Now, the power of the sun and innovative America technology brings youcleaner, healthier lakes, potable reservoirs and wastewater lagoons.

B fit f S l P dBenefits of Solar-Powered, High-Flow, Radial Long-Distance Circulation

Discussion Today• SolarBee, Inc.

• Waste Water Ponds and Nutrient Reduction ( Algae – Friend or Foe ) ( g ) (What happens to carbon, ammonia, nitrogen & phosphorous?)

• Short Circuiting

A ti E i t ( ti i i H P )• Aeration Equipment ( aeration -vs- mixing H.P.)

• How the energy efficient LDC mixing fits into wastewater pond systems

• Case Histories

• Alum application for P removal

R di l L Di Ci l i ( di l LDC) T h l• Radial - Long-Distance Circulation (radial LDC) Technology

• Question and Answer

SolarBee, Inc. -- The Company- Headquarters in Dickinson ND- Providing pump & fluid handling services & solutions since 1978- Developed radial long-distance technology (radial LDC) in 1998- Applications for lakes and reservoirs, potable water, and wastewater

T i l d i bi l i t t i l i t h d l i t- Team includes: engineers, biologists, neurotoxicologist, hydrologistsoceanographer, certified lake managers (3)

- New VP of Science is former leading EPA neurotoxicologist- 11 full-time installation/service teams, 2 persons/team- Today over 1900 installations in North America & worldwide (China, France,

UK A t li S th Af i D b i )UK, Australia, South Africa, Dubai ….)- Four environmental awards in ‘06, ‘07 & ‘08

SolarBee USA Regional Offices:

CaliforniaColoradoFloridaMinnesotaNorth Dakota (Factory)PennsylvaniaWashingtong

SolarBee InternationalSolarBee International Regional Offices:

AfricaAsiaCanadaChinaEuropeMiddle EastSouth AmericaSouth East Asia

UNDERSTANDING AND IMPROVING

NUTRIENT REDUCTIONNUTRIENT REDUCTION

IN WASTEWATER LAGOONSIN WASTEWATER LAGOONS

LEVELS OF TREATMENT,,SUMMARIZED

– PRIMARY TREATMENT:• REMOVE SETTLABLES AND SOLIDS• REMOVE SETTLABLES AND SOLIDS

– SECONDARY TREATMENT:SECONDARY TREATMENT:• REMOVE THE BOD AND TSS

– TERTIARY TREATMENT:• NUTRIENT REDUCTION (N AND P)

PART1PART1.

N & P REMOVAL THROUGHCONTROLLED ALGAECONTROLLED ALGAE

GROWTH IN THE FIRSTGROWTH IN THE FIRST CELLS

FOR N REDUCTION THERE ARE ONLY 2 MAIN MECHANISMSONLY 2 MAIN MECHANISMS

NH4 AMMONIUMSTART

NH4 - AMMONIUM IONS (A LIQUID)

(ALMOST 100% AT typical pH of 7.0 - 7.5)

N FROM PROTEIN, USUALLY 35 MG/L INFLUENT IN WW.

#1 (A) NITRIFICATION: ADD D.O. AT 4.6 TO 1

#2

GASOFF: RAISE THE pH, TRANSFORMS IT INTO NH3 AMMONIA GAS, MIXING STRIPS IT OUT INTO THE AIR

(A) NITRIFICATION: ADD D.O. AT 4.6 TO 1 RATIO, GET BOD BELOW 50, HAVE 7 TO 1 ALKALINITY RATIO, NO TOXINS, HIGH BACTERIA COUNT. (B) DENITRIFICATION: PROVIDE ANOXIC CONDITIONS WITH ENOUGH CARBON FORINTO THE AIR. CONDITIONS WITH ENOUGH CARBON FOR FOOD. TURNS NITRATE TO N2 GAS, STRIPPED INTO THE AIR.

(#1 is most common in facultative lagoons, #2 in aerated lagoons.)

