe Society may request to proceed with a preliminary visitof the premises and may ask for preliminary tests.

1.3.2 Suitable mechanical methods are to be employed forthe removal of surplus material from castings. Thermal cut-ting processes (flame cutting, arc-air cutting) are not accept-able, except as a preliminary operation prior to mechanicalmethods.

1.3.3 In connection with [1.1.2] the Manufacturer is tocarry out any tests necessary to prove the quality of the pro-totype castings and is also to make periodical examinationsto verify the continued efficiency of the manufacturing tech-nique. The Surveyor is to be given the opportunity to wit-ness these tests.

1.4 Quality of castings

1.4.1 Castings are to be free from surface or internal defectswhich would be prejudicial to their proper application inservice.

1.5 Visual, dimensional and non-destructiveexamination

1.5.1 All castings are to be cleaned and adequately pre-pared for examination. The surfaces are not to be ham-mered or treated in any way which may obscure defects.

1.5.2 Before acceptance, all castings are to be visuallyexamined including, where applicable, the examination of internal surfaces.

1.5.3 Supplementary examination of castings by suitablenon-destructive testing may be required by the Surveyor.

1.5.4 Dimensions, tolerances and their verification are theresponsibility of the Manufacturer.

1.5.5 When requested in the relevant parts of the Rules,castings are to be pressure tested before final acceptance.These tests are to be carried out in the presence of the Sur-veyor.


1.6.1 At the discretion of the Surveyor, small surface blem-ishes may be removed by grinding.

1.6.2 Subject to the prior approval of the Surveyor, localporosity may be rectified by impregnation with a suitableplastic filler, provided that the extent of the porosity is such

that it does not adversely affect the strength of the casting.1.6.3 Repairs by welding are generally not permitted. How-ever, in certain circumstances and in particular when themechanical strength of the casting is not involved, a repairby welding may be considered.

In such case, all details of the proposed repair together withthe welding procedure foreseen are to be submitted to theSociety for examination and approval before starting therepair.


1.7.1 The chemical composition of the iron used is left tothe discretion of the Manufacturer, who is to ensure that it issuitable to obtain the mechanical properties specified forthe castings.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 5



1.8.1 Except as required in [1.8.2], castings may be sup-plied in either the as cast or the heat treated condition.

1.8.2 For certain applications such as elevated temperatureservice, or where dimensional stability is important, cast-ings may be required to be given a suitable tempering orstress relieving heat treatment. This is to be carried out afterany refining heat treatment and before machining.


1.9.1 Test material sufficient for the required tests and pos-sible re-tests is to be provided for each casting or batch of castings.

1.9.2 Where separately cast test samples are used, they areto be cast in moulds made from the same type of material asthat used for the castings and are to be taken towards theend of pouring of the castings. The samples are not to bestripped from the moulds until the metal temperature isbelow 500°C.

1.9.3 Where castings are supplied in the heat treated con-dition, the test samples are to be heat treated together withthe castings which they represent. For cast-on samples, thesample is not to be cut off from the casting until the heattreatment is completed.

1.9.4 All test samples are to be suitably marked to identifythem with the castings which they represent.

1.9.5 Where the results of a tensile or impact test do notcomply with the requirements, the re-test procedure indi-cated in Ch 1, Sec 2 is to be applied.


1.10.1 All castings which have been tested and inspectedwith satisfactory results are to be marked with the followingdetails:



c) identification mark for material designation, as indi-cated in [1.2]

d) cast number or other marking which will enable the his-tory of the fabrication of the casting to be traced

e) test pressure, where applicable

f) additional optional marks such as file number and codeof the local inspection office, Surveyor’s personal brand.

Modified arrangements for identification and marking of small castings manufactured in large numbers may beagreed.


1.11.1 The testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1,[4.2.1] is to be issued by the Foundry and is to include allthe information, as appropriate.

Where applicable, the reports relevant to the non-destruc-tive examination and pressure test are to be enclosed withthe testing documentation.

2 Grey iron castings

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to grey ironcastings (GG iron castings).

The general requirements specified in Article [1] are also tobe complied with, as appropriate.


2.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed with the Society, separatelycast test samples are to be used in the form of bars of 30mmin diameter and of a suitable length; when two or more testsamples are cast simultaneously in a single mould, the barsare to be at least 50 mm apart as given in Fig 1.

In the case of specific components, test samples of otherdimensions may be specially required.

Figure 1 : Test sample for grey cast iron

Dimensions in millimetres

2.2.2 Integrally cast samples may be used when a casting ismore than 20 mm thick and its mass exceeds 200 kg, sub-

ject to agreement between the Manufacturer and the pur-chaser. The type and location of the sample are to beselected to provide approximately the same cooling condi-tions as for the casting it represents and are subject to agree-ment as well.

5 0 5 0

5

0

5

0

L

ø 5 0

D i m e n s i o n s i n m i l l i m e t e r s

ø 3 0

+ 2

0






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 5


2.2.3 With the exception of [2.2.5] a batch consists of thecastings poured from a single ladle of metal; provided thatthey are all of similar type and dimensions. A batch is notnormally to exceed two tonnes of fettled castings and a sin-gle casting constitutes a batch if its mass is two tonnes ormore.

2.2.4 With the exception of [2.2.6] at least one test sampleis to be provided for each batch of castings.

2.2.5 For continuous melting of the same grade of cast ironin large tonnages the mass of a batch may be increased tothe output of two hours of pouring.

2.2.6 If one grade of grey cast iron is melted in large quan-tities and if production is carefully monitored by systematicchecking of the melting process, such as chill testing, chem-ical analysis or thermal analysis, test samples may be takenat longer intervals as agreed with the Surveyor.

2.2.7 One tensile test specimen is to be prepared fromeach test sample. For 30 mm diameter samples, the speci-men is to be machined to the dimensions as shown in Ch 1,Sec 2, [2.1.7]. In the case of test samples of other dimen-sions, the tensile test specimens are to be machined toagreed dimensions.

2.2.8 All tensile tests are to be carried out in accordancewith test procedures given in Ch 1, Sec 2, [2]. Unless other-wise agreed all tests are to be carried out in the presence of the Surveyor.


2.3.1 Only the tensile strength is to be determined and theresults obtained from the tests are to comply with the mini-mum value specified for the castings supplied. The valueselected for the specified minimum tensile strength is to benot less than 200 N/mm 2 and not greater than 350 N/mm 2.In any event it is to be in accordance with any requirementsindicated by the Society on the approved drawings or in theRules dealing with the relevant parts.The fractured surfaces of all tensile test specimens are to begranular and grey in appearance.

2.3.2 Hardness tests may be required in specific cases as acheck of homogeneity and are to be performed after the testarea has been skinned.The measured hardness is generally to be between 160 and220 Brinell units.

3 Spheroidal or nodular graphite ironcastings

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to spheroidalor nodular graphite iron castings (SG cast irons) intended

for use at ambient temperature.For other applications, in particular when the castings areintended for service at either low or elevated temperatures,additional requirements and tests may be necessary.

3.1.2 The general requirements specified in Article [1] arealso to be complied with, as appropriate.

3.2 Manufacture and condition of supply

3.2.1 The manufacturing process is be approved for cast-ings intended for crankshafts.

3.2.2 In addition to the general requirements in [1.8.2], aferritising heat treatment is to be performed for the specialqualities SG 350 and SG 400.

3.2.3 Where it is proposed to locally harden the surfaces of a casting full details of the proposed procedure and specifi-cation are to be submitted to the Society for approval.


3.3.1 The test samples are generally to be one of the stand-

ard types detailed in Fig 2, Fig 3 and Fig 4, with a thicknessof 25 mm.However, test samples of other dimensions, as detailed inFig 2 to Fig 4, may be required in some special cases.

3.3.2 At least one test sample is to be provided for eachcasting and unless otherwise agreed may be either gated tothe casting or separately cast. Alternatively test material of other suitable dimensions may be provided integral with thecasting.For large castings where more than one ladle of treatedmetal is used, additional test samples are to be provided soas to be representative of each ladle used.

Figure 2 : Type A test samples (U type)

Table 1 : Type A test samples (U type)

Dimensions Standardsample (mm)

Alternative samples whenspecially required (mm)

U 25 12 50 75

V 55 40 90 125

X 40 30 60 65

Y 140 80 150 165

Z To suit testing machine

ZV

Y

U

X R = 5mm

3" taper






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 5


Figure 3 : Type B test samples (double U type)

Table 2 : Type B test samples (double U type)

3.3.3 As an alternative to [3.3.2], a batch testing proceduremay be adopted for castings with a fettled mass of 1 ton orless. All castings in a batch are to be of similar type anddimensions, and cast from the same ladle of treated metal.One separately cast test sample is to be provided for eachmultiple of 2 tons of fettled castings in each batch.

3.3.4 One tensile test specimen is to be prepared fromeach test sample and machined to the dimensions given inCh 1, Sec 2.

3.3.5 All tensile tests are to be carried out in accordancewith test procedures given in Ch 1, Sec 2, [2]. Unless other-wise agreed all tests are to be carried out in the presence of the Surveyor.

Impact tests may be required and in such cases a set of three test specimens of agreed type is to be prepared fromeach sample. Where Charpy V-notch test specimens areused, the dimensions and testing procedures are to be inaccordance with Ch 1, Sec 2, [4].


3.4.1 Unless otherwise agreed only the tensile strength andelongation are to be determined.

3.4.2 The minimum requirements are given in Tab 4. Typi-cal Brinell hardness values are also given in Tab 4 and areintended for information purpose only.

3.4.3 Castings may be supplied to any specified minimumtensile strength selected within the general limits detailed inTab 4 but subject to any additional requirements of the rele-vant Rules of the Society.

Figure 4 : Type C test samples (Y type)

Table 3 : Type C test samples (Y type)

3.5 Metallographic examination

3.5.1 The metallographic examination is required for cast-ings intended for crankshafts.

3.5.2 When required, a representative sample from eachladle of treated metal is to be prepared for metallographicexamination.

These samples may be taken from the tensile test speci-mens, or by an alternative procedure agreed with the Sur-veyor provided they are taken from the ladle they representtowards the end of the casting period.

3.5.3 The metallographic examination is to show that atleast 90% of the graphite is in a dispersed spheroidal ornodular form.

Details of typical matrix structures are given in Tab 4 forinformation purposes only.


3.6.1 In addition to the requirements in [1.5], castingsintended for crankshafts are to be subjected to a magneticparticle inspection. Crack like indications are not allowed.

Dimensions Standard sample (mm)

U 25

V 90

X 40

Y 100

Z To suit testing machine

V Z

X

UUU

R = 5 mm

3" taper

DimensionsStandardsample(mm)

Alternative sampleswhen specially required

(mm)

U 25 12 50 75

V 55 40 100 125

X 40 25 50 65

Y 140 135 150 175

Z To suit testing machinethickness of mould

surroundind testsample

40mini

40mini

80mini

80mini

V Z

U

Y

X






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 5



QualitiesSpecified minimumtensile strength R m

(N/mm2)

Yield strengthRp0,2 (N/mm2)

min.

Elongationon 5 d (%)

Typical Brinellhardness values

Impact energyTypical structure of

matrixTest temp(°C)

KV (J)min (2)

Ordinary 370 230 17 120 - 180 − − Ferrite400 250 12 140 - 200 − − Ferrite

500 320 7 170 - 240 − − Ferrite/Perlite

600 370 3 190 - 270 − − Ferrite/Perlite

700 420 2 230 - 300 − − Perlite

800 480 2 250 - 350 − − Perlite orTempered structure

Special 350 220 22 (1) 110 - 170 +20 17 (14) Ferrite

400 250 18 (1) 140 - 200 +20 14 (11) Ferrite

(1) In the case of integrally cast samples, the elongation may be 2 percentage points less.

(2) Average value measured on 3 Charpy V-notch specimens. One result may be below the average value but not lower than theminimum value shown in bracketsNote 1: For intermediate values of specified minimum tensile strength, the minimum values for 0,2% proof and elongation may beobtained by interpolation.






NR 216, Ch 2, Sec 5








NR 216

Chapter 3

NON FERROUS ALLOY PRODUCTS

S ECTION 1 C OPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS

S ECTION 2 A LUMINIUM ALLOYS






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


SECTION 1 C OPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply in addition tothose of Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 to copper or copper alloytubes and castings including propeller and propeller bladecastings.

1.1.2 Copper alloys and products other than those indi-cated in this Section complying with national or interna-

tional standards or proprietary specifications deemedequivalent to these requirements may be accepted subjectto the approval of the Society.

1.1.3 Where welding is envisaged, procedures and prepa-rations for the welded joints are to be submitted forapproval.

1.2 Manufacture

1.2.1 The manufacturing procedure and heat treatmentssuitable to obtain products having the required propertiesare, in principle, left to the discretion of the Manufacturer.

1.2.2 The manufacturing process is to ensure that copper orcopper alloy products are free from internal or surfacedefects which may impair their proper workability and use.

1.3 Testing

1.3.1 Tensile tests required in this Section are to be carriedout on cylindrical test specimens of the type defined in Ch1, Sec 2, [2.1.4] with a gauge length equal to:


1.4.1 The testing documentation is to contain the informa-tion required in Ch 1, Sec 1, [4.2.1].

2 Copper alloy castings

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to copper alloycastings intended for various uses, with the exception of castings intended for propeller and propeller blades.

2.2 Manufacture

2.2.1 The approval of the manufacturing procedure may berequired by the Society on a case-by-case basis for productsintended for important uses.


2.3.1 Copper alloy castings may be supplied, at the discre-tion of the Manufacturer, in either the as cast or heat treatedcondition unless otherwise specified.

2.3.2 When castings are supplied in the heat treated condi-tion, the Manufacturer is to provide the Surveyor with thedetails of the heat treatment used on the casting.


2.4.1 The chemical compositions are to comply with therequirements given in Tab 1.

2.4.2 The Manufacturer is to issue a cast certificate. Whencastings are made from ingots for which an analysis isalready available, and provided that no alloy additions aremade, the certified analysis made by the maker of the ingotsmay be accepted subject to occasional checks as requestedby the Surveyor.


2.5.1 Mechanical properties are to comply with the appro-priate requirements specified in Tab 2.


2.6.1 Test material sufficient for the required tests and pos-sible re-tests is to be provided for each copper alloy casting.

2.6.2 The batch is to be made by castings from the sameheat, and treated in the same furnace charge if delivered inthe heat treated condition.

2.6.3 In the case of heat treated material, test samples areto be treated in the same way and, in general, together with

the material they represent.2.6.4 For each test sample, a tensile test specimen is pre-pared, machined at the dimensions specified in [1.3].

2.7 Visual and non-destructive examination

2.7.1 All castings are to be cleaned and adequately pre-pared for inspection.

2.7.2 The Manufacturer is responsible for compliance withdimensions and tolerances.

2.7.3 Before acceptance, all castings are to be presentedfor visual examination. This is to include the examination of the external and internal surfaces of each casting of thebatch and, if necessary, the dye-penetrant test for copper-aluminium and copper-nickel castings.

L0 5 65 So, 5d (specimen A)= =






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


Table 1 : Castings - Chemical composition (%)

Table 2 : Castings - Mechanical characteristics

In addition, for certain copper alloy castings submitted toheavy stresses, the Surveyor may require radiographic andultrasonic testing.

2.7.4 Unless otherwise required in other relevant Society’sRules, copper alloy castings submitted to pressure are to

undergo a hydrostatic test at a pressure equal to twice theservice pressure.

The Manufacturer is to issue a certificate for these tests andthe Surveyor may ask to attend all or part of such tests.

2.8 Rectification of defective castings

2.8.1 The evaluation of defects, where present, and thenecessity and the acceptance of the means of rectificationare left to the discretion of the Surveyor; to this end, addi-tional checks may be required.

2.8.2 The Surveyor may accept that castings containinglocal porosities are rectified by impregnation with a suitableplastic filler, provided that the porosities do not adverselyaffect the mechanical strength of the casting.

Name of alloy Cu Sn Pb Zn Fe Ni Al Mn Si P Others

High tensile brass 57/65 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 0,5 rem. 0,5/2,0 ≤ 3,0 0,5/2,5 0,1/3,0 ≤ 0,10 Sb+P+As≤ 0,40

Leaded bronze 80/87(1) 4,0/6,0 8,0/11 ≤ 2,0 ≤ 0,25 ≤ 2,0 ≤ 0,01 ≤ 0,2 ≤ 0,01 ≤ 0,10 S ≤ 0,10

Phosphor bronze 86/89,5(1)

9,5/12 ≤ 0,5 ≤ 0,5 ≤ 0,10 ≤ 0,2 ≤ 0,01 − ≤ 0,02 0,15/1,5

BronzeCu Sn10 Zn2(Gunmetal)

86/89 9,0/11 ≤ 1,5 1,0/3,0 ≤ 0,25 ≤ 2,0 ≤ 0,01 ≤ 0,2 ≤ 0,01 0,05 S ≤ 0,10Sb ≤ 0,30

Bronze Cu Pb5Sn5 Zn5 (leadedGunmetal )

84/86(1)

4,0/6,0 4,0/6,0 4,0/6,0 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 2,5 ≤ 0,01 − ≤ 0,01 0,05

Copper-aluminium

88/92(1)

≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,02(2)

≤ 0,40 2,0/5,0 ≤ 3,0 8,5/11 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 0,20

Nickel copperaluminium

> 76 ≤ 0,20 ≤ 0,02(2)

≤ 0,50 3,5/5,5 3,5/6,5 8,0/11(4)

≤ 3,0 ≤ 0,10 Cu+Fe+Ni+Al+Mn ≥ 99,2

Copper-nickel90 / 10

rem. − ≤ 0,02(2)

≤ 0,50(2)

1,0/1,8 9,0/11 − 0,5/1,0 − 0,20 S ≤ 0,20 (3)C ≤ 0,05

Copper-nickel70 / 30

rem. − ≤ 0,02(2)

≤ 0,50(2)

0,4/1,0 29/32 − 0,5/1,5 − 0,20 S ≤ 0,20C ≤ 0,05

(1) Nickel included.(2) When no welding is to be done on the pieces, Pb content may be in the range from 0,1% to 0,3%, Zn content may be up to

1,0% and there are no requirements for C, S and P.(3) Cu + Fe + Mn + Ni +Pb ≥ 99,5%(4) If this nickel copper aluminium is to withstand sea corrosion, it is necessary that Al ≤ 8,2 + Ni/2Note 1: rem. = remainder.

Name of AlloyRm

(N/mm2)Rp 0,2

(N/mm2) (1)

A (%) on 5d

High tensile brass ≥ 450 ≥ 170 ≥ 20

Leaded bronze ≥ 230 ≥ 130 ≥ 9

Phosphor bronze ≥ 220 ≥ 130 ≥ 6

Bronze (Gunmetal) Cu Sn10 Zn2 ≥ 240 ≥ 120 ≥ 12

Bronze Cu Pb5 Sn5 Zn5 (leaded Gunmetal) ≥ 200 ≥ 90 ≥ 13

Copper-aluminium ≥ 450 ≥ 160 ≥ 15

Nickel copper aluminium ≥ 600 ≥ 250 ≥ 12Copper-nickel 90 / 10 ≥ 320 ≥ 160 ≥ 20

Copper-nickel 70 / 30 ≥ 420 ≥ 220 ≥ 20

(1) Values of yield stress at 0,2% offset are indicated for guidance only and, unless specially requested, are not required to bechecked during the tensile test.

or 5.65 So( )






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


2.8.3 Welded repairs are not acceptable, as a rule, unlessexpressly authorised by the Surveyor.

Any proposal to repair a defective casting by welding is tobe previously submitted to the Surveyor, who may requirethat tests are performed to qualify the proposed welding

procedure.


2.9.1 The Manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-tion which will enable all finished castings to be traced tothe original cast.

In addition to the indications required in Ch 1, Sec 1,[4.1.3], all castings which have been tested and inspectedwith satisfactory results are to be marked with the followingdetails:


b) identification number, cast number or other markingswhich will enable the full history of the casting to betraced

c) test pressure, where applicable.

2.9.2 Modified arrangements for identification and markingof small castings manufactured in large numbers may beagreed with the Surveyor.

3 Cast copper alloy propellers andpropellers blades

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 The requirements of this Article are applicable to themoulding, casting, inspection and repair procedures of newcast copper alloy propellers, blades and bosses.

3.1.2 These requirements may also be applied for the repairand inspection of propellers which become damaged dur-ing service.

3.2 Manufacture

3.2.1 All castings are to be manufactured at foundriesapproved by the Society.

3.2.2 These castings are to be manufactured and tested inaccordance with the appropriate requirements of Chapter 1and Chapter 2 and the specific requirements of this Article.

3.3 Quality of castings

3.3.1 All castings are to be free from surface or internaldefects liable to impair their use. Minor casting defectswhich may still be visible after machining, such as small

cold shots and scabs, are to be trimmed off by the Manufac-turer.


3.4.1 At the option of the Manufacturer, castings may besupplied in the “as cast” or heat treated condition.


3.5.1 Typical copper propeller alloys are grouped into thefour types CU1, CU2, CU3, and CU4 depending on theirchemical composition as given in Tab 3. Copper alloyswhose chemical composition deviates from the typical val-ues of Tab 3 are to be specially approved by the Society.

3.5.2 The Manufacturer is to maintain records of the chem-ical analyses of the production casts, which are to be madeavailable to the Surveyor so that he can satisfy himself thatthe chemical composition of each casting is within thespecified limits.

3.5.3 For copper-based alloys CU1 and CU2, in order toensure adequate cold ductility and corrosion fatigue resist-ance, the proportion of beta phase is to be kept low. For thispurpose, the zinc equivalent defined by the following for-mula is not to exceed a value of 45 %:

Zinc equivalent (%) = 100 − (100 . %Cu / 100 + A)

in which A is the algebraic sum of the following values:

1 . %Sn

5 . %Al

−0,5 . %Mn

−0,1 . %Fe

−2,3 . %Ni

Note 1: The negative sign in front of the element Mn, Fe and Ni sig-nifies that these elements tend to reduce the proportion of betaphase.

3.5.4 In addition to [3.5.3], the CU1 and CU2 type alloysare to contain an alpha phase component of at least 25%;this is to be checked on a test bar by the Manufacturer.

Table 3 : Typical chemical composition of propeller and propeller blade castings

AlloyType

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

Cu Sn Zn Pb Ni Fe Al Mn

CU1 52 - 62 0,1 - 1,5 35 - 40 max. 0,50 max. 1,0 0,5 - 2,5 0,5 - 3,0 0,5 - 4,0

CU2 50 - 57 max. 0,15 33 - 38 max 0,50 3,0 - 8,0 0,5 - 2,5 0,5 - 2,0 1,0 - 4,0

CU3 77 - 82 max. 0,10 max. 1,0 max 0,03 3,0 - 6,0 2,0 - 6,0 7,0 - 11,0 0,5 - 4,0

CU4 70 - 80 max. 1,00 max. 6,0 max 0,05 1,5 - 3,0 2,0 - 5,0 6,5 - 9,0 8,0 - 20,0






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1



3.6.1 The requirements relevant to the mechanical proper-ties are shown in Tab 4.The values given in Tab 4 are applicable to test specimenstaken from separately cast samples in accordance with Fig1, or with any other recognised national standard.It is to be noted that these properties are generally not rep-resentative of the mechanical properties of the propellercasting itself, which may be lower than that of a separatelycast test coupon.For integrally cast test specimens, the requirements are tobe specially agreed with the Society; wherever possible, thetest samples are to be located on the blades in an area lyingbetween 0,5 to 0,6 R, where R is the radius of the propeller.The test sample material is to be removed from the castingby non-thermal procedures.The mechanical properties of alloys not meeting the limitingvalues of Tab 4 are to comply with the requirements of therelevant specification to be approved by the Society.

Table 4 : Mechanical properties of cast copper alloysfor propellers and propeller blade castings

Figure 1 : Keel block test sample casting

H=100mm ; B=50mm ; L>150mm ; T=15mm ; D=25mm


3.7.1 Test samples are to be provided from each cast usedfor the manufacture of propeller blade casting.

3.7.2 The test samples are to be of keel block type, inaccordance with the dimensions in Fig 1, and are to be castin moulds made from the same type of materials as used forthe castings.

3.7.3 Where castings are supplied in the heat treated con-dition, the test samples are to be heat treated together withthe casting which they represent.

3.7.4 At least one tensile test specimen is to be taken fromeach ladle.

3.7.5 The resuts of all tensile tests are to comply with therequirements given in Tab 4.

3.7.6 Metallographic examination of alloy types CU1 andCU2 is to be verified by determining the proportion of alphaphase. For this purpose, at least one specimen is to be takenfrom each heat. The proportion of alpha phase is to bedetermined as the average value of 5 counts. The require-ments of [3.5.4] are to be fulfilled.


3.8.1 Propeller castings are to be visually inspected duringthe various stages of manufacture.

3.8.2 All finished castings are to be presented for examina-tion by the Surveyor, and this is to include the bore and theexamination of internal surfaces where applicable.

3.8.3 The dimensions, the dimensional and geometricaltolerances and their verification are the responsibility of theManufacturer. The report on the relevant examinations is tobe submitted to the Surveyor, who may require checks to bemade in his presence.

3.8.4 Static balancing is to be carried out on all propellers.Dynamic balancing is required for propellers running above500 rpm.

3.9 Definition of skew, severity zones

3.9.1 The skew of a propeller is defined as follows:The maximum skew angle of a propeller blade is defined asthe angle, in the projected view of the blade, between a linedrawn through the blade tip and the shaft centreline and asecond line through the shaft centreline which acts as a tan-gent to the locus of the mid-points of the helical blade sec-tion; see Fig 2.High skew propellers have a skew angle greater than 25°,low skew propellers a skew angle of up to 25°.

3.9.2 Severity zones for low skew propellers are as follows:Zone A is the area on the pressure side of the blade, fromand including the fillet to 0,4R, and bounded on either sideby lines at a distance 0,15 times the chord length Cr fromthe leading edge and 0,2 times Cr from the trailing edge,respectively (see Fig 3). Where the hub radius (Rb) exceeds

Alloy typeProof stress

Rp 0,2 (N/mm2)min.

Tensilestrength Rm

(N/mm2) min.

ElongationA5 (%)

min.

CU1 175 440 20

CU2 175 440 20

CU3 245 590 16 (1)

CU4 275 630 18 (1)(1) Minimum 19% when intended for ships with ice class

notationNote 1: The values shown are related to specimens takenfrom separately cast samples as per Fig 1 or recognisednational standards.Note 2: The 0,2% proof stress values are to be determinedfor all keyless type propeller castings. For other types of pro-peller casting, these values are given for information pur-poses only and, unless expressly required, theirdetermination may be omitted during testing.

B

L

H

T

D






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


0,27R, the other boundary of zone A is to be increased to1,5Rb. Zone A also includes the parts of the separate castpropeller hub which lie in the area of the windows asdescribed in Fig 5 and the flange and fillet area of controla-ble pitch and built-up propeller blades as described in Fig 6.

Figure 2 : Definition of skew angle

Figure 3 : Severity zonesfor integrally cast low skew propellers

Figure 4 : Severity zones in blades with skew angles > 25°

Figure 5 : Severity zonesfor controllable pitch propeller boss

Zone B is on the pressure side the remaining area up to0,7R and on the suction side the area from the fillet to 0,7R(see Fig 3).

Zone C is the area outside 0,7 R on both sides of the blade.It also includes the surface of the hub of a controlable pitchpropeller other than those designated Zone A above.

3.9.3 Severity zones for high skew propellers are as follows:Zone A is the area on the pressure face contained within theblade root-fillet and a line running from the junction of theleading edge with the root fillet to the trailing edge at 0,9 Rand at passing through the mid-point of the blade chord at0,7 R and a point situated at 0,3 of the chord length fromthe leading edge at 0,4 R. It also includes an area along thetrailing edge on the suction side of the blade from the root

to 0,9 R and with its inner boundary at 0,15 of the chordlength from the trailing edge.

Zone B constitues the whole of the remaining blade surfaces.Zones A and B are illustrated in Fig 4.

Projected

Leading

Skew angle

Locus ofmid-chord line

SUCTION SIDE

0.7R

C

B

C

Leading edge

PRESSURE SIDE

C

A

B

C

Trailing

Fillet0 .4 R

RB

CR

0.15C R 0. 2 C R

0. 7 R

PRESSURE SIDE SUCTION SIDE

Leading edge

0 , 9 R

0 ,5 C r

0 ,3 C r

BBA A

A

0 , 9 R

0 ,1 5 C r

0 , 7 R

0 , 4

0 , 7 R

d2

d1

Zone C

Zone A(inside and outside)

1,2 x d 2






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


Figure 6 : Severity zones for controllable pitch and built-up propeller

3.10 Dye penetrant examination

3.10.1 General

Propeller castings are to be cleaned and adequately pre-pared. The dye penetrant examination is to be carried out inaccordance with a recognised standard or an approved pro-cedure.

3.10.2 Extent of examination

The severity zones A as defined above are to be subjected toa dye penetrant examination in the presence of the sur-veyor. In zones B and C the dye penetrant examination is tobe performed by the manufacturer and may be witnessed bythe surveyor upon his request.

If repairs have been made either by grinding or by weldingthe repaired areas are additionally to be subjected to thedye penetrant examination independent of their locationand/or severity zone.

3.10.3 Definitions

Indication: In the dye penetrant examination an indicationis the presence of detectable bleed-out of thepenetrant liquid from the material discontinui-ties appearing at least 10 minutes after thedeveloper has been applied.

Shape of indications: A distinction is made between circu-lar, linear and aligned indications, see Fig 7.

Reference area: The reference area is defined as an area of 100cm 2 which may be square or rectangularwith the major dimension not exceeding250mm.

3.10.4 Acceptance standard

The surface is to be divided into reference areas of 100cm 2

as given in the definitions. The indications detected are,with respect to their size and number, not to exceed the val-ues given in Tab 5. The area shall be taken in the most unfa-vourable location relative to the indication being evaluated.

Figure 7 : Shape of indications

End of the fillet

Zone A

Zone A

Zone A

Z o n e

A

2 0 m m

Section b - b

(including bore holes)

Section a - ab

Zone B

Zone B

a a

(see Section b - b)

Leading edge

Trailing edge

b

a

b

ab

< 3

circular

d

a

b

ab

≥ 3

linear

0 < di ≤ 2 mm

aligned

didn






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


Table 5 : Allowable number and size of indications in a reference area of 100 cm 2, depending on severity zones

3.11 Radiographic and ultrasonic examina-tion

3.11.1 When required by the Society or when deemed nec-essary by the manufacturer, further non-destructive exami-nations are to be carried out. The acceptance criteria are tobe agreed between the manufacturer and the Society inaccordance with a recognized standard.


3.12.1 Repair procedures

Indications exceeding the acceptance standard of Tab 5,cracks, shrinkage cavities, sand, slag and other non-metallicinclusions, blow holes and other discontinuities which mayimpair the safe service of the propeller are defined asdefects and must be repaired.

In general the repairs shall be carried out by mechanicalmeans, e. g. by grinding, chipping or milling. Welding maybe applied subject to the agreement of the Society if the rel-evant requirements detailed hereafter are satisfied.

After milling or chipping, grinding is to be applied for suchdefects which are not to be welded. Grinding is to be car-ried out in such a manner that the contour of the grounddepression is as smooth as possible. Complete eliminationof the defective material is to be verified by liquid penetranttesting.

Small defects, such as pores less than 1mm in diameter, cangenerally be disregarded except where they occur in closelyspaced groups.

Localised pores on the end face or bore of a propeller boss,which themselves do not affect the strength of the casting,can be filled with a suitable plastic filler after the appropri-ate preparation of the defective area. The foundry is to keeprecords and details of all castings which have been recti-fied.

3.12.2 Repair of defects in zone A

In zone A, repair welding will generally not be allowedunless specially approved by the Society.

Grinding can be carried out to an extent which maintainsthe blade thickness of the approved drawings.

The possible repair of defects which are deeper than thosereferred to above is to be sconsidered by the Society.

3.12.3 Repair of defects in zone B

Defects that are not deeper than dB = (t/40) mm (t is theminimum local thickness in mm according to the Rules) or2 mm, whichever is greatest, below minimum local thick-ness according to the Rules should be removed by grinding.Those defects that are deepest than allowable for removalby grinding may be repaired by welding.

3.12.4 Repair of defects in zone C

In zone C, repair welds are generally permitted.

3.13 Weld repair

3.13.1 All weld repairs are to be documented by means of sketches or photographs showing the location and majordimensions of the grooves prepared for welding. Weldrepairs are to be undertaken only when they are consideredto be necessary and have prior agreement of the Surveyor.

3.13.2 Before welding is started, the company concernedshall prepare and submit to the Society a detailed weldingprocedure specification covering the weld preparation,welding position, welding parameter, welding consuma-bles, preheating and post weld heat treatment and inspec-tion procedures.

3.13.3 Areas which are prepared for welding are to be liq-uid penetrant tested and independent of their locationalways to be assessed in accordance with criteria for zoneA.

Severity zonesMax. total number

of indicationsType of indication

Max. number of each type (1) (2)

Max. acceptable value for “a” or“l ” of indications (mm)

A 7 circular 5 4

linear 2 3

aligned 2 3

B 14 circular 10 6

linear 4 6

aligned 4 6

C 20 circular 14 8

linear 6 6

aligned 6 6

(1) Singular circular indications less than 2 mm for zone A and less than 3 mm for the other zones may be disregarded.(2) The total number of circular indications may be increased to the maximum total number, or part thereof, represented by the

absence of linear/aligned indications.






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


Figure 8 : Test specimen

3.13.4 The scope of tests for the qualification of the weld-ing procedure is as follows:

• A test assembly of minimum 30mm in thickness is to bewelded following the welding procedure specification;The type of specimens to be prepared are shown in Fig8.

• The test assembly is to be visually inspected and liquidpenetrant tested. Imperfections shall be assessed in

accordance with [3.10].• Three macro-sections shall be prepared and etched on

one side to clearly reveal the weld metal, the fusion lineand the heat affected zone. The sections are to be exam-ined for any imperfections present in the weld metaland the HAZ. Cracks or crack like imperfections, slaginclusions, and pores greater than 3mm in diameter arenot permitted.

• One of the macro-sections shall be used for HV5 hard-ness testing. Indentations shall traverse 2mm below thesurface. At least three individual indentations are to bemade in the weld metal, the HAZ (both sides) and the

base metal (both sides). The values are to be reported forinformation.

• Two flat transverse tensile test specimens shall be pre-pared and tested. The tensile strength shall meet the val-ues given by Tab 6.

3.13.5 Welding of areas less than 5cm 2 is to be avoided.

Table 6 : Required tensile strength values

3.13.6 For new propellers, the area of any single repair andthe maximum total area in any zone or region are generallyto be kept within the following limits, where S is the bladesurface:

a) Zone A: not generally permitted

b) Zone B and C, single: 0,006S or 60cm 2, whichever isthe greater

c) Zone B (leading edge), total: 0,008S or 100cm 2, which-ever is the greater

d) Zone B+C, total: 0,02S or 200cm 2, whichever is thegreater

e) Other zones, total for each zone: 0,05S or 50cm 2,whichever is the greater. Other zones means in particu-lar the following zones:• for integrally cast propellers

- within the bore- outer surfaces of the boss to the start of the fillet

radius- forward and aft end faces of the boss

• for separately cast propeller blades- surfaces of the flange to the start of the fillet

radius

3.13.7 All weld repairs are to be made by qualified weldersfollowing qualified procedures.

3.13.8 Welding is to be done under cover in conditionsfree from draughts and adverse weather.

3.13.9 Metal arc welding with electrodes of filler wire usedin the qualification procedure tests is to be used. The weld-ing consumables are to be stored and handled in accord-ance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The grooveprepared for welding are to be ground smooth and com-plete elimination of the defective material is to be verifiedby liquid penetrant testing. Slag, undercuts and other imper-fections are to be removed before depositing the next run.

3.13.10 With the exception of alloys type CU3 (Ni-Albronze) all weld repairs are to be stress relief heat treated.However, stress relief heat treatment of alloy type CU3 cast-ings is required after major repairs in zone B (and zone Awhen specially approved) or if a welding consumabledepositing a metal susceptible to stress corrosion cracking isused (e.g. with chemical composition of alloy type CU4).

3.13.11 Stress relief heat treatment is to be within the fol-lowing temperature range:• CU1: 350°C - 500°C• CU2: 350°C - 550°C• CU3: 450°C - 500°C• CU4: 450°C - 600°C

Soaking times are to be in accordance with Tab 7. The heat-ing and cooling are to be suitably controlled to minimizeresidual stresses. The cooling rate after any stress relievingheat treatment is not to exceed 50°C/h until the temperatureof 200°C is reached.

Alloy type Tensile strength R m (N/mm2) min.

CU1 370

CU2 410

CU3 500

CU4 550

~ 280 mm

3 0

Discard

Discard

Macro -etch specimen

~ 2 5 0 m m

Tensile test specimen


Tensile test specimen


Macro -etch specimen m m

Face to be macro etched






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


Table 7 : Soaking times for stress relief heat treatment of copper alloy propellers

3.13.12 When welding operations are completed, includ-ing stress relief heat treatment, welded areas in finishedmachined and/or grinded condition are to be subjected tovisual examination and liquid penetrant test and assessed tozone A.

3.13.13 The foundry is to keep full records detailing thewelding procedure, heat treatment and extent and locationof repairs made on each casting. These records are to beavailable for review by the surveyor and copies to behanded over to the surveyor on his request.

3.14 Straightening

3.14.1 Application of load

For hot and cold straightening purposes, static loading onlyis to be used.

3.14.2 Hot straightening

Hot straightening of a bent propeller blade or a pitch modi-fication is to be carried out after heating the bent region andapproximately 500 mm wide zone on either side of it to thefollowing suggested temperature range:

• alloy grade CU1: 500°C - 800°C

• alloy grade CU2: 500°C - 800°C

• alloy grade CU3: 700°C - 900°C• alloy grade CU4: 700°C - 850°C

The heating is to be slow and uniform and the concentratedflames, such as oxy-acetylene and oxy-propane, are not tobe used. Sufficient time is to be allowed for the temperatureto become fairly uniform through the full thickness of theblade section. The temperature is to be maintained withinthe suggested range throughout the straightening operation.A thermocouple instrument or temperature indicating cray-ons is/are to be used for measuring the temperature.

3.14.3 Cold straightening

Cold straightening is to be used for minor repairs of tips andedges only. Cold straightening on castings made of alloytype CU1, CU2 and CU4 are always to be followed by astress relief heat treatment; see Tab 7.

3.15 Identification and marking3.15.1 The Manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-tion which will enable all castings to be traced back to theirheats.

3.15.2 In addition to the indications required in Ch 1, Sec1, [4.1.1], all castings which have been tested andinspected with satisfactory results are to be marked with thefollowing details:a) Manufacturer‘s markb) grade of cast materialc) heat number, casting number or another mark enabling

the manufacturing process to be traced backd) number of the Society’s certificatee) skew angle if in excess of 25°; see [3.9.1].

3.15.3 The Manufacturer is to supply the Surveyor with acertificate containing the following details:a) purchaser and order numberb) shipbuilding project number, if knownc) description of casting with drawing numberd) diameter, number of blades, pitch, direction of turninge) grade of alloy and chemical composition of each heatf) heat or casting numberg) final weighth) results of non-destructive tests and details of test proce-

dure, where applicablei) portion of alpha-structure for CU1 and CU2 alloys

j) results of the mechanical testsk) casting identification numberl) skew angle for high skew propellers; see [3.9.1].

4 Copper alloy pipes

4.1 Scope

4.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to copper alloypipes intended for condensers, heat exchangers and pres-sure lines.

Stress relief temperature (°C)

Alloy Grade Cu 1 and Cu 2 Alloy Grade Cu 3 and Cu 4

Hours per 25 mm of thickness

Maximum recommendedtotal hours

Hours per 25 mm of thickness

Maximum recommendedtotal hours

350 5 15 − −

400 1 5 − −

450 1/2 2 5 15

500 1/4 1 1 5

550 1/4 1/2 1/2 2

600 − − 1/4 (1) 1 (1)

650 − − 1/4 (1) 1/2 (1)

(1) 600°C and 650°C applicable to CU4 alloys only.






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 1


Table 8 : Pipes - Chemical composition (%)

Table 9 : Pipes - Mechanical properties


4.2.1 Copper and copper alloy pipes are to be deliveredannealed (recrystallised with fine grain). Copper pipes mayalso be delivered hard drawn.

4.2.2 Aluminium brass pipes may additionally be requiredto be given a suitable stress relieving heat treatment whensubjected to a cold straightening operation after annealing.


4.3.1 The chemical composition of copper alloys used forthe manufacture of pipes is to comply with the require-ments given in Tab 8 and a corresponding heat certificate isto be issued by the Manufacturer.

4.4 Mechanical properties4.4.1 The mechanical properties are to comply with theappropriate requirements given in Tab 9.


4.5.1 One series of tests is to be conducted on each batchof 200 pipes coming from the same fabrication and sameheat, and having the same size and delivery condition (heattreatment).

4.5.2 At least one length is to be selected at random fromeach batch for the following tests:• one tensile test• one flattening test• one drift expanding test.

Name of alloys Cu (1) Sn Al Ni (1) Pb Fe Zn Mn As Residual elements

Copper-phosphorus(arsenical or

non arsenical)

≥ 99,85 0,30/0,50 P = 0,013/0,050deoxidised

Tin Brass(naval)

70/73 0,9/1,2 ≤ 0,07 ≤ 0,06 remainder 0,02/0,06 total impurities+ Pb + Fe ≤ 0,3

Aluminium Brass 76/79 1,8/2,5 ≤ 0,07 ≤ 0,06 remainder 0,02/0,06 total impurities+ Pb + Fe ≤ 0,3

Copper-nickel90/10 (2)

remainder 9,0/11 ≤ 0,02 1,0/2,0 ≤ 0,5 0,3/1,0 C ≤ 0,05 −S+P ≤ 0,02total others ≤ 0,1

Copper-nickel70/30 (2)

remainder 29/33 ≤ 0,02 0,4/1,0 ≤ 0,5 0,5/1,5 C ≤ 0,05 −S+P ≤ 0,02total others ≤ 0,1

Special copper-nickel 70/30 (2)

remainder Sn+Pb≤ 0,05

29/32 ≤ 0,02 1,5/2,0 ≤ 0,5 1,5/2,0 C ≤ 0,05 −S+P ≤ 0,02total others ≤ 0,1

Copper-Alu 6 ≥ 93,0 0,15/0,5 5,0/6,5 ≤ 0,02 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 0,3 total impurities ≤ 0,5(1) Silver is considered as copper; cobalt as nickel.(2) When no welding is to be done on copper-nickel pipes, there are no requirements regarding P, S and C, and the Zn content may

be up to 1%, the Pb content up to 0,05%.

Name of AlloyRm

(N/mm2)Re0,2

(N/mm2)

A (%) on

Copper-phosphorus(arsenical or non arsenical)

(1)

≥ 220≥ 230

≥ 270

≥ 100≥ 155

for guidance

≥ 35 (annealed)≥ 20 (quarter-hard temper)

≥ 10 (half-hard temper)Tin Brass ≥ 310 ≥ 105 ≥ 35

Aluminium Brass ≥ 345 ≥ 125 ≥ 35

Copper-nickel 90/10 ≥ 290 ≥ 105 ≥ 30

Copper-nickel 70/30 ≥ 360 ≥ 125 ≥ 30

Special copper-nickel 70/30 ≥ 420 ≥ 125 ≥ 30

Copper-Alu 6 ≥ 345 ≥ 130 ≥ 40

(1) In the case of copper-phosphorus, the tensile test may be replaced by the HV hardness test when this is specified in certainnational standards.

5 65 So,






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2


SECTION 2 A LUMINIUM ALLOYS

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 General

The requirements of this Section apply to wrought alumin-ium alloys, rivets, transition joints and cast aluminiumalloys.

1.1.2 Other standards

Alloys and tempers other than those defined in Articles [2],[3], [4] and [5], complying with national or internationalstandards or proprietary specifications may be consideredby the Society further to detailed study of their propertiesand their weldability.

1.2 Manufacture


Manufacturing processes and heat treatments suitable toobtain products having the specified quality and propertiesare, in principle, left to the discretion of the Manufacturer.

1.2.2 Quality of material

All products are to be free from internal and surface defectsprejudicial to the use of the concerned material for theintended application.

1.2.3 Marking

Products are to be clearly marked by the Manufacturer inaccordance with the requirements of Chapter 1.

The following details are to be shown on all materialswhich have been accepted:

• Manufacturer’s mark

• grade of alloy and temper condition

• number of the manufacturing batch enabling the manu-facturing process to be traced back

• Classification Society’s brand.

When extruded products are bundled together or packed incrates for delivery, the marking is to be affixed by a securelyfastened tag or label.

1.2.4 Certification and documentation

For each tested batch, the manufacturer is to supply to theSurveyor a test certificate or shipping statement containingthe following details:

• purchaser and order number

• construction project number, when known

• number, dimensions and weight of the product

• designation of the aluminium alloy (grade) and of itstemper condition (delivery heat treatment)

• identification mark or manufacturing batch number• chemical composition

• test results.

Where the alloy is not produced at the works at which it iswrought, a certificate is to be supplied by the Manufacturerof the alloy stating the cast number and chemical composi-tion.

2 Wrought aluminium alloy products(plates, bars, sections and tubes)

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to wrought alu-minium alloys used in the construction of hulls, superstruc-tures and other marine structures.

2.1.2 These requirements are applicable to wrought alu-minium products within a thickness range between 3 mmand 50 mm inclusive.

2.1.3 The application of these provisions to aluminiumalloy products outside this thickness range requires the prioragreement of the Society.

The general requirements specified in Article [1] are also tobe complied with, as appropriate.

2.1.4 In the case of ships carrying liquefied gas in bulk, theInternational Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk also applies.

Materials intended for the construction of cargo tanks orstorage tanks for liquefied gases and for other low tempera-ture applications are in general to be manufactured in 5083alloy in the annealed condition.

2.1.5 The numerical designation (grade) of aluminium

alloys and their temper designation are based on those of the Aluminium Association.

Temper conditions (delivery heat treatment) are defined inthe european standard EN 515 or ANSI H35.1.






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2


2.2 Approval

2.2.1 All materials, including semi-finished products, are tobe manufactured at works which are approved by the Soci-ety for the grades of aluminium alloy supplied.

2.3 Aluminium grades and their temper con-ditions

2.3.1 Rolled products (sheets, strips and plates)

The following aluminium alloys are covered by theserequirements:• 5083• 5086• 5383• 5059• 5754• 5456

with the hereunder temper conditions:• O/H112• H116• H321

2.3.2 Extruded products (sections, shapes, barsand closed profiles)

The following aluminium alloys are covered by theserequirements:

• 5083• 5086• 5383• 5059

with the hereunder temper conditions:• O/H111/H112

and• 6005A• 6061• 6082

with the hereunder temper conditions:• T5 or T6

2.3.3 The alloy grades 6005A and 6061 of the 6000 seriesare not to be used in direct contact with sea water unlessprotected by anodes and/or a paint system.


2.4.1 The Manufacturer is to determine the chemical com-position of each cast. Product analysis is to be made wherethe final product chemistry is not well represented by theanalysis from the cast.

2.4.2 The chemical composition of aluminium alloys is tocomply with the requirements given in Tab 1.The Manufacturer’s declared analysis is accepted subject tooccasional checks if required by the Surveyor.

2.4.3 When the aluminium alloys are not cast in the sameworks in which they are manufactured into semi-finishedproducts, the Surveyor is to be given a certificate issued bythe works in question which indicates the reference num-bers and chemical composition of the heats.


2.5.1Mechanical properties are to comply with therequirements given in Tab 2 and Tab 3.

Mechanical properties of the welded joint are lower forstrain hardened or heat treated alloys, when compared withthose of the base material in general. Reference is to bemade to the applicable requirements for approval of weld-ing consumables (see Ch 5, Sec 2, [14]) welding procedures(see Ch 5, Sec 4, [6]).


Grade Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn TiOther elements (1)

Each Total

5083 0,40 0,40 0,10 0,40-1,00 4,00-4,90 0,05-0,25 0,25 0,15 0,05 0,155383 0,25 0,25 0,20 0,70-1,00 4,00-5,20 0,25 0,40 0,15 0,05 (4) 0,15 (4)

5059 0,45 0,50 0,25 0,60-1,20 5,00-6,00 0,25 0,40-0,90 0,20 0,05 (5) 0,15 (5)

5086 0,40 0,50 0,10 0,20-0,70 3,50-4,50 0,05-0,25 0,25 0,15 0,05 0,15

5754 0,40 0,40 0,10 0,50 (2) 2,60-3,60 0,30 (2) 0,20 0,15 0,05 0,15

5456 0,25 0,40 0,10 0,50-1,00 4,70-5,50 0,05-0,20 0,25 0,20 0,05 0,15

6005-A 0,50-0,90 0,35 0,30 0,50 (3) 0,40-0,70 0,30 (3) 0,20 0,10 0,05 0,15

6061 0,40-0,80 0,70 0,15-0,40 0,15 0,80-1,20 0,04-0,35 0,25 0,15 0,05 0,15

6082 0,70-1,30 0,50 0,10 0,40-1,00 0,60-1,20 0,25 0,20 0,10 0,05 0,15

Note 1: Composition in percentage mass by mass maximum unless shown as a range or as a minimum.(1) Includes Ni, Ga, V and listed elements for which no specific limit is shown. Regular analysis need not be made.

(2) Mn + Cr: 0,10-0,60(3) Mn + Cr: 0,12-0,50(4) Zr: maximum 0,20. The total for other elements does not include Zirconium.(5) Zr: 0,05-0,25. The total for other elements does not include Zirconium.






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2


Table 2 : Mechanical properties for rolled products with 3 mm ≤ t ≤ 50 mm

2.6 Repairs

2.6.1 Slight surface imperfections may be removed bysmooth grinding or machining as long as the thickness of the material remains within the tolerances given in [2.7].

2.7 Tolerances on dimensions

2.7.1 The underthickness tolerances for rolled productsgiven in Tab 4 are minimum requirements.The underthickness tolerances for extruded products are tobe in accordance with the requirements of recognizednational or international standards.Dimensional tolerances other than underthickness toler-ances are to comply with a recognized national or interna-tional standard.

2.8 Tests and examinations

2.8.1 Visual and non-destructive examinationIn general, the non-destructive examination of material isnot required for acceptance purposes.

Unless otherwise agreed, the following products are to besubmitted to the Surveyor for visual examination:

• plates for the construction of cargo tanks, secondarybarriers and process pressure vessels

• pressure pipes.

2.8.2 Dimensions

It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to check the materialsfor compliance with the dimensions and tolerances.

2.8.3 Batch composition

Each batch is made up of products:

a) of the same alloy grade and from the same cast

b) of the same product form and similar dimensions (forplates, the same thickness)

c) manufactured by the same process

d) having been submitted simultaneously to the same tem-per condition.

Grade Temper condition Thickness t(mm)

Yield strength Rp 0,2 min(N/mm2)

Tensile strength Rm minor range (N/mm 2)

Elongation min (%) (1)

A50 mm A5d

5083

0 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 125 275 - 350 16 14

H112 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 125 275 12 10H116 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 215 305 10 10

H321 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 215 - 295 305 - 385 12 10

5383

O 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 145 290 17

H116 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 220 305 10 10

H321 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 220 305 10 10

5059

O 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 160 330 24

H1163 ≤ t ≤ 20 270 370 10 10

20 < t ≤ 50 260 360 10 10

H3213 ≤ t ≤ 20 270 370 10 10

20 < t ≤ 50 260 360 10 10

5086

O 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 95 240 - 305 16 14

H1123 ≤ t ≤ 12,5 125 250 8

12,5 < t ≤ 50 105 240 9

H116 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 195 275 10 (2) 9

5754 O 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 80 190 - 240 18 17

5456

O3 ≤ t ≤ 6,3 130 - 205 290 - 365 16

6,3 < t ≤ 50 125 - 205 285 - 360 16 14

H116

3 ≤ t ≤ 30 230 315 10 10

30 < t ≤ 40 215 305 10

40 < t ≤ 50 200 285 10

H321

3 ≤ t ≤ 12,5 230 - 315 315 - 405 12

12,5 < t ≤ 40 215 - 305 305 - 385 10

40 < t ≤ 50 200 - 295 285 - 370 10

(1) Elongation in 50 mm applies for thicknesses up to and including 12,5 mm and in 5d for thicknesses over 12,5 mm.(2) 8% for thicknesses up to and including 6,3 mm.






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2


Table 3 : Mechanical properties for extruded products with 3 mm ″ t ≤ 50 mm

Table 4 : Under thickness tolerances

for rolled products

2.8.4 Sampling

Tests samples are to be taken:

a) at one third of the width from a longitudinal edge of rolled products

b) in the range from 1/3 to 1/2 of the distance from theedge to the centre of the thickest part of extruded prod-ucts.

Test samples are to be taken so that the orientation of testspecimens is as follows:

a) Rolled products (plates, sheets)

Normally, tests in the transverse direction are required.If the width is insufficient to obtain transverse test speci-mens, or in the case of strain hardening alloys, tests inthe longitudinal direction are permitted.

b) Extruded products

Extruded products or extruded drawn materials (pipes,bars, miscellaneous sections) are tested in the longitudi-nal direction.

After removal of test samples, each test specimen is tobe marked so that its original identity, location and ori-entation are maintained.

2.8.5 Tensile tests

The requirements are detailed in [2.9].

2.8.6 Corrosion tests

The requirements are detailed in [2.11].

2.8.7 Verification of proper fusion of press welds forclosed profiles

The manufacturer has to demonstrate by macrosection testsor drift expansion tests (see [2.10]) of closed profiles thatthere is no lack of fusion at the press weld.

Every fifth profile is to be sampled after heat treatment. Oneprofile is to be sampled from batches of five profiles or less.

Profiles with length exceeding 6m is to be sampled everyprofile in the start of the production. The number of tests

may be reduced to every fifth profile if the results from thefirst 3-5 profiles are found acceptable.

Each profile sampled will have two samples cut from thefront and back end of the production profile.

Grade Temper condition Thickness t (mm) Yield strength Rp 0,2 min(N/mm2)

Tensile strength R m minor range (N/mm 2)

Elongation min (%) (1) (2)

A50mm A5d

5083

0 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 110 270 - 350 14 12

H111 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 165 275 12 10

H112 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 110 270 12 10

5383

0 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 145 290 17 17

H111 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 145 290 17 17

H112 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 190 310 13

5059 H112 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 200 330 10

5086

0 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 95 240 - 315 14 12

H111 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 145 250 12 10

H112 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 95 240 12 10

6005A

T5 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 215 260 9 8

T63 ≤ t ≤ 10 215 260 8 6

10 < t ≤ 50 200 250 8 6

6061 T6 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 240 260 10 8

6082

T5 3 ≤ t ≤ 50 230 270 8 6

T63 ≤ t ≤ 5 250 290 6

5 < t ≤ 50 260 310 10 8

(1) The values are applicable for longitudinal and transverse tensile test specimens as well.(2) Elongation in 50 mm applies for thicknesses up to and including 12,5 mm and in 5d for thicknesses over 12,5 mm.

Nominalthickness

(mm)

Thickness tolerances for nominal width(mm)

up to 1500 from 1500to 2000

from 2000to 3500

from 3 to 4 0,10 0,15 0,15

from 4 to 8 0,20 0,20 0,25

from 8 to 12 0,25 0,25 0,25

from 12 to 20 0,35 0,40 0,50

from 20 to 50 0,45 0,50 0,65






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2


2.9 Tensile test

2.9.1 GeneralThe test specimens and procedures are to be in accordancewith Ch 1, Sec 2, [2].

2.9.2 Number of tensile test specimens

a) Rolled productsOne tensile test specimen is to be taken from each batchof the product. If the weight of one batch exceeds2000 kg, one extra tensile test specimen is to be takenfrom every 2000 kg of the product or fraction thereof, ineach batch.For single plates or for coils weighing more than2000 kg each, only one tensile test specimen per plateor coil is to be taken.For plates to be used in the construction of cargo tanks,secondary barriers and process pressure vessels with

design temperatures below −55°C, one tensile test spec-imen is to be taken from each plate.

b) Extruded productsFor the products with a nominal weight of less than1 kg/m, one tensile test specimen is to be taken fromeach 1000 kg, or fraction thereof, in each batch. Fornominal weights between 1 and 5 kg/m, one tensile testis to be taken from each 2000 kg or fraction thereof, ineach batch. If the nominal weight exceeds 5 kg/m, onetensile test specimen is to be taken for each 3000 kg of the product or fraction thereof, in each batch.For pipes, one test sample from each batch is to be

taken.Batches are to be made up of no more than 50 pipes of the same diameter and wall thickness, manufacturedfrom the same cast with the same final condition or heattreatment.At the discretion of the Surveyor, pipes having slightlydifferent diameters and/or thicknesses may be includedin the same batch.

2.9.3 Location of tensile test specimenThe location of test specimens is to be in accordance withCh 1, Sec 2, [2].

2.10 Drift expansion tests

2.10.1 GeneralWhen required (see [2.8.7]), the tests are to be carried outin accordance with the requirements of this Article.

2.10.2 Test specimensThe test specimens are to be cut with the ends perpendicu-lar to the axis of the profile. The edges of the end may berounded by filing.

The specimen is to be in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2,[7.2].

2.10.3 Test procedureThe test is to be carried out at ambient temperature. The testprocedure is to be in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2, [7.2]with a mandrel angle of at least 60°.

2.10.4 Test resultThe sample is considered to be unacceptable if the samplefails with a clean split along the weld line which confirmslack of fusion.

2.11 Corrosion tests2.11.1 Rolled 5xxx alloys of type 5083, 5383, 5059, 5086and 5456 in the H116 and H321 tempers intended for usein marine hull construction or in marine applications wherefrequent direct contact with seawater is expected are to becorrosion tested with respect to exfoliation and intergranu-lar corrosion resistance.

2.11.2 The manufacturers have to establish the relationshipbetween microstructure and resistance to corrosion whenthe above alloys are approved. A reference photomicro-graph taken at 500x is to be established for each of the alloytempers and thickness ranges relevant. The reference photo-

graphs are to be taken from samples which have exhibitedno evidence of exfoliation corrosion at a pitting ration of PBor better, when subjected to the test described in ASTMG66 (ASSET). The samples are also to have exhibited resist-ance to intergranular corrosion at a mass loss not greaterthan 15 mg/cm 2, when subjected to the test described inASTM G67. Upon satisfactory establishment of the relation-ship between microstructure and resistance to corrosion,the master photomicrographs and the results of the corro-sion tests are to be submitted to the Society for approval.The manufacturer is responsible to maintain the productionpractices unchanged after approval of the reference micro-graphs.Other test methods may also be accepted at the discretionof the Society.

2.11.3 For batch acceptance of 5xxx alloys in the H116and H321 tempers, metallographic examination of onesample selected from mid width at one end of a coil or ran-dom sheet or plate is to be carried out.A longitudinal section perpendicular to the rolled surface isto be prepared for metallographic examination.The microstructure of the sample is to be compared to thereference photomicrograph of acceptable material in thepresence of the Surveyor. If the microstructure shows evi-dence of continuous grain boundary network of aluminium-magnesium precipitate in excess of the reference photomi-crographs of acceptable material, the batch is either to berejected or tested for exfoliation-corrosion resistance sub-

ject to the agreement of the Surveyor. In that case, the cor-rosion tests are to be in accordance with ASTM G66 andG67 or equivalent standards. If the results from testing sat-isfy the acceptance criteria stated in [2.11.2]As an alternative to metallographic examination, each batchmay be tested for exfoliation-corrosion resistance and inter-granular corrosion resistance, in accordance with ASTM G66and G67 or equivalent standards accepted by the Society.

2.11.4 When the products have been tested with satisfac-tory results in accordance with this article, the mark “M” isto be added after the temper condition e.g. 5083 H321 Mfor subsequent reporting and marking (see [1.2.3] and[1.2.4]).






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2



2.12.1 When the tensile test from the first piece selected inaccordance with [2.9.2] fails to meet the requirements, twofurther tensile tests may be made from the same piece. If both of these additional tests are satisfactory, this piece andthe remaining pieces from the same batch may be accepted.

2.12.2 If one or both of the additional tests referred to in[2.12.1] is/are unsatisfactory, the piece is to be rejected, butthe remaining material from the same batch may beaccepted, provided that two of the remaining pieces in thebatch selected in the same way are tested with satisfactoryresults.If unsatisfactory results are obtained from either of thesetwo pieces, then the batch of material is rejected.

2.12.3 In the event of any material bearing the Society’sbrand failing to comply with the test requirements, thebrand is to be unmistakably defaced by the Manufacturer.

2.13 Hydrostatic test

2.13.1 Pipes intended for pressure parts are to be subjectedto hydrostatic testing.Unless otherwise required, the test pressure is to be at least1,5 times the maximum working pressure.

3 Rivets

3.1 Application

3.1.1 Generality

The requirements of this Article apply to aluminium alloyrivets intended for use in the construction of marine struc-tures.

3.2 Chemical composition and heat treat-ment

3.2.1 For rivets or rivet bars which are made up of magne-sium alloys, the magnesium content is not to exceed a max-imum of 3,9%.

Table 5 : Chemical composition, percentage

In particular, the chemical composition of bars used for themanufacture of rivets is to comply with the requirements of Tab 5.

3.3 Heat treatment

3.3.1 Rivets are to be supplied in the following conditions:

5154A - annealed

6082 - solution treated.

3.4 Test material

3.4.1 Bars intended for the manufacture of rivets are to bepresented for testing in batches of no more than 250 kg.

The material in each batch is to be of the same alloy, manu-facturing process and final heat treatment and have thesame or a comparable diameter. One test sample is to betaken from each batch and, prior to testing, heat treated infull cross-section and in a manner simulating the heat treat-ment applied to the finished rivets.


3.5.1 At least one tensile specimen and one flattening testspecimen are to be prepared from each test sample.

3.5.2 The tensile test specimen is to be a short length of barhaving the original diameter of the product.

3.5.3 The flattening test consists of compressing the speci-men between two rigid and parallel flat plates in a directionperpendicular to its longitudinal axis; the plates are to coverthe whole specimen after flattening.

The flattening test specimen is to consist of a full section of bar having the original diameter of the product and a lengthof 1,5 times the diameter cut from the bar.

The test is to be continued until the distance between thetwo plates, measured under load, reaches a value corre-sponding to one half of the original length of the specimen.

The test is to be performed at ambient temperature.

The result of the test is satisfactory if, after compression, thespecimen is free from cracks.

3.5.4 The results of tensile tests are to comply with theappropriate requirements of Tab 6.

3.5.5 At least three samples are to be selected from eachconsignment of manufactured rivets. Flattening tests asdetailed in [3.5.3] are to be carried out on each sample.


Element 5154A 6082

Copper 0,10 max 0,10 max

Magnesium 3,10 - 3,90 0,60 - 1,20

Silicon 0,50 max 0,70 - 1,30

Iron 0,50 max 0,50 max

Manganese 0,10 - 0,50 0,40 - 1,00

Zinc 0,20 max 0,20 max

Chromium 0,25 max 0,25 max

Titanium 0,20 max 0,10 max

Other elements: eachtotal

0,05 max0,15 max

0,05 max0,15 max

Aluminium remainder remainder

Mechanical properties 5154A 6082

0,2% proof stress (N/mm2

) min 90 120Tensile strength (N/mm 2) min 220 190

18 16Elongation (%) on 5 65 Somin,






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2


3.6 Identification

3.6.1 Each package of manufactured rivets is to be identi-fied with attached labels giving the following details:


b) alloy gradec) rivet size.

3.7 Certification

3.7.1 The test certificate for each consignment of manufac-tured rivets is to include the following particulars:

a) purchaser’s name and order number

b) description and dimensions

c) specification of the alloy.

4 Transition joints

4.1 General

4.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to explosionbonded composite aluminium/steel transition joints used forthe connection of aluminium structures to steel plating.

4.2 Manufacture

4.2.1 Transition joints are to be manufactured at workswhich are approved by the Society. The specification of the

Manufacturer is to be submitted for approval. The maxi-mum temperature allowable at the interface during weldingis to be indicated; approval tests are required.

4.2.2 The aluminium material is to comply with therequirements of [2] and the steel is to be of an appropriategrade complying with the requirements of Ch 2, Sec 1.

4.3 Visual and non-destructive examination

4.3.1 Each composite plate is to be subjected to visual of all surfaces and full ultrasonic examination in accordancewith a recognised standard accepted by the Society to

determine the extent of any unbonded areas. The latter areunacceptable and any such area plus 25 mm of surroundingsound material is to be discarded.

4.4 Inspection

4.4.1 The series of tests includes, from each end of oneplate in a batch of three plates:

• one through thickness tensile test• one shear test• one bend test.

4.4.2 Tests are made on specimens equivalent to thosespecified at the approval.

The results of these tests are to comply with the require-ments of the manufacturing specification.

5 Aluminium alloy castings

5.1 General

5.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to aluminium

alloy castings used in the construction of hulls and othermarine structures, and for cryogenic applications where thedesign temperature is not lower than −165°C.

5.2 Aluminium grades

5.2.1 Alloy castings may be manufactured with magne-sium, silicon or magnesium-silicon alloys as follows:

a) magnesium alloys: Al-Mg 3 and Al-Mg 6

b) silicon alloys: Al-Si 12

c) magnesium-silicon alloys: Al-Si 7 Mg 0,3; Al-Si 7 Mg0,6; Al-Si 10 Mg; and possibly: Al-Si 2 Mg.

5.2.2 Alloys Al-Mg 3,Al-Mg 6 and Al-Si 12 are not gener-ally submitted to heat treatment after casting; this is not thecase for magnesium-silicon alloys which may undergo suchtreatment.

5.2.3 The use of other alloys or of alloys which have beensubmitted to a specific heat treatment is subject to the Soci-ety’s agreement.

5.3 Manufacture

5.3.1 Approval

Alloy castings are to be manufactured at works which areapproved by the Society for the grade of aluminium alloysupplied.

5.3.2 Quality of castingsAll castings are to be free from surface or internal defectswhich would be prejudicial to their proper application inservice.

5.3.3 Visual examinationAll castings are to be cleaned and adequately prepared forinspection.

The visual examination and verification of dimensions arethe responsibility of the Manufacturer, unless otherwiseagreed.

Before acceptance, all castings are to be presented to theSurveyor for visual examination, unless otherwise agreed.

5.3.4 Non-destructive tests

If non-destructive tests are required, the procedures are tobe submitted by the Society.

5.3.5 RepairsAt the discretion of the Surveyor, small surface defects maybe removed by grinding.

Where repairs by welding are necessary, the welding proce-dure is to be preliminarily approved by the Society andqualification tests may be required.

The agreed repairs are then to be surveyed as required.






NR 216, Ch 3, Sec 2


5.3.6 Pressure testing

Where required by the relevant construction Rules, castingare to be pressure tested before final acceptance.

Unless otherwise agreed, these tests are to be carried out inthe presence and to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.


5.4.1 The chemical composition of aluminium alloys usedto manufacture castings is given in Tab 7 and the relevantcertificate is to be provided by the producer.


5.5.1 The mechanical properties are given in Tab 8.

5.5.2 The mechanical properties given in Tab 8 correspond

to the non-heat treated condition. However, the test piecesmay be heat-treated.

In the case of heat treatment, test samples are to be treatedin the same way and, as a rule, together with the materialthey represent.

Generally, only tensile strength and elongation values arerule requirements; the values of yield stress are given forinformation.


5.6.1 At least one tensile specimen is to be tested from

each batch.

Batches are to have a total mass not exceeding 500kg andbe made up of pieces having the same or comparable shapeand dimensions, manufactured from the same cast with thesame condition of heat treatment.

The number of pieces in each batch is not to exceed 25 inthe case of castings for pistons and for pressure parts orpieces of considerable importance; a greater number maybe accepted for small pieces, to the Surveyor’s satisfaction.

The homogeneity of batches of aluminium alloy castingsmay be checked by means of a Brinell type hardness testwhen small castings manufactured in large quantities areconcerned.

5.6.2 The test samples are to be separately cast in mouldsmade from the same type of material as used for the cast-ings. These moulds are to conform to national standards, asappropriate.

5.6.3 The method and procedures for the identification of the test specimens, and the casting they represent, are to beagreed with the Surveyor. The identification marks are to bemaintained during the preparation of test specimens.

5.6.4 Where the results of a test do not comply with therequirements, the re-test procedure detailed in Chapter 1 isto be applied. When castings are to be used in the heattreated condition, the re-test sample is also to be heat

treated together with the castings it represents.

Table 7 : Aluminium alloy castings - Chemical composition (see Note 1)

DesignationISO

Si (%) Fe (%) Cu(%)

Mn(%)

Mg(%)

Ni(%)

Zn(%)

Pb(%)

Sn(%) Ti (%)

Others (%)each total

Al-Mg 3 MiniMaxi 0,50 0,50 0,10 0,50

2,503,50 0,05 0,20 0,05 0,05

0,050,25 0,05 0,15

Al-Mg 6 (1) MiniMaxi 0,40 0,50 0,10 0,50

5,007,00 0,05 0,20 0,05 0,05 0,20 0,05 0,15

Al-Si 2 Mg MiniMaxi

1,602,40 0,60 0,10

0,300,50

0,450,65 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,05

0,050,20 0,05 0,15

Al-Si 7 Mg (2) MiniMaxi

6,507,50 0,55 0,15 0,50

0,200,40 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,05

0,050,25 0,05 0,15

Al Si 7 Mg 0,3 (2) MiniMaxi

6,507,50 0,20 0,10 0,10

0,250,40 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,05

0,080,25 0,03 0,10

Al Si 7 Mg 0,6 (2) MiniMaxi

6,507,50 0,20 0,10 0,10

0,450,70 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,05

0,080,25 0,03 0,10

Al Si 10 Mg (2) MiniMaxi

9,0011,00 0,60 0,10 0,50

0,170,40 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,05 0,20 0,05 0,15

Al Si 12 (2) MiniMaxi

11,0013,50 0,70 0,10 0,50 0,10 0,05 0,15 0,05 0,05 0,15 0,05 0,15

(1) This alloy may contain less than 0,04% of beryllium, which is not to be considered as an impurity.

(2) These alloys may contain elements necessary to the eutectic modification with contents of less than 0,20%, which are not to beconsidered as impurities.

Note 1: Small variations in the contents of some elements in comparison to the values mentioned in this Table are possible inagreement with the Society.







NR 216

Chapter 4

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS

S ECTION 1 E QUIPMENT FOR MOORING AND ANCHORING

S ECTION 2 O FFSHORE MOORING CHAIN CABLES AND ACCESSORIES

S ECTION 3 O THERS






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


SECTION 1 E QUIPMENT FOR MOORING AND ANCHORING

1 Anchors

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to anchors and asso-ciated components for ships (heads, shanks and shackles)produced from cast or forged steel, or fabricated by weldingof rolled steel plate and bars.

1.1.2 Types of anchorsThe types of anchors covered include:

• ordinary anchors (stockless and stocked anchors)

• high holding power (HHP) anchors

• very high holding power anchors (VHHP) anchors notexceeding 1500kg in mass

Any changes to the design made during manufacture are tohave prior written agreement from the Society.

1.1.3 Modified testing procedure

For anchors having mass lower than 100 kg, or 75 kg in thecase of high holding power anchors, continuously pro-duced by Manufacturers who have been approved by theSociety for this purpose, a batch testing procedure may beaccepted.

The composition of the batches is to be agreed with theSociety with regards to the homogeneity of material, manu-facturing, heat treatment and dimensions.

1.2 Design

1.2.1 Drawings of ordinary anchors are to be submitted to

the Society for review.Type approval according to procedures agreed with theSociety is required for high and very high holding poweranchors as per Rules for the Classification of steel ships.

1.2.2 The mass of anchors and the percentage of the massof components in relation to the total mass are to be asrequired in the various parts of the Rules relevant to theequipment.

1.3 Materials

1.3.1 Materials for anchorsAll anchors are to be manufactured from materials meetingthe requirements of these Rules as indicated in the follow-ing:

• Cast steel anchor flukes, shanks, swivels and shacklesare to be manufactured and tested in accordance withthe requirements of Ch 2, Sec 4 and are to comply withthe requirements for castings for welded construction.The steel is to be fine grain treated with aluminium.Charpy V-notch impact testing is required when droptests and hammering tests are not carried out (see[1.5.3]). For the manufacture of swivels, the use of othergrades of steel is subject to special consideration by theSociety.

• Forged steel anchor pins, shanks, swivels and shacklesare to be manufactured and tested in accordance withCh 2, Sec 3. Shanks, swivels and shackles are to complywith the requirements for carbon and carbon-manga-nese steels for welded construction. For the manufactureof swivels, the use of other grades of steel is subject tospecial consideration by the Society.

• Rolled billets, plate and bar for fabricated steel anchorsare to be manufactured and tested in accordance withthe requirements of Ch 2, Sec 1.

• Rolled bar intended for pins, swivels and shackles are tobe manufactured and tested in accordance with therequirements of Ch 2, Sec 1 or Ch 2, Sec 3 as applica-ble.

1.3.2 Materials for VHHP anchors

In addition to the requirements of [1.3.1], the followingapplies:

• Rolled plate and bars in welded VHHP are to beselected in accordance with the requirements given inTab 1.

• Material for shackles is to be Charpy V-notch impacttested with an energy average not less than 60 J at 0°C.

• Cast steel used for VHHP anchors is to be Charpy V-notch impact tested with an energy average not lessthan 27 J at 0°C.

Table 1 : Material grade for VHHP anchors

Gross thickness,in mm

Normal strengthsteel

Higherstrength steel

t ≤ 15 A AH

15 < t ≤ 20 A AH

20 < t ≤ 25 B AH

25 < t ≤ 30 D DH

30 < t ≤ 35 D DH

35 < t ≤ 40 D DH

40 < t ≤ 50 E EH






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


1.4 Manufacture

1.4.1 Tolerances

If not otherwise specified on standards or on drawings dem-onstrated to be appropriate and accepted by the Society, thefollowing assembly and fitting tolerance are to be applied.

The clearance either side of the shank within the shackle jaws should be no more than 3mm for anchors up to3 tonnes weight, 4 mm for anchors up to 5 tonnes weight,6mm for anchors up to 7 tonnes weight and should notexceed 12 mm for larger anchors.

The shackle pin should be a push fit in the eyes of theshackles, which are to be chamfered on the outside toensure a good tightness when the pin is clenched over onfitting. The shackle pin to hole tolerance should be no morethan 0,5 mm for pins up to 57 mm and 1,0 mm for pins of

larger diameter.The trunnion pin should be a snug fit within the chamberand be long enough to prevent horizontal movement. Thegap should be no more than 1% of the chamber length.

The lateral movement of the shank should not exceed 3degrees, see Fig 1.

Figure 1 : Allowable lateral movement of shank

1.4.2 Welding

Welded construction of fabricated anchors is to be done byqualified welders in accordance with procedures approvedby the Society in accordance with Ch 5, Sec 4 and usingapproved welding consumables.

1.4.3 Heat treatment

Fabricated anchors may require to be stress relieved afterwelding depending upon weld thickness. Stress relief is tobe carried out as indicated in the approved welding proce-dure. Stress relief temperature is not to exceed the temper-

ing temperature of the base material.

1.4.4 Quality of anchors

All parts must have a clean surface consistent with themethod of manufacture and be free from cracks, notches,inclusions and other defects which would be prejudicial totheir proper application in service.

1.4.5 Repairs

Any necessary repairs to forged and cast anchors are to beagreed by the Surveyor and carried out in accordance withthe repair criteria respectively indicated in Ch 2, Sec 3 and

Ch 2, Sec 4. Repairs to fabricated anchors are to be agreedby the Surveyor and carried out in accordance with thequalified weld procedures, by qualified welders.

1.4.6 Anchor assembly

Assembly and fitting are to be done in accordance with thedesign details.

Securing of the anchor pin, shackle pin or swivel by weld-ing is to be done in accordance with an approved proce-dure.

1.5 Tests and examination1.5.1 General

All types of anchors are not to be painted until all tests andinspections have been completed.

1.5.2 Proof load test

Each forged or cast steel anchor, complete in all its parts, isto be subjected, in the presence of the Surveyor, to a proof load test at the load indicated in Tab 2 depending on themass.

This requirement may be waived for anchors having a massof 15000 kg and over, subject to special conditions agreedwith the Society in each case.

The following mass is to be used in determining the testload:

• for stocked anchors, the mass of the anchor without thestock

• for stockless anchors, the total mass of the anchor

• for high holding power anchors, a mass equal to 1,33times the total mass of the anchor

• for very high holding power anchors, a mass equal totwice the total mass of the anchor.

Testing machines are to be in accordance with requirementsindicated in Ch 1, Sec 2.

3 °






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


The load is to be applied between the shackle at one endand, at the other end, the arm/arms at a point locatedapproximately one third of the length from its/their end. Thetest is to be performed in duplicate, in accordance with thefollowing procedure:

• for anchors having four fixed arms, the load is to beapplied first to one pair of arms and then to the oppositepair, applying it simultaneously to the pair concerned

• for stocked anchors with two fixed arms, the load inboth tests is to be applied separately to both arms

• for stockless anchors with hinged arms, the load is to beapplied in both opposite anchoring positions, and ineach test it is to be applied simultaneously to the pointsof the arms mentioned above.

As far as the point of application of the load on the arms isconcerned, the length of the arm is defined as:

• the length between the tip of each arm and the crown of the anchor, or

• the distance between the tips of the arms and the axis of rotation, in the case of stockless anchors with hingedarms.

For further details on the proof test, see Fig 2.

The difference between the gauge lengths a, defined in Fig1, measured when the applied load is equal to 10% of theproof load and when the applied load is reduced from theproof load to 90% of the proof load, may not exceed 0,01 a.