FOR P REDUCTION THERE ARE ALSO 2 MAIN MECHANISMSALSO 2 MAIN MECHANISMS

ORTHOPHOSPATEP FROM ORGANIC

START

ORTHOPHOSPATEP FROM ORGANIC CELLS (6 MG/L) AND FROM DETERGENTS (ALSO 6 MG/L NOW), USUALLY 12 MG/L INFLUENT IN WW.

#1#2

WITH HIGHER pH, IT CAN BE PRECIPITATED WITH A METAL, FALLS TO THE BOTTOM LIKE A ROCK. RAISING THE pH HELPS FOR CALCIUM CAN ALSO

SOME PRECIPITATES WITH CLAY AND FALLS TO THE BOTTOM. SOME GETS TIED UP AUTOMATICALLY IN THE BOTTOM SEDIMENT WHEN BACTERIA FLOCS DIEFOR CALCIUM. CAN ALSO

COMBINE WITH IRON AND ALUMINUM.

BACTERIA FLOCS DIE.

(MOST LAGOONS ACHIEVE 2-6 MG/L EFFLUENT, NEED 1 MG/L OR LESS IN FUTURE?)

Algae:Algae:

A GOOD STRONG ALGAE CROP IN THEA GOOD STRONG ALGAE CROP IN THE FRONT END PONDS ,TO RAISE THE pH

THERE IS THE KEY TO ACHIEVING BETTERTHERE,IS THE KEY TO ACHIEVING BETTER N AND P REDUCTION IN WASTEWATER

LAGOONSLAGOONS.

BUT ALGAE IN THE FINAL POND CAN CAUSE BOD TSS AND pH VIOLATIONSCAUSE BOD, TSS, AND pH VIOLATIONS.

IF (TSS X 0.5)+7 = BOD, ALL TSS IS ALGAE

Algae is perhaps the most important organism in the

worldworld.– Algae is found in almost all types of water.

Al i h b f f d– Algae is at the bottom of many food chains, a primary producer that can transform suns energy to usable formstransform suns energy to usable forms.

– Algae in the ocean is responsible for producing most of the oxygen in ourproducing most of the oxygen in our atmosphere (21%).

– There are over 25 000 species of algaeThere are over 25,000 species of algae.

Algae growth is governed by the “Limiting Nutrient”, either C, N,

or P (Light can also be limiting)or P. (Light can also be limiting).

• To control algae identify the limiting nutrient and reduce• To control algae, identify the limiting nutrient and reduce the amount available.

• In most wastewater ponds, Carbon is the limiting nutrient.

• In most receiving streams, Phosphorus or Nitrogen are the limiting nutrient.

Most BOD is converted to biomass within 3 days. It ultimately leaves the pond as either cadioxide (CO2) or methane (CH4) gas, or is deposited in the sludge, or is passed on to the ncell The volatile (unstabilized) sludge can be reduced in volume by anaerobic activity

Typically 25% of the CBOD leaves the pond as CH4, for a true BOD

reduction.Typically 50% of the CBOD

leaves the pond as CO2, for a true BOD reduction

cell. The volatile (unstabilized) sludge can be reduced in volume by anaerobic activity.

DESIRABLE AEROBIC

Surface Reaeration

Mechanical Aerators, or

Diffusers

Pond surface

AEROBIC ACTIVITY

Carbon Dioxide gas, CO2Algae, a new type of BOD

Photosynthesis

OR OR

Oxygen, DORespirationCarbonic Acid, liquid, H+

C b t b ff i l

Respiration of Aerobic and facultative bacteria

Various influent CBOD material,

d f d

StartCarbonate buffering pool

(alkalinity)

and facultative bacteriaor biomass. Also a new type of BOD

used as food by the biomass

Typically 25% of the CBODthe pond as CH4, for a tru

Carbon Dioxide gas, CO2 Feedback Nutrient to the waterVarious volatile BOD at the

Start

p ,reduction.