Table 2 : Proof load test

Mass(kg)

Proof load(kN)

Mass(kg)

Proof load(kN)

Mass(kg)

Proof load(kN)

Mass(kg)

Proof load(kN)

Mass(kg)

Proof load(kN)

Mass(kg)

Proof load(kN)

50 23,2 550 124 2200 376 4800 645 7800 861 17500 1390

55 25,2 600 132 2300 388 4900 653 8000 877 18000 1410

60 27,1 650 140 2400 401 5000 661 8200 892 18500 1440

65 28,9 700 149 2500 414 5100 669 8400 908 19000 1470

70 30,7 750 158 2600 427 5200 677 8600 922 19500 1490

75 32,4 800 166 2700 438 5300 685 8800 936 20000 1520

80 33,9 850 175 2800 450 5400 691 9000 949 2100 1570

90 36,3 900 182 2900 462 5500 699 9200 961 22000 1620

100 39,1 950 191 3000 474 5600 706 9400 975 23000 1670

120 44,3 1000 199 3100 484 5700 713 9600 987 24000 1720

140 49,0 1050 208 3200 495 5800 721 9800 998 25000 1770

160 53,3 1100 216 3300 506 5900 728 10000 1010 26000 1800

180 57,4 1150 224 3400 517 6000 735 10500 1040 27000 1850

200 61,3 1200 231 3500 528 6100 740 11000 1070 28000 1900

225 65,8 1250 239 3600 537 6200 747 11500 1090 29000 1940

250 70,4 1300 247 3700 547 6300 754 12000 1110 30000 1990

275 74,9 1350 255 3800 557 6400 760 12500 1130 31000 2030

300 79,5 1400 262 3900 567 6500 767 13000 1160 32000 2070

325 84,1 1450 270 4000 577 6600 773 13500 1180 34000 2160

350 88,8 1500 278 4100 586 6700 779 14000 1210 36000 2250

375 93,4 1600 292 4200 595 6800 786 14500 1230 38000 2330

400 97,9 1700 307 4300 604 6900 794 15000 1260 40000 2410

425 103 1800 321 4400 613 7000 804 15500 1270 42000 2490

450 107 1900 335 4500 622 7200 818 16000 1300 44000 2570

475 112 2000 349 4600 631 7400 832 16500 1330 46000 2650

500 116 2100 362 4700 638 7600 845 17000 1360 48000 2730

Note 1: Masses shown refer either to stockless anchors or to stocked anchors excluding stocks. The proof load for intermediatemasses may be determined by linear interpolation.

Note 2: For high holding power (HHP) anchors, the required proof load is derived from the Table, using a mass equal to 1,33 timesthe actual mass of the HHP anchor.Note 3: For very high holding power (VHHP) anchors, the required proof load is derived from the Table, using a mass equal to twicethe actual mass of the VHHP anchor.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


Figure 2 : Proof load test

1.5.3 Test programme for cast componentsCast components can be subjected to the following pro-grammes at the discretion of the Society:• Drop test as per [1.5.6], hammering test as per [1.5.7],

visual examination as per [1.5.8] and general non-destructive examination as per [1.5.9]

• Charpy V-notch impact test on material to demonstrateat least 27 J average at 0°C, visual examination as per[1.5.8] and extended non-destructive examination asper [1.5.10].

1.5.4 Test programme for forged componentsForged components are to be subjected to visual examina-tion as per [1.5.8] and weld repairs are to be examined asindicated in [1.5.10].

1.5.5 Test programme for fabricated/weldedcomponents

Fabricated/welded components are to be subjected to visualexamination as per [1.5.8] and extended non-destructiveexamination as per [1.5.10].

1.5.6 Drop test

Each anchor fluke and shank is individually raised to aheight of 4 m and dropped on to a steel slab without fractur-ing. The steel slab is to be suitable to resist the impact of thedropped component.

1.5.7 Hammering testAfter the drop test, hammering tests are carried out on eachanchor fluke and shank, which is slung clear of the ground,using a non-metallic sling, and hammered to check thesoundness of the component. A hammer of at least 3 kg

mass is to be used.1.5.8 Visual examinationAfter proof loading visual inspection of all accessible sur-faces is to be carried out.

1.5.9 General non-destructive examinationWhen required general non-destructive examination is tobe carried out after proof load test as indicated in Tab 3depending on the type of anchor.

Table 3 : General NDE forordinary, HHP and VHHP anchors

1.5.10 Extended non-destructive examination

When required extended non-destructive examination is tobe carried out after proof load test as indicated in Tab 4.

Table 4 : Extended NDE forordinary, HHP and VHHP anchors

1.5.11 RepairsIf defects are detected by non-destructive examinations,repairs are to be carried out in accordance with [1.4.5].

For fracture and unsoundness detected in a drop test orhammering test, repairs are not permitted and the compo-nent is to be rejected.

1.5.12 Mass and dimensional inspectionThe verification of mass and dimensions is the responsibility

of the manufacturer. The surveyor may require to be presentduring these checks.

The mass of the anchor is to exclude the mass of the swivel,unless this is an integral component.

FOUR - ARMED ANCHOR

STOCKED ANCHOR

STOCKLESS ANCHOR

b

b

b

1 / 3

b

1 / 3

b

a

a

a

1 / 3 b

LocationMethod for

ordinary andHHP anchors

Method forVHHP anchors

Feeders of castings PT or MT PT or MT and UT

Risers of castings PT or MT PT or MT and UT

All surfaces of castings not required PT or MT

Weld repairs PT or MT PT or MT

Forged components not required not required

Fabrication welds PT or MT PT or MT

Location Method of NDE

Feeders of castings PT or MT and UT

Risers of castings PT or MT and UT

All surfaces of castings PT or MT

Random areas of castings UT

Weld repairs PT or MT

Forged components not required

Fabrication welds PT or MT






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


1.5.13 Retests

Tensile and/or Charpy V-notch impact retests are permittedin accordance with the requirements of Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.3]and Ch 1, Sec 2, [4.4].

1.6 Identification, marking and certification

1.6.1 Identification

The Manufacturer is to adopt a system of identificationwhich will enable all finished anchors to be traced to theoriginal materials and their manufacturing.

1.6.2 Marking

Anchors which meet the requirements are to be stamped onthe shank and the fluke. The markings on the shank shouldbe approximately level with the fluke tips. On the fluke,these markings should be approximately at a distance of two thirds from the tip of the bill to the center line of thecrown on the right hand fluke looking from the crowntowards the shank. The markings are to include:

• Mass of anchor

• Identification, e.g. test number or certificate number

• Society’s stamp

• Manufacturer’s mark

Additionally the unique cast identification is to be cast onthe shank and the fluke.

1.6.3 CertificationThe testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1, [4.2.1]is required and is to include all the information, as appro-priate.

Anchors which meet the requirements are to be certified bythe Society.

2 Stud link chain cables andaccessories

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to the materials,design, manufacture and testing of stud link anchor chaincables and accessories used for ships.

2.2 Chain cable grades

2.2.1 Stud link anchor chain cable grades are detailed asfollows according to the steel grade used and the method of manufacture:

a) Grade Q1a, flash butt welded links made in Q1 steelgradeb) Grade Q2a, flash butt welded or drop forged links made

in Q2 steel gradec) Grade Q2b, cast links made in Q2 steel graded) Grade Q3a, flash butt welded or drop forged links made

in Q3 steel gradee) Grade Q3b, cast links made in Q3 steel grade.

2.3 Approval of chain cable manufacturers

2.3.1 The manufacturing process of stud link anchor chaincables and accessories is to be approved by the Society.Provisions for the approval are given in the documentNR480 “Approval of the manufacturing process of metallicmaterials”.Where materials with chemical composition or propertiesother than those given in [2.4] are proposed, their accept-ance is at the Society’s discretion. The same applies in thecase of design of links different from [2.8.2].

2.4 Rolled steel bars

2.4.1 Manufacturing process and approvalApproval of manufacturing process is required for grades

Q2 and Q3. Provisions for the approval are given in thedocument NR480 “Approval of the manufacturing processof metallic materials”.Steel grade Q1 steel is to be cast in killed condition and steelgrades Q2 and Q3 are to be killed and fine grain treated.Steelmaker or chain cable manufacturer is to submit specifi-cations of the steels used for grade Q3. These specificationsare to contain all necessary details, such as manufacturingprocedure, deoxydation practice, specified chemical com-position, heat treatment and mechanical properties.

2.4.2 Supply conditionUnless otherwise stipulated (i.e. heat treatment), the rolled

bars are supplied in the as-rolled condition.2.4.3 Chemical compositionThe chemical composition on ladle samples is to complywith the limits given in Tab 5 and the approved specifica-tion where applicable.

Table 5 : Chemical composition on ladle for rolled steel bars

GradeChemical composition

C (%) max. Si (%) Mn (%) P (%) max. S (%) max. Al tot (%) min. (1)

Q1 0,20 0,15 - 0,35 min. 0,40 0,040 0,040 −

Q2 (2) 0,24 0,15 - 0,55 max. 1,60 0,035 0,035 0,020

Q3 According to the approved specification

(1) Al may be replaced partly by other fine graining elements.(2) Subject to the agreement of the Society, additional alloying elements may be added.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


Table 6 : Mechanical properties of chain cable materials

2.4.4 Mechanical tests

For performance of mechanical tests, the steel bars are to besorted according to heats and diameters into batches notexceeding 50 t each. From each batch a test sample is to betaken and subjected in full diameter to the heat treatmentprovided for the finished chain cable; see Tab 6. Details of the heat treatment must be indicated by the chain cablemanufacturer.

From each test sample, one tensile and when required oneset of three Charpy V notch impact test specimens with thenotch axis radial to the bar are to be taken in the longitudi-nal direction at a distance of 1/6 diameter from the surfaceor as close as possible to this position (see Fig 3).

Mechanical tests are to be carried out by the steel mill orthe chain cable manufacturer or a laboratory recognized bythe Society, as agreed with the chain cable manufacturerand witnessed by a Society surveyor.

When required, Charpy V notch impact test specimens areto be tested at the temperature prescribed in Tab 6 for thesteel grade tested.

The mechanical test results are to comply with the require-ments of Tab 6 for the steel grade tested.

2.4.5 Re-tests

Re-tests requirements for tensile tests are to be in accord-ance with Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.3]. Failure to meet the specifiedrequirements of either of both additional tests results inrejection of the batch represented.

Figure 3 : Sampling of chain cable steel

Re-tests requirements for Charpy V-notch impact tests are tobe in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2, [4.4] . Failure to meet therequirements results in rejection of the batch represented.If failure to pass the test is definitely attributable to improperheat treatment of the test sample, a new test sample may betaken from the same piece and re-heat treated. The com-plete test (both tensile and impact tests) is to be repeated;the original results obtained may be disregarded.

2.4.6 Freedom from defectsAll products are to be checked by Manufacturers in relationto their surface conditions.The rolled bars are to be free from internal and surfacedefects which might impair proper workability and use. Sur-

face defects may be repaired by grinding, provided the per-missible tolerance is not exceeded.

2.4.7 Dimensional check - tolerancesThe diameter and roundness are to be within the tolerancesspecified in Tab 7, unless otherwise agreed.

Table 7 : Dimensional tolerances of rolled bars

2.4.8 Identification of materialManufacturers are to establish an identification systemensuring traceability of the material to the original cast.

2.4.9 MarkingThe minimum markings required are the steelmaker’s brandmark, the steel grade and an abbreviated symbol of theheat. Steel bars having diameters up to and including40mm, combined into bundles, may be marked on perma-nently affixed labels.

Grade ReH (N/mm2)min

Rm (N/mm2) A5 (%) min Z (%) minNotched bar impact test

Test temp. (°C) KV (J) av. (1) min

Q1 − 370 - 490 25 − − −

Q2 295 490 - 690 22 − 0 27 (2)

Q3 410 min 690 17 40 0 60

(−20) (35) (3)

(1) Energy average value of 3 tests. One individual value may be lower than the average value, but not below 70% of the averagevalue stipulated.

(2) The impact test of grade 2 materials may be waived if the chain cable is supplied in a heat treated condition.(3) In general, Charpy V impact tests are to be performed at the temperature of 0°C. At the discretion of the Society, the impact test

of grade 3 materials may alternatively be carried out at −20°C; in such case the energy required, as shown in the Table, is 35 J.

Specimen for Charpy-Vnotched bar impact test

Tensile specimen

d / 6

d / 6

Nominaldiameter

(mm)

Tolerance ondiameter

(mm)

Tolerance onroundness

dmax − dmin (mm)

less than 2525 - 3536 - 5051 - 80

−0 +1,0−0 +1,2−0 +1,6−0 +2,0

0,600,801,101,50

81 - 100 −0 +2,6 1,95

101 - 120 −0 +3,0 2,25

121 - 160 −0 +4,0 3,00






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


2.6 Cast steels

2.6.1 General requirements

Cast steels used for the manufacture of chain cables andaccessories are to be in compliance with Ch 2, Sec 4,

unless otherwise specified in the following requirements.2.6.2 Chemical composition

The chemical composition of ladle samples is to complywith the approved specification. The foundry is to deter-mine and certify the chemical composition of each heat.

2.6.3 Heat treatmentAll castings are to be properly heat treated, i.e. normalised,normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered,whichever is specified for the relevant cast steel grade inTab 8.

2.7 Materials for studs2.7.1 The studs are to be made of rolled, cast or forgedsteel corresponding to that of the chain cable or from ordi-

nary steel grade with a carbon content generally notexceeding 0,25%. The use of other materials, e.g. grey ornodular cast iron is not permitted. Generally mechanicaltests are not required.

2.8 Design and manufacture of chain cablesand accessories

2.8.1 Design

The form and proportion of links and accessories are to bein accordance with recognized standards accepted by theSociety, e.g. ISO 1704 standard, or approved specification.Typical designs are given in Fig 4 and Fig 5. Where designsdo not comply with these figures and where accessories areof welded construction, drawings and specifications givingfull details of the manufacturing process and the heat treat-

ment are to be submitted to the Society for approval.A length of chain cable is to comprise an odd number of links.

Figure 5 : Typical design of shackles and swivels

All dimensions are shown as multiples of the nominal diameter d of the common link.

For swivels, dimensions in brackets may apply to cast steel swivels.

4,2 1,52

6

1 , 8

3 0 , 6 7

1

4

1 , 3

3 , 4

1 , 6

0 , 8

2,8

0 , 6

0 ,5

∅ 0 ,

4

4

0,2 1,3

7 , 1

a - Kenter shackle b - Joining shackle

1 , 4

4 , 6

1 , 8

0 , 9

1,4

3,1

5,2

8 , 7

0,2 1,4

c - End shackle

3,4

1 , 2

7 , 4

1 , 1

4,7

2

1 , 4

3 , 1

3 , 3 5

1 , 7 5

( 3 , 2 )

9 , 7

1,25(1,45)

d - Swivel






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1



Stud link chain cables are preferably to be manufactured byhot bending and flash butt-welding of rolled bars from steelgrades Q1, Q2 or Q3. Manufacture of links by drop forgingor steel casting is permitted.

The stud may be either forced, or forced and secured bywelding, or solid with the link.

2.8.3 Heat treatment and supply condition

According to the steel grade, chain cables are to be sup-plied in one of the conditions specified in Tab 8. The heattreatment is to be performed before the proof and breakingload tests.

2.8.4 Mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of finished chain cables andaccessories are to be in accordance with Tab 6 dependingon the relevant chain cable grade.

2.8.5 Proof and breaking load properties

Chain cables and accessories are to be manufactured in amanner such to withstand the proof and breaking loadsindicated in Tab 11, depending on the diameter and the rel-evant chain cable grade.

2.8.6 Freedom from defects

All individual parts are to have a clean surface consistentwith the method of manufacture and be free from cracks,notches, inclusions and other defects that might impairproper workability, use and strength. The burrs produced byupsetting or drop forging are to be properly removed.

Minor surface defects may be ground off so as to leave agentle transition to the surrounding surface provided theacceptable tolerances are not exceeded.

2.8.7 Dimensions and tolerances

The dimensions of links and accessories are to conform tothe relevant recognised standard (see Fig 4 and Fig 5) or theapproved specification.

The manufacturing tolerances on stud link chain are as fol-lows:

a) The cross-sectional area at the crown of the link is to

have no negative tolerance. The plus tolerance on thediameter at the crown measured out of the plane of thelink is not to exceed 5%. The negative tolerance on thediameter at the crown measured in the plane of the linkis not to exceed:

- minus 1mm when nominal diameter is up to 40mm- minus 2mm when nominal diameter is over 40mm

and up to 84mm

- minus 3mm when nominal diameter is over 84mmand up to 122mm

- minus 4mm when nominal diameter is over 122mm.

b) The diameter measured at locations other than thecrown is to have no negative tolerance. The plus toler-ance is to be in accordance with Tab 7 except at the buttweld where it is to be in accordance with the agreedmanufacturer’s specification.

c) The maximum allowable tolerance on a length of fivelinks, measured after proof load test with the chainloaded to about 10% of the proof load, is plus 2,5%. Nonegative tolerance is permitted.

d) All other dimensions are subject to a manufacturing tol-

erance of plus 2,5%, provided always that all compo-nents of the chain cable fit together properly.

e) Studs are to be located in the links centrally and at rightangles to the sides of the link, although the studs of thefinal link at each end of any length may also be locatedoff-centre to facilitate the insertion of the joiningshackle.

The following tolerances are regarded as being inherentin the method of manufacture and are acceptable pro-vided that the stud fits snugly and its ends lie flushagainst the inside of the link.

Maximum off-centre distance “X”: 10% of the nominal

diameter d,Maximum deviation “ α ” from the 90°- position: 4°.

The tolerances are to be measured in accordance withFig 6.

The manufacturing tolerances on accessories are as follows:

• nominal diameter: plus 5%, no negative tolerance

• other dimensions: plus or minus 2,5%.

Figure 6 : Manufacturing tolerances

2.8.8 Welding of studs

Where studs are welded into the links of flash butt-weldedchain cable, welding is to be carried out in compliancewith the following conditions:

a) all welds are to be carried out before the final heat treat-ment of the chain cable

b) the stud ends are to fit the inside of the link withoutappreciable gap and the weld is restricted to one endonly, i.e., opposite to the flash butt-weld. In general, thefull periphery of the stud end is to be welded

c) Welding is to be made preferably in horizontal positionby qualified welders, following an approved procedure

and using suitable welding consumablesd) The welds are to be free from defects liable to impair the

proper use of the chain. Undercuts, end craters and sim-ilar defects are, where necessary, to be ground off.

a

d

A

=

Off-centre distance :

X = A - a2






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


2.9 Testing of finished chain cables


Each chain cable length (27,5m maximum) is to be subjected to a loading test at the proof load appropriate to theparticular chain cable as shown in Tab 11 and using a test-ing machine approved for the purpose. The chain cable is tobe free from paint and anti-corrosive media.

Should a proof load test fail, the defective link(s) is (are) tobe replaced. If the entire chain cable length is not re-heattreated, each new link is to be subjected to a satisfactorymethod of heat treatment (normalising, normalising andtempering, quenching and tempering) as required, withoutaffecting adjacent links. In such case, extra link is to bemanufactured and tested in the same way as the new linkand subjected to mechanical tests as required by [2.9.3].The repaired length is then to be subjected to a repeat of theproof load test. In addition, the manufacturer shall makeappropriate investigations to identify the cause of the fail-ure.

2.9.2 Breaking load test

On every four chain cable lengths, a breaking test speci-men, comprising at least three links, is to be taken andtested at the breaking load appropriate to the particularchain cable as shown in Tab 11. The breaking load is to bemaintained for a minimum of 30 seconds. The links of thebreaking test specimen are to be made at the same time andin the same way as the chain cable and heat treatedtogether with it. Only after this, the breaking test specimenmay be separated from the chain cable in the presence of the surveyor. The breaking test specimen is to be free frompaint and anti-corrosive media.

Should a breaking load test fail, a further test specimen maybe taken from the same length of chain cable and tested.The test will be considered successful if the requirementsare then satisfied.

If the retest fails, the length of chain cable concerned isrejected. If the manufacturer so wishes, the remaining three

lengths belonging to the batch may then be individuallysubjected to testing at the breaking load. If one of such testsfails to meet the requirements, the entire batch is rejected.

In addition, the manufacturer shall make appropriate inves-tigations to identify the cause of the failure.

If the tensile loading capacity of the testing machine isinsufficient to apply the breaking load for chain cables of large diameter, the Society may agree an alternative testingprocedure upon special consideration.

2.9.3 Mechanical tests on chain cables grade Q2and Q3

The scope of the mechanical tests on finished chain cablesis given in Tab 9.

For grade Q3 and where required for grade Q2 chaincables, one tensile and one set of Charpy V-notch impacttest specimens are to be taken in a link at the side oppositethe weld from every four lengths of chain cable.

For grade Q3 chain cable, an additional tensile test speci-men accross the weld and an additional set of Charpy V-notch impact test specimens having the notch located in thefusion line of the weld are to be taken in a link from everyfour lengths of chain cable.

The location of tensile and Charpy V-notch test specimens isto be as per [2.4.4] and Fig 3.

At the discretion of the Society, additional tests as men-

tioned above may be required for non-heat treated gradeQ2 chain cables, as stated at the approval.

The extra link(s) for taking the mechanical test specimens(or where the links are small, several links) is (are) to bemade as part of the chain cable and is (are) to be heattreated with it. This (these) link(s) is (are) not to be part of the same length as that from which the breaking test speci-men is taken, unless each length is subjected to breakingload test.

The tensile and Charpy V impact test results are to complywith the requirements set in Tab 10.

Table 9 : Scope of the mechanical tests for finished chain cables and accessories

Grade Manufacturing methodCondition of

supply(1)

Number of tests on every four lengths

Breaking loadtest (2)

Tensile test basematerial

Charpy V-notch impact testBase material Weldment

Q1a flash-butt welding AW 1 not required not required not required

Q2a flash-butt welding AWN

11

1not required

3not required

3not required

Q3a flash-butt welding N, N+T, Q+T 1 1 3 3

Q2a, Q2b forged or cast N 1 1 3 (3) not required

Q3a, Q3b forged or cast N, N+T, Q+T 1 1 3 not applicable

(1) AW= as welded; N = normalising ; N+T= normalising and tempering ; Q + T = quenching and tempering.(2) For test sampling, see [2.9.2].(3) For chain cables, Charpy V-notch impact test is not required






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


Table 10 : Mechanical properties for finished chain cables and accessories

2.9.4 MarkingChain cables which meet the requirements are to bestamped at both ends of each length at least with the follow-ing marks, as indicated in Fig 7:

• chain cable grade

• certificate number

• Society’s stamp.

2.9.5 Certification

The testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1, [4.2.1]is required and is to include all the information, as appro-

priate.Chain cables which meet the requirements are to be certi-fied by the Society.

Figure 7 : Marking of chain cables

Table 11 : Proof and breaking loads for stud link chain cables

Grade Base material

Welded area

Tensile test (1)Elongation A5 (%) min.

Charpy V-notch impact test

Test temperature (°C) Impact energy (J) min. (2)

Q 1 The requirementsof Tab 6

areapplicable

25 not required not required

Q2a, Q2b 18 0 27

Q3a, Q3b 14 0 50

Q3a, Q3b −20 (27) (3)

(1) For the tensile and yield strengths, the requirements of Tab 6 are applicable; for grade Q3 a reduction of area is not specified.(2) Average value from 3 test specimens. One individual value may be lower than the average value, but not below 70% of the

average value stipulated.(3) In general, Charpy V impact tests are to be performed at the temperature of 0°C. However, at the discretion of the Society, the

impact test of grade Q3 materials may alternatively be carried out at −20°C; in such case, as shown in the Table, the energyrequired is 27 J.

Certificate No

Society's stamp

Chain cable grade

X X X X X

X X X X X X X

Chaindiameter

(mm)

Grade Q1 Grade Q2 Grade Q3Minimum mass

per length of 27,50m (1)Proof load

(kN)Breakingload (kN)

Proof load(kN)

Breakingload (kN)

Proof load(kN)

Breakingload (kN)

with D shackle(kg)

with luglessshackle (kg)

11 36 51 51 72 72 102 - -12,5 46 66 66 92 92 132 100 9814 58 82 82 115 115 165 122 12016 75 107 107 150 150 215 157 155

17,5 89 128 128 180 180 255 186 18419 105 150 150 210 210 300 218 215

20,5 123 175 175 244 244 349 253 25022 140 200 200 280 280 401 290 28724 167 237 237 332 332 476 343 33926 194 278 278 389 389 556 400 39528 225 321 321 449 449 642 462 45630 257 368 368 514 514 735 530 52332 291 417 417 583 583 833 603 59434 328 468 468 655 655 937 680 67036 366 523 523 732 732 1050 760 750

(1) These values are not mandatory and are given for information only.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


38 406 581 581 812 812 1160 850 83540 448 640 640 896 896 1280 930 91542 492 703 703 985 985 1400 1030 101044 538 769 769 1080 1080 1540 1140 112046 585 837 837 1170 1170 1680 1235 121048 635 908 908 1270 1270 1810 1345 132050 686 981 981 1370 1370 1960 1460 143052 739 1060 1060 1480 1480 2110 1585 155554 794 1140 1140 1590 1590 2270 1700 166556 851 1220 1220 1710 1710 2430 1840 180058 909 1290 1290 1820 1820 2600 1980 193060 969 1380 1380 1940 1940 2770 2120 206562 1030 1470 1470 2060 2060 2940 2255 220064 1100 1560 1560 2190 2190 3130 2395 233066 1160 1660 1660 2310 2310 3310 2570 250568 1230 1750 1750 2450 2450 3500 2715 263570 1290 1840 1840 2580 2580 3690 2900 281573 1390 1990 1990 2790 2790 3990 3150 306576 1500 2150 2150 3010 3010 4300 3425 331578 1580 2260 2260 3160 3160 4500 3620 350081 1690 2410 2410 3380 3380 4830 3880 374584 1800 2580 2580 3610 3610 5160 4135 3980

87 1920 2750 2750 3850 3850 5500 4485 431590 2050 2920 2920 4090 4090 5840 4840 465592 2130 3040 3040 4260 4260 6080 5040 484595 2260 3230 3230 4510 4510 6440 5410 519097 2340 3340 3340 4680 4680 6690 5610 5375

100 2470 3530 3530 4940 4940 7060 5980 5725102 2560 3660 3660 5120 5120 7320 6170 5900105 2700 3850 3850 5390 5390 7700 6540 6245107 2790 3980 3980 5570 5570 7960 6910 6610111 2970 4250 4250 5940 5940 8480 7270 6930114 3110 4450 4450 6230 6230 8890 7885 7505

117 3260 4650 4650 6510 6510 9300 8260 7850120 3400 4860 4860 6810 6810 9720 8630 8190122 3500 5000 5000 7000 7000 9990 9065 8605124 3600 5140 5140 7200 7200 10280 9200 8725127 3750 5350 5350 7490 7490 10710 9870 9370130 3900 5570 5570 7800 7800 11140 10250 9690132 4000 5720 5720 8000 8000 11420 10730 10145137 4260 6080 6080 8510 8510 12160 11575 10920142 4520 6460 6460 9040 9040 12910 12420 11690147 4790 6840 6840 9560 9560 13660 13265 12455152 5050 7220 7220 10100 10100 14430 14090 13195157 5320 7600 7600 10640 10640 15200 15030 14080162 5590 7990 7990 11180 11180 15970 16000 14990

Chaindiameter

(mm)

Grade Q1 Grade Q2 Grade Q3Minimum mass

per length of 27,50m (1)Proof load


Proof load(kN)

Breakingload (kN)

Proof load(kN)

Breakingload (kN)

with D shackle(kg)

with luglessshackle (kg)

(1) These values are not mandatory and are given for information only.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


2.10 Testing of accessories


All accessories are to be subjected to the proof load test atthe proof load specified for the corresponding chain in Tab11, and in accordance with the provisions of [2.9.1].

2.10.2 Breaking load test

From each manufacturing batch (same grade, size and heattreatment batch, but not necessarily representative of eachheat of steel or individual purchase order) of 25 units or lessof detachable links, shackles, swivels, swivel shackles,enlarged links and end links, and from each manufacturingbatch of 50 units or less of kenter shackles, one unit is to besubjected to the breaking load test specified for the corre-sponding chain given by Tab 11 and in accordance with theprovisions of [2.9.2], as appropriate. Parts tested in this way

may not be put to further use. Enlarged links and end linksneed not be tested provided that they are manufactured andheat treated together with the chain cable.

The Society may waive the breaking load test if:

a) the breaking load has been demonstrated during theapproval testing of parts of the same design,

b) the mechanical properties, inclusive of impact energy,of each manufacturing batch are proved, and

c) the parts are subjected to suitable non-destructive test-ing.

Notwithstanding the above, the accessories, which havebeen successfully tested at the prescribed breaking loadappropriate to the chain, may be used in service, on a caseby case basis, where the accessories are manufactured withthe following:

a) the material having higher strength characteristics thanthose specified for the part in question (e.g. grade Q3materials for accessories for grade Q2 chain)

b) or, alternatively, the same grade material as the chainbut with increased dimensions subject to successful testproving that the breaking strength of such accessories isnot less than 1,4 times the prescribed breaking load of the chain for which they are intended.

2.10.3 Mechanical properties and tests

Unless otherwise accepted by the Society, the forging orcasting must at least comply with the mechanical propertiesgiven in Tab 10, when properly heat treated.

For test sampling, forgings and castings of similar dimen-sions originating from the same heat treatment charge andthe same heat of steel are to be combined into one batch.

Mechanical tests are to be carried out in the presence of theSurveyor, depending on the type and grade of materialused. From each batch, one tensile test specimen and threeCharpy V-notch impact test specimens are to be taken inaccordance with Tab 9 and tested in accordance with Ch 1,Sec 2.

Enlarged links and end links need not be tested providedthat they are manufactured and heat treated together withthe chain cable.

2.10.4 Marking

Accessories which meet the requirements are to be stampedas follows:• chain cable grade• certificate number• Society’ stamp.

2.10.5 Certification

The testing documentation indicated in Ch 1, Sec 1, [4.2.1]is required and is to include all the information, as appro-priate.

Accessories which meet the requirements are to be certifiedby the Society.

3 Studless chain cables

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to the materials andtesting of studless chain cables used for ships.

3.1.2 Manufacture

The requirements of [2.3.1] are to be complied with.

3.1.3 Studless chain cable gradesDepending on the nominal tensile strength of the steel usedfor manufacture, studless chain cables are divided into thefollowing grades:• SL1, SL2 and SL3 for steels in compliance with require-

ments for stud link steel grades Q1, Q2 and Q3, respec-tively.

3.1.4 Short and long links

The provisions of this Article apply to short studless linkchain cables.

When long studless link chain cables are intended to beused, the steel properties are to be submitted by the Manu-facturer. The tensile strength and yield stress minimum val-ues are to be specially adapted for each grade, so that thechain cable can withstand the proof and breaking loadsindicated in Tab 12 depending on the relevant chain cablegrade.

As a rule, the use of long links is not permitted for SL3 stud-less chain cables.

3.2 Materials for studless chain cables

3.2.1 Requirements for materials

The general requirements concerning material Manufactur-ers, manufacturing procedure, supply condition, freedomfrom defects and dimensional tolerances are the same asthose given in [2.3.1], [2.4.1], [2.4.2], [2.4.6] and [2.4.7]for stud link chain cables.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


The chemical composition and mechanical properties of steels to be used for manufacturing chains of grades SLl, SL2and SL3 are to comply with the prescriptions given in Tab 6(mechanical properties) and Tab 5 (chemical composition)for grades Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively.

For SL3 chain cables, the minimum tensile requirementsmay be reduced down to 365 N/mm 2 (instead of 410 N/mm 2) for yield stress and 610 N/mm 2 (instead of 690 N/mm 2) for tensile strength on condition that the fin-ished chain can withstand the required proof and breakingloads.

3.2.2 Testing of materialsThe requirements for testing of material for studless chaincables of grades SL1, SL2 and SL3 are the same as for testingof the corresponding grades Q1, Q2 and Q3, given in[2.4.4].However, for grades SL1 and SL2, material testing in the

presence of the Surveyor is not required, and the supply of aworks’ certificate may be admitted on condition that all thebars can be identified with the corresponding certificate.

3.3 Testing of finished chain cables

3.3.1 GeneralStudless chain cables and corresponding accessories are towithstand the proof and breaking loads indicated in Tab 12,depending on the relevant studless chain cable grade.

Mechanical testing on links is required for grade SL3 only.


All finished studless chain cables are to be subjected, overtheir full length, to a loading test at the proof load appropri-

ate to the particular chain as shown in Tab 12. For the loadtest, an approved testing machine is to be used.

Tests are to be conducted as indicated in [2.9.1] for studlink chain cables.

3.3.3 Breaking load tests

Sample lengths, comprised of at least three links and takenevery four 27,5 m lengths or every 110 m from the chaincables, are to be tested at the breaking loads shown in Tab12.

The conditions for execution and separation of the three

link samples are the same as those prescribed in [2.9.2].Tests are to be conducted as indicated in [2.9.2] for studlink chain cables.

3.3.4 Mechanical tests on grade SL3 studless chaincables

For grade SL3, tensile tests and Charpy V-notch tests are tobe performed as required for Q3 stud link chain cables (see[2.9.3]).

Table 12 : Proof and breaking loads for studless chain cables

Chain cablediameter

(mm)

Grade SL1 Grade SL2 Grade SL3 Mass of 100 m of chainProof load


Proof load(kN)

Breakingload (kN)

Proof load(kN)

Breakingload (kN)

Normal link(kg)

Short link(kg)

6,0 6,5 13 9 18 13 26 79 868,0 12,0 24 17 34 24 48 141 153

10,0 18,5 37 26 52 37 74 240 24011,0 22,5 45 32 64 45 90 265 28912,5 29,0 58 41 82 58 116 345 37514,5 39,0 78 55 110 78 156 462 50316,0 47,5 95 67 134 95 190 563 61217,5 56,5 113 80 160 113 226 675 732

19,0 67,0 134 95 190 134 268 794 86520,5 78,0 156 111 222 156 312 928 100522,0 90,0 180 128 256 180 360 1063 115524,0 106 212 151 302 212 424 1268 138025,5 120 240 170 340 240 480 1432 156027,0 135 270 192 384 270 540 1610 174228,5 150 300 213 426 300 600 1788 194230,0 166 332 236 472 332 664 1984 215532,0 189 378 268 536 378 756 2255 248033,0 201 402 285 570 402 804 2396 260535,0 226 452 321 642 452 904 2705 294037,0 253 506 359 718 506 1012 3020 338038,0 267 534 379 758 534 1068 3200 346040,0 296 592 420 840 592 1184 3520 3830






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


The values to be obtained are:• tensile properties: the same values as required for the

round bars used to manufacture the chain cables• Charpy V-notch impact tests: the same as prescribed in

Tab 10 for Q3 stud link chain cables.

No mechanical tests are required on links with a nominaldiameter under 20 mm.

3.3.5 Dimensions and tolerancesThe dimensions of links are to comply with a recognisedstandard. Typical design of a studless link is given in Fig 8.

The tolerances are the same as those prescribed in [2.8.7]for stud link chain cables.

Figure 8 : Studless link for studless chain cable

All dimensions are shown as multiples of the nominal diameter d.

The dimensions in brackets correspond to long link chain cables.

3.3.6 Galvanising in manufactureWhen galvanising is required (mainly for pleasure craft),this is to be made by the hot process, following the standardISO 1461.

The average mass of the coating (for chains above 5 mm indiameter) is not to be under 500 g/m 2. The tolerances givenin [3.3.5] are to be maintained after the galvanising opera-tions.

The required proof and breaking load tests are to be carriedout after the galvanising is completed.

3.3.7 MarkingStudless chain cables which meet the requirements are tobe stamped at both ends of each length as indicated in[2.9.4] for stud link chain cables.

4 Steel wire ropes

4.1 Scope

4.1.1 GeneralThe requirements of this Article apply to unalloyed steelwire ropes, round stranded, intended for warping, towing,rigging and similar applications.

4.1.2 Continuous productionIn the case of continuous production, a specific procedurefor testing and inspection may be allowed by the Society forapproved Manufacturers at their request.

4.2 Manufacture4.2.1 GeneralWire ropes are to be manufactured in accordance withnational or international standards recognised by the Soci-ety. In particular, ISO 2408 Standard is recognised.

The type and size of ropes are to be in accordance with therequirements specified for each application by the relevantpart of the Rules or the approved plans relative to eachinstallation.

Ropes of type and size different from those covered by thisArticle are considered in each case, taking into accounttheir application; see also [4.2.4].

4.2.2 Rope materialsRopes are to be manufactured with wires drawn from steelbillets of appropriate and homogeneous quality; the steel isto be made by a process in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2,[1.2].

Wires are not to show signs of defects and their surface is tobe smooth and regular.

All the steel wires of a wire rope are to be of the same ten-sile grade, generally including those forming the metal core,if any.

As a rule, wires having the minimum nominal tensilestrength Rm in the range 1420 - 1960 N/mm 2 are to be used.The fibre core of the ropes or of the strands may be made of natural fibres (manilla, abaca, sisal, hemp, jute, cotton) orof synthetic fibres (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamid,polyester).

4.2.3 GalvanisingAll types of wire ropes are to be zinc-coated, except in spe-cial cases to be considered individually by the Society andgenerally involving limitation in the use of the wire ropesconcerned.

Galvanising procedures and their results (in particular,

degree of bonding and uniformity of the coating) are to besuitable and to the satisfaction of the Society.

The wires are to be galvanised so that the zinc mass satisfiesthe values specified in Tab 13.

4.2.4 Manufacturing process and facilitiesThe manufacturing procedures and relevant facilities are tobe suitable and such as to ensure production of the requiredquality. The manufacturing procedures of ropes having wirewith nominal tensile strength equal to or greater than 1960N/mm 2 and ropes of different construction are to beapproved for the individual Manufacturers in accordancewith the requirements of the document "Approval of Manu-

facturers".The required tests and examinations are to be performedwith the appropriate equipment and procedures recognisedby the Society; the testing machine is to be calibrated.

3(3,5)

d

5(5,5)

3 , 6






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


Table 13 : Galvanising of the wires of wire ropes

4.2.5 Quality of materials

Ropes are to be free from material or manufacturing defectswhich might impair their intended application, their effi-ciency, or their expected life span; in particular, they are tobe free from oxidising or corrosion traces and there is to beno sign of broken wires, scratching, crushing or defectivetwisting.

4.2.6 Dimensional tolerances

Unless otherwise specified, the tolerances on the diameter

given in recognised standards such as ISO 2408 apply; inparticular, for the ropes considered in these Rules, the toler-ances on the diameter are specified in Tab 14.

Table 14 : Permissible toleranceson nominal diameter

4.3 Types of ropes

4.3.1 General

The wire ropes consist of an assembly of several strands (asa rule, at least six and a maximum of eight, except for non-rotating ropes) laid around a fibre or metal core.

Each strand is to include at least seven wires. In the case of a fibre core, the strands are to include at least two layers of wires.

The following types of ropes are the most commonly used:

a) ropes with 6 equal strands around a fibre core; eachstrand may include either 7, 19 or 37 steel wires (totalnumber of wires: 42, 114 or 222); see Tab 15

b) ropes with 6 equal strands around a fibre core; eachstrand includes a fibre core and 24 steel wires (totalnumber of wires: 144 plus 6 fibre cores); see Tab 16

c) Warrington 6x19 ropes with 6 equal strands around afibre core; each strand includes 19 steel wires (total

number of wires: 114); see Tab 17d) Warrington-Seale 6xn ropes with 6 equal strands around

a fibre core; each strand includes n = 26, 31, 36 or 41steel wires; see Tab 17.

Other types of ropes which may be used depending on theapplications are also indicated in Tab 15 to Tab 19.

4.3.2 Main characteristics

The typical characteristics of the ropes are generally the fol-lowing:

• diameter (of the circumference enclosing a cross-sec-tion of the rope; to be measured with the rope strainedunder a load of approximately 1/20 of its minimumbreaking strength)

• construction (number and type of the cores, strands andwires)

• coating or type of surface finish of the steel wires

• breaking load.

As regards the ropes considered by the Rules, the followingapplies to the above characteristics:

• the wire coating is to be of zinc in all cases

• the minimum breaking loads applicable when testingfull sections of ropes are given in Tab 15 to Tab 19 foreach type of rope in relation to its diameter.


4.4.1 Sampling

Acceptance tests are be performed on each rope length(defined as either one single length or multiple lengths man-ufactured with continuity).

Where the rope length is greater than 10000 m, the accept-ance tests are to be carried out for every portion of 10000 mor fraction thereof.

When the base material used has the same origin and char-acteristics, the acceptance tests required in [4.4] for eachrope length may be performed for each rope constructionand diameter.

Suitable sampling and identification procedures are to beadopted, to the Surveyor’s satisfaction.

The tests and examinations under [4.4.2], [4.4.3] or [4.4.4],[4.4.6] and [4.4.8] are to be performed for acceptance.

The tests under [4.4.5] and [4.4.7] are to be carried outwhen required by the Surveyor as a production check.

4.4.2 Visual examination and check of the diameter

and constructionThe examination and checks are to be performed by theManufacturer and random checks are to be carried out bythe Surveyor to the extent deemed necessary.

Diameter d of galvanised wires

(mm)

Minimum mass of zinc coating (g/m 2)

Class A Class B

0,45 ≤ d < 0,50 75 40

0,50 ≤ d < 0,60 90 50

0,60 ≤ d < 0,80 110 60

0,80 ≤ d < 1,00 130 70

1,00 ≤ d < 1,20 150 80

1,20 ≤ d < 1,50 165 90

1,50 ≤ d < 1,90 180 100

1,90 ≤ d < 2,50 205 110

2,50 ≤ d < 3,20 230 125

3,20 ≤ d < 4,00 250 135

Nominaldiameter of rope (mm)

Tolerance on the nominal diameter (%)

Ropes having strandswith fibre core

Ropes having strandswith metal core

< 8 +7 ; −1 +5 ; −1

≥ 8 +6 ; −1 +4 ; −1






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


T a b l e 1 6 :

M i n i m u m

b r e a

k i n g

l o a d s ,

i n k N

, o f s t e e l w

i r e r o p e s w

i t h f i b r e c o r e

( n o n p a r a l l e l l a y r o p e s w

i t h 6 o r d

i n a r y s t r a n

d s )

C o m p o s

i t i o n o f

w i r e r o p e

C o m p o s i

t i o n a n d

t y p e o f s t r a n d s

1 +

6 +

1 2 + 1 8 +

2 4

F i b r e c o r e +

9 +

1 5

F i b r e c o r e +

1 2 +

1 8

O r d i n a r y

O r d i n a r y

O r d i n a r y

D i a m e t e r o f r o p e

( m m

)

T e n s i l e g r a d e



1 4 2 0

1 5 7 0

1 7 7 0

1 9 6 0

1 4 2 0

1 5 7 0

1 7 7 0

1 9 6 0

1 4 2 0

1 5 7 0

1 7 7 0

1 9 6 0

1 0

3 9 , 8

4 4 , 0

4 9 , 6

5 4 , 9

1 1

4 8 , 1

5 3 , 2

6 0 , 0

6 6 , 4

1 2

5 7 , 3

6 3 , 3

7 1 , 4

7 9 , 0

1 3

6 7 , 2

7 4 , 3

8 3 , 8

9 2 , 7

6 1 , 0

6 7 , 4

7 6 , 0

8 4 , 1

1 4

7 7 , 9

8 6 , 2

9 7 , 1

1 0 8

7 0 , 7

7 8 , 2

8 8 , 1

9 7 , 6

1 6

1 0 2

1 1 3

1 2 7

1 4 0

9 2 , 3

1 0 2

1 1 5

1 2 7

1 8

1 2 9

1 4 2

1 6 1

1 7 8

1 1 7

1 2 9

1 4 6

1 6 1

2 0

1 6 5

1 8 2

2 0 5

2 2 7

1 5 9

1 7 6

1 9 8

2 2 0

1 4 4

1 6 0

1 8 0

1 9 9

2 2

1 9 9

2 2 0

2 4 8

2 7 5

1 9 2

2 1 3

2 4 0

2 6 6

1 7 5

1 9 3

2 1 8

2 4 1

2 4

2 3 7

2 6 2

2 9 6

3 2 7

2 2 9

2 5 3

2 8 5

3 1 6

2 0 8

2 3 0

2 5 9

2 8 7

2 6

2 7 8

3 0 8

3 4 7

3 8 4

2 6 9

2 9 7

3 3 5

3 7 1

2 4 4

2 7 0

3 0 4

3 3 7

2 8

3 2 3

3 5 7

4 0 2

4 4 6

3 1 2

3 4 5

3 8 9

4 3 0

2 8 3

3 1 3

3 5 2

3 9 0

3 2

4 2 2

4 6 6

5 2 6

5 8 2

4 0 7

4 5 0

5 0 7

5 6 2

3 6 9

4 0 8

4 6 0

5 1 0

3 6

5 3 4

5 9 0

6 6 5

7 3 7

5 1 5

5 7 0

6 4 2

7 1 1

4 6 7

5 1 7

5 8 3

6 4 5

4 0

6 5 9

7 2 8

8 2 1

9 0 9

6 3 6

7 0 3

7 9 3

8 7 8

5 7 7

6 3 8

7 1 9

7 9 7

4 4

7 9 7

8 8 1

9 9 4

1 1 0 0

7 7 0

8 5 1

9 5 9

1 0 6 2

6 9 8

7 7 2

8 7 0

9 6 4

4 8

9 4 9

1 0 4 9

1 1 8 3

1 3 1 0

9 1 6

1 0 1 3

1 1 4 2

1 2 6 4

8 3 1

9 1 9

1 0 3 6

1 1 4 7

5 2

1 1 1 4

1 2 3 1

1 3 8 8

1 5 3 7

1 0 7 5

1 1 8 9

1 3 4 0

1 4 8 4

9 7 5

1 0 7 8

1 2 1 6

1 3 4 6

5 6

1 2 9 1

1 4 2 8

1 6 1 0

1 7 8 3

1 2 4 7

1 3 7 9

1 5 5 4

1 7 2 1

1 1 3 1

1 2 5 1

1 4 1 0

1 5 6 1

6 0

1 4 8 2

1 6 3 9

1 8 4 8

2 0 4 6

1 4 3 1

1 5 8 3

1 7 8 4

1 9 7 6

1 2 9 8

1 4 3 6

1 6 1 8

1 7 9 2

6 4

1 6 8 7

1 8 6 5

2 1 0 2

2 3 2 8

1 6 2 9

1 8 0 1

2 0 3 0

2 2 4 8

1 4 7 7

1 6 3 3

1 8 4 1

2 0 3 9

6 8

1 9 0 4

2 1 0 5

2 3 7 3

2 6 2 8

1 6 6 8

1 8 4 4

2 0 7 9

2 3 0 2

7 2

2 1 3 5

2 3 6 0

2 6 6 1

2 9 4 7

1 8 7 0

2 0 6 7

2 3 3 1

2 5 8 1

7 6

2 3 7 9

2 6 3 0

2 9 6 5

3 2 8 3

2 0 8 3

2 3 0 3

2 5 9 7

2 8 7 6

N o

t e 1 : F o r w

i r e r o p e s w

i t h m e t a l c o r e ,

t h e m

i n i m u m

b r e a k i n g l o a d s g i v e n

i n t h i s t a b l e a r e

t o b e i n c r e a s e d b y 8 %

.

F o r p r e f o r m e d w

i r e r o p e s ,

t h e v a l u e s

i n t h e

t a b l e a r e

t o b e r e d u c e d

b y 3 %

.

6 x 6

1

6 x

2 4

6 x

3 0






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


T a b l e 1 8 :

M i n i m u m

b r e a k i n g

l o a d s ,

i n k N

, o f s t e e l w

i r e r o p e s w

i t h f i b r e c o r e

( S e a l e

l a y r o p e s w

i t h 6 s t r a n

d s )

C o m p o s

i t i o n o f

w i r e r o p e

C o m p o s i

t i o n a n d

t y p e o f s t r a n d s

1 +

9 +

9

1 +

( 6 +

6 F ) + 1 2

1 +

6 +

9 +

9

1 +

6 +

1 5 + 1 5

S e a l e ( 1 )

S e a l e

S e a l e

D i a m e t e r o f r o p e

( m m

)




1 4 2 0

1 5 7 0

1 7 7 0

1 9 6 0

1 4 2 0

1 5 7 0

1 7 7 0

1 9 6 0

1 4 2 0

1 5 7 0

1 7 7 0

1 9 6 0

1 0

4 7 , 0

5 2 , 0

5 8 , 6

6 4 , 9

1 1

5 6 , 9

6 2 , 9

7 0 , 9

7 8 , 5

1 2

6 7 , 7

7 4 , 8

8 4 , 4

9 3 , 4

1 3

7 9 , 4

8 7 , 8

9 9 , 0

1 1 0

1 4

9 2 , 1

1 0 2

1 1 5

1 2 7

1 6

1 2 0

1 3 3

1 5 0

1 6 6

1 8

1 5 2

1 6 8

1 9 0

2 1 0

1 4 8

1 6 4

1 8 5

2 0 4

2 0

1 8 8

2 0 8

2 3 4

2 6 0

1 8 3

2 0 2

2 2 8

2 5 2

2 2

2 2 7

2 5 2

2 8 4

3 1 4

2 2 1

2 4 5

2 7 6

3 0 5

2 4

2 7 1

2 9 9

3 3 7

3 7 4

2 6 3

2 9 1

3 2 8

3 6 4

2 6 8

2 9 7

3 3 4

3 7 0

2 6

3 1 8

3 5 1

3 9 6

4 3 9

3 0 9

3 4 2

3 8 5

4 2 7

3 1 5

3 4 8

3 9 2

4 3 5

2 8

3 6 8

4 0 7

4 5 9

5 0 9

3 5 8

3 9 6

4 4 7

4 9 5

3 6 5

4 0 4

4 5 5

5 0 4

3 2

4 8 1

5 3 2

6 0 0

6 6 4

4 6 8

5 1 8

5 8 4

6 4 6

4 7 7

5 2 7

5 9 4

6 5 8

3 6

6 0 9

6 7 3

7 5 9

8 4 1

5 9 3

6 5 5

7 3 9

8 1 8

6 0 4

6 6 7

7 5 2

8 3 3

4 0

7 5 2

8 3 1

9 3 7

1 0 3 8

7 3 2

8 0 9

9 1 2

1 0 1 0

7 4 5

8 2 4

9 2 9

1 0 2 9

4 4

8 8 5

9 7 9

1 1 0 3

1 2 2 2

9 0 2

9 9 7

1 1 2 4

1 2 4 5

4 8

1 0 5 3

1 1 6 5

1 3 1 3

1 4 5 4

1 0 7 3

1 1 8 6

1 3 3 8

1 4 8 1

5 2

1 2 3 6

1 3 6 7

1 5 4 1

1 7 0 7

1 2 5 9

1 3 9 2

1 5 7 0

1 7 3 8

5 6

1 4 6 1

1 6 1 5

1 8 2 1

2 0 1 6

6 0

1 6 7 7

1 8 5 4

2 0 9 0

2 3 1 4

6 4

1 9 0 8

2 1 0 9

2 3 7 8

2 6 3 3

6 8

7 2

7 6

N o

t e 1 : F o r w

i r e r o p e s w

i t h m e t a l c o r e ,

t h e m

i n i m u m

b r e a k i n g l o a d s g i v e n

i n t h i s t a b l e a r e


.

F o r p r e f o r m e d w

i r e r o p e s ,

t h e v a l u e s

i n t h e

t a b l e a r e

t o b e r e d u c e d

b y 3 %

.

( 1 )

M i n i m u m

b r e a k i n g l o a d s a s

i n d i c a t e d c o r r e s p o n d

t o 6 x

1 9 S e a l e l a y r o p e s .

F o r 6 x

1 9 F S e a l e F i l l e r l a y r o p e s , s o m e t i m e s

c a l l e d 6 x

2 5 F i l l e r , t h e g i v e n v a l u e s a r e


.

6 x

1 9 F ( * * )

6 x

1 9

6 x

2 5

6 x

3 7






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


4.4.3 Breaking test on full size specimensSamples and testing procedures are to be in compliancewith recognised standards, such as ISO 3108.The test sample is to be long enough to obtain a clear dis-tance, between the grips of the testing machine, at least

equal to 30 times the diameter of the ropes, with a mini-mum of 600 mm.The above clear distance may be reduced to 300 mm if thediameter is less than 6 mm.During the test, when the applied load has exceededapproximately 80% of the required breaking load, the loadis to be applied slowly and steadily (about 10 N/mm 2 persecond).The breaking load is to be not less than the minimum valuerequired in Tab 15 to Tab 19 for each type and diameter of rope.

The result of the test may be disregarded if the specimenbreaks outside the gauge length, in particular in way of theterminals.

4.4.4 Breaking test on individual wires

As an alternative, when the breaking test on full size speci-mens cannot be performed, the breaking strength of therope may be determined, in agreement with the Surveyor, asthe sum of the actual breaking strengths determined on theindividual wires, multiplied by the factor K (realisation fac-tor) applicable in relation to the type and construction of the rope.

The factor K applicable to types of rope in current use isgiven in Tab 20 (for other types of ropes, the factor K isstated by the Society in each case).

Table 20 : Realisation factor K

Construction of rope(1)

Construction of strands(2)

Type of ropestranding (3)

Realisation factor K (4)

Fibre core (5) Metal core (6)

6 x 7 1 + 6 O 0,90 0,8706 x 19 1 + 6 + 12 O 0,87 0,835

6 x 19 1 + 9 + 9 S 0,87 0,835

6 x 19 F (7) 1 + (6 + 6 F) + 12 S - F 0,87 0,835

6 x 19 1 + 6 + (6 + 6) W 0,87 0,835

6 x 24 fibre core + 9 + 15 O 0,87 −

6 x 25 1 + 6 + 9 + 9 S 0,86 0,825

6 x 26 1 + 5 + (5 + 5) + 10 W - S 0,85 0,815

6 x 30 fibre core + 12 + 18 O 0,87 −

6 x 31 1 + 6 + (6 + 6) + 12 W - S 0,85 0,815

6 x 36 1 + 7 + (7 + 7) + 14 W - S 0,85 0,815

6 x 37 1 + 6 + 12 + 18 O 0,85 0,815

6 x 37 1 + 6 + 15 + 15 S 0,85 0,8156 x 41 1 + 8 + (8 + 8) + 16 W - S 0,85 0,815

6 x 52 1 + 6 + 9 + (9 + 9) + 18 W - S 0,81 0,775

6 x 61 1 + 6 + 12 + 18 + 24 O 0,81 0,775

8 x 19 1 + 9 + 9 S 0,83 −

8 x 19 F (7) 1 + (6 + 6 F) + 12 S - F 0,83 −

17 x 7 1 + 6 O 0,84 0,81518 x 7 1 + 6 O 0,84 0,815

34 x 7 1 + 6 O 0,80 0,790

36 x 7 1 + 6 O 0,80 0,790

(1) The first figure gives the number of strands, the second the number of wires in each strand.(2) The figures give the number of wires for each layer; the figures in brackets are relevant to wires of the same layer but of two dif-

ferent diameters. The letter F indicates filler wires.(3) The type of rope stranding indications are as follows:

• O: ordinary strands (non-parallel wires);• S, S-F, W and W-S (strands with parallel wires): designate Seale, Seale-Filler, Warrington and Warrington-Seale strandings,

respectively.(4) The coefficient K is to be reduced by 3% for preformed ropes.

(5) The fibre core is not considered in the breaking load of the rope.(6) The metal core consists of an independent rope (in general 6x7 with centre strand of 7 wires); it may, however, consist of a sin-

gle strand for wire ropes of 6x7 and 6x19 wires with ordinary strands.(7) 6x19 and 8x19 Filler wire ropes are sometimes designated by 6x25 Filler and 8x25 Filler, respectively.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


The tensile test is to be performed on at least 10% of thewires of the rope to be tested, with a minimum of two wiresper strand.

The wires tested are to satisfy the tensile requirements spec-ified for the wires and the total breaking load of the n wires

tested multiplied by the ratio N/n (where N is the totalnumber of wires of the rope) and by the factor K (dependingon the type of the rope) is to be not less than the minimumvalue specified by the recognised standard applied.

The acceptance of the check of the breaking load of therope by means of tensile tests on individual wires is, in gen-eral, subject to a number of proof tests on samples of fullsize ropes which are representative of the production forcomparison purposes.

4.4.5 Check of the strength of individual wires

This check, consisting of tensile tests on individual wires, is

performed only when required by the Surveyor as a checkon the base materials employed.

4.4.6 Torsion test and coiling test on individualwires

In general only one of these tests is to be performed.

The tests are to be carried out on specimens obtained aftergalvanising from at least 5% of the number of wires taken atrandom in several strands with a minimum of 6 wires and amaximum of 10 wires for each diameter.

• Torsion test

The gauge length of the wire specimens, measuredbetween the end terminals, is to be 100 times the wirediameter, but need not exceed 300 mm for wire diame-ters above 3 mm.

The wire is to be well clamped at the ends and wellstrained, e.g., under an axial load not exceeding 2% of its nominal breaking load.

The wire is then subjected to torsion until fractureoccurs; the torque is to be applied as uniformly as possi-ble, at the approximate rate of 60 - 70 revolutions perminute. The minimum required number of twists with-out fracture is specified in Tab 21.

The torsion test is not required for wires of diameterlower than 0,5 mm.

• Coiling test

The test consists of coiling a specimen of wire of suffi-cient length 8 times, in closed coils, around a cylindri-cal mandrel having a diameter equal to that of the wire;the wire is to be subsequently uncoiled and straight-

ened.After having been coiled, the zinc coating is not to showany sign of significant cracks or laminations. In the sub-sequent uncoiling and straightening, fracture of the wireis not to occur.

4.4.7 Checks of the zinc mass

The mass of zinc coating per unit area is required to bechecked in accordance with a recognised standard.

The results of this test are to demonstrate compliance withthe minimum required values specified in Tab 22.

4.4.8 Check of the uniformity and continuity of thezinc coating

This test is performed when required by the Surveyor as aproduction check. It applies only to wires of diameter ≥1mm if galvanised of class A and of diameter ≥ 0,6 mm if galvanised of class B.

The tests are to be carried out on specimens obtained aftergalvanising from at least 5% of the number of wires taken atrandom in several strands with a minimum of 6 wires and amaximum of 10 wires for each diameter.

Unless otherwise specified, the test is performed by sub-merging a specimen in a water solution of pure cristallinecopper sulphate (Cu SO 4 · 5 H 2O) containing at least 360gof salt per litre of distilled water at a temperature of 20°C±2°C.

The specimen is to be immersed for a length of at least 80mm and is to be maintained in vertical position.

Tab 22 shows the minimum number of one-minute submer-sions, in relation to the wire diameter and galvanising class.After each submersion, the specimen is to be rinsed in run-ning water so as to wash away unbonded copper deposits.

The test is regarded as satisfactory when the specimen doesnot show (beyond 25 mm from the immersed end) indica-

tions of bonded copper deposits, which would mean locallack of zinc coating on the steel surface.

Table 21 : Torsion test for wires - Minimum number of twists

Diameter d(mm)

Galvanising class A Galvanising class B

Tensile grade Tensile grade

1420 1560 1770 1420 1560 1770 1960

d < 1,3 19 18 17 31 29 26 18

1,3 ≤ d < 1,8 18 17 16 30 28 25 17

1,8 ≤ d < 2,3 18 17 16 28 26 25 16

2,3 ≤ d < 3,0 16 14 12 26 24 22 15

3,0 ≤ d < 3,5 14 12 10 24 22 20 13

3,5 ≤ d < 3,7 12 10 8 20 20 18 12






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


Table 22 : Check of zinc continuity on wire coating

4.5 Identification marking and certification

4.5.1 Upon satisfactory completion of the required testsand examinations, the ropes, packed in the required lengthfor supply, are to be tagged with lead seals stamped with theSociety’s brand and further indications, as necessary foridentification with the respective test certificates.

4.5.2 The certificates are to contain the essential elementsrelevant to the rope characteristics, the results of the testand the stamps and markings mentioned in [4.5.1].

Special marking and certification methods may be agreedupon for supplies by Manufacturers granted the use of analternative testing procedure.

5 Fibre ropes

5.1 Scope

5.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to fibre ropes,intended for towing and mooring lines, emergency towingarrangement, cargo handling gear or similar applications,other than those specified in [5.1.2] [5.1.3].

5.1.2 Single Point Mooring Hawsers

Hawsers intended for mooring oil tankers (single pointmooring) at an offloading buoy are to be made of fibres of an approved type, as per annex 4 in NI 432, and are to beinspected and tested in accordance with the OCIMF“Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of single pointmooring hawsers”, 2000, under survey by the Society.

5.1.3 Fibre ropes for deep water offshore services

Requirements for the certification of fibre ropes intended foruse as load-bearing components in the stationkeeping sys-tem of a floating offshore unit, or for other offshore deepwa-ter applications, are defined in the document NI 432,“Certification of Fibre Ropes for Deepwater Offshore Serv-ices”.

5.2 General

5.2.1

Ropes, rope material, rope construction and size are to bein accordance with the ISO standards specified below, or

another consistent set of recognised standards accepted bythe Society :

• ISO 9954 : Fibre ropes - General specifications,

• the ISO product standard proposed by the manufacturerfor the concerned material and construction.

Ropes are to be of the size (reference number, or “nominaldiameter” or circumference) needed to meet the specifiedbreaking strength, or other relevant requirement of theRules.


5.3.1 General

The following examinations and tests, as defined in [5.3.3][5.3.5], in accordance with the relevant provisions of ISO2307 : “Fibre ropes - Determination of certain physical andmechanical properties” :

• Linear density,

• Breaking strength on a full size sample, or determina-tion of rope strength from yarn testing, when applicable.

The required tests and examinations are to be performedwith the appropriate machinery, equipment and proce-dures.

The machines for load testing and weighing are to be cali-brated.

5.3.2 Sampling

Acceptance tests are to be performed on each length manu-factured in continuous production, but not less than onceevery 2000m.

5.3.3 Linear density

The linear density of the rope under the reference tension,measured following the procedure and requirements in ISO2307, is to be in accordance with the value for the specified

rope size in the applicable product standard.5.3.4 Breaking test on full size specimen

The breaking strength of the rope is to be verified by testingto destruction a sample of rope, following the procedureand requirements in ISO 2307.

The achieved breaking load is to be recorded, and is to benot less than that given in the applicable product standardfor the specified size, taking into account acceptance crite-ria in ISO 2307.

5.3.5 Breaking test on individual yarns

When the breaking test on full size test pieces cannot beperformed, and subject to agreement by the Society, thebreaking strength is to be obtained by calculation based onbreaking strength tests on yarns, according to the proceduregiven in Annex B of ISO 2307.

Diameter dof galvanised

wire (mm)

Number of one-minute submersions (1)

Class A Class B

0,6 ≤ d < 1,0 − 0,5

1,0 ≤ d < 1,5 1,5 1,0

1,5 ≤ d < 1,9 2,0 1,0

1,9 ≤ d < 2,5 2,0 1,5

2,5 ≤ d < 3,2 2,5 1,5

3,2 ≤ d < 3,7 3,0 2,0

(1) 1,5 submersion means one submersion lasting 1 minutefollowed by another lasting 30 seconds (the same crite-ria applies for the other numbers).






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 1


This is applicable only to ropes having a breaking strengthabove 250kN, made from a single fibre material and size,and for those materials and construction where a realisationfactor is given in the standard.

The relevant testing documentation is to include a mentionstating that the breaking strength has been calculated.

5.4 Marking

5.4.1

Upon satisfactory completion of the required tests andexaminations, the packed ropes are to tagged with the Soci-

ety’s stamp and identification of the inspection certificateissued by the Society.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 2


2 Materials

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 These requirements apply to rolled steels, forgingsand castings used for the manufacture of offshore mooringchain and accessories.

2.2 Rolled steel bars

2.2.1 Steel manufacture

The steels are to be manufactured by basic oxygen, electricfurnace or such other process as may be speciallyapproved. All steels are to be killed and fine grain treated.

2.2.2 Chemical composition

The chemical composition of ladle samples of each heat isto be determined by the steel maker and is to comply withthe approved specification.

2.2.3 Mechanical tests

a) Bars of the same nominal diameter are to be presentedfor test in batches of 50 tonnes or fraction thereof fromthe same heat. Test specimens are to be taken frommaterial heat treated in the same manner as intended forthe finished chain.

b) Each heat of Grade QR3S and QR4 steel bars is to betested for hydrogen embrittlement. In case of continu-ous casting, test samples representing both the begin-

ning and the end of the charge shall be taken. In case of ingot casting, test samples representing two differentingots shall be taken.

Two (2) tensile test specimens shall be taken from thecentral region of bar material which have been simu-lated heat treated. The specimens shall preferably havea diameter of 20 mm, alternatively 14 mm. One speci-men is to be tested within max. 3 hours after machining.For a 14 mm ø specimen, the time limit is 1,5 hours.(Alternatively, the specimen may be cooled to −60°Cimmediately after machining and kept at that tempera-ture for a period of max. 5 days). The other specimen isto be tested after baking at 250°C for 4 hours, alterna-tively 2 hours for 14 mm ø specimen.

Figure 1 : Sampling of steel bars, forgings and castings

A slow strain rate < 0,0003 s −1 must be used during theentire test, until fracture occurs (This means approx. 10minutes for a 20 mm ø specimen).Tensile strength, elongation and reduction of area are tobe reported. The requirement for the test is:Z1 / Z2 ≥ 0,85where:Z1 : Reduction of area without bakingZ2 : Reduction of area after baking.If the requirement Z 1 / Z2 ≥ 0,85 is not met, the barmaterial may be subjected to a hydrogen degassingtreatment after agreement with the Society. New testsshall be performed after degassing.

c) For all grades, one tensile and three Charpy V-notchspecimens are to be taken from each sample selected.The test specimens are to be taken at approx. one-thirdradius below the surface, as shown in Fig 1.The results of all tests are to be in accordance with theappropriate requirements of Tab 1.

d) Re-test requirements for tensile tests are given in Ch 1,Sec 2, [2.3].

e) Re-test requirements for Charpy V-notch impact tests aregiven in Ch 1, Sec 2, [4.4].

f) Failure to meet the requirements will result in rejectionof the batch represented unless it can be clearly attribut-able to improper simulated heat treatment.

Table 1 : Mechanical properties of grades QR3, QR3S and QR4

Specimen for notchedbar impact test

Tensilespecimen

r/3

r/3

GradeYield stress

(N/mm2)minimum (1)

Tensile strength(N/mm2)

minimum (1)

Elongation(%)

minimum

Reduction (3) of area (%)minimum

Charpy V-notch impact tests

Test temperature(°C) (2)

Average energy Jminimum

Average energy flashweld J minimum

QR3 410 690 17 50 0−20

6040

5030

QR3S 490 770 15 50 0−20

6545

5333

QR4 580 860 12 50 −20 50 36

(1) Aim value of yield to tensile ratio: 0,92 max.(2) At the option of the Society, the impact test of grade QR3 and QR3S may be carried out at either 0°C or −20°C.(3) Reduction of area of cast steel is to be for grades QR3 and QR3S: min. 40%, for QR4: min. 35%, see 2.4.4.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 2


3 Design and chain manufacture

3.1 Design

3.1.1 Drawings giving detailed design of chain and acces-

sories made by or supplied through the chain manufacturerare to be submitted for approval. Typical designs are givenin ISO 1704:1991.In addition, drawings showing the detailed design of the studshall be submitted for information. The stud shall give animpression in the chain link which is sufficiently deep tosecure the position of the stud, but the combined effect of shape and depth of the impression shall not cause any harm-ful notch effect or stress concentration in the chain link.Machining of Kenter shackles shall result in fillet radiusmin. 3% of nominal diameter.

3.2 Manufacturing process

3.2.1 Offshore mooring chains shall be manufactured incontinuous lengths by flash butt welding and are to be heattreated in a continous furnace; batch heat treatment is notpermitted.The use of joining shackles to replace defective links is sub-

ject to the written approval of the end purchaser in terms of the number and type permitted. The use of connecting com-mon links is restricted to 3 links in each 100 m of chain.

3.3 Manufacturing Process Records

3.3.1 Records of bar heating, flash welding and heat treat-

ment shall be made available for inspection by the Sur-veyor.

3.3.2 Bar heatingFor electric resistance heating, the heating phase shall becontrolled by an optical heat sensor. The controller shall bechecked at least once every 8 hours and records made.For furnace heating, the heat shall be controlled and the

temperature continuously recorded using thermocouples inclose proximity to the bars. The controls shall be checked atleast once every 8 hours and records made.

3.3.3 Flash weldingThe following welding parameters shall be controlled dur-ing welding of each link:a) Platen motionb) Current as a function of timec) Hydraulic pressureThe controls shall be checked at least every 4 hours andrecords made.

3.3.4 Heat treatmentChain shall be austenitized, above the upper transformationtemperature, at a combination of temperature and timewithin the limits established.When applicable, chain shall be tempered at a combinationof temperature and time within the limits established.Temperature and time or temperature and chain speed shallbe controlled and continuously recorded.


3.4.1 The mechanical properties of finished chain and

accessories are to be in accordance with Tab 1. For thelocation of test specimens see Fig 1 and Fig 2.

Figure 2 : Sampling of chain links

Table 3 : Formulas for proof and break test loads of studlink chain cables, weight and length over 5 links

Grade QR3 Grade QR3S Grade QR4

Proof test load (kN) 0,0148 d 2 (44 − 0,08 d) 0,0180 d 2 (44 − 0,08 d) 0,0216 d 2 (44 − 0,08 d)

Break test load (kN) 0,0223 d 2 (44 − 0,08 d) 0,0249 d 2 (44 − 0,08 d) 0,0274 d 2 (44 − 0,08 d)

Chain weight (kg/m) 0,0219 d 2

Length over 5 links

Minimum (mm) 22 d

Maximum (mm) 22,55 d

Specimen for notchedbar impact test

Tensilespecimen

r/3

r/3

Specimen for notchedbar impact testr/3






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 2


3.9.4 Each connecting common link is to be marked on thestud in accordance with [4.7] plus a unique number for thelink. The adjoining links are also to be marked on the studs.

4 Testing and inspection of finished

chain

4.1 General

4.1.1 All chain is to be subjected to proof load tests, breakload tests and mechanical tests after final heat treatment inthe presence of a Surveyor. Where the manufacturer has aprocedure to record proof loads and the Surveyor is satisfiedwith the adequacy of the recording system, he need not wit-ness all proof load tests. The Surveyor is to satisfy himself that the testing machines are calibrated and maintained in asatisfactory condition.Prior to test and inspection the chain is to be free fromscale, paint or other coating. The chain shall be sand or shotblasted to meet this requirement.

4.2 Proof and break load tests

4.2.1 The entire length of chain shall withstand the proof load specified in Tab 3 without fracture and shall not crackin the flash weld. The load applied shall not exceed theproof load by more than 10% when stretching the chain.Where plastic straining is used to set studs, the applied loadis not to be greater than that qualified in approval tests.

4.2.2 A break-test specimen consisting of at least 3 links is

to be either taken from the chain or produced at the sametime and in the same manner as the chain. The test fre-quency is to be based on tests at sampling intervals accord-ing to Tab 4 provided that every cast is represented. Eachspecimen shall be capable of withstanding the break loadspecified without fracture and shall not crack in the flashweld. It shall be considered acceptable if the specimen isloaded to the specified value and maintained at that loadfor 30 seconds.If the loading capacity of the testing machine is insufficient,another equivalent method shall be agreed with the Society.

Table 4 : Frequency of break and mechanical tests

4.3 Dimensions and dimensional tolerances

4.3.1 After proof load testing measurements are to be takenon at least 5 per cent of the links in accordance with [3.7].

4.3.2 The entire chain is to be checked for the length, fivelinks at a time. By the five link check the first five links shallbe measured. From the next set of five links, at least twolinks from the previous five links set shall be included. Thisprocedure is to be followed for the entire chain length. Themeasurements are to be taken preferably while the chain isloaded to 5-10% of the minimum proof load. The links heldin the end blocks may be excluded from this measurement.


4.4.1 Links of samples detached from finished, heat treatedchain shall be sectioned for determination of mechanical

properties. A test unit shall consist of one tensile and nineimpact specimens. The tensile specimen shall be taken inthe side opposite the flash weld. Three impact specimensshall be taken across the flash weld with the notch centeredin the middle. Three impact specimens shall be taken acrossthe unwelded side and three impact specimens shall betaken from the bend region.

The test frequency is to be based on tests at sampling inter-vals according to Tab 4 provided that every cast is repre-sented. Mechanical properties shall be as specified in Tab 1.

The frequency of impact testing in the bend may be reducedat the discretion of the Society provided it is verified by sta-

tistical means that the required toughness is consistentlyachieved.


4.5.1 After proof testing, all surfaces of every link shall bevisually examined. Burrs, irregularities and rough edgesshall be contour ground. Links shall be free from milldefects, surface cracks, dents and cuts, especially in thevicinity where gripped by clamping dies during flash weld-ing. Studs shall be securely fastened.

4.5.2 Magnetic particles shall be employed to examine theflash welded area including the area gripped by the clamp-ing dies. Procedures and equipment in accordance withthose approved shall be used.

Frequency of examination shall be every link.

Link surface at the flash weld shall be free from cracks, lackof fusion and gross porosity.

4.5.3 Ultrasonics shall be employed to examine the flashweld fusion. Procedures and equipment in accordance withthose approved shall be used. On-site calibration standardsfor chain configurations shall be approved.

Frequency of examination shall be every link.The flash weld shall be free from defects causing ultrasonicback reflections equal to or greater than the calibrationstandard.

Nominal chain diameter(mm)

Maximum sampling interval(m)

Min - 48 91

49 - 60 110

61 - 73 131

74 - 85 152

86 - 98 175

99 - 111 198

112 - 124 222

125 - 137 250

138 - 149 274

150 - 162 297

163 - 175 322






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 2


4.6 Retest, rejection and repair criteria

4.6.1 If the length over 5 links is short, the chain may bestretched by loading above the proof test load specified pro-vided that the applied load is not greater than that approvedand that only random lengths of the chain need stretching.If the length exceeds the specified tolerance, the overlengthchain links shall be cut out and [4.6.2] shall apply.

4.6.2 If single links are found to be defective or to not meetother applicable requirements, defective links may be cutout and a connecting common link inserted in their place.The individual heat treatment and inspection procedure of connecting common links is subject to the Society'sapproval.Other methods for repair is subject to the written approvalof the Society and the end purchaser.

4.6.3 If a crack, cut or defect in the flash weld is found byvisual or magnetic particle examination, it shall be grounddown no more than 5% of the link diameter in depth andstreamlined to provide no sharp contours. The final dimen-sions must still conform to the agreed standard.

4.6.4 If indications of interior flash weld defects in refer-ence to the accepted calibration standards are detected dur-ing ultrasonic examination, [4.6.2] shall apply.

4.6.5 If link diameter, length, width and stud alignment donot conform to the required dimensions, these shall becompared to the dimensions of 40 more links; 20 on eachside of the affected link. If a single particular dimension fails

to meet the required dimensional tolerance in more than 2of the sample links, all links shall be examined and [4.6.2]shall apply.

4.6.6 If a break load test fails, a thorough examination withthe Surveyor informed in a timely manner is to be carriedout to identify the cause of failure. Two additional break testspecimens representing the same sampling length of chainare to be subjected to the break load test. Based upon satis-factory results of the additional tests and the results of thefailure investigation, it will be decided what lengths of chain can be accepted. Failure of either or both additionaltests will result in rejection of the sampling length of chainrepresented and [4.6.2] shall apply.

4.6.7 If a link fails during proof load testing, a thoroughexamination with the Surveyor informed in a timely manneris to be carried out to identify the probable cause of failureof the proof test. In the event that two or more links in theproof loaded length fail, that length is to be rejected. Theabove failure investigation is to be carried out especiallywith regard to the presence in other lengths of factors orconditions thought to be causal to failure.In addition to the above failure investigation, a break testspecimen is to be taken from each side of the one failedlink, and subjected to the breaking test. Based upon satis-factory results of both break tests and the results of the fail-ure investigation, it will be decided what length of chaincan be considered for acceptance. Failure of either or bothbreaking tests will result in rejection of the same proof loaded length.

Replacement of defective links is to be in accordance with[4.6.2].

4.6.8 Re-test requirements for tensile tests are given in Ch1, Sec 2, [2.3]. Failure to meet the specified requirements of either or both additional tests will result in rejection of thesampling length of chain represented and [4.6.2] shallapply.

4.6.9 Re-test requirements for Charpy V-notch impact testsare given in Ch 1, Sec 2, [4.4].Failure to meet the requirements will result in rejection of the sampling length represented and [4.6.2] shall apply.

4.7 Marking

4.7.1 The chain shall be marked at the following places:• at each end

• at intervals not exceeding 100 m• on connecting common links• on links next to shackles or connecting common links.

All marked links shall be stated on the certificate, and themarking shall make it possible to recognize leading and tailend of the chain. In addition to the above required marking,the first and last common link of each individual chargeused in the continuous length shall be adequately andtraceable marked.

The marking shall be permanent and legible throughout theexpected lifetime of the chain.

4.7.2 The chain shall be marked on the studs as follows:• chain grade• certificate No.• Society's stamp.

The Certificate number may be exchanged against anabbreviation or equivalent. If so, this shall be stated in thecertificate.

The chain certificate shall contain information on numberand location of connecting common links. The certificatenumber and replacement link number may be exchangedagainst an abbreviation or equivalent. If so, this shall bestated in the certificate.

4.8 Documentation

4.8.1 A complete Chain Inspection and Testing Report inbooklet form shall be provided by the chain manufacturerfor each continous chain length. This booklet shall includeall dimensional checks, test and inspection reports, NDTreports, process records, photographs as well as any non-conformity, corrective action and repair work.Individual certificates are to be issued for each continuoussingle length of chain.All accompanying documents, appendices and reports shall

carry reference to the original certificate number.The manufacturer will be responsible for storing, in a safeand retrievable manner, all documentation produced for aperiod of at least 10 years.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 2


5 Testing and inspection ofaccessories

5.1 General

5.1.1 All accessories are to be subjected to proof load tests,break load tests and mechanical tests after final heat treat-ment in the presence of a Surveyor. Where the manufac-turer has a procedure to record proof loads and theSurveyor is satisfied with the adequacy of the recording sys-tem, he need not witness all proof load tests. The Surveyoris to satisfy himself that the testing machines are calibratedand maintained in a satisfactory condition.

Prior to test and inspection the chain accessories are to befree from scale, paint or other coating.

5.2 Proof and break load tests

5.2.1 All accessories are to be subjected to the proof loadspecified for the corresponding chain.

5.2.2 Chain accessories are to be tested at the break loadprescribed for the grade and size of chain for which they areintended. At least one accessory out of every batch or every25 accessories, whichever is less, is to be tested. For indi-vidually produced accessories or accessories produced insmall batches, alternative testing will be subject to specialconsideration.

The accessories which have been subjected to the breakload test are to be destroyed and not used as part of an out-fit, with the exceptions given in [5.2.3].

5.2.3 Where the accessories are of increased dimension oralternatively a material with higher strength characteristicsis used, they may be included in the outfit at the discretionof the Classification Society, provided that:

a) the accessories are successfully tested at the prescribedbreaking load appropriate to the chain for which theyare intended, and

b) it is verified by procedure tests that such accessories areso designed that the breaking strength is not less than1,4 times the prescribed breaking load of the chain forwhich they are intended.