DESIRABLE ANAEROBIC

ACTIVITYMethane, CH4

Various volatile BOD at thebottom of the pond. ( In the primary pond, if there is no strong mixing, 50% or more of the BOD ends up here ACTIVITYpwithin one day of enteringthe pond, through settling

and biomass biofloculation.)

Acids, alcohol, and other products,

associated with odorsMethane forming

anaerobic bacteriaFacultative acid-

forming bacteria in the bottom slurry

(H2S). No BOD reduction occurs at

this stage. A very low PH develops if acid

anaerobic bacteria in the sludge, they need PH of 6.3 or more, no O2 can

be present.fermentation occurs

too fast.

be present.

Without algae, BOD reduction produces g , pcarbon dioxide that drives the PH down.

Typically 50% of the CBODTypically 50% of the CBODleaves the pond as CO2, for

a true BOD reduction

C b Di id CO 2

Oxygen, DO

Carbon Dioxide gas, CO 2

Carbonic Acid, liquid, H+

Respiration of Aerobic

and facultative bacteriaVarious influent CBOD material,

StartCarbonate buffering pool

(alkalinity)

and facultative bacteriaor biomass. Also a

new type of BODused as food

by the biomass

Summary: Effects of BOD yreduction without algae.

• The pH remains the same or is lower than• The pH remains the same or is lower than when the water came in. Consequently:

Less Nitrogen (Ammonia) is gassed off– Less Nitrogen (Ammonia) is gassed off.– Less Phosphorus is precipitated

Th bi d l th “ t k– The anaerobic zone can develop the “stuck digester” syndrome by having too low of PH.

So if there is limited or no algae growth in the first cells, algae growth

can really “take off” in the last cellcan really take off in the last cell and cause the effluent to exceed the

li it BOD TSS N d Plimit on BOD, TSS, N and P.

Calm, No turbidity Sunlight Penetration High Carbon, N, and P

Turbulence Turbidity

Little or no algae Hi h C bHigher Carbon

Higher N Higher P

A d C llHigh algae

Aerated Cell Settling Pond

Algae in the front-end ponds or cells can change this outcome.

To see how, we have to understand:

• (1) algae’s two body nature, (2) ho algae raises the PH and• (2) how algae raises the PH, and

• (3) the effect of higher PH on pond nutrients (carbon N and P) and onnutrients (carbon, N and P) and on anaerobic digestion.

Algae has 2 parts, during the d l i t DO dday algae is a net DO producer

One part of the algae cell acts like human respiration, taking in p g p , gDO and emitting CO2. But in sunlight, the photosynthetic part of algae is also activated, and algae becomes a net oxygen producer The algae tries to move to the top of the pond toproducer. The algae tries to move to the top of the pond to get sunlight.

At night, algae becomes a net DO consumer

At night, algae respiration causes the algae to become a net oxygen consumer. CO2 is respired and some is gassed off the pondrespired and some is gassed off the pond. Algae can spread out, and the pond DO and pH can drop dramatically due to algaepH can drop dramatically due to algae respiration.

Algae’s Role in Aerobic Digestiong gTypically 50% of the CBOD

leaves the pond as CO2 for

DESIRABLE Surface

Reaeration

leaves the pond as CO2, for a true BOD reduction

Mechanical Aerators, or

Diffusers

Pond surface

Carbon Dioxide gas, CO2

Algae, a new type

of BOD

AEROBIC ACTIVITY Photosynthesis

OR OR

Oxygen, DORespirationCarbonic Acid, liquid, H+

Carbonate buffering pool

Respiration of Aerobic and facultative bacteria

or biomass. Also a

Various influent CBOD material, used as food

b th bi

StartCarbonate buffering pool

(alkalinity)

or biomass. Also a new type of BODby the biomass

Benefits of Algae in Primary PondBenefits of Algae in Primary Pond• Algae can provide free DO, up to 300

lbs per acre in satisfactory conditions inlbs per acre in satisfactory conditions in facultative ponds. (Wm.Oswalt, 1960, Research and Experience in California)p )

• Algae, in front-end ponds, ties up carbon so it doesn’t get to the final pond.g p

• Algae raises the PH of the water.– for increased N(ammonia) gas off( ) g– for increased P precipitation– for increased anaerobic sludge digestiong g

How does algae tie up carbon and raise the PH?raise the PH?During photosynthetic activity, algae can “pull” CO2from carbonic acid, and drain down the entire carbonate alkalinity pool. Further CO2 reduction raises the PHraises the PH.

Photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide gas, CO2

Carbonic Acid, liquid, H+

Carbonate buffering pool, OH-( lk li it )

(PH is resistant to change)

(alkalinity)(Biomass)

What does algae do withthe carbon?

• The carbon is assimilated into new algaeThe carbon is assimilated into new algae cells.

• When the carbon alkalinity pool is “empty”,When the carbon alkalinity pool is empty , the algae bloom crashes and the algae dies because no more CO2 is available.

• The algae falls to the bottom of the pond.• The dead algae is digested anaerobicallyThe dead algae is digested anaerobically

and about 2/3 of the carbon is gassed off as CH4 (methane), a non-nutrient.( )

How does the higher pH caused o does t e g e p causedby algae affect N (ammonia)?

– At pH over 9.3, almost all ammonia is in the form of NH3(-) ammonia gas easilythe form of NH3(-) ammonia gas, easily stripped by mixing.

– At pH under 9 3 most ammonia is in theAt pH under 9.3, most ammonia is in the form of NH4(--) liquid ammonium ion, which can’t be stripped.

– Every push upward in the pH results in more ammonia gas being present and stripped out of the water.

How does the higher pHHow does the higher pH caused by algae affect

Phosphorus (P)– At pH over 8.5, most phosphates can be

precipitated out as crystalline solid compounds that fall to the bottom of the pond and do not very easily go back into solution.

– Every push upward in the pH results in more phosphorus being removed by precipitation.

How does the higher PH caused by l ff t bi di ti ?algae affect anaerobic digestion?

• If the higher PH water is mixed (by wind or otherwise) toIf the higher PH water is mixed (by wind or otherwise) to lower depths, it can prevent the “stuck digester” syndrome where the acid formers get ahead of the methane

d d k th H t l f thproducers and make the pH too low for methane production.

• A healthy anaerobic layer can process up to 2000 lbs ofA healthy anaerobic layer can process up to 2000 lbs of BOD per acre, with no cost for adding DO.

• Anaerobic digestion reduces carbon nutrients in the pond b i b t d CH4 ( th ) t i tby using carbon to produce CH4 (methane), a non-nutrient.

Algae Levels Depend on Pond Type.

• Facultative ponds have high algae in the upper 16”, withFacultative ponds have high algae in the upper 16 , with the highest concentration usually at 6”-10”. Without any mixing, the effects of algae are only at the top of the pondpond.

• Partial-Mix ponds have some algae, but only enough for li ht di l (d il ) H lslight diurnal (daily) pH cycles.

• Total-Mix ponds have virtually no algae due to turbulenceTotal Mix ponds have virtually no algae due to turbulence and turbidity of the mixing.

Algae Considerations:Facultative Systems

• They were designed for your climate.• Hopefully the wind blows just right to:

– Mix the top zone (with its high algae, high PH, hi h DO) th h t th d th f th dhigh DO) throughout the depths of the pond, but not so far down that the DO stops the anaerobic digestion or that odors areanaerobic digestion or that odors are released.

• Consider a mixing system to remove the g yuncertainty of relying on the wind, with a good mixer you get consistently good

lresults.

Algae Considerations: Partial-Mix Systems• Grow all the algae you can in the front-end

ponds by turning off the aeration systemponds by turning off the aeration system during part of the day:– Save some energy, get valuable DO for free.gy, g– Reduce the Carbon, N, and P in the top 16”.– Don’t let the pond go anaerobic! It will kill algae

and cause odor problems.• The result will be better water quality in the

fi l dfinal pond.– Less nutrient Carbon, N, and P, and therefore

less algae less BOD and TSSless algae,less BOD, and TSS.