5.3 Dimensions and tolerances on dimensions

5.3.1 At least one accessory (of the same type, size andnominal strength) out of 25 is to be checked for dimensionsafter proof load testing. The manufacturer is to provide astatement indicating compliance with the purchaser's

requirements.


5.4.1 Accessories are to be subjected to mechanical testingas described in [2.3] and [2.4]. For individually producedaccessories or accessories produced in small batches, alter-

native testing will be subjected to special consideration.


5.5.1 After proof load testing all chain accessories are to besubjected to a close visual examination. Special attention isto be paid to machined surfaces and high stress regions. Allnon-machined surfaces are to be sand or shot blasted topermit a thorough examination. All accessories are to bechecked by mangnetic particles or dye penetrant.

The manufacturer is to provide a statement that nondestructive examination has been carried out with satisfac-tory results. This statement should include a brief referenceto the techniques and to the operator's qualification.

5.6 Test failures

5.6.1 In the event of a failure of any test the entire batchrepresented is to be rejected unless the cause of failure hasbeen determined and it can be demonstrated to the Sur-veyor's satisfaction that the condition causing the failure isnot present in any of the remaining accessories.

5.7 Marking

5.7.1 Each accessory is to be marked as follows:

• chain grade.

The certificate number may be exchanged against an abbre-viation or equivalent. If so, this shall be stated in the certifi-cate.

5.8 Documentation

5.8.1A complete Inspection and Testing Report in bookletform shall be provided by the manufacturer for each order.

This booklet shall include all dimensional checks, test andinspection reports, NDT reports, process records as well asany nonconformity, corrective action and repair work.

Each type of accessory shall be covered by separate certifi-cates.

All accompanying documents, appendices and reports shallcarry reference to the original certificate number.

The manufacturer will be responsible for storing, in a safeand retrievable manner, all documentation produced for a

period of at least 10 years.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 3


SECTION 3 O THERS

1 Side scuttles, windows and theirglass panes

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to fixed frames,window frames, dead covers and glass panes.The types of sidescuttles and windows which, in relation totheir position, are to be tested are indicated in the Society’sRules for the Classification of Steel Ships Pt B, Ch 9, Sec 9.

1.2 Manufacture

1.2.1 GeneralSidescuttles and windows which are subject to inspectionare to be manufactured in accordance with approved plansor standards and specifications recognised by the Society.Manufacturing procedures are to be of appropriate type, tothe Surveyor’s satisfaction.

1.2.2 Frame materialsMaterials are to be of appropriate type and properties, asrequired in the approved plans or applicable standards.

They are to comply with the requirements of Chapter 2, inrelation to the type of material and the nature of the prod-uct.

Subject to approval for each case or application, the follow-ing types of material and products are generally regarded asappropriate:• hull steel plates, shapes and bars having R m in the range

400-490 N/mm 2

• steel forgings and castings• brass plates, shapes, bars and castings• light alloy castings and semi-finished products, of cate-

gory Al-Mg or Al-Mg-Si.Subject to approval in individual cases, nodular cast iron of type GS400 or GS370 may also be used.

1.2.3 Glass panesThe glass panes are to be of appropriate type and quality,manufactured in accordance with suitable procedures, tothe satisfaction of the Society, by recognised Manufacturers.

1.2.4 Quality of materialsThe product is to be free from detrimental defects.

1.3 Inspections and tests

1.3.1 Frame material testsMaterials are to comply with the applicable requirementsand to be tested or certified accordingly; depending on the

individual cases, they are also to be submitted to the follow-ing additional tests:

a bend test, as indicated below, depending on the type of material:• brass products: d ≤ 1 s α ≥ 60°

• light alloy products: d ≤ 3 s α ≥ 60°

• cast i ron: d ≤ 4 s α ≥ 60°

where:

s : Thickness of the specimen (which, as far as pos-sible, should be equal to the thickness of theproduct)

d : Diameter of the mandrelα : Required bend angle, which is to be attained

without cracks or other defects.

For castings, as an alternative to the bend test performed onspecimens, it may be agreed to perform a bend test directlyon a completed piece. Such test may also be required bythe Surveyor as an additional random check. When this testis performed as an alternative to that on specimens, thenumber of pieces tested is to be one for every batch of notmore than 50 equal pieces (25 in the case of cast iron prod-ucts) originating from the same heat.

These tests are to be performed on a mandrel having adiameter equal to twice the thickness of the piece (but notless than 50 mm in the case of cast iron products); therequired bend angles which are to be attained withoutcracks or other defects depending upon the material and thefinished product are as follows:

• steel castings:

fixed frames, window frames and dead covers: α ≥ 20°

• brass castings:

fixed frames and window frames: α ≥ 10°

dead covers: α ≥ 15°

• light alloy castings:

fixed frames and window frames: α ≥ 6°

dead covers: α ≥ 15°

• malleable or nodular cast iron: α ≥ 15°.

1.3.2 Glass panes

Glass panes are to be in toughened safety glass in accord-ance with ISO 21005 standard. The acceptance of ordinaryglass is subject to special approval by the Society in eachcase.

The glass Manufacturer is to certify the homogeneity of thebatches submitted for tests, as regards material, manufactur-ing procedure, heat treatment and suitability to meet thespecified test requirements.






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 3


Table 1 : Hydrostatic test pressurefor glass panes of sidescuttles and windows

Table 2 : Punch test load

1.3.3 Visual and dimensional examination

The following examinations are to be performed:

a) visual examination

b) dimensional and conformity checks to be performed bythe Manufacturer, with checks at the discretion of theSurveyor.


1.4.1 All glass panes tested with satisfactory results are tobe marked by the Manufacturer in a suitable position whichremains clearly visible after the glass pane has beeninstalled, as follows:

• trade mark and/or name of the Manufacturer

• Society’s brand

• nominal thickness, in mm.

In the case of glass panes tested with the punch test, thespecial marking mentioned in ISO 614 is to be used as fol-lows:

• transparent glass panes: single line triangle

• matt glass panes: double line triangle.

The nominal thickness of the glass pane, in mm, is to be

marked inside the above triangles.The markings identifying the origin of the glass pane are tobe specified to the Society when the individual Manufactur-ers are recognised.

2 Pressure bottles

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to seamless pressurebottles in carbon, carbon manganese and alloy steels, andto welded bottles in carbon and carbon manganese steels.Seamless bottles are mainly used for carbon dioxide sys-tems and welded bottles for portable fire extinguishers.Steel grades to be used for the manufacture are to complywith those specified in Chapter 2 as applicable or with rec-ognised standards.The steel is to be killed and for certain applications, forexample low temperature applications, fine grained steel isto be used.

2.1.2 Mass productionIn the case of small bottles mass produced by Manufactureswho have been approved by the Society for this purpose,alternative testing procedures to those indicated in [2.3.1]may be accepted.

2.1.3 Materials other than steelThe requirements relevant to bottles in material other thansteel are to be considered on a case-by-case basis, with cri-teria and procedures as similar as possible to those speci-fied in this Article.

2.2 Manufacture

2.2.1 Bottles are to be manufactured according toapproved plans.The manufacturing process of seamless bottles is to beapproved for the individual Manufacturers.The approval of the manufacturing process is also requiredfor welded bottles intended for portable fire extinguishershaving thickness of the cylindrical shell less than 3 mm.The materials used in the bottle manufacture are to betested or provided with a Manufacturer’s certificate of con-formity.

2.3 Inspection and tests

2.3.1 GeneralThe following inspections and tests are to be performed:a) sectioning of one bottle from each batch formed of 200

pieces or fraction thereof, homogeneous as regardsdimensions, manufacturing process and heat treatmentfor the execution of:• thickness measurements of the shell on three trans-

verse sections in way of neck, middle and bottomend

• 1 tensile test on longitudinal test specimen, 2 bend-ing tests to be performed along the curvature and,for thicknesses ≥ 5 mm, 3 Charpy V-notch impacttests on longitudinal specimens, to be performed at−20°C. For low temperature applications, the testtemperature is to be specified in the individualcases.

Thicknessof glass

pane (mm)

Pressure (N/mm 2)for a glass pane net diameter (mm) of:

200 250 300 350 400 4506 0,33 0,21 − − − −

8 0,58 0,37 0,26 0,19 − −

10 0,92 0,58 0,41 0,30 0,23 0,18

12 1,32 0,84 0,59 0,43 0,33 0,26

15 − 1,32 0,92 0,67 0,51 0,41

19 − − 1,47 1,08 0,83 0,65

Thickness of glasspane (mm)(tolerance: 0 +2)

Test loads (N) for ahole diameter in support plate of:

250 mm 150 mm

6 3400 3500

8 6500 6700

10 10200 11000

12 15500 16500

15 24000 25500

19 33400 36800






NR 216, Ch 4, Sec 3








NR 216

Chapter 5

WELDING

S ECTION 1 G ENERAL REQUIREMENTS

S ECTION 2 A PPROVAL OF WELDING CONSUMABLES

S ECTION 3 A PPROVAL OF OVER WELDABLE S HOP P RIMERS

S ECTION 4 A PPROVAL OF WELDING P ROCEDURES

S ECTION 5 A PPROVAL OF CO2 L ASER WELDING P ROCEDURES






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


The Manufacturer is responsible for reporting to the Societyany major modifications introduced in the production pro-cedure subsequent to its approval.

Full compliance on the part of the Manufacturer with all therequirements stated by the Society in connection with the

approval of consumables is an essential condition for grant-ing and renewing such approval.

1.3.7 Firms with several workshops or dealers

When consumables of the same brand are manufactured indifferent workshops belonging to the same Manufacturer,the complete series of tests is generally performed in oneworkshop only. In the other workshops, a reduced test pro-gram, at least equivalent to annual tests, is permitted if theManufacturer certifies that the material used and the fabrica-tion process are identical to those used in the main works.

1.3.8 Different brand names

When a consumable already approved at a manufacturer istransfered for sale under a different brand name to the man-ufacturer or to a dealer, the manufacturer and the dealerwhere applicable have to certify that the consumable withthe alternative brand name is strictly identical to the con-sumable already approved.

1.3.9 Changes in grading

Changes in grading of welding consumables are to be con-sidered only at the Manufacturer’s request, in general at thetime of annual testing. For upgrading, tests from butt weldassemblies are generally required as a minimum in additionto normal annual tests, as specified here below.

For upgrading referring to impact properties, Charpy V-notch impact tests are to be performed at the upgrade tem-perature on the respective butt weld assemblies required forapproval.

For upgrading referring to higher strength steels, all buttweld tests required for the approval are to be effected usinghigher strength steel as parent metal.

For upgrading referring to hydrogen content, tests accordingto [2.4] are to be carried out as appropriate.

Downgrading or withdrawal of the approval occurs when theprescribed tests and re-tests fail to meet the requirements.

1.3.10 Additional testsThe Society may, in some specific cases, request additionaltests or requirements as deemed necessary.

1.4 Preparation and welding of test assem-blies

1.4.1 Base material

The base material used for the test assemblies is to be of thesteel grade appropriate to the consumable grade as speci-fied in the various Articles.

For the preparation of all weld metal test assemblies, anygrade of structural steel may be used. When the chemicalcomposition of welded metal is substantially different fromthe base material, an overlay of side walls and backing stripmay be carried out, as deemed necessary.

For the preparation of butt welded assemblies, steel gradesare to be chosen depending on the grade of consumables.

When a welded joint is performed, the edges of the platesare to be bevelled either by mechanical machining or byoxygen cutting; in the latter case, a descaling of the bevel-

led edges is necessary.

1.4.2 Welding conditions and type of current

Welding conditions used, such as amperage, voltage, travelspeed etc., are to be within the range recommended by theManufacturer for normal good welding practice.

Where it is stated that a filler metal is suitable for both alter-nating current (a.c.) and direct current (d.c.), alternatingcurrent is to be used for welding the test assemblies formechanical tests. When samples for checking the operatingcharacteristics are required, both types of current are gener-ally to be used. When samples for hot cracking tests arerequired, direct current is to be used.

Direct current is identified in the approval documentationwith the symbols:

• CC+ or DCEP for positive electrode

• CC − or DCEN for negative electrode.

1.4.3 Post-weld heat treatment

Post-weld heat treatment of the welded assemblies is notallowed where the consumables are to be approved for theas welded condition only.


1.5.1 General

The test specimens for mechanical tests are to be taken fromthe welded assemblies as indicated in the various Articles;specimen preparation and test results are to comply withthe requirements from [1.5.2] to [1.5.6].

The requirements relevant to the calibration of the equip-ment, preparation of test specimens and testing procedure,detailed in Ch 1, Sec 2, are also to be complied with, asappropriate.

1.5.2 Tensile tests

Round test specimens for longitudinal tensile tests and flattest specimens for transverse tensile tests are to be taken asdescribed below:

a) round specimen:

The longitudinal axis is to coincide with the centre of the weld and mid-thickness of the weld in the all weldmetal assemblies and second run in the two run weldedassemblies. The specimen is to be in accordance withCh 1, Sec 2, [2.1.10]; the specimen may be heated to atemperature not exceeding 250°C for a period notexceeding 16 hours, for hydrogen removal prior to test-ing.

The yield stress, tensile strength and elongation are to bedetermined and are to comply with the requirementsspecified for the various consumables; the reduction of area is to be determined and reported for information.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


b) flat tensile specimen:

The test specimen is to be in accordance with Ch 1, Sec2, [2.1.11].

The tensile strength is to be determined together withthe fracture position and is to comply with the require-ments specified for the various consumables.

1.5.3 Transverse bend tests

Face and root bend test specimens having 30 mm width andfull plate thickness are to be machined transverse to thewelded joint. The upper and lower surfaces of the weld areto be filed, ground or machined flush with the surface of theplate and the corners in tension rounded to a radius notexceeding 2 mm.

Two bend specimens are required; one specimen is to betested with the face of the weld in tension and the otherwith the root of the weld in tension.

If the plate thickness exceeds 25 mm, it may be reduced tothis size by machining on the compression side of the testspecimen.

Alternatively, two side bend specimens may be taken in lieuof root and face bend specimens; side bend specimens mayalso be required in addition to or in lieu of root and facebend specimens for specific applications [1.5.4].

Bend test specimens are to be bent without fracture orcracks through an angle of 120°, unless a different angle isspecified over a former having diameter as indicated in thevarious Articles; however superficial cracks or open defectsnot exceeding 3 mm may be disregarded.

1.5.4 Side bend tests

Side bend test specimens, having full plate thickness andwidth 10 mm, are generally required in addition to the rootand bend tests for the approval of wire/gas combinations,and are required in lieu of the root and bend tests for elec-trogas or electroslag assemblies.

1.5.5 Longitudinal bend tests

When longitudinal face or root bend tests are required, testspecimens in accordance with an appropriate standard areaccepted.

1.5.6 Impact tests

Charpy V-notch impact specimens are to be cut with theirlongitudinal axis transverse to the weld joint and positionedas follows:

a) for deposited metal and butt weld test assemblies withmulti-run technique: at mid-thickness of the weld

b) for two run welded test assemblies: on the second runside, 2mm below the surface

c) for electroslag and electrogas welded test assemblies: 2mm below the surface

d) for one side automatic welding processes: 2 mm belowthe face side and 2 mm below the root side of the testassemblies; for thicknesses ≥ 30 mm, specimens at mid-thickness are also to be taken.

The notch is to be cut in the face of the specimen perpen-dicular to the surface of the plate and to be positioned inthe centre of the weld. For electrogas and electroslag weld-ing, an additional set with the notch at 2 mm from thefusion line in the weld metal is to be taken.

A set of three specimens is to be prepared and tested. Theaverage impact energy is to comply with the values speci-fied for the various consumables and only one individualvalue may be lower than the average required, provided it isnot lower than 70% of it.

1.6 Test samples for checking the chemicalcomposition of deposited weld metal

1.6.1 For some products (see [11], [12], [13]), the chemicalcomposition of weld metal deposited with electrodes isrequired to be verified on samples welded for this purpose.

1.6.2 The test samples consist of a test plate of the speci-fied steel having minimum sides 80x80 mm 2 and 15mmthickness.

On the above test plate, whose surface is to be cleaned bygrinding to remove any trace of oxide, grease and paint, aweld pad is deposited in layers by welding in the flat posi-tion, each layer being formed by flanked beads. The mini-mum dimensions of the pad are to be as indicated in Tab 2.

Table 2 : Pad dimensions

The width of each bead of each layer is to be 1,5 to 2,5times the diameter of the electrode. It is recommended thateach layer should be deposited in a direction perpendicularto the previous one.

The current adopted for welding the test samples is to bewithin the range recommended by the Manufacturer; in the

case of electrodes for use both with a.c. and d.c. current,the welding is to be carried out with alternating current.

After each layer has been deposited, the pad may be cooledto room temperature by immersion in water for 30 seconds.

The surface of each layer is to be free from slag inclusionsand blow holes.

1.6.3 After the welding is completed, the top surface of thepad is to be removed by mechanical means and discarded.

Shavings sufficient for checking the chemical compositionare then to be taken in such a manner that no metal is

removed closer to the surface of the base plate than the dis-tance indicated in Tab 3.

The use of lubricating oils during the mechanical machiningfor taking out the shavings is to be avoided.

Diameter of tested electrode

(mm)

Minimum lengthand width of the

pad (mm)

Minimum thicknessof the pad

(mm)

2,5 30 x 30 13

3,25 - max. 40 x 40 16






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Table 3 : Sampling method


1.7.1 General

When for one or more test samples the execution of theweld, the external examination, the radiographic examina-tion or the fracture produce results which are not consid-ered satisfactory in some respects, and when the respectivecauses may be traced back to the operator or operating con-ditions, the test samples may be allowed to be repeated, induplicate if deemed necessary, with the same procedure. Inother cases, as well as when cracks are detected, the con-sumable will not be approved.The operating conditions for the re-test samples are to beagreed with the Surveyor, as deemed appropriate.

For the approval of the consumable, or for the continuationof the testing program, the re-test samples are to producesatisfactory results.

1.7.2 Tensile and bend tests

Where the result of a tensile or bend test does not complywith the requirements, duplicate test specimens of the sametype are to be prepared from the same sample and satisfac-torily tested. Where insufficient original welded assembly isavailable, a new assembly is to be prepared using weldingconsumables of the same batch. If the new assembly ismade with the same procedure (in particular the samenumber of runs) as the original assembly, only the duplicatere-test specimens need to be prepared and tested. Other-wise, all test specimens are to be prepared for re-testing.

1.7.3 Charpy V-notch impact test


2 Covered electrodes for manual metalarc welding of C and C-Mn steels

2.1 Scope

2.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to covered electrodesfor manual metal arc welding of hull structural steels, of thecorresponding grades of steel forgings and castings and of comparable steels intended for other structural applicationsor pressure systems.

2.1.2 Designation

Electrodes are divided, for the various strength levels, intothe following grades as defined in [1.2.2] :

a) 1, 2, 3, 4 for normal strength grades

b) 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, 5Y for high strength grades with specifiedminimum yield strength up to 355 N/mm 2

c) 2Y40, 3Y40, 4Y40, 5Y40 for high strength grades withspecified minimum yield strength up to 390 N/mm 2.

Depending on the hydrogen content of the weld metal, thesymbol H15 or H, H10 or HH, H5 or HHH is added to thegrade mark as in [1.2.7].

The symbols H15, H10, H5 indicate the hydrogen contentdetermined with the mercury method.

2.1.3 Information and documentation to besubmitted

The following information and supporting documentation,as appropriate, are generally to be submitted together withthe request for approval:

a) trade name of the electrode

b) type of covering

c) grades for which the application is made, including

additional symbolsd) typical chemical composition of the deposited metal

e) type of current and welding positions

f) proposed range of application and operating character-istics

g) previous approvals granted to the electrodes with thenecessary references.

2.2 Approval tests

2.2.1 General

The approval tests specified in [1.3.3] are to be performedas indicated in [2.3] to [2.6] and summarised in Tab 4 .

2.3 Tests for checking the mechanical prop-erties

2.3.1 General

The following tests indicated in Tab 4 are to be performed.

2.3.2 Deposited metal test assemblies

Two deposited metal test assemblies are to be welded in theflat position as shown in Fig 1, one with 4 mm diameter

electrodes and the other with the largest size manufactured.If an electrode is available in one diameter only, one testassembly is sufficient. Any grade of ship structural steel maybe used for the preparation of the test assembly.

The weld metal is to be deposited in a single or multi-runlayers according to normal practice, and the direction of deposition of each layer is generally to alternate from eachend of the plate, each run of weld metal being not less than2 mm and not more than 4 mm thick. Between each run theassembly is to be left in still air until it has cooled to lessthan 250°C but not below 100°C, the temperature beingtaken in the centre of the weld on the surface of the seam.After being welded, the test assemblies are not to be sub-

jected to any heat treatment, except where approval hasbeen requested also in the stress relieved condition [2.3.5].In such case the symbol D is to be added to the grade desig-nation.

Diameter of testedelectrode (mm)

Minimum distance from the base platefor taking out the shavings (mm)

2,5 6

3,25 - max. 8






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


c) Vertical position downward techniqueone test sample welded using electrode diameters rec-ommended by the Manufacturer, when the approvalwith the downward technique has been requested

d) Overhead positionone test sample welded using 3,25 mm electrodes forthe first pass and 4 mm electrodes (or possibly 5 mm if this is recommended by the Manufacturer) for theremaining passes

e) Horizontal positionone test sample welded using 4 mm electrodes for thefirst pass and 5 mm electrodes for the remaining passes.This test sample need not be welded in the case of elec-trodes for which the execution of the same test samplein flat and vertical positions is required.

The grade of steel to be used for the preparation of the testassemblies is related to the grade of the electrodes as indi-cated in Tab 5.

For electrodes to be approved under grades 4 and 5, in lieuof the hull steels specified in Tab 5, C-Mn steels for pressurevessels of grades L40 and L60, respectively, and strengthappropriate to the electrode strength may be used.

The use of other type of steel is to be agreed with the Soci-ety on a case-by-case basis.

The welding is to be performed with the usual technique incompliance with the requirements specified in [2.3.2] forthe deposited metal test, as applicable. For all assemblies,the back sealing run is to be made with 4 mm diameterelectrodes, in the welding position appropriate to each testsample, after back gouging to sound metal. For electrodessuitable for downhand welding only, the test assembliesmay be turned over to carry out the backing seal.

Figure 2 : Butt weld test assembly

All the dimensions are in mm, unless otherwise indicated.

Table 5 : Grade of steel used for test assemblies

After being welded, the test assemblies are not to be subjected to any heat treatment except where approval hasbeen requested also in the stress relieved condition [2.3.5].In such case the symbol D is to be added to the grade desig-nation.

It is recommended and may be required that the weldedassemblies should be subjected to a radiographic examina-tion to ascertain if there are any defects in the weld prior tothe preparation of test specimens.

The test specimens shown in Fig 2 are to be taken for thefollowing tests:

a) one longitudinal tensile testb) three Charpy V-notch impact tests

c) one root and one bend test specimen.

2.3.4 Test requirements

The required results of tensile and impact tests on depositedmetal and butt weld tests are indicated in Tab 6.

Bend tests are to be performed on a mandrel having a diam-eter equal to three times the thickness of the specimen; theresults are to comply with requirements in [1.5.3].

2.3.5 Approval in the stress relieved conditionWhen the approval of the electrode is required with theadditional symbol D, relevant to the checking of themechanical properties in the stress relieved condition, thefollowing additional tests are to be performed on samplessubmitted to stress relieving in the furnace for 1 hour at600-650°C:

• one longitudinal tensile test and 3 Charpy V-notchimpact tests on the deposited metal test assemblywelded with the maximum diameter to be approved

• alternatively or in addition, at the Surveyor’s discretion,3 Charpy V-notch impact tests on the butt weld testwelded in flat and vertical position.

The impact tests are to be carried out at the temperaturespecified for the respective grades of electrodes.

Discard

3 charpy-V notch

55

1 5 -

2 0

2 - 3

3 0 ̊ 3 0 ˚

Min 100Min 100

5 0

6 0

3 0

3 0

Transversetensile

Face bend

Root bend

Discard

5 0

Electrode grade Steel grade (1)

1 A

2 A, B, D

3 - 4 A, B, D, E

2Y AH32-36, DH32-36

3Y AH32-36, DH32-36, EH32-36

4Y- 5Y AH32-36, DH32-36, EH32-36, FH32-36

2Y40 AH40, DH40

3Y40 AH40, DH40, EH40

4Y40 - 5Y40 AH40, DH40, EH40, FH40

(1) The tensile strength of grades AH32 to FH32 is to begreater than 490 N/mm 2.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2



2.4 Tests for checking the hydrogen content

2.4.1 General

When electrodes are to be approved with symbol H or H15,HH or H10, HHH or H5, tests are to be carried out to deter-mine the hydrogen content of the weld metal.

Low hydrogen electrodes are to subjected to a hydrogentest.

The hydrogen content is to be checked with the mercurymethod according to ISO standard 3690-2000 or anothercomparable method with the Society’s consent. The use of the glycerine method described in [2.4.2] may be admittedby the Society for symbols H and HH. For the assignment of the designation HHH, the hydrogen content is, in any case,to be checked with the mercury method according to theabove ISO standard.

2.4.2 Glycerine method

Four test samples are to be prepared measuring 12 x 25mm 2

in cross-section by about 125 mm in length. The parentmetal may be any grade of structural steel and, before weld-ing, the samples are to be weighed to the nearest 0,1 gram.On the 25 mm width surface of each specimen, a singlebead of welding is to be deposited by a 4 mm electrodeburning a length of about 150 mm of the electrode.Thewelding is to be carried out with an arc as short as possibleand with current of about 150 amp. Alternating current a.c.is to be used when the electrode is proposed for approvalwith both a.c. and d.c. Before welding, the electrodes maybe submitted to the normal drying process recommendedby the Manufacturer.

The procedure for determining the hydrogen content is asfollows:

a) within 30 seconds after the completion of the weld, theslag is to be removed and the samples quenched inwater at approximately 20°C

b) after 30 seconds in water, the samples are to be cleanedand deposited in an apparatus suitable for the collectionof the hydrogen by the displacement of glycerin (or par-

affin). During the test, the glycerin is to be maintained at45°C. All four samples are to be welded and subjectedto the hydrogen test within 30 minutes.

c) the samples are to be kept soaking in glycerin for 48hours; after being removed from the machine, the sam-ples are to be cleaned by means of water and alcohol,dried and weighed to the nearest 0,1 gram in order todetermine the amount of deposited metal

d) the amount of gas developed is to be measured to thenearest 0,05 cm 3 and corrected for temperature andpressure to 20°C and 760 mm Hg, respectively;

e) the individual and average diffusible hydrogen content

of the four specimens is to be reported and the averagevalue in cm 3, per 100 grams of deposited metal, is not toexceed the values specified for the symbol of the elec-trode concerned.

2.4.3 Hydrogen test requirements

The hydrogen content determined with the mercury or glyc-erine test is not to exceed the values given in Tab 7.

Table 7 : Diffusible hydrogen content of weld metal

GradeTensile test on deposited metal Tensile test on

butt weldCharpy V-notch impact testMinimum average energy (J)

Yield stress ReH

(N/mm2) min.


Elong A5

(%) min.Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2) min.Test temp.

(°C)Flat, Horizontal,

Overhead Vertical

1 305 400 - 560 22 400 + 20 47 34

2 0

3 − 20

4 − 40

2Y 375 490 - 660 22 490 0 47 34

3Y − 20

4Y − 40

5Y − 60

2Y40 400 510 - 690 22 510 0 47 393Y40 − 20

4Y40 − 40

5Y40 − 60

Symbol Mercury method Glycerine method

H15 (H) 15 10

H10 (HH) 10 5

H5 (HHH) 5 (1)

(1) Glycerine method is not allowed






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


2.5 Fillet weld test assemblies

2.5.1 Fillet weld test assemblies are required for electrodessubmitted for approval for fillet welding only and may berequired, during the first approval tests at the Surveyor’s dis-cretion, for electrodes submitted for approval for both buttand fillet welding. In the latter case, only one sample inhorizontal-vertical position is generally to be welded.

When the electrode is proposed for fillet welding only, filletweld assemblies for each welding position (horizontal-verti-cal, vertical upward, vertical downward or overhead) rec-ommended by the Manufacturer and deposited weld metaltest as indicated in [2.3.2] are to be welded. The test assem-blies, as shown in Fig 3, are to have a length L sufficient toallow at least the deposition of the entire length of the elec-trode being tested.

Plates in normal hull structural steel having thickness 15-20mm are used.

Figure 3 : Fillet weld test assembly

2.5.2 The test sample is to be welded on both sides; the firstside is to be welded with the maximum diameter and thesecond side with the minimum diameter. The sizes of thebeads are about 9 x 9 and 6 x 6 mm 2 for the first and secondbeads, respectively.

2.5.3 After visual examination and assessment, three sec-

tions for macrographic examination are to be taken fromeach test sample as indicated in Fig 4 (one in the middleand one at each end). These are to be examined for rootpenetration, satisfactory profile, freedom from cracking andreasonable freedom from porosity and slag inclusions.

Vickers hardness measurements are to be carried out to theSurveyor’s satisfaction on the above sections in the positionsindicated in Fig 5.

The hardness of the weld metal obtained is to be:

• ≥ 120 HV for normal strength level

• ≥ 150 HV for high strength level up to R eH = 355 N/mm 2

• ≥ 170 HV for high strength level up to R eH = 390 N/mm 2.

The hardness of both heat affected zone H.A.Z. and basemetal is also to be determined and is to be reported forinformation.

Figure 4 : Sections for macrographic examination

Figure 5 : Hardness readings

The dimensions are in mm.

2.5.4 The two parts obtained upon sectioning the sampleare to be subjected to fracture as in [2.3.2] after having pre-viously removed the welding bead from one side (on onepart the first and on the other the second deposited beads).The fractured surfaces are to be examined for root penetra-tion, satisfactory profile, freedom from cracks and reasona-ble freedom from porosity.

2.5.5 These tests may partially replace the T fillet jointswhen required in [2.3.2].

2.6 Annual control tests

2.6.1 The annual tests are to include at least the following:

a) two deposited metal test assemblies are to prepared inaccordance with [2.3.2] and the required tests (one lon-gitudinal tensile test and 3 Charpy V-notch impact tests)are to be conducted. For electrodes approved for filletweld only, and not suitable for butt-joints, only onedeposited metal test with the maximum diameter is tobe carried out.

b) at the discretion of the Society, a butt weld test to bewelded in vertical position may be required in lieu of the deposited metal test with electrodes of 4 mm

c) the check of the hydrogen content may be required forelectrodes approved with symbol HH (or H10) and isrequired for electrodes approved with symbol HHH (orH5)

1 2 0

1 2 0

12 to 15

1 2 t o

1 5

Tack welds

8 0

80 Stiffeners :on the horizontal plate.height 10 mm

Weldingposition

2520 2525

~ 150

~ 1 5 0

~ 2 0

50 50

~ 1/2 L ~ 1/2 L

L

20

Base metal

Hardness reading

Base metalHAZ

2 0






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


d) the chemical composition may be required to bechecked under conditions corresponding to those of theapproval tests

The welding and test procedures, the type of current, thematerials, the test results and the re-test procedures, where

applicable, are regulated by the requirements relative to theapproval tests.

3 Covered electrodes for gravity orcontact welding

3.1 Scope

3.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to coveredelectrodes when submitted for approval for use in gravitywelding, using automatic gravity or similar welding devices.

3.2 Approval tests

3.2.1 Where the electrode is submitted for approval for thegravity welding technique only, deposited metal tests[2.3.2], fillet weld tests [2.5] and, where appropriate, buttweld tests [2.3.3] similar to those for manual electrodes areto be carried out with such technique.

3.2.2 Where the electrode is submitted for approval for thegravity welding technique in addition to normal manualwelding, fillet weld tests and, where appropriate, butt weldtests are to be carried out with the gravity process, in addi-tion to the normal approval tests.

3.2.3 The fillet weld test is to be gravity welded using thelongest size of electrode manufactured. The Manufacturer’srecommended current range is to be reported for each elec-trode size.

The results of the tests are to comply with the requirementsspecified in [2.5.3] and [2.5.4].


3.3.1 Where the electrode is approved only for gravitywelding, the annual test is to consist of at least one depos-ited weld metal test assembly using such process. If theelectrode is approved also for manual arc welding, theannual test is to be performed as indicated in [2.6.1].

4 Covered electrodes for deeppenetration manual welding of C andC-Mn steels

4.1 Scope

4.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to deep pene-tration electrodes to be used for downhand butt and fillet

welding and horizontal-vertical fillet welding.Deep penetration electrodes may be approved as grade 1electrodes only and are to be given the additional symbolD.P.

Approvals limited to butt-joints only may be considered. Inthese cases, the test sample specified in [4.2.2] is notrequired.

4.1.2 The welding of butt-joints in flat position is to be per-formed on square groove edges.When the Manufacturer requires that the approval isextended to cover butt-welded joints having a single Veeedge preparation, all the tests required in [2] for normaltype electrodes used in flat position are to be carried out, inaddition to the tests required in this Article.

4.1.3 Test samples relative to the approval of deep penetra-tion electrodes are to be welded with the type and theintensity of current recommended by the Manufacturer.When it is intended that the approval is valid for use withboth d.c. and a.c. currents, the test samples are to bewelded with a.c. current.

4.1.4 As regards the procedure for the approval, the prepa-ration and welding of samples, the specimens and testing,the requirements specified in [2] for ordinary electrodes areto be complied with, in so far as applicable.

4.2 Approval tests

4.2.1 Butt weld test assemblyThe following test sample in grade A structural steel orequivalent steel to the Surveyor’s satisfaction is to bewelded:• one butt-welded sample, with square groove edges,

made of two plates having width ≥ 100 mm and a thick-ness equal to twice the diameter of the core of the elec-trode plus 2 mm; such sample is to be welded in flatposition with the maximum electrode diameter forwhich the approval has been requested, with a singlepass on each side (see Fig 6).

The edges are to be accurately cut and in good contact (notmore than 0,25 mm between edges for the full length of the

joint).

The specimens for the following tests are to be taken afterhaving discarded a length of 35 mm from each end:• two transverse tensile tests

• one face and one root bend• three Charpy V-notch impact tests• two macrographic examinations.

4.2.2 Fillet weld test assemblyThe following test sample in grade A structural steel orequivalent steel to the Surveyor’s satisfaction is to bewelded:• one Tee-joint sample having length ≥ 160 mm and

thickness about 12-15 mm, to be welded in horizontalposition with a 4 mm electrode on one side and with anelectrode of the maximum diameter to be approved on

the other side.The edges are to be accurately cut and the gap betweenthe plates is to be not more than 0,25 mm for the fulllength of the joint as shown in Fig 7.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Two cross-sections are to be obtained from the sample atabout 35 mm from each end; the two cross-sections are tobe subjected to a macrographic examination (see Fig 7).

Figure 6 : Deep penetration butt weld test assembly

All the dimensions are in mm.

Figure 7 : Deep penetration fillet weld test assembly

4.2.3 Test requirementsThe results required for the tests mentioned in [4.2.1] and[4.2.2] are specified in the following items a) and b):a) Butt weld test assembly:

• bend tests on a mandrel having diameter equal tothree times the thickness of the sample: bend angleα ≥ 120°

• transverse tensile test: R m ≥ 410 N/mm 2

• impact tests at about +20°C; minimum absorbedenergy (average value of three tests): KV ≥ 47J

• the macrographic examinations are to show a com-plete compenetration of the welds on the two sides.

b) Fillet weld test assembly:• the fillet deposited with the 4 mm electrode is to

show a penetration not less than 4 mm (see Fig 7)• the penetration obtained by the fillet deposited with

the maximum diameter of electrode on the otherside is to be measured and reported for informationpurposes only.

4.2.4 Maximum thickness which can be weldedUpon satisfactory completion of the tests mentioned in theabove paragraphs, the Manufacturer is to prepare and sub-mit to the Society a table showing the maximum thicknesswhich can be welded, with square groove edges, with eachdiameter of electrode included in the approval and with theintensity of current necessary for the relevant electrode.The table, which forms an integral and essential part of theapproval documentation, is to substantially conform to themaximum thickness value verified in the test in [4.2.1].


4.3.1 One test sample, as illustrated in Fig 6 or Fig 7 asapplicable, is required; such sample is to be welded withelectrodes having the maximum approved diameter.The required tests and the relevant requirements are thoseindicated in [4.2.1], [4.2.2] and [4.2.3]; however, only onetransverse tensile test is required.For electrodes approved for both normal and deep penetra-tion welding in the downhand position, a deep penetrationweld test, as above, is to be carried out in addition to the

deposited weld metal tests required for normal penetration.

5 Flux-wire combination forsubmerged arc welding of C and C-Mn steels

5.1 Scope

5.1.1 GeneralThe requirements of this Article apply to wire flux combina-tion for submerged arc welding of hull structural steels, of the corresponding grades of steel forgings and castings and

of comparable steels intended for other structural applica-tions or pressure systems.Approvals granted in accordance with these requirementsare valid for standard single wire welding.

Thickness of plate twicecore of electrode plus 2 mm

Discard

Macro

Charpy V-notch

Face bend

Root bend

Transverse tensile

Discard

Macro

Transverse tensile

0,25 max

100 min. 100 min.

3 5

1 0

3 0

3 0

5 0

5 0

1 0

3 5

12,5 - 15

Maximum size ofelectrode manufactured

4 mm electrode

0 , 2

5

Penetration tobe reported

4 min. 1 2

, 5 -

1 5






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Other techniques, such as tandem or multi-wire welding,and one side welding on flux or backing, are to be submit-ted to separate approval tests. These tests are generally to becarried out in accordance with the requirements of this Arti-cle and are detailed, on a case-by-case basis, depending onthe welding procedure proposed.

5.1.2 Type of wires

Types of wires identified by the chemical compositionshown in Tab 8 are generally to be used.

Chemical composition of wires other than those given inTab 8 are to be submitted.

5.1.3 Designation

Wire flux combinations are divided, for the various strengthlevels, into the following grades as defined in [1.2.2] :


b) 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, 5Y for high strength grades with specifiedminimum yield strength up to 355 N/mm 2


The prefix A is added to the grade.

Depending on the welding technique, the following sym-bols are added as a suffix to the grade :

• T for use with two-run technique

• M for use with multi-run technique

• TM for use with both techniques.


The following information and supporting documentation,as applicable, are generally to be submitted together withthe request for approval:

a) commercial name of the flux, for which the approval isrequested; type of flux (fused or conglomerate)

b) commercial name of the associated wire, limits of chemical composition and diameters to be approved

c) grading under which the approval is requested; type of current and welding positions

d) typical chemical composition of the deposited metal,with particular reference to the contents of Mn, Si andalloying elements

e) recommendations, where applicable, regarding therange of the welding parameters (current, voltage andwelding speed)

f) previous approvals granted to the proposed wire-fluxcombination.

Table 8 : Wire chemical composition

Table 9 : Test assemblies and mechanical tests required

Type of wire

Chemical composition

C max. Mn Si max. P max. S max. Al max. Cr max. Ni max. Cu max. Mo

1 0,13 0,40 - 0,65 0,15 (2) 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,15 0,25 0,30 (3)

2 0,15 0,80 - 1,20

3 0,15 1,30 - 1,70

4 0,15 1,80 - 2,20 (1)

5 0,16 2,30 - 2,70

(1) A content lower by not more than 0,05% is acceptable.(2) Wires having chemical composition 1 may be of rimmed steel; the other wires may be of Si and/or Al killed or semi-killed

steels. Approval may be granted to wires having Si content up to 0,40%, depending on the type of wire concerned.(3) For all wires Mo may be included in the proposed composition in the range 0,45-0,60 %; the content is to be stated by the

Manufacturer at the time of the request for approval of the wire-flux combination.