Algae Considerations: Total-Mix Systems• The pH will be low, so Carbon, N and P will be available

in high quantities in the settling pond.g q g p• So have a short retention time (5-10 days?) in the settling

pond and release the water with high carbon nutrients into the recei ing streaminto the receiving stream.– Otherwise the algae will proliferate and cause the BOD and TSS to

increase in the settling pond to high levels. Carbon is already in abundance in the receiving streamabundance in the receiving stream.

• Rely on various means other than a high pH for getting needed reductions for N and P.– Reference Oswald’s AIPS system, or Richard’s variations in

Colorado, or Rich’s high performance aerated systems.)

Short-Circuiting in Wastewater Ponds

Two types of short-circuiting occur in all ponds

Type 1: Aerial View Short-Circuiting Type 2: Water Column Short-CircuitingType 2: Water Column Short-Circuiting

The result of short-circuiting is increased algae BOD g gand TSS problems due to the stagnant areas

d ki dStagnant Water Causes Odors two kinds: 1. Surface odors from harmful algae blooms and… 2 Bottom odors caused by H S2. Bottom odors caused by H2S

Short-Circuiting in Wastewater Ponds

Warm water on the surface

Inlet Outlet

Cold water on the bottom

Water Column Short-CircuitingStagnant water due to temperature differences of 0.1�C - mixing is inhibited

Short-Circuiting in Wastewater PondsAerial View of Short-Circuiting

Two Problems:

1. Surface withdrawal

2. Horizontal ShortShort-Circuiting

Bl e Arro sho sBlue Arrow shows actual short circuiting path

Red shows intended

circulation pattern

Aerial View of Short-Circuiting in WW ponds

• Big green patch in the middle of the

Inlet

Outlet

pond is evidence of short-circuiting and stagnant zones

• Black Arrows shows intended flow pattern, designed using directional gaerators, moving the water in a circular pathway

•Yellow Arrow shows actual short circuiting path

Grid-Powered Turbulent Flow Aeration / Mixing Equipment

• Surface Aerators

• Aspirators

• Diffused Air Systems

• Mixers

Splashers - Aspirators - Mixersp p

• Turbulent Flow

• High Maintenance High Maintenance

• Limited Area of Influence

3 Ph Hi h E C t• 3 Phase, High Energy Cost

• High Speed, High HP

• Can Stir Up Sludge, Cause Sludge Mounding

SolarBee Approach in WastewaterSB is a circulator, not an aerator.

Two mechanisms to elevate the DO, with SolarBees: surface reaeration and photosynthetic oxygenation. Do not take credit for DO enhancementnot take credit for DO enhancement.

The SolarBee unit is a very efficient long-distance i i d imixing device.

In aerated ponds, usually the need for mixing energy isIn aerated ponds, usually the need for mixing energy is much greater than the need for oxygen production energy, so each SolarBee can typically displace 30-50 hp of mixing energy Leave the aerators in place run themof mixing energy. Leave the aerators in place, run them less hours, often just at night.

Wastewater BenefitsReduces Energy ConsumptionI S d TImproves Secondary Treatment

• BOD / TSS / Algae Reduction

Improves Tertiary Treatmentp y• Ammonia (NH3) and Phosphorous (P) Reduction

Odor ControlImproves Sludge DigestionImproves Sludge Digestion

• Reduce / Eliminate Desludging

Reduces Short CircuitingImproves DO and pH Levels

Facultative PondsFacultative Ponds

I Ci l ti• Improve Circulation• Reduce Short Circuiting• Better Effluent BOD TSS N and P• Better Effluent BOD,TSS, N and P• Odor Control• Sludge Digestion avoid dredging• Sludge Digestion, avoid dredging

• Avoid the need to install high hp grid-powered Avoid the need to install high hp grid powered turbulent flow aeration/mixing