Weldingtechnique

Test assembly Tests required (1)

Type Number Thickness (mm) Dimensions

M Deposited metal test 1 20 Fig 8 2TL - 3KV

Butt weld test 1 20 - 25 Fig 9 2TT - 2RB - 2FB - 3KV

T Butt weld test 1 12 - 15 Fig 11 2TT - 2RB - 2FB - 3KV

Butt weld test 1 20 - 25 Fig 11 1TL - 2TT - 2RB - 2FB - 3KV

Butt weld test 1 30 - 35 Fig 11 1TL - 2TT - 2RB -2FB - 3KV

TM (2)(1) Abbreviations: TL = longitudinal tensile test; TT = transverse tensile test; RB = root bend test; FB = face bend test;

KV = Charpy V-notch impact test.(2) Tests for both techniques are required; only one longitudinal tensile test is required on the deposited metal test.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


5.2 Approval tests

5.2.1 General

The test assemblies required for approval are specified in[5.2.2] to [5.2.7] and summarised in Tab 9, depending on

the welding technique to be approved.A few preliminary samples may be required by the Surveyorto be welded, in order to check the operating characteristicsand set up the welding parameters.

5.2.2 Multi-run technique (M)

Where approval for use with multi-run technique isrequested, deposited weld metal and butt weld tests are tobe carried out as indicated in [5.2.3] and [5.2.4], respec-tively.

5.2.3 Deposited metal test

One deposited metal test is to be welded, as shown in Fig 8,in general with a wire having diameter of 4 mm.

Any grade of ship structural steel may be used for the prepa-ration of the test assembly.

The welding conditions (amperage, voltage and travelspeed) are to be in accordance with the recommendationsof the Manufacturer and are to conform with normal goodwelding practice.

Figure 8 : Deposited metal test


The weld metal is deposited in multi-run layers and thedirection of deposition of each layer is in general to alter-nate from each end of the plate. After completion of eachrun, the flux and welding slag are to be removed. Betweeneach run, the assembly is to be left in still air until it hascooled to less than 250°C but not below 100°C, the temper-ature being taken in the centre of the weld on the surface of the seam. The thickness of each layer is to be neither lessthan the diameter of the wire nor less than 4mm. Afterbeing welded, the test assemblies are not to be subjected toany heat treatment, except where approval has also beenrequested in the stress relieved condition. In such case thesymbol D is to be added to the grade designation.

The specimens shown in Fig 8 are to be taken for the fol-lowing tests:

a) two longitudinal tensile tests

b) three Charpy V-notch impact tests.

The results of the tests are to comply with the requirementsof Tab 12, as appropriate.

The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal of thetest assembly is to be supplied by the Manufacturer and isto include the content of all significant alloying elements, if any.

5.2.4 Butt weld tests for multi-run techniqueOne butt weld test assembly is to be welded as shown inFig 9 in general with a wire having diameter of 4 mm.



200

10˚

2012

16

50

Tack weld

Tensile

30

1010101010

Impact

Line of cut

Tensile

30

Impact3 Charpy-VTest-pieces

Tensile

Tensile

Bend

Bend

Bend

Bend

Discard

Discard

60˚

4 20150 mm150 mm

50

30

30

30

30

50

10

10

10






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Table 10 : Grade of steel used for test assemblies

The grade of steel to be used for the preparation of the testassemblies is related to the grade of the wire-flux combina-tion as indicated in Tab 10.

At the discretion of the Society, approval of multi-run weld-ing of both normal and higher strength steel may beobtained by making a butt weld on higher tensile steel only.

For flux to be approved under grades 4 and 5, in lieu of thehull steels specified in Tab 10, C-Mn steels for pressure ves-sels of grades L40 and L60, respectively, and strength appro-priate to the wire flux combination strength may be used.

The use of other types of steel is to be agreed with the Soci-ety on a case-by-case basis.

The welding is to be performed by the multi-run techniqueand the welding conditions are to be the same as those

adopted for the deposit weld metal assembly. The back seal-ing run is to be made with the welding parameters used forthe filling pass, after back gouging to sound metal.

After being welded, the test assemblies are not to be subjected to any heat treatment except where approval has also

been requested in the stress relieved condition [5.2.7]. Insuch case the symbol D is to be added to the grade designa-tion.

It is recommended that the welded assemblies should besubjected to a radiographic examination to ascertain if thereare any defects in the weld prior to the preparation of testspecimens.

The test specimens, shown in Fig 9, are to be taken for thefollowing tests:

a) two transverse tensile tests

b) three Charpy V-notch impact tests

c) two root and two bend tests.The results of the tests are to comply with the requirementsof [5.2.6], as appropriate.

5.2.5 Two-run technique (T)

Where approval for use with two-run technique only isrequested, two butt weld test assemblies are to be carriedout as indicated in Tab 11 and no deposited metal test isrequested.

The grade of steel to be used for the preparation of the testassemblies is related to the grade of the wire flux combina-tion as indicated in Tab 10.

Each strength level requires separate approval.

For flux to be approved under grades 4 and 5, in lieu of thehull steels specified in Tab 10, C-Mn steels for pressure ves-sels of grades L40 and L60, respectively, and strength appro-priate to the wire flux combination strength may be used .

Table 11 : Two-run technique butt weld test assemblies

Figure 10 : Recommended edge preparation for two-run technique

Wire fluxcombination grade Steel grade (1)

1 A

2 A, B, D3 - 4 A, B, D, E

1Y AH 32-36

2Y AH 32-36, DH 32-36

3Y AH32-36, DH32-36, EH32-36

4Y - 5Y AH32-36, DH32-36, EH32-36, FH32-36

2Y40 AH40, DH40

3Y40 AH40, DH40, EH40

4Y40 - 5Y40 AH40, DH40, EH40, FH40

(1) The tensile strength of grades AH32 to FH32 is to begreater than 490 N/mm 2 .

Grade Plate thickness (mm) Recommended preparation (2) Maximum diameter of wire (mm)

1 - 1Y 12 - 15 Fig 10 (a) 5

20 - 25 Fig 10 (b) 6

2, 3, 4, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, 5Y, 20 - 25 (1) Fig 10 (b) 6

2Y40, 3Y40, 4Y40, 5Y40 30 - 35 (1) Fig 10 (c) 7(1) A limitation of the approval to the lower and medium thickness range (up to the maximum welded plate thickness) may be

agreed to by the Society and the test pieces are then to be welded from plates of thickness 12-15 mm and 20-25 mm, irrespec-tive of the quality grade.

(2) Minor deviations in the weld preparation are admissible; the root gap is to be practically constant and generally is not to exceed0,7 mm.

1 2

1 5

8

1 2

(a)

60˚ 70˚

(b)

3 0

3 5

70˚

8 1 2

(c)

2 0

2 5






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2



The welding is to be performed in two runs, one from eachside, using voltage and travel speed in accordance with therecommendation of the Manufacturer and normal good

welding practice. In general, the following values of currentparameters are to be complied with for welding the secondrun:

• 700-800 A for samples having thickness 12-15 mm

• 900-1000 A for samples having thickness 20-25 mm

• 1100-1200 A for samples having thickness 30-35 mm.

After the completion of the first run, the flux and weldingslag are to be removed and the assembly left in still air untilit has cooled to 100°C, the temperature being taken in thecentre of the weld, on the surface of the seam.

After being welded, the test assemblies are not to be sub-

jected to any heat treatment except where approval has alsobeen requested in the stress relieved condition. In such casethe symbol D is to be added to the grade designation.

The test assemblies are to be subjected to radiographicexamination to ascertain freedom from lack of penetrationor other defects in the weld, prior to the preparation of testspecimens.

The test specimens, shown in Fig 11, are to be taken for thefollowing tests:

a) two transverse tensile tests


c) two root and two bend tests.Where the approval is required for two-run technique only,one longitudinal tensile specimen is to be taken from thethicker plate, as shown in Fig 11.

The results of the tests are to comply with the requirementsof [5.2.6], as appropriate.

The chemical analysis of the weld metal of the second runin each test assembly is to be supplied by the Manufacturerand is to include the content of all significant alloying ele-ments, if any.

Figure 11 : Butt weld test assemblyfor two-run technique


Table 12 : Required mechanical properties

Min. 150 Min. 150

Tensile specimen

Bend specimen

Impactspecimen

50

30 mm forplates up to25 mm thickness

10

30

50

Bend specimen

Tensile specimen

Longitudinaltensile(cylindricalspecimen)

2 nd run2 max10

10

10

GradeTensile test on deposited metal Tensile test on butt weld Charpy V-notch impact test

Yield stress ReH

(N/mm2) min.Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2)Elong. A5 (%) min.

Tensile strength R m

(N/mm2) min.Test temp.

(°C)Minimum average

energy (J)

1 305 400 - 560 22 400 + 20 34

2 0

3 − 20

4 − 40

1Y 375 490 - 660 22 490 + 20 34

2Y 0

3Y − 20

4Y − 40

5Y − 60

2Y40 400 510 - 690 22 510 0 39

3Y40 − 20

4Y40 − 40

5Y40 − 60






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


5.2.6 Tests requirements


Bend tests are to be performed on a mandrel having a diam-eter equal to three times the thickness of the specimen; theresults are to comply with requirements in [1.5.3].

5.2.7 Approval in the stress relieved condition

When the approval of the wire flux combination is requiredwith the additional symbol D, relevant to the checking of the mechanical properties in the stress relieved condition,the following additional tests are to be carried out on sam-ples submitted to stress relieving in the furnace for one hourat 600-650°C:

a) Two-run technique (T)

• one longitudinal and one transverse tensile test,three Charpy V-notch impact tests on the face androot side of the butt welded assembly having themaximum thickness.

b) Multi-run technique (M)

• one longitudinal tensile test on the deposited metaltest and one transverse tensile test on the butt weldtest

• three Charpy V-notch impact tests on depositedmetal and butt weld tests.


5.3.1 The periodical control tests are to include at least thefollowing:

a) Two-run technique (T)

• one butt weld test assembly with plate thickness 20-25 mm from which one transverse tensile, two bendtests (one root and one face bend) and three impacttests are to be taken. One longitudinal tensile test isalso to be prepared for wire flux combinationsapproved solely for the two-run technique.

b) Multi-run technique (M)

• one deposited metal test assembly from which oneall weld metal longitudinal tensile test and threeCharpy V-notch impact tests are to be taken.

c) T and M techniques (TM)

• the test assemblies and relevant tests required for Tand M techniques are to be carried out. The longitu-dinal tensile test specified in a) for T technique is notrequired.

5.3.2 The weld and test procedures, the type of current, thematerials, the test results and the re-test procedures, whereapplicable, are regulated by the requirements relative to theapproval tests.

Where a wire flux combination is approved for weldingboth normal strength and higher strength steels, the steels of the highest strength approved are to be used for the prepa-ration of the butt weld assembly required by the T tech-nique, in order to also cover the lower strength levels.

6 Flux-wire combinations for one sidesubmerged arc welding of butt-jointsof C and C-Mn steels

6.1 Scope

6.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to flux- wirecombinations for submerged-arc welding processes withhigh current, used for one side welding (U welding tech-nique) of butt-joints with one or more layers (in general notmore than two layers).The welding machine may have one or more weldingheads. A suitable backing support, for example a flux layerand support equipment, may be adopted.The requirements of Article [5] are also to be compliedwith, as applicable, unless otherwise stated in this Article.

6.2 Designation6.2.1 The prefix A and the suffix U are added to the gradeas defined in [1.2.7].

6.3 Approval tests

6.3.1 The edge preparation of the various samples and thewelding parameters to be used are those proposed by theManufacturer and they are to be reported in the approvalcertificate; they are to be appropriate to ensure completefusion and satisfactory surface appearance.The specimens which are required to be obtained from thesamples are the same as indicated in [5.2.5] except forimpact test specimens, which are to be taken as follows (seeFig 12):a) for samples of thickness s = 12-15 mm: three specimens

at mid-thicknessb) for samples of thickness s = 20-25 mm: six specimens,

three near each surfacec) for samples of thickness s = 30-35 mm: nine specimens,

three near each surface and three at mid-thickness.

Figure 12 : Position of Charpy V-notch impact testfor one side automatic welding

2

10

10

2

2

2

10

10

10

3 0

3 5

2 0

2 5






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Table 13 : Solid wire chemical composition

7 Wires and wire-gas combination forsemiautomatic welding of C andC-Mn steels

7.1 Scope

7.1.1 The requirements of this Article apply to bare wire gascombinations and flux cored or flux coated wires with orwithout shielding gases, to be used for semiautomatic weld-ing of hull structural steels, of the corresponding grades of steel forgings and castings and of comparable steels intendedfor other structural applications or pressure systems.The term semiautomatic is used to describe processes inwhich the weld is made manually by a welder holding a

gun through which the wire is continuously feed. For thepurpose of the approval designation, this technique is iden-tified by the symbol S.

7.2 Type of wires

7.2.1 The chemical composition of bare wires normallyused is shown in Tab 13.Types G3Si1 and G4Si1 are particularly intended for weld-ing processes under CO2 shielding gas and the other typesfor welding processes where mixtures of shielding gases areused.Chemical composition of wires other than those given in

Tab 13 are to be submitted to the society.

7.3 Shielding gases

7.3.1 Where applicable, the composition of the weldinggas is to be reported.For the purpose of the approval, the type of gas and mixtureof gas are grouped as indicated in Tab 14.Unless otherwise required for specific applications, gasmixtures in the same group are considered equivalent forapproval purposes.

7.4 Designation

7.4.1 Wire gas combinations are divided, for the variousstrength levels, into the following grades as defined in[1.2.2] :




The prefix S or SA is added to indicate semiautomatic weld-ing technique.

7.4.2 Flux cored or flux coated wires may be required to besubmitted to the hydrogen test as detailed in [2.4], using theManufacturer’s recommended welding conditions andadjusting the deposition rate to give a weight of welddeposit per sample similar to that deposited when usingmanual electrodes.

On the basis of the test results, the welding consumablesmay be given one of the symbols H (or H15), HH (or H10),HHH (or H5), as appropriate.

Table 14 : Composition of gas mixturesfor continuous wire welding process

Type of wire


C max Mn Si P max S max Cr max Ni max Cu max (1) Mo

G2Si 0,14 0,90 - 1,30 0,50 - 0,80 0,025 0,025 0,15 0,15 0,35 −

G3Si1 0,14 1,30 - 1,60 0,70 - 1,00

G4Si1 0,14 1,60 - 1,90 0,80 - 1,20

G4Mo 0,14 1,70 - 2,10 0,50 - 0,80 0,40 - 0,60

G4Si 0,14 1,60 - 1,90 0,80 - 1,20 −

(1) Including surface lining(2) Al, Ti, Zr may be added by the Manufacturer and the values are to be submitted to the Society for consideration at the time of

the request for the approval; reference may be made to the limits of EN 440.

Groupsymbol

Composition of gas mixtures in volume (%)

Ar (1) H2 C02 02

C 1 100 −

C2 70 - 99 1 - 30

M11 90 - 98 1 - 5 1 - 5 −

M12 95 - 99 1 - 5 −

M13 97 - 99 − − 1 - 3

M14 92 - 98 − 1 - 5 1 - 3

M21 75 - 94 − 6 - 25 −

M22 90 - 96 − − 4 - 10

M23 67 - 93 − 6 - 25 1 - 8

M31 50 - 74 − 26 - 50 −

M32 85 - 89 − − 11 - 15

M33 35 - 85 − 6 - 50 9 - 15

(1) Argon may be replaced by Helium up to 95% of theargon content.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Table 15 : Test assemblies and mechanical tests required

7.5 Information and documentation to besubmitted

7.5.1 The following information and supporting documen-tation, as appropriate, are generally to be submittedtogether with the request for approval:a) commercial name, type of wire, limits of chemical com-

position in the case of bare wiresb) grading under which the approval is requested; type of

current, welding positionsc) type of shielding gas or gas mixture; commercial brand

and Manufacturer, in the case of gas mixtures of specialtypes

d) typical chemical composition of the deposited metal,with particular reference to the contents of Mn, Si andalloying elements

e) recommendations, where applicable, regarding therange of the welding parameters (current, voltage andwelding speed)

f) previous approvals granted to the proposed gas wirecombination.

7.6 Approval tests

7.6.1 GeneralDeposited metal and butt weld tests are to be performed asindicated in [7.6.2] and [7.6.3], and summarised in Tab 15.

A few preliminary samples may be required by the Surveyorto be welded, in order to check the operating characteristicsand set up the welding parameters. These tests may be lim-ited to the fillet test assemblies required in [7.6.7].


Two deposited metal test assemblies are to be welded in theflat position as shown in Fig 1, one using a wire of 1,2mmor the smallest size to be approved and the other using awire of 2,4 mm or the largest size to be approved. If onlyone diameter is available, one test assembly is sufficient.Any grade of hull structural steel may be used for the prepa-ration of the test assembly.

The preparation is to be in accordance with Fig 1; however,the angle of the bevel and the gap at the root may be modi-fied depending on the welding process.

The weld metal is to be deposited in multi-run layersaccording to the normal practice (with wide beads extend-ing for the full width of the bevel), as far as this is correctlyfeasible, regardless of the diameter of the wire; the directionof deposition of each layer is in general to alternate fromeach end of the plate, each run of weld metal having thick-ness in the range 2 mm to 6 mm (compenetration included).Between each run the assembly is to be left in still air until ithas cooled to less than 250°C but not below 100°C, thetemperature being taken in the centre of the weld on thesurface of the seam. After being welded, the test assembliesare not to be subjected to any heat treatment except whereapproval has also been requested in the stress relieved con-dition. In such case the symbol D is to be added to thegrade designation.

The specimens shown in Fig 1 are to be taken for the fol-

lowing tests:a) one longitudinal tensile test

b) three Charpy V-notch impact tests.

Test assemblyTests required (1)

Type Welding position(2)

Wire diameter(mm)

Number of samples

Thickness(mm) Dimensions

Depositedmetal

Flat Max. 1 (3) 20 Fig 1 1 TL - 3KV

1,2 or min. 1

Butt weld Flat First run: 1,2 or min.Remaining run: max

1 (4) 15 - 20 Fig 13 2TT - 1RB - 1FB - 3KV

Vertical upward 1 2TT - 1RB - 1FB - 3SB - 3KV

Vertical downward 1 2TT - 1RB - 1FB - 3SB - 3KV

Horizontal 1 2TT - 1RB - 1FB - 3SB - 3KV

Overhead 1 2TT - 1RB - 1FB - 3SB - 3KV

Fillet (5) First side: min. diam. 1 15 - 20 Fig 3Fig 4Fig 5

Macro-Fracture-Hardness

Second side: max.diam.

(1) Abbreviations: TL = longitudinal tensile test; TT = transverse tensile test; RB = root bend test; FB = face bend test;SB = side bend test; KV = Charpy V-notch impact test.

(2) When the approval is requested only for one or more specified welding positions, the butt test samples are to be welded in suchpositions.

(3) If only one diameter is to be approved, only one test assembly is required.(4) When the approval is requested in flat position only, two test samples are to be welded - the first sample with the maximum

wire diameter and the second with increasing diameter from the first to the last pass.(5) Fillet weld samples are to be welded in the position required for approval.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal in eachtest assembly is to be supplied by the Manufacturer and isto include the content of all significant alloying elements, if any.

In general the chemical composition (C, Mn, Si) is deter-

mined near the surface of the final pass and is to bereported for information.

7.6.3 Butt weld tests

Butt weld test assemblies as shown in Fig 13 are to bewelded for each welding position (flat, horizontal, verticalupwards and downards and overhead) for which the wiregas combination is to be approved.

One test sample is to welded in downhand position using,for the first run, a wire of 1,2 mm or the smallest diameter tobe approved and, for the remaining runs, wires of the maxi-mum diameter to be approved.

Where wires are intended for flat position only, one addi-tional test sample is to be welded, if possible using wires of different diameters from those required above.

The other test assemblies are to be welded in the verticalupwards, downwards, horizontal and overhead positions,using for the first run a wire of 1,2 mm or the smallest diam-eter to be approved, and for the remaining runs the largestdiameter to be approved for the position concerned.



The grade of steel to be used for the preparation of the testassemblies is related to the grade of the electrodes as indi-cated in Tab 5.

For the electrodes to be approved under grades 4 and 5, inlieu of the hull steels specified in Tab 5, C-Mn steels for

pressure vessels of grades L40 and L60, respectively, andstrength appropriate to the electrode strength may be used.


The welding is to be performed with the usual technique incompliance with requirements specified in [7.6.2] for thedeposited metal test, as applicable. For all assemblies, theback sealing run is to be made with the same diameter of wire or with the largest diameter of wire used for the weldon the other side.

After being welded, the test assemblies are not to be subjected to any heat treatment except where approval has also

been requested in the stress relieved condition. In such casethe symbol D is to be added to the grade designation.

It is recommended and may be required that the weldedassemblies should be subjected to a radiographic examina-tion to ascertain if there are any defects in the weld prior tothe preparation of test specimens.


a) one longitudinal tensile test


c) one face and one root bend tests.

Three additional side bend tests [1.5.4] may be required bythe Surveyor to be carried out for samples welded in verti-cal, horizontal and overhead positions.



Bend tests are to be performed on a mandrel having a diam-eter equal to three times the thickness of the specimen; theresults are to comply with the requirements in [1.5.3].

7.6.5 Approval in the stress relieved condition

The requirements set forth in [2.3.5] apply.7.6.6 Tests for checking the hydrogen content

When the additional symbols HH (or H10) or HHH ( or H5)are required, the provisions under [2.4] apply.

7.6.7 Fillet weld test assemblies

Fillet weld test assemblies are generally required in additionto the butt weld test and are to be welded in each of thepositions applied for approval (horizontal-vertical, vertical,overhead). The requirements set forth in [2.5] apply, asappropriate.


7.7.1 The annual tests are to include at least the followingassemblies and tests:

150 150

S.B.

T.T.

F.B.

R.B.

M.

KV.

S.B.

KV.

~ 200

1 0 S.B.

discard

2 0

s p a r e






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2



a) One deposited metal test assembly is to be welded inaccordance with [7.6.2] with wire having minimum ormaximum diameter, and the required tests (one longitu-dinal tensile test and three Charpy V-notch impact tests)are to be conducted.

b) At the discretion of the Society, a butt weld test, to bewelded in vertical position, may also be required andthree side bend tests and three Charpy V-notch impacttests are to be performed.

c) For flux cored wire electrodes approved with symbolHH (or H10) or HHH (or H5), the hydrogen contentmay be required to be checked with the same procedureused in the approval tests.

d) The chemical composition may be required to bechecked under conditions corresponding to those of theapproval tests.

The weld and test procedures, the type of current, the mate-rials, the test results and the re-test procedures, where appli-cable, are regulated by the requirements relative to theapproval tests.

8 Wires and wire-gas combinations forautomatic welding of C and C-Mn steels

8.1 Scope

8.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to bare wire-gas com-binations and flux cored or flux coated wires with or with-out shielding gases to be used for automatic weldingprocesses with multi-run technique (M) and two-run tech-nique (T).

As regards preliminary information and requirements notexpressly stated in this Article, reference may be made asfar as applicable to the corresponding requirements of Arti-cle [7].

8.2 Designation

8.2.1 Wire gas combinations are divided, for the variousstrength levels, into the following grades as defined in[1.2.2] :




The prefix A is added to indicate automatic welding tech-nique.

8.3 Approval tests

8.3.1 General

Test samples for the approval are to be carried out using thewelding technique for which approval is requested (multi-run M or two-run T technique).

In the case of the multi-run welding technique using wirediameters approved with the semiautomatic process, thetests are not to be repeated with the automatic process.

8.3.2 Multi-run technique

Where approval for use with the multi-run technique (M) isrequested, deposited weld metal and butt weld tests are tobe carried out as indicated in [8.3.3] and [8.3.4], respec-tively.

GradeTensile test on deposited metal Tensile test on butt

weldCharpy V-notch impact testMinimum average energy (J)

Yield stress ReH

(N/mm2) min.

Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2)

Elong A5

(%) min.

Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2) min.

Test temp.

(°C)

Flat, Horizontal,

OverheadVertical

1 305 400 - 560 22 400 + 20 47 34

2 0

3 − 20

4 − 40

1Y 375 490 - 660 22 490 + 20 47 34

2Y 0

3Y − 20

4Y − 40

5Y − 60

2Y40 400 510 - 690 22 510 0 47 393Y40 − 20

4Y40 − 40

5Y40 − 60






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2




One deposited metal test is to be welded as shown in Fig 8;The base metal, the preparation of the test assembly weld-ing, the checks and the number of tests required are to be asindicated in [5.2.3], except that the thickness of each layeris to be not less than 3 mm.

The wire diameter, type of current and welding parametersare to be in accordance with the recommendation of the

Manufacturer.The results of the tests are to comply with the requirementsof Tab 17.

8.3.4 Butt weld tests for multi-run technique

One butt weld assembly is to be welded as shown in Fig 9for each position to be approved; the base metal, the prepa-ration of the test assembly welding, the checks and thenumber of test specimens required are to be as indicated in[5.2.4].

The diameter of the wire, type of current and weldingparameters are to be in accordance with the recommenda-tion of the Manufacturer.The results of the tests are to comply with the requirementsof Tab 17.

8.3.5 Two-run technique

Where approval for use with the two-run technique only (T)is requested, two butt weld test assemblies are to be carriedout and no deposited metal test is requested.

The indications in [5.2.5] generally apply if not modifiedbelow, except that one test assembly is to be 12-15 mmthick and the other is to be 20 mm thick.

The bevel preparation of the test assemblies is to be asshown in Fig 14. Small deviations in the edge preparationmay be allowed according to the Manufacturer’s recom-mendations.

Figure 14 : Recommended edge preparationfor two-run butt weld test assemblies

If approval is requested for welding plates thicker than20 mm, one assembly is to be prepared with plates 20 mmthick and the other with the maximum thickness for whichthe approval is requested. For assemblies using plates over25 mm in thickness, the edge preparation used is to bereported for information.

The base metal, checks and number of test specimensrequired are to be as indicated in [5.2.5].

The diameter of the wire, type of current and weldingparameters are to be in accordance with the recommenda-tion of the Manufacturer.

The results of the tests are to comply with the requirementsof Tab 17.

GradeLongitudinal tensile test Transverse tensile test Charpy V-notch impact test

Yield stress ReH

(N/mm2

) min.

Tensile strengthR

m(N/mm2)

Elong. A5 (%) min.


(N/mm2

) min.

Test temp.(°C)

Minimum averageenergy (J)

1 305 400 - 560 22 400 + 20 34

2 0

3 − 20

2Y 375 490 - 660 22 490 0 34

3Y − 20

4Y − 40

5Y − 60

2Y40 400 510 - 690 22 510 0 39

3Y40 − 20

4Y40−

405Y40 − 60

60˚

60˚

8

6

CL

60˚

1 2

1 5

2 0

2 5






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2



8.4.1 Multi-run technique

The annual tests are to include at least the following:

a) One deposited metal test assembly is to be welded inaccordance with [8.3.3] with wires having minimum ormaximum diameter, and the required tests (one longitu-dinal tensile test and three Charpy-V notch impact tests)are to be conducted.

b) The chemical composition may be required to bechecked under conditions corresponding to those of theapproval tests.

8.4.2 Two-run technique

The annual tests are to include at least the following:

a) One butt weld test assembly is to be welded in accord-ance with [8.3.5] with wires having minimum or maxi-

mum diameter, and the required tests (one longitudinaltensile test, three Charpy V-notch impact tests and twobend tests) are to be performed. One longitudinal ten-sile test is also required when the wire is approved forthe two-run technique only.

b) The chemical composition may be required to bechecked under conditions corresponding to those of theapproval tests.


The weld and test procedures, the type of current, the mate-rials, the test results and the re-test procedures, where appli-cable, are regulated by the requirements relative to theapproval tests.For flux cored wire electrodes approved with symbol HH(or H10) or HHH (or H5), the hydrogen content may berequired to be checked with the same procedure used in theapproval tests.

9 Consumables for welding C andC-Mn steels with electrogas orelectroslag process

9.1 Scope

9.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to wire gas combina-tions and flux cored or flux coated wires for electrogas (EG)and electroslag (ES) vertical welding with or without con-sumable nozzles of hull structural steels, of the correspond-ing grades of steel forgings and castings and of comparablesteels intended for other structural applications.

9.1.2 Type of wires

The wires are to be of the type recommended by the Manu-facturer, obtained from original packages and of knownchemical composition.

For electrogas processes, wires having the chemical compo-sition specified in Tab 13 may be used. Other wires of dif-ferent chemical composition are to be submitted forconsideration.

9.1.3 Shielding gases

The requirements specified in [7.3.1] apply.

9.1.4 Designation

The consumables are divided, for the various strength lev-

els, into the following grades as defined in [1.2.2] :a) 1, 2, 3 for normal strength grades

b) 2Y, 3Y, 4Y for high strength grades with specified mini-mum yield strength up to 355 N/mm 2

c) 2Y40, 3Y40, 4Y40 for high strength grades with speci-fied minimum yield strength up to 390 N/mm 2.

The prefix AV is added to the grade to indicate electrogas orelectroslag welding technique.

For high strength grades, the approval may be restricted foruse with steels of specific composition. This applies, in par-ticular, in relation to the content of grain refining elements,and if general approval is required, a Niobium treated steelis to be used for approval tests.

9.2 Information and documentation to besubmitted


The following information and supporting documentationare to be submitted together with the request for approval:

a) commercial name, type of wire, limits of chemical com-

position in the case of bare wiresb) type of process and grading under which the approval is

requested

c) type of shielding gas or gas mixture; commercial brandand Manufacturer, in the case of gas mixtures of specialtypes

d) type of flux, consumable insert when used

e) type of current, range of current for which the approvalis requested

f) main characteristics of the welding equipment

g) typical chemical composition of the deposited metal

h) main operating characteristics and welding techniques,associated recommendations and limitations in generaland in particular as regards edge preparation and weld-ing parameters

i) previous approvals already granted to the proposed con-sumables.

9.3 Approval tests

9.3.1 Two butt weld test assemblies are to be prepared: onewith plates 20/25 mm thick, the other with plates 35/40 mm

thick or more.The grade of steel to be used for each of these assemblies isto be selected according to the requirements given in Tab11 for two-run submerged arc welding.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Figure 15 : Butt weld test assembly for electro-gas and electro-slag welding

The chemical composition of the plate, including the con-tent of grain refining elements, is to be reported.

The welding conditions and the edge preparation adoptedare to be in accordance with the recommendation of theManufacturer and are to be reported.

The Manufacturer’s maximum recommended gap betweenplates is to be used in making the test assemblies.

The test assemblies are to be submitted to radiographic andor ultrasonic examination to ascertain the absence of defects prior to the preparation of test specimens.


a) two longitudinal tensile tests

b) two transverse tensile tests

c) two side bend tests

d) two sets of three Charpy V-notch impact tests with notchlocated as shown in Fig 16 (i.e. one set with the notchlocated in the centre of the weld and one set with thenotch located at 2 mm from the fusion line in the weldmetal)

e) two macro sections (in the middle of the sample andtowards the end) and, if required, Vickers hardnesschecks.

Figure 16 : Position of Charpy V-notchimpact test specimens


The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal is to besupplied by the Manufacturer and is to include the contentof all significant alloying elements, if any.

9.3.2 The results of tensile and impact tests on depositedmetal and butt weld tests are to comply with the require-ments specified in Tab 16, as appropriate.

Side bend tests [1.5.4] are to be performed on a mandrelhaving a diameter equal to three times the thickness of thespecimen; the results are to comply with requirements in[1.5.3].

The Vickers hardness values, when verification is required,are to be HV ≤ 270.

Min. 250Min. 250

Transversetensile testspecimen

Side bendtest specimen

M i n . 1 5 0 0

Transversetensile testspecimen

Side bendtest specimen

Macrography

Macrography

Longitudinal tensiletest specimen(centre of weld)

1 set of 3 Charpy-V

test specimen(2 mm from fusion line)

1 set of 3 Charpy-Vtest specimen(centre of line)

Longitudinal tensiletest specimen(centre of weld)

2

2 2

2 5 t o 3 0

2. Notch 2 mm from the fusion line,weld metal side

1. Notch in centre of weld






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2



9.4.1 The annual tests are to include at least a butt weldtest assembly having thickness 20/25 mm. The non-destruc-tive examinations required for the approval are to be carried

out on this sample and the following test specimens are tobe taken:

a) one longitudinal tensile test specimen

b) one transverse tensile test specimen

c) two side bend test specimens

d) one set of three Charpy V-notch impact tests with thenotch in the weld at 2 mm from the fusion line

e) one set of three Charpy V-notch impact tests with thenotch in the centre of the weld

f) one section for macrographic examination.

The chemical composition may be required to be checkedunder conditions corresponding to those of the approvaltests.

The weld and test procedures, the type of current, the mate-rials, the test results and the re-test procedures, where appli-cable, are regulated by the requirements relative to theapproval tests.

10 Consumables for welding highstrength quenched and temperedsteels

10.1 Scope

10.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to consumables usedfor weldable high strength quenched and tempered steelswith minimum specified yield strength from 420 N/mm 2 to690 N/mm 2.

Unless otherwise stated in this Article, the requirements rel-evant to the procedure, tests samples and welding condi-tions are generally to be in accordance with those of theprevious Articles relevant to the approval of consumablesfor welding carbon and carbon-manganese steels, as fol-lows:

• Article [2]: Covered electrodes for manual metal arcwelding

• Article [5]: Flux-wire combination for submerged arcwelding

• Article [7]: Wires and wire-gas combination for semi-automatic welding processes employing continuouswire

• Article [8]: Wires and wire-gas combination for auto-matic welding processes employing continuous wire.

10.1.2 Designation

The designation is given by the appropriate grade as definedin [1.2.2] with the relevant prefix and/or suffix.

10.2 Approval tests

10.2.1 The same samples are required as for C and C-Mnsteel welding consumables approval .

The deposited metal and the butt weld test samples are to

be prepared using high strength steel having mechanicalproperties corresponding, as appropriate, to those of thewelding consumable to be approved.

However, at the request of the Manufacturer, the all depos-ited metal samples may be allowed to be prepared usingany C or C-Mn steels, provided that the bevels are duly but-tered with the welding consumable to be approved.

10.2.2 The checking of the chemical composition is to becarried out on shavings taken from the deposited materialsamples.

The checking of C, Mn, Si, S, P, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, N and of

other alloying elements stated by the Manufacturer is to becarried out on all the samples.

10.2.3 Welding consumables other than solid wire-gascombinations are to be subjected to a hydrogen test inaccordance with [2.4] or recognised standards, as applica-ble.

The above consumables are to satisfy the hydrogen testrequirement at least for the symbol HH (or H10) or HHH (orH5) for steels having specified yield strength levels, respec-tively, not higher or higher than 500 N/mm 2.

10.2.4 Unless special requests are made by the Manufac-

turer, the samples are not to be post-weld heat treated.

10.3 Test requirements

10.3.1 In the tests for checking the operating conditions,the requirements specified under Articles [2], [5] and [7] forelectrodes, submerged arc fluxes and wires for continuouswire processes, respectively, are to be met.

In the tests for checking the chemical composition, the lim-its in percentage specified and guaranteed by the Manufac-turer are to be satisfied.

In the tests for checking the mechanical properties, the

requirements specified in Tab 18 are to be met.The results of the bend tests are to comply with the require-ments in [1.5.3].

Where the required bending angle is not achieved, thespecimen may be considered as fulfilling the requirementsif the bending elongation L O on a gauge length equal to L S+t(LO being the width of the weld and t the specimen thick-ness) fulfils the minimum elongation requirements specifiedfor the deposited metal tensile test.


10.4.1 For the periodical control tests, the samples andtests for checking the mechanical properties are to be car-ried out as required for C and C-Mn steel welding consuma-bles.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2



11 Consumables for welding Mo andCr-Mo steels

11.1 Scope

11.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to consumables usedfor welding Mo and Cr-Mo steels.

Unless otherwise stated in this Article, the requirements rel-evant to the procedure, tests samples and welding condi-tions are generally to be in accordance with those of theprevious Articles relevant to the approval of consumablesfor welding carbon and carbon-manganese steels, as fol-lows:



• Article [7]: Wires and wire-gas combination for semiau-tomatic welding processes employing continuous wire


11.1.2 DesignationConsumables are divided into the following grades, desig-nated by a symbol indicating the nominal percentage Moand Cr content of the deposited weld metal, as follows:a) M for Mo = 0,5b) C1M for Cr = 1,25 and Mo = 0,5c) C2M1 for Cr = 2,25 and Mo = 1The relevant prefix and/or suffix are to be added to the grade.

11.2 Approval tests

11.2.1 The same samples as for the C and C-Mn steel weld-ing consumables approval are required.The butt weld test samples are to be prepared using the cor-responding grade of Mo or Cr-Mo steels.Instead of the above-mentioned Mo and Cr-Mo steels, at therequest of the Manufacturer, grades 460 and 510 C-Mnsteels for boilers and pressure vessels may be used.

11.2.2 When the approval is required for two types of thesame consumable, one with normal C content and the otherwith "low C" content, i.e. with C content not higher than0,05%, and if the Manufacturer certifies that the only differ-ence is the C content, for the approval of “low C" weldingconsumables the tests for checking the mechanical proper-ties of the deposited material and the chemical compositiononly are to be carried out.

GradeTensile test on deposited metal

Tensile test onbutt weld Charpy V-notch impact test Bend ratio

and angle

Yield stress ReH

(N/mm2) min.

Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2)

Elong. A5

(%) min.

Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2) min.

Test temp.

(°C)Minimum average

energy (J)

D/ t (1)α ≥ 120°

3 Y42 420 530 - 680 20 530 − 20 47 4

4 − 40

5 − 60

3 Y46 460 570 - 720 20 570 − 20 47 4

4 − 40

5 − 60

3 Y50 500 610 - 770 18 610 − 20 50 5

4 − 40

5 − 60

3 Y55 550 670 -830 18 670 − 20 55 54 − 40

5 − 60

3 Y62 620 720 -890 18 720 − 20 62 5

4 − 40

5 − 60

3 Y69 690 770 - 940 17 770 − 20 69 5

4 − 40

5 − 60

The tensile strength of the weld metal may be up to 10% below the requirements, provided the results obtained with the transversetensile tests on the butt weld are satisfactory.

(1) D = mandrel diameter, t = specimen thickness






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Table 19 : Pre- and post-weld heating Table 20 : Mechanical properties


11.2.3 With the exception of those for the hydrogen con-tent checking, the test samples are to be welded in the pre-heating condition and are to be post-weld heat treated, asindicated in Tab 19, depending on the grade of the consum-able.

11.2.4 In the case of covered electrodes for manual weld-ing, the checking of the chemical composition is to be car-ried out, as a rule, on samples of deposited metal describedin [1.6].Two samples are required with two different electrodediameters.

In the case of other types of welding consumables, thechecking is to be carried out on shavings taken from the

deposited metal samples.The checking of C, Cr and Mo contents is to be carried outon all the samples and, additionally, the checking of Mn, Si,Cu, Ni, S and P contents and that of other alloy elements isto be carried out on one sample.

11.2.5 Consumables may be submitted, at the Manufac-turer’s request, to hydrogen tests and have the additionalsymbol H10 (or HH) or H5 (or HHH) added to the gradedesignation according to the hydrogen content.


11.3.1 In the tests for checking the operating characteris-tics, the requirements specified in Articles [2], [5], [7] and[8] for electrodes, submerged arc fluxes and wires for con-tinuous wire processes, respectively, are to be met.

In the tests for checking the mechanical properties, therequirements specified in Tab 20 are to be met.

As a rule, transverse tensile tests on the welded joint are notrequired.

11.3.2 In the tests for checking the chemical composition,the limits in percentage of chemical composition specifiedin Tab 21 are to be met.

11.4 Periodical control tests

11.4.1 For the periodical control tests, to be carried out asa rule every two years, in addition to the samples and testsfor checking the mechanical properties, as required for the

consumables for welding C and C-Mn steels, the samplesfor checking the chemical composition, requested for theapproval, are to be effected.

11.4.2 For the "low C" welding consumables described in[11.2.2], the control tests are limited to one sample of deposited metal [1.6] and to the checking of the chemicalcomposition.

12 Consumables for welding Ni steelsfor low temperature applications

12.1 Scope

12.1.1 GeneralThe requirements of this Article apply to consumables usedfor welding Ni steels for low temperature applications.

Consumable grade M C1M C2M1

Preheating:

Temperature (°C) − 100 - 150 200 - 280

Post-weld heat treatment:

Temperature T (°C) 620 ± 10 660 ± 10 710 ± 10

Soaking time at T (minutes) 30 30 60

Cooling rate down to500°C (°C/h) in furnace (1)

150 - 250 150 - 250 100 - 200

(1) When 500°C is reached, the cooling may be continuedeither in the furnace or in still air.

Grade

Tensile test on depositedmetal (1)

Bend ratio andangle (2)

Tensile strengthR

m(N/mm2)

Elong. A5 (%) min.

D/ tα

≥

120°M 490 - 640 20 3

C1M 490 - 690 20 3

C2M1 540 - 785 18 4

(1) The values of the minimum yield strength R eH andreduction of area are also to be recorded, for informa-tion purposes.

(2) D = mandrel diameter, t = specimen thickness.

GradeChemical composition (%)

C Cr Mo Mn Si max. S max. P max. Cu max. Ni max.

M 0,1 2 (1) 0,15 0,40 - 0,65

C1M 0,12 (1) 1,0 - 1,5 0,40 - 0,65 0,50 - 0,90 (2) 0,60 (2) 0,040 0,040 0,20 0,30

C2M1 0,10 (1) 2,0 -2,5 0,90 - 1,20

(1) In the case of electrodes to be certified as “low carbon “ the carbon content is not to exceed 0,05%.(2) The actual values of Mn and Si contents, guaranteed by the Manufacturer, within the limits specified in the table, are to be

stated at the time of the approval of single electrodes.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Unless otherwise stated in this Article, the requirements rele-vant to the procedure, tests samples and welding conditionsare generally to be in accordance with those in the previousArticles relevant to the approval of consumables for weldingcarbon and carbon-manganese steels, as follows:

• Article [2]: Covered electrodes for manual metal arcwelding• Article [5]: Flux-wire combination for submerged arc

welding• Article [7]: Wires and wire-gas combination for semi-

automatic welding processes employing continuouswire


12.1.2 DesignationConsumables are divided into the following grades desig-nated by a symbol indicating the type of nickel steel forwhich the consumables are intended, as follows:a) N15 for steels with Ni = 1,30 - 1,70 (%)

b) N35 for steels with Ni = 3,25 - 3,75 (%)c) N50 for steels with Ni = 4,75 - 5,25 (%)

d) N90 for steels with Ni = 8,50 - 10 (%).The relevant prefix and/or suffix are to be added to thegrade.

12.2 Approval tests

12.2.1 The same samples as for the C and C-Mn steel weld-

ing consumables approval are required.The butt weld test samples are to be prepared using the cor-responding grade of Ni steel.

Instead of the above-mentioned Ni steel, at the request of the Manufacturer, steels with lower Ni content but havingsuitable mechanical properties for the tests to be carried outmay be used. In such case, if deemed necessary by theManufacturer, the bevels may be duly buttered with thewelding consumable to be approved.In the case of use of plates with buttered bevels and wherethe mechanical properties of the welding consumable are sig-nificantly lower than those of the base material, longitudinalinstead of transverse specimens may be allowed to be takenfor face and root bend tests. In this case the length of the sam-ple is to be such as to allow the taking of these specimens.

12.2.2 In the case of covered electrodes for manual weld-ing, the checking of the chemical composition is to be car-ried out, as a rule, on samples of deposited metal describedin [1.6].

Two samples are required with two different electrode

diameters.In the case of other types of welding consumables, thechecking is to be carried out on shavings taken from thedeposited metal samples.

The checking of C, Ni, Mn and Si contents is to be carriedout on all the samples and, additionally, the checking of Cu,Cr, S, P and other alloy elements is to be carried out onone sample.

12.2.3 Consumables may be submitted, at the Manufac-turer’s request, to hydrogen tests and have the additionalsymbol H10 (or HH) or H5 (or HHH) added to the grade

designation according to the hydrogen content.

12.2.4 Unless special requests are made by the Manufac-turer, the samples are not to be post-weld heat treated.

12.3 Tests requirements

12.3.1 In the tests for checking the operating characteris-tics, the requirements specified in Articles [2], [5], [7], [8]for electrodes, submerged arc fluxes and wires for continu-ous wire processes, respectively, are to be met.

In the tests for checking the mechanical properties, the

requirements specified in Tab 22 are to be met.As a rule, transverse tensile tests on the welded joint are notrequired.

12.3.2 In the tests for checking the chemical composition,the limits in percentage of chemical composition specifiedand guaranteed by the Manufacturer are to be met.


12.4.1 For the periodical control tests, in addition to thesamples and tests for checking the mechanical properties asrequired for the consumables for welding C and C-Mnsteels, the samples for checking the chemical composition,requested for the approval, are to be effected.



butt weld Charpy V-notch impact test Bend ratioand angle

Yield stress ReH (N/mm2) min.


Elong. A5 (%) min.


Test temp.(°C)

Minimum averageenergy (J)

D/ t (1) α ≥ 120°

N 15 355 470 22 490 − 80 34 3

N 35 355 470 22 490 − 100 34 3

N 50 380 520 22 540 − 120 34 4

N 90 480 670 22 690 − 196 34 4

(1) D = mandrel diameter, t = specimen thickness






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


13 Consumables for welding Cr-Niaustenitic and austenitic-ferriticstainless steels

13.1 Scope13.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to consumables usedfor welding Cr-Ni austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainlesssteels.

Unless otherwise stated in this Article, the requirements rel-evant to the procedure, tests samples and welding condi-tions are, in general, to be in accordance with those in theprevious Articles relevant to the approval of consumablesfor welding carbon and carbon-manganese steels, as fol-lows:



• Article [7]: Wires and wire-gas combination for semi-automatic welding processes employing continuouswire


13.1.2 Designation

Consumables intended for welding austenitic steels aredivided into the following grades designated by a symbolcorresponding to the AWS designation of the weld metal, asfollows: 308, 308L, 316, 316L, 316LN, 317, 317L, 309,309L, 309Mo, 310, 310Mo, 347.

The additional symbol BT is added when the requirementson impact test energy are satisfied at the temperature of -196°C.

Consumables intended for welding austenitic-ferritic steelsare designated by a symbol indicating the nominal percent-age content of Cr and Ni in the deposited metal (e.g. 2205means 22% Cr and 5% Ni).

The relevant prefix and/or suffix are to be added to thegrade.

13.2 Approval tests

13.2.1 The same samples as for the C and C-Mn steel weld-ing consumables approval are required, with the exceptionof samples for hydrogen content checking.

The all deposited metal and the butt weld test samples areto be prepared using the corresponding grade of stainlesssteel.

However, at the request of the Manufacturer, the all depos-ited metal may be allowed to be prepared using C and C-Mn steels, provided that the bevels are duly buttered withthe welding consumable to be approved.

13.2.2 When the approval is required for two types of thesame welding consumable, one with normal C content andone with "low C" content, for the approval of "low C" weld-ing consumables the tests for checking the mechanicalproperties of the deposited material and the chemical com-position only are to be carried out.

13.2.3 In the case of covered electrodes for manual weld-ing, the checking of the chemical composition is to be car-ried out, as a rule, on samples of deposited metal anddescribed in [1.6].

One sample is required for each electrode diameter to beapproved.

In the case of other types of welding consumables, thechecking is to be carried out on shavings taken from thedeposited metal samples.

The checking of C, Cr, Ni contents is to be carried out on allthe samples, in addition to Mo, Nb and N contents wheresuch elements characterise the welding consumable beingtested. For only one of the diameters tested, the chemicalanalysis of the remaining elements listed in Tab 24 is also tobe carried out.

13.2.4 For consumables for welding austenitic-ferriticsteels, the ratio ferrite/austenite is also to be determined inthe all deposited material.

13.2.5 Corrosion tests according to ASTM A262 Practice E,ASTM G48 Method A or equivalent recognised standardsmay be required, on a case-by-case basis, for austenitic andduplex stainless steel consumables.

13.2.6 Unless special requests are made by the Manufac-turer, the samples are not to be post-weld heat treated.


13.3.1 In the tests for checking the operating characteris-tics, the requirements specified in Articles [2], [5], [7], [8]for electrodes, submerged arc fluxes and wires for continu-ous wire processes, respectively, are to be met.

In the tests for checking the mechanical properties, therequirements specified in Tab 23 are to be met.

For consumables intended for welding Cr-Ni austeniticsteels for which the approval is required with the additionalsymbol BT, the requirements on adsorbed energy in theimpact test specified in the table are to be satisfied at thetemperature of −196°C.

13.3.2 In the tests for checking the chemical compositionof welding consumables intended for Cr-Ni austeniticsteels, the limits in percentage specified in Tab 24 are to besatisfied.

In the tests for checking the chemical composition of weld-ing consumables intended for austenitic-ferritic steels, thelimits in percentage specified and guaranteed by the Manu-facturer are to be satisfied.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


Table 23 : Required mechanical properties



13.4.1 For the periodical control tests, in addition to thesamples and tests for checking the mechanical properties asrequired for the consumables for welding C and C-Mnsteels, the samples for checking the chemical compositionare also to be effected.

13.4.2 For the "low C" welding consumables described in[13.2.2], the control tests are limited to one sample of deposited metal and to the checking of the chemical com-position.


butt weld Charpy V-notch impact test Bend ratioand angle

Yield stress Rp0,2

(N/mm2

) min.

Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2

) min.

Elong. A5

(%) min.

Tensile strength

Rm (N/mm2

) min.

Test temp.

(°C)

Minimum average

energy (J)

D/ t (1)

α ≥ 120°Austenitic

308 290 540 25 515 − 20 (2) 27 3

308L 275 490 25 485

316 290 540 25 515

316L 275 490 25 485

316LN 290 540 25 515

317 290 540 25 515

317L 275 490 25 515

309 290 540 22 515

309L 275 490 22 515309Mo 290 540 22 515

310 290 540 25 515

310Mo 290 540 25 515

347 290 540 25 515

Austenitic-ferrritic

2205 480 680 25 680 − 20 27

(1) D = mandrel diameter, t = specimen thickness(2) The impact test temperature is − 20°C, except when the additional symbol BT is required, in which case the test is to be carried

out at − 196°C.

GradeChemical composition (%)

C Mn Cr Ni Mo Others

308 ≤ 0,08 0,5 - 2,5 18 - 21 8 - 11 ≤ 0,75

308L ≤ 0,04 0,5 - 2,5 18 - 21 8 - 11 ≤ 0,75

316 ≤ 0,08 0,5 - 2,5 17 - 20 11 - 14 2 - 3

316L ≤ 0,04 0,5 - 2,5 17 - 20 11 - 14 2 - 3

316LN ≤ 0,04 0,5 - 2,5 17 - 20 10 - 14 2 - 3 0,15 ≤ N ≤ 0,20

317 ≤ 0,08 0,5 - 2,5 17 - 21 11 - 14 2,5 - 4

317L ≤ 0,04 0,5 - 2,5 17 - 21 11 - 14 2,5 - 4309 ≤ 0,15 0,5 - 2,5 22 - 26 11 - 15 ≤ 0,75

309L ≤ 0,04 0,5 - 2,5 22 - 26 11 - 15 ≤ 0,75

309Mo ≤ 0,12 0,5 - 2,5 22 - 26 11 - 15 2 - 3

310 0,08 - 0,20 1,0 - 2,5 25 - 28 20 - 22,5 ≤ 0,75

310Mo ≤ 0,12 1,0 - 2,5 25 - 28 20 - 22 2 - 3

347 ≤ 0,08 0,5 - 2,5 18 - 21 9 -11 ≤ 0,75 8xC ≤ Nb+Ta ≤ 1






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


14 Consumables for welding aluminiumalloys

14.1 Scope

14.1.1 General

The requirements of this Article apply to wire or rod-gascombinations to be used for welding the Al-Mg and Al-Sialuminium alloys specified in Ch 3, Sec 2.

(Unless otherwise stated in this Article, the requirementsrelevant to the procedure, tests samples and welding condi-tions are generally to be in accordance with those in Arti-cles [7] and [8] relevant to the approval of consumables forwelding with continuous wire process).

The welding consumables preferably to be used for the alu-minium alloys concerned are divided into two categories,as follows:

a) W = wire electrode and wire gas combination for metal-arc inert gas welding (MIG), tungsten inert gas welding(TIG) or plasma arc welding (PAW)

b) R = rod-gas combinations for tungsten inert gas welding(TIG) or plasma arc welding (PAW).

Note 1: For aluminium welding consumables, there is no uniquerelationship between the products (wire electrode, wire or rod) andthe welding process used (TIG, MIG, PAW). Therefore the wireelectrodes, wire or rods, in combination with the relevant shieldinggas, will be approved on the basis of the above products form Wand R and may be used, as appropriate, for one or more of theabove processes.

14.1.2 Grading

The consumables are graded as specified in Tab 25 inaccordance with the alloy type and strength level of thebase materials used for the approval tests.

Table 25 : Consumable grades and base materialsfor the approval tests

Table 26 : Composition of shielding gases

14.1.3 Shielding gases

For the purpose of the approval, the type of gas and mixtureof gas are grouped as indicated in Tab 26.

Unless otherwise required for specific applications, gasmixtures in the same group are considered equivalent forapproval purposes.

Special gases in terms of composition or purity are to be

designated with the group “S”.

14.2 Approval tests

14.2.1 Deposited weld metal

For the testing of the chemical composition of the depositedweld metal, a test piece according to Fig 17 is to be pre-pared. The size depends on the type of the welding con-sumable (and on the process used) and is to give a sufficientamount of pure metal for chemical analysis. The base metalis to be compatible with the weld metal in respect of chem-ical composition.

The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal is to besupplied by the Manufacturer and is to include the contentof all the significant elements. The results of the analysis arenot to exceed the limit values specified in the standards orby the Manufacturer.

Figure 17 : Deposited weld metal test assembly

Consumablequality grade

(symbol)

Base material for the tests

Alloy designation

Numerical Chemical symbol

RA/ WA 5754 AlMg3

RB/ WB 5086 AlMg4

RC/ WC

5083 AlMg4,5Mn0,7

5383 AlMg4,5Mn0,9

5456 AlMg5

5059 −

RD/ WD

6005A AlSiMg(A)

6061 AlMg1SiCu

6082 AlSi1MgMnNote 1: Approval on higher strength AlMg base materialscovers also the lower strength AlMg grades and their combi-nation with AlSi grades.

Group symbolGas composition in volume (%) (1)

Argon Helium

I-1 100 −I-2 − 100

I-3 (2) Balance > 0 to 33

I-4 (2) Balance > 33 to 66

I-5 (2) Balance > 66 to 95

S Special gas composition to be specified

(1) Gases of other chemical composition (mixed gases)may be considered as special gases and are to be cov-ered by separate tests

(2) Gas mixture to be used for the tests is as follows:• Group I-3: approx. 15% He

• Group I-4: approx. 50% He• Group I-5: approx. 75% He

30 15

Tack Weld

Sampling position






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


14.2.2 Butt weld test assemblyButt weld test assemblies, in the material specified in Tab27 and having thickness 10-12 mm, are to be prepared foreach welding position (downhand, horizontal, vertical-upward and overhead) for which the consumable is recom-mended by the Manufacturer (see Fig 18); see also [14.2.3].Subject to the agreement of the Society, consumables satis-

fying the requirements for the downhand and vertical-upward position will also be considered as complying withthe requirements for the horizontal position.

14.2.3 Additional butt weld test assembly

One additional test assembly, having 20-25 mm, is to bewelded in the downhand position (see Fig 19).

Figure 18 : Butt weld test assembly for positional welding

T = flat tensile test specimen; B C = face bend test specimen; B R = root bend test specimen; M = macrographic sectionNote 1: Edge preparation is to be single V or double V with an angle of 70°.Note 2: Back sealing runs are allowed in single V weld assemblies.Note 3: In case of double V assembly, both sides are to be welded in the same welding positions.

Figure 19 : Additional butt weld test assembly in downhand position

T = flat tensile test specimen; B C = face bend test specimen; B R = root bend test specimen; M = macrographic sectionNote 1: Edge preparation is to be single V with an angle of 70°.Note 2: Back sealing runs are allowed.

BR

BC

T

M

BR

BC

T

10-12

3 5 0

3 5

3 0

3 5 0

20-25

3 5 0

T

BC

BR

3 5

3 0

M

BR

BC

T

3 5 0






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 2


14.2.4 Post-weld conditionOn completion of welding, the assemblies are to beallowed to cool naturally to ambient temperature. Weldedtest assemblies and test specimens are not to be subjectedto any heat treatment. Grade D assemblies are to beallowed to artificially age for a minimum period of 72 hoursfrom the completion of the welding and a maximum of oneweek, before testing is carried out.


14.3.1 It is recommended that the weld assemblies are subjected to radiographic examination to ascertain if there areany defects in the welds prior to the preparation of the testspecimens.In the tests for checking the operating characteristics, therequirements specified in Article [7] for wires for continu-ous wire processes are to be met.

14.3.2 The test specimens are to be taken from the weldedassemblies as shown in Fig 18 and Fig 19. For each assem-bly they are to include:• one specimen for macrographic examination• two transverse tensile specimens• two face bend specimens, and• two root bend specimens.

The macro specimen is to be examined for defects such ascracks, lack of fusion, cavities, inclusions and pores. Cracks,lack of fusion or incomplete penetration are not allowed.The transverse tensile test results are to meet the require-ments stated in Tab 27.The bend test parameters are stated in Tab 27. After bend-ing, no crack or other open defect exceeding 3 mm inlength is to be seen on the outer surface. Defects which mayappear at the corners of a bend specimen are not to be con-sidered.

It is recommended that the bending test is performed withthe “wrap around bending method” instead of the “freebend test” in order to obtain uniform bending of the speci-men (see Fig 20).


14.4.1 For the annual control tests, the deposited weld metal test assembly as per Fig 17 and the butt weld test assem-bly as per Fig 18 are to be welded using the wire having themaximum approved diameter.

The tests required in [14.2.1] and [14.3] are to be per-formed.

Figure 20 : Wrap around bend test

The fixed edge of the test specimen is to be clamped to avoid slid-ing. The whole welded zone (weld and heat affected zone), in thecase of transverse bending, is to be entirely positioned in the bentzone.

Table 27 : Requirements for the transverse tensile and bend tests

Grade Base materialused for the test


(N/mm2) min.Former diameter

Bending angle (1)(°) min.

RA/ WA 5754 190 3 t

180

RB/ WB 5086 240 6 t

RC/ WC

5083 275 6 t

5383 or 5456 290 6 t

5059 330 6 t

RD/ WD 6061, 6005A or 6082 170 6 t

(1) During testing, the test specimen is not to reveal any one single flaw greater than 3 mm in any direction. Flaws appearing at thecorners of a test specimen is to be ignored in the evaluation unless there is evidence that they result from lack of fusion.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 3


SECTION 3 A PPROVAL OF OVER WELDABLE S HOP P RIMERS

1 Scope

1.1 General

1.1.1 Shop primers applied on plates and sections to bewelded without being removed are to be approved by theSociety in accordance with the procedure detailed in thissection.

1.1.2 The approval is limited to the following weldingprocesses:• manual metal arc welding with covered electrode

• flux-cored wire metal arc welding

• solid wire metal arc welding.

The acceptance of shop primers for use with welding proc-esses other than those above will be specially considered inconnection with the approval of the welding procedure atthe user’s works.

2 Information and documentation to besubmitted

2.1 General

2.1.1 The application for approval is to be submitted to theSociety by the shop primer Manufacturer or authorised sup-plier.

2.1.2 The following information and supporting documen-tation, as applicable, are to be submitted:

• type designation, product name• product description including components of the

primer, type of diluent and mixture ratio• product specification, data sheet giving characheristics

of the shop primer and application instruction (surfacepreparation, method of application, drying time, recom-mended dry coat thicknesses, etc.)

• documentation relevant to previous tests and approvals.• welding procedure specifications used

• approval test results (see [3]).

3 Approval tests

3.1 Base material

3.1.1 Normal strength hull steels or equivalent grades areto be used for the test samples.

3.2 Filler metal

3.2.1 Approved filler metals are to be used.

3.2.2 Basic covered electrodes are to be used for manualmetal arc welding.

3.3 Type and dimension of test samples

3.3.1 Test samples consist of double fillet welded T-jointsformed by plates of the following dimensions:

• 300mm x 120mm x 15mm for manual welding andsemiautomatic bare wire and flux cored arc weldingwith gas shielding

3.4 Number of samples required

3.4.1 Two samples for each process are to be wleded :

a) manual metal arc welding with covered electrode of diameter 4 mm

b) flux-cored wire metal arc welding with wire of diameter1.2 mm

c) solid wire metal arc welding with wire of diameter 1.2mm

3.5 Preparation of test samples

3.5.1 The shop primer is to be applied in compliance with

the manufacturer’s specifications.The shop primer thickness (measure made on dry coat) of the test samples is to be at least 30% greater than the maxi-mum foreseen in normal use.

3.5.2 The pieces are to be tack welded such as to form a Twith adherent contact between the surfaces, without gap.

For each test a), b) and c) described in [3.4.1], one sample isto be welded in horizontal-vertical position (PB), and theother in vertical upwards position (PF), using electrodes of diameter 4 mm and wire of diameter 1.2 mm. Welding is tobe made in accordance with Welding Procedure Specifica-tion (WPS).

The fillet weld is to be deposited in one bead having dimen-sions not exceeding 7x7 mm as shown in Fig 1.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 3


Figure 1 : Typical T welded sample

A : Surfaces coated with the shop primerB : Weld bead


3.6.1 The test sample is to be fractured by suitable meansin order to locate the fracture in the throat of the fillet weld.

3.6.2 Visual examination is to be carried out consisting of checking the external and fractured surface to determineweld penetration and presence of worm-holes, pores andother defects.

Possible defects located within 10 mm from the ends of theweld are disregarded.

Lack of penetration having total length not exceeding 1/4 of the weld length is accepted.

Wormholes and pores having diameter not exceeding 3mmare generally acceptable where the total area of porosity isnot higher than 5% of the fracture section area.

3.7 Re-tests

3.7.1 Where tests on one sample fails, re-tests on two sam-ples for the same welding process are admitted.Both test samples are to provide satisfactory results. Failingthis, the shop primer is not approved.

4 Certification and Validity

4.1 Certification

4.1.1 Subject to the satisfactory outcome of the requiredchecks and tests, the Society will issue to the Manufactureror supplier concerned the approval certificate for the shopprimer.

4.2 Validity

4.2.1 The approval certificate has five-year validity. Foranother five-year period, renewal survey is to be carried outby the Society. The manufacturer has to declare that nochanges have been made to the production.

B

7 mm

A

A






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


SECTION 4 A PPROVAL OF WELDING P ROCEDURES

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 General

This Section specifies in Articles [2], [4] and [5] the require-ments for the approval of arc welding procedures for steelmaterials, and in Article [6] those for aluminium alloys.

The requirements relevant to materials not covered hereinare agreed on a case-by-case basis following, as far asapplicable, the criteria specified in this Section.

1.1.2 Other standards and specifications

Procedures considered equivalent by the Society may beaccepted.


In the case of applications involving the storage and trans-port of liquefied gases, the appropriate requirements of theSociety’s Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships alsoapply.

1.2 Welding procedure

1.2.1 Welding processes

Qualification tests are, as a rule, required for the automaticor semiautomatic processes indicated below together withtheir relevant numbering according to ISO 4063:

• submerged arc welding with wire electrode: 121

• flux-cored wire metal arc welding without gas shield:114

• metal arc inert gas welding (MIG welding): 131

• metal arc active gas welding (MAG welding): 135

• flux-cored wire metal arc welding with active gas shied:136

• flux-cored wire metal arc welding with inert gas shield:137

• tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG welding): 141

• plasma arc welding: 15.

1.2.2 Manual metal arc weldingIn the case of manual metal arc welding, where the joint iswelded with approved covered electrodes and by certifiedwelders, qualification tests are generally not required; the

results of tests performed by the shipyard on joints weldedunder similar conditions may be required, to the Surveyor’ssatisfaction.

Qualification tests may be required for one side manualmetal arc welding on ceramic backing.

Qualification tests are required in the case of weldinghigher strength steels having minimum yield stress equal toor higher than 390 N/mm 2, steels intended for low tempera-ture applications (see [1.1.3]) and steels not approved or

not complying with recognised standards.

1.2.3 Welding consumables

Consumables approved in accordance with the require-ments of Sec 2 are to be used within the limits of theirapproval.

When non-approved welding consumables are used, therequirements relevant to the qualification of the weldingprocedures are established on a case-by-case basis and testson a deposited metal sample are required.

Requirements relevant to the grade of welding consumablesto be used are given in the relevant Society’s Rules.

1.2.4 Preliminary welding procedure specification

A welding procedure specification is to be prepared by theManufacturer or Shipyard which intends to perform thequalification tests. This document is also referred to as apreliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) and isto be submitted to the Society for review prior to the tests.

This pWPS may be modified and amended during the pro-cedure tests as deemed necessary however it shall define allrelevant variables as mentioned in the welding procedure

specification, see [1.2.5].In case that the test pieces welded according to the pWPSshow unacceptable results the pWPS shall be adjusted bythe Shipyard or Manufacturer. The new pWPS shall be pre-pared and the test pieces welded in accordance with thenew pWPS.

In general, the qualification tests shall reflect fabricationconditions in respect to welding equipment, inside or out-side fabrication, weld preparation, preheating and any post-weld heat treatment. It shall be the manufacturer’s responsi-bility to establish and document whether a procedure issuitable for the particular application.

The test pieces are to be chosen so as to cover all the pro-duction welds in accordance with the approval range of parameters given in [2.5].






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


1.2.5 Approval of welding procedure specification

The qualification tests when required, welding of test piecesaccording to the proposed pWPS and testing of test speci-mens, are to be witnessed by the Surveyor.

Upon satisfactory completion of the tests, the Society mayapprove the pWPS as a welding procedure specification.

In its final version, the welding procedure specification(WPS) is to include all the parameters characterising thewelding process; in particular, as applicable:

a) type of welding process and equipment, as appropriate

b) type of joint, preparation and backing material, if any

c) base metal and thickness range

d) filler metal

e) welding position

f) minimum preheat, minimum and maximum interpasstemperature

g) post-weld heat treatment if applicable

h) shielding gas as applicable

i) welding parameters

j) other information relevant to the welding techniques asapplicable.

The actual parameters used for welding the approval testpieces and the results of the inspections and tests carriedout are to be recorded in the welding procedure qualifica-tion record (WPQR) also referred to as welding procedureapproval record (WPAR).

The WPQR is generally prepared by the shipyard or weldingshops and endorsed by the attending Surveyor.

1.2.6 Inspections

Inspections and control tests may be periodically and ran-domly required as deemed necessary by the Society and areto yield satisfactory results in order to maintain the validityof the approval.

The results of any suitable control performed during pro-duction may be accepted, to the Surveyor’s satisfaction.

1.2.7 Responsibil ities of the users

The qualification tests are intended to verify that a manufac-turer is adequately qualified to perform welding operationsusing a particular procedure.

Irrespective of the inspections carried out by the Surveyor,the user is responsible for the use of the approved proce-dures, within the limits of the range qualified and the condi-tions stated at the time of the approval.

Compliance with the above is essential for the validity of the approval.

2 Welding procedure qualificationtests for C and C-Mn steels for shiphull and other welded structures ingeneral

2.1 Plates butt weld with full penetration

2.1.1 Assembly of test pieces

Preparation and welding are to be in accordance with thepWPS and under the general condition of production weld-ing which it represents.

If tack welds and / or start and stop points are a condition of the weld process they are to be fused into the joint and areto be included in the test pieces.

The test assembly is to be of a size sufficient to ensure a rea-sonable heat distribution and is to have the minimum fol-

lowing dimensions (see Fig 1):a) manual or semiautomatic welding:

length L=6t, min. 350mm;

width W with W/2=3t, min. 150mm.

b) automatic welding:

length L=min.1000 mm;

width W with W/2=4t, min. 200 mm.

In the case of steel plates impact tested in the longitudinaldirection (CVN-L), the butt weld of the test piece is perpen-dicular to the rolling direction of the two plates.

In the case of steel plates impact tested in the transversaldirection (CVN-T), the butt weld of the test piece is parallelto the rolling direction of the two plates.

Figure 1 : Test assembly for plate butt weld

2.1.2 Examinations and testsNon-destructive examinations and destructive tests requiredaccording to Tab 1 are to be carried out, while the locationof the test specimens is to be in accordance with Fig 2.

P l a t e r o l l i n g

d i r e c t i o n

5

0

5

0

W / 2 W / 2

L

( S t e e l p l a t e s

w i t h C V N - L )

P

l

a

t

e

r

o

l

l

i

n

g

d

i

r

e

c

t

i

o

n

(

S

t

e

e

l

p

l

a

t

e

s

w

i

t

h

C

V

N

-

T

)

D i s c a r d

D i s c a r d






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


Figure 2 : Location of test specimens


Non-destructive examinations are to be carried out after

any required or specified post-weld heat treatment andprior to the cutting of test specimens.

Imperfections detected by visual or non-destructive testingshall be assessed in accordance with ISO 5817 class B,

except for the following imperfections for which the level Capplies:

• excess weld metal or convexity,• excess throat thickness, and

• excess of penetration.

W e l d

M

T 1

P 1

P 2

C y l i n d r i c a l

t e n s i l e t e s t

S p e c i m e n s

( n o t c h i n w e l d m e t a l )

S p e c i m e n s

( n o t c h o v e r l a p p i n g

t h e w e l d j u n c t i o n )

! S p e c i m e n s

( n o t c h i n H A Z a t 2 m m

o f t h e w e l d j u n c t i o n )

P 3

P 4

T 2

M

M a c r o g r a p h i c & H a r d n e s s

P r i s m a t i c t e n s i l e t e s t

F a c e b e n d t e s t o r

2 s i d e b e n d t e s t

R o o t b e n d t e s t

F a c e b e n d t e s t o r

2 s i d e b e n d t e s t


P r i s m a t i c t e n s i l e t e s t

M a c r o g r a p h i c & H a r d n e s s

s c r a p

s c r a p

5

0

5

0

d






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


Table 1 : Examinations and tests

2.1.4 Transverse tensile tests

Specimens for transverse tensile tests are to be in accord-ance with Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.1.11].

The tensile strength recorded for each specimen is to be notless than the minimum required for the parent metal; thelocation of the fracture is to be reported.

When butt welds are made between plates of differentgrades, the tensile strength to be obtained on the weldedassembly is to be in accordance with the requirement of thegrade having lower strength.

2.1.5 Tensile tests on cylindrical specimens

When required (see Tab 1), a round tensile specimen is tobe cut along the weld axis to the dimension given in Ch 1,Sec 2, Fig 3, in the all weld metal.

Where the size of the deposited metal is too small, a 6 mmdiameter specimen may be taken or a deposited weld metaltest is to be carried out in accordance with the requirementsof Sec 2.

The tensile properties recorded (yield stress R eH, tensilestrength Rm and elongation A 5) are to be not less than theminimum required for the approval of the appropriate gradeof consumables.

When more than one welding process or type of consuma-ble has been used to make the test weld, test specimens areto be removed from the area of the weld where each wasused with the exception of those processes or consumablesused to make the first weld run or root deposit.

2.1.6 Bend tests

Transverse root bend, face bend and side bend specimensare to be machined to the dimensions given in Ch 1, Sec 2,[3.1].

For dissimilar or heterogeneous butt-joints, one longitudinalbend test may be used instead of transverse bend tests.The test specimens are to be bent on a mandrel having adiameter equal to 4 times the thickness of the specimen; thebending angle is to be 180°.

After testing, the test specimens are not to reveal any opendefect, in any direction, greater than 3 mm. Defects appear-ing at the corners of the test specimen during testing are tobe investigated case-by-case.

When butt welds are made between plates of differentgrades, face and root longitudinal bend test specimens maybe used instead of the transverse bend test specimens.

2.1.7 Impact testsDimensions and testing of Charpy V-notch impact test spec-imens are to be in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2.

Charpy V-notch impact test specimens in accordance withCh 1, Sec 2 are to be sampled from 1 to 2 mm below thesurface of the parent material, transverse to the weld and onthe side containing the last run.

The Charpy V-notch specimens are located in the butt-welded joint as indicated in Fig 3 and Fig 4, and the V-notch is to be cut perpendicular to the surface of the weld.

Figure 3 : Location of V-notch fornormal heat input ≤ 50 kJ/cm

a : Centre of weld “WM”b : On fusion line “FL”

c : In HAZ, 2 mm from fusion line* : For one side pass welding over 20 mm “WM” FL

and HAZ, 2mm from fusion line to be added onroot side.

Type of examination or test Extent of examination or test

Visual examination 100%

Surface crack detection (1) 100%Radiographic or ultrasonicexamination

100%

Transverse tensile test 2 specimens

Transverse bend tests (2) 2 root and 2 face specimens

Charpy V-notch impact tests (3)

3 sets

Macro examination on 1 section

Hardness test (4) on 1 section

Longitudinal tensile test (5) 1 specimen

(1) Dye penetrant according to ISO 3452 (or equivalentaccepted standard) or magnetic particle testing; fornon-magnetic materials, dye penetrant only.

(2) For t ≥ 12mm, the face and root bends are preferably tobe replaced by 4 side bends.

(3) 3 sets each of 3 specimens as per [2.1.7].(4) Only required for high strength steels with minimum

specified yield strength equal to or greater than355N/mm 2.

(5) Required only when the use of non-approved fillermetal has been accepted (see [1.2.3]).

1 - 2 m m

b a c

b a c

1 - 2 m m

1

s t

s i d e

2

n d

s i d e

t ≤ 5 0 m m

*

1 - 2 m m

b a c

b a c

1 - 2 m m

1

s t

s i d e

2

n d

s i d e

t > 5 0 m m

b a

a






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


The test temperature and absorbed energy are to be inaccordance with Tab 2.When butt welds are made between different steel grades / types, the test specimens are to be taken from the side of the

joint with steel of lower toughness level. Temperature and

absorbed energy results are to be in accordance with theminimum value required for the steel of lower toughnesslevel.

Where more than one welding process or consumable hasbeen used to make the test weld, impact test specimens areto be removed from the respective areas where each wasemployed. This should not apply to the process or consum-ables used solely to make the first weld run or root deposit.

When cast or forged material with specified impact values isto be welded, test temperature and absorbed energy are tobe in accordance with the requirements of the base material.

Figure 4 : Location of V-notch for high heat input > 50 kJ/cm

a : Centre of weld “WM”b : On fusion line “FL”c : In HAZ, 2 mm from fusion lined : In HAZ, 5 mm from fusion linee : In HAZ, 10 mm from fusion l ine in case of heat input > 200 kJ/cm

Table 2 : Impact test requirements for butt joints (t ≤ 50 mm)

Grade of steel Testing temperature(°C)

Value of minimum average absorbed energy (J) (1)

For manually or semi-automatically welded jointsFor automatically

welded jointsDownhand, Horizontal,Overhead

Vertical upward,Vertical downward

A (2) 20

47

34 34

B (2) , D 0

E −20

AH32, AH36 20

DH32, DH36 0

EH32, EH36 −20

FH32, FH36 −40

39 39

AH40 20

DH40 0

EH40 −20

FH40 −40

(1) For thickness above 50 mm, impact test requirements are to be agreed by the Society.(2) For grade A and grade B steels, average absorbed energy in fusion line and heat affected zone is to be minimum 27 J.

1 - 2 m m

b a c

b a c

1 - 2 m m

1

s t

s i d e

2

n d

s i d e

t ≤ 5 0 m m

b a

d e

d e

1 - 2 m m

b a c

b a c

1 - 2 m m

1

s t

s i d e

2

n d

s i d e

t ≥ 5 0 m m

b a

d e

d e c

a c






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


Unless otherwise agreed with the Society, the test tempera-ture and absorbed energy of steels not covered by theserequirements are to be in accordance with the specificationof the parent metal.

2.1.8 Macro examinationsThe test specimens are to be prepared and etched on oneside to clearly reveal the weld metal, fusion line, the heataffected zone (HAZ) and about 10mm of unaffected parentmetal.

The examination shall reveal a regular weld profile, throughfusion between adjacent layers of weld and base metal andthe absence of defects such as cracks, lack of fusion etc.


Hardness testing is required for steels with minimum speci-fied yield strength equal to or greater than 355N/mm 2.Unless otherwise agreed, the Vickers method HV10 is to beused.

The indentations are to be made in the weld, heat affectedzones, and the parent metals measuring and recording thehardness values. Two rows of indentations are to be carriedout in accordance with Fig 5.

For each row of indentations, there is to be a minimum of 3 individual indentations in the weld, the heat affectedzones (both sides) and the parent metals (both sides).

The distance between the indentations may vary from 0,5 to

2 mm depending on the zone tested.Typical example of hardness indentations are given in Fig 5.

Figure 5 : Examples of hardness indentations

The results of hardness tests are not to exceed 350 HV forsteels with a specified minimum yield strength less than orequal to 420N/mm 2.

2.2 Plates fillet weld

2.2.1 Assembly and welding


If tack welds are a condition of the weld process they are tobe fused into the joint and are to be included in the testpieces.

The test assembly is welded on one side only. For singlepass manual and semi-automatic welding, a stop/restart isto be included in the test length and its position is to beclearly marked for subsequent examination.

The test assembly is to be of a size sufficient to ensure a rea-sonable heat distribution and is to have the minimum fol-lowing dimensions (see Fig 6):

a) manual or semiautomatic welding:

length L=6t, min. 350mm;

width W=3t, min. 150mm.

b) automatic welding:

length L=min.1000 mm;

width W=3t, min. 150 mm.

2.2.2 Examinations and testsNon-destructive examinations and destructive tests requiredaccording to Tab 3; a discard of 50 mm from both edges ispermitted.

Figure 6 : T fillet joint on plates

2 m m

m a x

2 m

m

m a x

2 m m

m a x

2 m m

m a x

2 m m

m a x

t ≤ 5 mm

t t

t > 5 mm

Parent metal Parent metal

HAZ narrow HAZ wide

Weld

Weld one side or bothsides and fit-up as detailedin the preliminary WeldingProcedure Specification

t1

t2

W

W

L

W






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4



2.2.3 Visual examination and surface crack detection

Non-destructive examinations are to be carried out afterany required or specified post-weld heat treatment andprior to the cutting of test specimens.

Imperfections detected are to be assessed in accordancewith [2.1.3].

2.2.4 Macro examination

The test specimen is to be prepared and etched on one side

to clearly reveal the weld metal, fusion line, root penetra-tion, the heat affected zone and about 10mm of unaffectedbase material.

The examination shall reveal a regular weld profile, throughfusion between adjacent layers of weld and base metal andthe absence of defects such as cracks, lack of fusion etc.

The dimensions of leg size, throat and penetration are to bereported.

2.2.5 Fracture test

The fracture test is to be performed by folding the uprightplate onto the through plate. Evaluation is to be concen-trated on cracks, porosity and pores, inclusions, lack of fusion and incomplete penetration. Imperfections that aredetected shall be assessed in accordance with ISO 5817Class B.

2.2.6 Hardness test

Hardness testing is required for steels with minimum speci-fied yield strength equal to or greater than 355N/mm 2.Unless otherwise agreed, the Vickers method HV10 is to beused.

The indentations are to be made in the weld, heat affectedzones, and the parent metals measuring and recording thehardness values. Two rows of indentations are to be carriedout in accordance with Fig 7.

Figure 7 : Macro and hardness indentations

For each row of indentations, there is to be a minimum of 3individual indentations in the weld, the heat affected zones(both sides) and the parent metals (both sides).

The results of hardness tests are not to exceed 350 HV forsteels with a specified minimum yield strength less than orequal to 420N/mm 2.

2.3 Pipes butt weld with full penetration



If tack welds are a condition of the weld process they are tobe fused into the joint and are to be included in the testpieces.

The test assembly is to be in accordance with Fig 8.

Figure 8 : Pipe weld test assembly

W : minimum value = 150 mm; D = outside diameter

2.3.2 Examinations and testsNon-destructive examinations and destructive tests requiredaccording to Tab 1. The location of the test specimens is tobe in accordance with Fig 9.



Surface crack detection (1) 100%Macro examination (2) 2 sections

Hardness test (3) on 1section

Fracture test 1 test

(1) Dye penetrant according to ISO 3452 (or equivalentaccepted standard) or magnetic particle testing; fornon-magnetic materials, dye penetrant only.

(2) One of the macro sections is to be taken at the positionof the stop/restart; see [2.2.1].

(3) Only required for high strength steels having:ReH ≥ 355 N/mm 2

h ≤ 2

h

≤ 0

,

5

h

≤ 2

h

≤ 2

h

≤ 0 ,

5

h

≤ 2

Edge preparation and fit-up as detailedin the preliminary Welding Procedure Specification

W W

D






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


Figure 9 :

2.3.3 Results

The results are to comply with the requirements for platebuttt weld in [2.1].

2.4 Re-testing

2.4.1 If the test piece fails to comply with any of therequirements for visual or non-destructive testing, one fur-ther test piece is to be welded and subjected to the sameexamination.

If this additional test piece does not comply with the rele-vant requirements, the pWPS is to be regarded as not capa-ble of complying with the requirements withoutmodification.

2.4.2 If any test specimens fails to comply with the relevantrequirements for destructive testing due to weld imperfec-tion only, two further test specimens shall be obtained foreach one that failed. These specimens can be taken fromthe same test piece if there is sufficient material available orfrom a new test piece, and is to be subjected to the sametest. If either of these additional test specimens does notcomply with the relevant requirements, the pWPS is to beregarded as not capable of complying with the require-ments without modification.

2.4.3 If a tensile test specimen fails to meet the require-ments, the re-testing is to be in accordance with Ch 1, Sec2, [2.3].

2.4.4 If there is a single hardness value above the maxi-mum values allowed, additional hardness tests shall be car-ried out (on the reverse of the specimen or after sufficientgrinding of the tested surface). None of the additional hard-ness values is to exceed the maximum hardness valuesrequired.

2.4.5 The re-testing of Charpy V-notch impact test speci-mens are to be carried out in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2,[4.4].

2.4.6 Where there is not sufficient material remaining inthe test piece to provide the additional test specimens, a fur-ther assembly shall be welded using the same procedure to

provide the additional specimens.

2.5 Range of approval

2.5.1 General

The approval of a WPS obtained by a yard or Manufactureris valid for welding in workshops under the same technicaland quality management, to the Society’s satisfaction.

The welding procedure is to be used within the range of theparameters indicated below; changes outside the rangespecified of one or more of these parameters require a newqualification test.

2.5.2 Parent metal

For hull structural steel grades A to FH40 as defined in Ch2, Sec 1, [2], the following applies :

a) For each strength level, welding procedures are consid-ered applicable to the same and lower toughness gradesas that tested;

b) For each toughness grade, welding procedures are con-sidered applicable to the same and two lower strengthlevels as that tested;

c) For applying the above a) and b) to high heat input proc-esses above 50kJ/cm, e.g. the two-run technique witheither submerged arc or gas shielded metal arc welding,electroslag and electrogas welding, welding procedureis applicable that toughness grade tested and onestrength level below.

Area A for :- 1 macro test specimen,- 1 tensile specimen,- 1 root and 1 face or

2 side bend specimens.

Area B for :- impact and longitudinal tensile

test specimens if required

Area C for :

- 1 tensile specimen,- 1 root and 1 face or

2 side bend specimens.

Area D for :- 1 macro test specimen,- 1 hardness test specimen.

Top for fixed pipe






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


Where steels used for construction are supplied from differ-ent delivery conditions from those tested, the Society mayrequire additional tests.

For weldable C and C-Mn hull steel forgings as defined inCh 2, Sec 3, [2], the following applies :

a) Welding procedures are considered applicable to thesame and lower strength level as that tested;

b) Qualification tests on quenched and tempered hullstructural steel forgings do not qualify other deliverycondition and vice-versa.

For weldable C and C-Mn hull steel castings as defined inCh 2, Sec 4, [2], the following applies:

a) Welding procedures are considered applicable to thesame and lower strength level as that tested;

b) Qualification tests on quenched and tempered hullstructural steel castings do not qualify other deliverycondition and vice-versa.

2.5.3 Thickness

The qualification of a WPS carried out on a welded assem-bly of thickness t is valid for the thickness range given in Tab4 .

In addition to the requirements of Tab 4, the range of approval for fillet welds shall be as follows ;

a) Single pass fillet welds; for throat thickness “a” therange of approval is “0,75 a” to “1,5 a”.

b) Multipass fillet welds; for throat thickness “a” the rangeof approval is as for multipass butt welds (i.e. a=t).

For the vertical-down welding, the test piece thickness t isalways taken as the upper limit of the range of application.

For unequal plate thickness of butt welds the lesser thick-ness is the ruling dimension.

Notwithstanding the above, the approval of maximum basematerial thickness for any technique is restricted to the testassembly thickness if three of the hardness values in theheat affected zone are found to be within 25 HV of themaximum permitted, as stated in [2.1.9] and [2.2.6].

Table 4 : Approved thickness range

2.5.4 Pipe diameter

Qualification tests on an assembly of pipes of diameter D isvalid for diameters in the range given in Tab 5.

Table 5 : Approved diameter range

2.5.5 Welding position

Standard positions are given in Fig 10 for plates and pipes.

Approval for a test made in any position is restricted to that

position.To qualify all positions, test assemblies are to be welded forhighest and lowest heat input position and all applicabletests are to be made on those assemblies.

For plates butt welds with full penetration, the highest heatinput position is normally the vertical upwards position andthe lowest heat input position is normally the horizontal-vertical position.

2.5.6 Welding process

The approval is only valid for the welding process(es) used

in the qualification tests. It is not permitted to change from amulti-run to a single run.

For multi-process procedures the welding procedureapproval may be carried out with separate qualificationtests for each welding process. It is also accepted to makethe qualification test as a multi-process procedure test. Theapproval of such a test is only valid for the processsequence carried out during the multi-process proceduretest.

For the manual metal arc welding process (111) and semi-automatic welding process with flux cored wire withoutshielding gas (114), the approval obtained is valid for the

diameter of the electrode used in the welding proceduretest plus or minus one electrode diameter size for each run,except for the root run of the one side welded assemblywithout backing strip, for which no size change is allowed.

For the gas metal arc welding processes (131, 135, 136), theapproval obtained for face and/or back shielding gas isrestricted to the type of gas (nominal composition) usedduring the procedure test. The approval is restricted to thewire system used in the approval test (e.g. single wire ormulti-wire) and, in the case of automatic welding, to the rel-evant welding technique.

For the submerged arc processes (12), the approvalobtained is restricted to the wire system used in theapproval test (e.g. single wire or multi-wire) and relevantwelding technique (T, M, U). Change in the flux trade markrequires new welding procedure approval tests.

Thickness tof test piece

(mm) (1)

Range of approval

Single run or singlerun from both sides,

Butt and T -joints

Multi-run welding,Butt, T-joint andfillet welds (2)

3 < t ≤ 12 0,7 t to 1,1 t 3 mm to 2 t (2)

12 < t ≤ 100 0,7 t to 1,1 t (3) 0,5 t to 2 t (max.150)

(1) For multi process procedures, the recorded thicknesscontribution of each process is to be used as a basis forthe range of approval for the individual welding pro-cess.

(2) For fillet welds, the range of approval is to be applied toboth parent materials.

(3) For high heat input process over 50 kJ/cm, the upperlimit of range of approval is to be 1,0 t.

Diameter of the test piece (mm) Range of approval (1)

D ≤ 25 0,5 D to 2 D

D > 25 ≥ 0,5 D (25 mm min.)

(1) Qualification for plates also covers pipes with outsidediameter > 500 mm.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


Figure 10 : Welding positions according to ISO Standard

P C H o r i z o n t a l V e r t i c a l

P A F l a t

P G V e r t i c a l ( d o w n w a r d s )

P O O v e r h a n d

P C H o r i z o n t a l V e r t i c a l

P F V e r t i c a l ( u p w a r d s )

P A F l a t

P O O v e r h a n d

P G V e r t i c a l ( d o w n w a r d s ) P F V e r t i c a l ( u p w a r d s )

a ) B u t t w e l d s f o r p l a t e s

b ) F i l l e d w e l d s f o r p l a t e s

4

5

°

P i p e : r o t a t i n g

P A A x i s : h o r i z o n t a l

W e l d i n g : f l a t

c ) P i p e s b u t t w e l d

P i p e : f i x e d

P F A x i s : h o r i z o n t a l

W e l d i n g : v e r t i c a l u p w a r d s

P i p e : f i x e d

P C A x i s : v e r t i c a l

W e l d i n g : h o r i z o n t a l - v e r t i c a l

P i p e : f i x e d

H L 0 4 5 A x i s : i n c l i n e d

W e l d i n g : i n c l i n e d u p w a r d

P i p e : f i x e d

P G A x i s : h o r i z o n t a l

W e l d i n g : v e r t i c a l d o w n w a r d s






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


2.5.7 Welding consumablesExcept high heat input process (over 50KJ/cm), weldingconsumables tested cover other approved welding consum-ables having the same grade mark including all suffixesspecified in Sec 2 with that tested.

Change in the trade name of filler metal requires new weld-ing procedure approval tests when Charpy V-notch impacttests are required at temperature strictly below −20°C.

2.5.8 Heat inputThe upper limit of heat input approved is 25% greater thanthat used in welding the test piece or 50KJ/cm whichever issmaller, except that the upper limit is 10% greater than thatfor high heat input processes over 50KJ/cm.The lower limit of heat input approved is 25% lower thanthat used in welding the test piece.

2.5.9 Preheat and interpass temperature

The minimum preheat temperature is not to be less than thatused in the qualification test.The minimum interpass temperature is not to be less thanthe specified preheat temperature.The maximum interpass temperature is not to be higherthan that used in the qualification test.

2.5.10 Post-weld heat treatmentThe heat treatment used in the qualification test is to bemaintained during manufacture. Holding time may beadjusted as a function of thickness.

2.5.11 Type of joint

The range of approval depending on type of welded jointfor test assembly is given in Tab 6.New qualification tests may be required by the Surveyorwhen changes occur in the geometry of the bevel whichmay significantly affect the penetration or fusion.

3 Welding procedures for offshorestructures and equipment

3.1 General

3.1.1 The applicable requirements are given in the Soci-ety’s Rule Note “Construction survey of steel structures of offshore units and installations” referenced NR426 asamended.

4 Welding procedures for Cr-Niaustenitic and austenitic-ferriticstainless steels for application withchemicals

4.1 General

4.1.1 Test pieces, tests and requirements for the approval of the welding procedures are agreed on a case-by-case basisand are as far as applicable in accordance with those speci-fied in [2.1] to [2.5].

4.1.2 Checks of the chemical composition of the weldmetal may be required and, in the case of austenitic-ferriticsteels, the examination of the metallographic structure of the weld for the determination of the average ferrite contentis generally to be performed (value required according toASTM E 562: min. 25% and max. 65%).Impact tests are not required in the case of austenitic steels

and are required in the case of austenitic-ferritic steels andperformed at −20°C; the average value for the absorbedenergy is to be not lower than 27 J.

Conventional corrosion tests according to recognised stand-ards may be required depending on the type of steel.

Table 6 : Range of approval for type of joint

Type of welded joint for test assembly

Range of approval

Butt welds for plates with full or partial penetrationT butt joints for plates

with full or partialpenetration

Filletwelds on

plate andpipe

Welded from one side Welded from bothsides Weldedfrom one

side

Weldedfrom both

sidesWith

backingNo

backingWith

gougingNo

gouging

Full pene-trationbutt weldfor plates

Oneside (1)

With backing ◊ − x x − x x

No backing x ◊ x x x x x

Bothsides

With gouging − − ◊ − − x x

No gouging − − x ◊ − x x

Fillet weldfor plates

− − − − − − − − ◊

Note 1:◊ indicates the type of assembly of qualification test.

x indicates on the same line as the symbol ◊ those welds for which the WPS is also approved.− indicates on the same line as the symbol ◊ those welds for which the WPS is not approved.(1) Butt welds on a plate welded from one side approve butt welds on pipes having diameter > 500mm within the limitations of the

table.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


4.1.3 Typical selection of consumables grades dependingon the parent metal to be welded is given in Tab 7.

Table 7 : Typical selection of consumable grades forwelding Cr-Ni austenitic steels

5 Welding procedures for highstrength quenched and tempered

steels

5.1 General

5.1.1 Test pieces, tests and requirements for the approval of the welding procedures are to be as specified in [2.1] to[2.5], unless otherwise specified in this Article.

5.1.2 The bend specimens are to be bent on a mandrel hav-ing a diameter equal to 5 times the specimen thickness inthe case of steel types 420 and 460 and equal to 6 times thespecimen thickness in the case of steel types 500, 550, 620and 690.

5.1.3 The results from the hardness test is not to exceed420 HV10 for steels with a specified minimum yieldstrength from 420N/mm 2 to 690N/mm 2.

5.1.4 For the range of approval of parent metal the follow-ing applies :

a) For each strength level, welding procedures are consid-ered applicable to the same and lower toughness gradesas that tested;

b) For each toughness grade, welding procedures are con-sidered applicable to the same and one lower strength

levels as that tested;c) Qualification tests with quenched and tempered steels

do not qualify thermo-mechanically rolled steels andvice-versa.

6 Approval of welding procedures foraluminium alloys

6.1 Plates butt weld


The applicable requirements of [2.1.1] apply.

The cleaning of the parts to be welded is to be carried out inaccordance with the same procedure as used in the con-struction.

Welding consumables used are to be approved by the Soci-ety in accordance with Sec 2, [14].

6.1.2 Examinations and tests

Non-destructive examinations and destructive tests required

according to Tab 8. The location of the test specimens is tobe in accordance with Fig 11.


Figure 11 : Location of test specimensfor a butt joint in plate

Consumablegrade Steel grade to be welded

308 304

308L 304 - 304L

316 304 - 316

316L 304 - 304L - 316 - 316L

316LN 304 - 304L - 316 - 316L - 316LN - 316Ti -316Nb

317 304 - 316 - 317

317L 304 - 304L - 316 - 316L - 317 - 317L

309 309 (1)309L 309 - 309L (1)

309 Mo 309 - 309Mo - 316 (1)

310 310 (1)

310Mo 310 - 310Mo (1)

347 321- 347

(1) Also for joints between ferritic and austenitic steels.



Radiographic or ultrasonicexamination

100%

Dye penetrant test 100%

Transverse tensile tests 2 specimens

Transverse bend tests (1) 2 root and 2 face specimensMacro examination 1 section

Check of Mg content (2) weld metal

(1) The face and root bends are preferably to be replacedby 4 side bends for t ≥ 12 mm.

(2) In the case of non-approved filler metal, the check of Mg content and other checks, as appropriate, are gen-erally required.

Discard 25 mm

Additional test specimensif required

Welding direction

1 tensile test specimen and2 bend test specimens

1 tensile test specimen and

2 bend test specimens

Discard 25 mm






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4



Non-destructive examinations should be carried out afterany required post-weld heat treatment and natural or artifi-cial ageing, and prior to the cutting of test specimens.

Welds should be free from cracks. Imperfections detectedby visual or non-destructive testing should be assessed inaccordance with ISO 10042, level B, excpet for excess weldmetal or convexity, excess throat thickness and excess of penetration for which the level C applies.

6.1.4 Transverse tensile tests

Specimens for transverse tensile tests are to be in accord-ance with Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.1.11].

The weld is to be made flush maintaining the thickness of the assembly.

The tensile strength results are to meet the requirements

stated in Ch 1, Sec 2, [2.1.11].Table 9 : Minimum tensile strength

for series 5000 and 6000 alloys

6.1.5 Bend tests

Transverse root bend, face bend and side bend specimensare to machined to the dimensions given in Ch 1, Sec 2,[3.1].

For dissimilar or heterogeneous butt joints, longitudinalbend test may be used instead of transverse bend tests.

The bend test specimens should be bent on a mandrel withmaximum diameter as given in the formula below. Thebending angle shall be 180°.

Where

• d is the maximum former diameter

• ts is the thickness of the bend test specimen (thisincludes side bends).

• A is the minimum tensile elongation required by thealloy grade, temper condoition and thickness (for com-bination between different alloys, the lowest individualvalue should be used).

The “wrap around bending method“ is the recommendedbending procedure in lieu of the usual “free” bend test (seeFig 12).

After testing, the test specimens are not to reveal any opendefect in any direction greater than 3 mm. Defects appear-ing at the corner of the test specimen may be disregardedunless there is evidence that they result from lack of fusion.

Figure 12 : Wrap around bend test

The fixed edge of the test specimen is to be clamped to avoid sliding.The whole welded zone (weld and heat affected zone), in the case of transverse bending, is to be entirely positioned in the bent zone.


The test specimens are to be prepared and etched on oneside to clearly reveal the fusion line, the HAZ, the build upof the runs and the unaffected parent metal. The examina-tion is to reveal a regular weld profile, thorough fusionbetween adjacent layers of weld and base metal, and theabsence of defects such as cracks and lack of fusion.

The acceptance levels are given in [6.1.3].

6.2 Plates fillet joint


The requirements of [2.2.1] apply except otherwise speci-fied in the following.

The cleaning of the parts to be welded is to be carried out inaccordance with the same procedure as used in the con-struction.

The two plates are to be positioned and tack welded edge-wise so as to constitute a T assembly without clearance.

Welding on one or both sides and fit up are to be asdetailed in the pWPS.

In general for semi-automatic welding a stop/restart positionis to be included in the test length and is to be clearlymarked for subsequent examination.

Grade(Alloy designation)

Minimum tensile strength R m (N/mm2)

5754 190

5086 240

5083 275

5383 290

5059 3305456 290

6005 A 170

6061 170

6082 170

d 100 t s×( )A

------------------------ ts–=

D = 6 - 7t

t

Roller

t + 2

B = 1/2 D + t

D






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


6.2.2 Examinations and tests

Non-destructive examinations and destructive tests are tobe carried out in accordance with the requirements of Tab10.


6.2.3 Visual examination and surface crack

detectionThe requirements specified in [6.1.3] are to be compliedwith.

6.2.4 Macro examination and fracture test

The fracture test as well as the macro examination are toshow, in general, the absence of defects, in particular lackof root penetration.

However in the macro examination, small soundnessdefects of the weld metal such as blowholes or inclusionsmay be accepted provided that their total area does notexceed 6% of the weld metal section examined.

The dimensions of leg size, throat and penetration are gen-erally to be reported.

6.3 Re-testing

6.3.1 If the test piece fails to comply with any of therequirements for visual or non-destructive testing, one fur-ther test piece is to be welded and subjected to the sameexamination.

If this additional test piece does not comply with the rele-vant requirements, the pWPS is to be regarded as not capa-ble of complying with the requirements withoutmodification.



6.4 Range of approval

6.4.1 General

Unless otherwise specified in this Article, reference may bemade to the requirements in [2.5].

6.4.2 Parent metal

The alloys are grouped into three groups :

a) Group A : Aluminium-magnesium alloys with Mg con-tent ≤ 3,5% (alloy 5754)

b) Group B : Aluminium-magnesium alloys with 4% ≤ Mg≤ 5,6% (alloys 5059, 5083, 5086, 5383 and 5456)

c) Group C : Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloys (alloys6005A, 6061 and 6082)

For each group, qualification tests made on one alloy qual-ify the procedure for the other alloys of the same group withequal or lower minimum specified tensile strength afterwelding.

Qualification on Group B alloys qualify the procedure forGroup A alloys.

6.4.3 Thickness

The qualification of a WPS carried out on a test assembly of thickness t is valid for the thickness range given in Tab 11.

In case of butt-joints between dissimilar thickness, t is thethickness of the thinner metal

In case of fillet joints between dissimilar thickness, t is the

thickness of the thicker metal.In addition to the requirements of Tab 11, the range of qual-ification of the fillet welds throat thickness a is given in Tab12.

Where a fillet weld is qualified by means of a butt weld test,the throat thickness range qualified should be based on thethickness of the deposited weld metal.

Where the majority of production work is fillet welding, anadditionnal fillet weld test may be required.

Table 11 : Range of qualification forparent material thickness

Table 12 : Range of qualification forthe throat thickness of fillet welds



Dye penetrant test 100%

Macro examination (1) 2 specimens

Fracture test 1 specimen

(1) One of the macro sections is to be taken at the positionof the stop/restart (see [6.1.1]).

Thickness tof the test piece (mm) Range of qualifications

t ≤ 3 0,5 to 2 t

3 < t ≤ 20 3 to 2 t

t ≥ 20 ≥ 0,8 t

Throat thickness aof the test piece (mm) Range of qualifications

a < 10 0,75 a to 1,5 a

a ≥ 10 ≥ 7,5






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 4


6.4.4 Welding positionsThe test pieces are to be welded in the position(s) used inthe construction taking into account that :

a) Horizontal-vertical position qualifies also for flat andvertical upwards positions

b) Vertical upwards position qualifies also for flat and hori-zontal-vertical positions

c) Overhead position qualifies also for flat, verticalupwards and horizontal-vertical positions

6.4.5 Welding processThe approval is valid only for the welding process used inthe welding procedure test. It is not permitted to change amulti run deposit into a single run (or run on each side) orviceversa for a given process. In the case of a multi-processprocedure, the approval is only valid for applying the proc-esses in the order used during the procedure qualificationtests.Note 1: For multi-process procedures each welding processmay be approved separately or in combination with otherprocesses. Similarly one or more processes may be deletedfrom an approved WPS provided the joint thickness iswithin the approved thickness range of the relevant weldingprocess to be applied.

6.4.6 Welding consumablesThe welding consumable used in the qualification testsqualifies :

a) Approved welding consumables of the same strength asthe consumable used in the procedure qualificationtests.

b) Approved welding consumables of higher strength thanthe consumable used in the procedure qualificationtests.

The qualification given to shielding gas and backing gas isrestricted to the gas/gas mixture used in the welding proce-

dure test, see ISO 14175 or other recognised standards forgas designations.

6.4.7 Type of currentChanges in the type of current (AC, DC, pulsed) and polar-ity require a new welding procedure qualification.

6.4.8 Post-weld heat treatment or ageingAddition or deletion of post-weld heat treatment or ageingis not permitted. Artificial ageing for 6000 series alloys givesapproval for prolonged natural ageing.

6.4.9 Type of jointThe range of approval for the types of joint in relation to the

type of joint used in the procedure qualification test is asfollows :a) butt-joint welded from one side with backing qualifies

also for welding from both sides with gouging;b) Butt-joint welded from one side without backing quali-

fies also for welding from one side with backing, fromboth sides with gouging and from both sides withoutgouging;

c) Butt-joint welded from both sides with gouging onlyqualifies that condition;

d) Butt-joint welded from both sides without gouging qual-ifies also for welding from both sides with gouging andfrom one side with backing.






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 5


SECTION 5 A PPROVAL OF CO 2 LASER WELDING P ROCEDURES

1 General

1.1 Application

1.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to theapproval of CO 2 laser welding procedures for butt- and T-

joints in hull construction. Stake welding is not covered bythese requirements.

1.2 General requirements

1.2.1 The user’s workshop is to demonstrate by means of aweld procedure approval test and examination of the firstproduction welds, that the welds produced under the nor-mal conditions are sound and have the required mechanicalproperties.

1.2.2 The approval is granted for a defined range of appli-cations (materials, plate thicknesses, seam preparation, tol-erances, etc.) and for specific characteristic weldingparameters (laser power, welding speed, welding consuma-

bles, etc.), in accordance with the samples welded duringthe procedure qualification tests.

Normally, changes in essential variables outside theapproved range (see Article [7]) require supplementary testsor new qualification.

1.3 Welding procedure specification

1.3.1 A welding procedure specification is to be preparedby the Manufacturer and proposed for approval; this docu-ment is also referred to as preliminary welding procedurespecification (pWPS) and is to be modified and amendedduring the procedure tests as deemed necessary.

In its final version, the welding procedure specification(WPS) is to include all the welding parameters and maindata affecting the quality of welded joints and is to be usedas a basis for the laser production welds.

1.4 Parent metal

1.4.1 In addition to the structural steels defined in Ch 2,Sec 1, [2], two new grades of steel have been defined with anarrower range of chemical composition.

These grades, designated L24 (normal steel) and L36 (higherstrength steel), have the chemical composition indicated inTab 1; for elements not indicated in this Table, the limits arethose of the standard steels defined in Ch 2, Sec 1, Tab 2.The steels are to comply with the requirements in Ch 2, Sec1, [2].

1.4.2 Steels having chemical composition different fromthat indicated in Tab 1 may be used provided that satisfac-tory results are obtained in the approval tests and produc-tion welds.In particular, the following deviation from the standardcomposition given in Tab 1 may be specially consideredsubject to an adequate limitation of the welding speed, e.g.0,6m / 1’ for a thickness of 12 mm or 2m / 1’ for a thicknessless than or equal to 6 mm:• C ≤ 0,15% subject to a reduction in welding speed

and/or increase in applied energy in respect of the val-ues found adequate for the maximum level of C 0,12%,

• S ≤ 0,010% and P ≤ 0,015% for a material thickness lessthan or equal to 12 mm, or

• S ≤ 0,017% and P ≤ 0,018% for a material thickness lessthan or equal to 6 mm.

Table 1 : L24 and L36 steel chemical composition

1.5 Welding consumables

1.5.1 Welding consumables and auxiliary materials are tobe approved by the Society and are to be clearly defined inthe WPS.

2 Approval of welding procedure

2.1 General

2.1.1 Qualification tests are to be carried out in the pres-ence of the Surveyor at the user’s workshop under fabrica-tion conditions.

Elements Ladle analysis (%)

C ≤ 0,12

Mn 0,90 - 1,60 (1)Si 0,10 - 0,50

S ≤ 0,005

P ≤ 0,010

CEQ (2) ≤ 0,38

Pcm (3) ≤ 0,22

(1) Manganese may be reduced to 0,70% for L24 gradeconsistent with the lowest values used in the weld pro-cedure test.

(2)

(3)

CEQ C Mn6

---------Cr Mo V+ +

5--------------------------------

Ni Cu+

15-------------------- - %+ + +=

Pcm= C Si30------

Mn20

---------Cu20-------

Ni60------

Cr20------

Mo15

-------- -V10------ 5B %+ + + + + + + +






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 5


2.1.2 Approval of the welding procedure is subject to theacceptance of the first production welds.

2.2 Assembly and welding

2.2.1 Butt-joint test assemblies and/or T-joint test assem-blies are to be selected in accordance with the range of application applied for approval.

2.2.2 Test assemblies are to be of a sufficient size to ensurereasonable heat distribution during welding and to provide forthe required test specimens, after sufficient discard at the ends.Unless otherwise agreed, the dimensions are to be inaccordance with [4.1.2] and [5.1.1] .

2.2.3 Welding is to be carried out in accordance with thepWPS and under the general conditions of productionwelding which they represent.

2.2.4 The type of joint preparation including tolerances isto be representative of the fabrication welds. Maximum andminimum values of tolerances are to be incorporated in theweld procedure test.Where gaps are required, the minimum and the maximumvalues are to be verified on two procedure tests.

2.2.5 The plates are to be held in place by clamps, or othersuitable holding devices, or by tack welds as provided forfabrication welding. If tack welds are to be used in the fabri-cation, they are to be included in the test pieces.

2.2.6 The welding parameters are to be recorded and are tobe in accordance with the pWPS. Each test piece is to con-

tain at least one stop/restart of the welding process.

3 Non-destructive examinations

3.1 General

3.1.1 Prior to the cutting of the test specimens, non-destructive examinations are to be carried out over theentire length of the weld.

3.1.2 Where automatic non-destructive examinations areused in fabrication (e.g. ultrasonic), the test piece is to besubjected to such examinations.

3.1.3 Imperfections detected by visual or other non-destructive examination are to be assessed in accordancewith EN ISO13919-1 level C.

4 Plates butt welds

4.1 Assembly

4.1.1 The weld direction is to be perpendicular to the roll-ing direction of the plate and is to be marked on the testpiece.

Where impact tests are prescribed for the base metal in thetransverse direction, the weld direction is to be parallel to

the rolling direction of the plate (see Fig 1).

Figure 1 : Butt weld test assemblywith Charpy impact test

4.1.2 The dimension of the butt weld test assembly is to bein accordance with Fig 2.

The dimensions in Fig 2 are as follows:

• W min. = 300 mm

• L min. = 300 mm

• D max. = 25 mm for thickness below or equal to 25mm

• D max. = 50 mm for thickness above 25mm.


L o n g i t u d i n a l l y

t e s t e d p l a t e s

T r a n s v e r s e

t e s t e d p l a t e s

r o l l i n g d i r e c t i o n

A - A

F l a t t e n s i l e t e s t

F a c e b e n d t e s t


S i d e b e n d t e s t

M a c r o / S e c t i o n

A r e a f o r C h a r p y

V - N o t c h s p e c i m e n

M a c r o / H a r d n e s s t e s t

W

D

D i s c a r d

D i s c a r d

L

M a c r o / H a r d n e s s t e s t

S t o p / R e s t a r t

B e n d t e s t

A

A






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 5


4.2 Examinations and tests

4.2.1 General

Non-destructive examinations and destructive tests are tobe in accordance with the requirements of Tab 2, while thelocation of the test specimens is to be in accordance withFig 2.



The requirements in Article [3] are to be complied with.Special attention is to be paid to the stop/restart positionswith respect to profile, proper fusion and absence of cracksand porosity.

4.3 Tensile tests

4.3.1 Transverse tensile test specimen and procedure is tobe in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2.

4.3.2 The tensile strength is to be not lower than the speci-fied minimum tensile strength of the parent material. Thelocation of the fracture is to be reported, i.e. weld metal,HAZ, parent metal.

4.4 Bend tests

4.4.1 Bend test

Transverse, side and longitudinal bend specimens are to bein accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2.

The test specimens are to be bent on a mandrel having adiameter 3,5 times the thickness of the specimen; the bend-ing angle is to be 180°.

4.4.2 During the test, the specimens are not to reveal anyopen imperfection, in any direction, greater than 3 mm.Defects not initiated by a weld defect appearing at the cor-ner of the test specimen are disregarded.

4.5 Impact tests

4.5.1 Charpy V-notch impact tests are to be taken 1 mmbelow the surface of the sample transverse to the weld andwith the notch perpendicular to the material surface; they

are to be machined to the dimensions indicated in Ch 1,Sec 2, [4.2.1].

Three sets of Charpy V-notch specimens, each set including3 specimens, are to be taken as follows:

• one set with the notch along the weld metal centre linewith tolerance ± 0,1mm

• one set with the notch in the heat affected zone (HAZ)

• one set with the notch in the parent metal.

The direction of fracture is to coincide with the weld direc-tion (see Fig 3). The parent material specimens are to have

the same orientation as the specimens from the weld joint.

Figure 3 : Fracture direction of Charpy impact tests

4.5.2 The test temperature and the results are to complywith the requirements specified for the parent metal.

4.5.3 Requirements for reduced Charpy V specimens aregiven in Ch 1, Sec 2, [4.2.2].

4.5.4 The Society may require additional tests, e.g. Charpytests with other notch locations, and other or additionaltemperatures or CTOD tests.

4.6 Hardness measurements

4.6.1 Hardness test

The Vickers method HV10 is generally to be used.

The indentations are to be made in the weld, heat affectedzones (HAZ) and the parent metal, with the object of meas-uring and recording the range of values in the weld joint(see Fig 4). For butt welds, the upper and lower rows are totransverse 2 mm maximum below the surface, dependingon the plate thickness.

For each row of indentations, a minimum of 3 individual

indentations is required in the weld, both sides of the HAZand the parent metal.

For the HAZ, the indentations are to be placed as close aspossible to the fusion line.



Radiographic examination 100%

Magnetic particle examina-tion

100%

Transverse tensile test 2 specimens

Transverse bend tests (1) 2 root and 2 face specimensLongitudinal bend test 1 face specimen

Impact tests (2) 3 sets

Macro examination 3 sections

Hardness test 2 sections

(1) The face and root bends are preferably to be replacedby 4 side bends for t ≥ 12 mm.

(2) 3 sets of 3 specimens as per [4.5.1].

Weld direction

Orientation of charpyspecimens (notch position)






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 5


Figure 4 : Butt weld hardness indentations

4.6.2 Where no filler metal or low hydrogen welding con-sumables (H5) are used in the procedure, values not higherthan 380HV are considered acceptable; one individualvalue not higher than 400HV is accepted for each section.

Values not higher than 350HV are required in all othercases.

4.7 Metallographic examination

4.7.1 The three macro sections are to be taken as shown inFig 2.

One section is to be a length of weld including a stop/restartposition. This longitudinal section is to be cut as shown inFig 5 and examined at the mid-thickness of the plate.

Figure 5 : Longitudinal mid-thickness macro section

4.7.2 The test specimens are to be prepared and etched onone side only to clearly reveal the fusion line, the HAZ, thesolidification structure of the weld metal and the unaffectedparent metal.

4.7.3 The sections are to be examined by the naked eye (orby low power hand lens if deemed necessary) for anyimperfection present in the weld metal and HAZ and forunsatisfactory profile features. Any imperfections are to beassessed in accordance with Article [3].

4.7.4 The weld shape is to be within the limits specified inFig 6. For thicknesses up to 8 mm, lower values for “d” and“d1“may be accepted at the discretion of the Society.

Figure 6 : Weld shape limitations

d : Minimum weld width, with d ≥ 1,5 mmd1 : Weld root width, with d 1 ≥ 1,0 mmD/d : Secondary wide zone “bulge”, if bulging occurs

D/d ≤ 1,2

5 T joint weld procedure test

5.1 Assembly

5.1.1 The dimensions of the T-joint weld test assembly areto be in accordance with Fig 7.The dimensions in Fig 7 are as follows:• W min. = 300 mm• L min. = 1000 mm• D max. = 50 mm.

Figure 7 : T-joint test assembly

5.2 Examinations and tests

5.2.1 General

Non-destructive examinations and destructive tests are tobe in accordance with the requirements of Tab 3, while thelocation of the test specimens is to be in accordance withFig 7.

Stop / Restart

Cut

t / 2

t

d

D w i t h i n 7 0 %

o f w e l d

d e p t h

d1

W/2

Fracture

Fracture

Fracture

Fracture Macro L

Stop/Restart

W

DMacro

Macro






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 5



5.2.2 Non-destructive examination

The requirements in Article [3] are to be complied with.Special attention is to be paid to the stop/restart positionswith respect to profile, proper fusion and absence of craterdefects.


The three macro sections are to be taken as shown in Fig 7.

Two sections are to be taken from the ends adjacent to thediscards, the third from the middle of the length.

5.2.4 Hardness test

Hardness indentations are to be made as shown in Fig 8 in

accordance with [4.6.1], as appropriate. All hardness valuesare to be recorded. The values are to comply with therequirements in [4.6.2].

Figure 8 : T joint weld hardness indentations

5.2.5 Break test

Break test specimens are to be taken from the length of thewelded assembly remaining after removal of the macro sec-tions. Four test specimens (not less than 100 mm each inlength) are to be taken and fractured by folding the uprightplate in alternate directions onto the through plate (see Fig7).

A saw cut may be made to facilitate breaking in accordancewith Fig 9.

The fracture surfaces are to be examined for possibledefects which are to be assessed in accordance with Article[3].

Figure 9 : Break test

Note 1: If a break in the weld cannot be obtained, an alternative isto machine the base plate flush to the web and to X-ray the weld inthe direction of weld centre line.

6 Re-testing

6.1 Non-destructive and destructive tests

6.1.1 If the test piece fails to comply with any of therequirements for visual or non-destructive testing, one fur-ther test piece is to be welded and subjected to the sameexamination.If this additional test piece does not comply with the rele-vant requirements, the pWPS is to be regarded as not capa-ble of complying with the requirements withoutmodification.



6.1.4 The re-testing of Charpy V-notch impact test speci-mens are to be carried out in accordance with Ch 1, Sec 2,[4.4].

7 Range of approval

7.1 Parent metal

7.1.1 Approval is given to that grade tested.

7.2 Thickness

7.2.1 The approval of a procedure carried out on a weldedassembly of thickness t is valid for the range 0,80t to 1,2t.

Speed and power may be changed within the limitations in[7.6.2].



Magnetic particle examina-tion

100%

Ultrasonic examination 100%

Macro examination 3 sections

Hardness test 3 sections

Break test 4 specimens (1)

(1) One specimen is to be taken from the stop/restart position.

tt

t/ 2 t/ 2






NR 216, Ch 5, Sec 5

7.3 Edge preparation and surface condition

7.3.1 Cutting process

The cutting processes are as follows:

• thermal cut

• thermal cut and sand blasted

• thermal cut and ground

• milled.

Other cutting methods, such as mechanical cutting (shear-ing), may be considered analogously depending on theiredge geometry and surface condition. A change in the cut-ting process requires new qualification

7.6 Welding parameters

7.6.1 GeneralVariations within the limits described below in the weldingspeed, laser power, focusing parameters and wire feed rateare allowed to accommodate changes in material thicknessor fit-up, without need for re-approval. Monitoring of weld-ing parameters within a given procedure setting is to beapplied.

7.6.2 Laser power and welding speedThe parameter (laser power / thickness x speed) is to bewithin the range 90-120% of that originally approved (whilealso maintaining the welding speed above 0,6m/1’).F h i f l i b

nr216_rules on materials and welding

Documents