Partial Mix Aerated PondsPartial Mix Aerated Ponds

Displace Mixing Energy, run aerators only at night in some cases

Displace 30-50 HP Per SolarBeeUsually 0.5 TO 5 year payback

Prevent Short-Circuiting

Sludge Digestion, avoid dredging

Complete Mix Ponds

Intake hose is set deeppImprove mixing deep to keep TSS highDisplace high hp mixing runtime (20-75 hp)Displace high hp mixing runtime (20 75 hp)Energy savings and better treatment

Effluent Storage PondsEffluent Storage Ponds

Control blue green algae blooms without chemicals.Prevent plugging of irrigation nozzlesPrevent plugging of irrigation nozzlesPrevent odor issuesDisplace 30-50 hp of aeration/mixing energy.Displace 30 50 hp of aeration/mixing energy.

SolarBee SB1000010,000 gpm, gp

SolarBee SB10000-DM10000 GPM f 150 f d10000 GPM on surface 150 gpm from deep

SolarBee - Odor Capping Design

SolarBee SB7500, 5000, 2500 & 12507500, 5000, 2500 and 1250 gpm7500, 5000, 2500 and 1250 gpm

SolarBee is a unique floating solar powered high flow circulatorpowered high flow circulator

Applications are numerous and depending on the model the SolarBee draws up to 10,000 gpm.

• FRESHWATER- Lakes- Lakes- Reservoirs- Ponds

• POTABLE WATER- Raw water storage reservoirs- Finished potable water tanks/towers- Blending tanks / Clear wells

• WASTEWATER- Municipal (reuse, sludge storage)- Industrial

Agricultural- Agricultural

• STORMWATER

Near-laminar flow with solar power:

• Dish promotes near-laminar flow enabling water l l dito travel long distances

• different from wind mixing

• Moves 10,000 gpm, gp

• near zero lift = near zero HP, which allows solar energy to be sufficient

Near laminar floNear-laminar flow

SolarBee circulation & mixingNear laminar non turbulent high flows up to 10 000 gpmNear-laminar, non turbulent, high flows -- up to 10,000 gpm

SolarBee circulation & mixingNear-laminar, non turbulent, high flows - J-hook intake design

Distribution Dish makes the near-laminar flow possible.

Brushless MotorThe drive system shall consist of a y

high torque, low voltage brushless D.C. motor and electronic commutation that

direct drives the impeller with no gearbox.

25 year life

High-Flow - Radial Long-Distance Circulation

SB10000v12 10,000 gpm

SB7500v12 7,500 gpm

SB5000 12 5 000SB5000v12 5,000 gpm

SB2500v12 2,500 gpm

SB1250v12 1,250 gpm

GB1250 1,250 gpm

SolarBee v12 Key Features

• Brushless Motor- 95% efficient

- Direct Drive, No Gear-box

• On board battery system: Deep cycle marine military gradeOn board battery system: Deep cycle, marine, military grade- Installed outside tanks/reservoirs for potable water applications

• Solar PV panels with 25 year performance warrantyp y p y

• Digital Control System with SCADA capability

• 316 SS Construction

• 25 year life expectancy• 25 year life expectancy

SolarBee Company Manufacturingp y g

SolarBee Mission Statement:

Lead the world in providing energy-efficient long distance water circulation contributing to a healthy environment.

SolarBee Installation and Service Crews

Delivery • TestingInstallation • Startup • Training

SolarBee Wastewater Case

Studies

SolarBee Impact on Surface Water Tensionand Removing Biofilm

The two photos below of wastewater lagoons show how SolarBee i l i d f i (i b h h S l B i

and Removing Biofilm

circulation reduces surface water tension (in both photos, SolarBees are in the right-hand basin only).

Soledad, California

Ripley, West Virginia

THORNTOWN IN WWTP

Thorntown, Indiana NH3 Concentrations

Curtain failure

SolarBee Installed

Thorntown, Indiana TSS Concentrations

Curtain failure

SolarBee Installed

Thorntown, Indiana CBOD Concentrations

Curtain failure

SolarBee Installed

GARRETSON SOUTH DAKOTASOUTH DAKOTA

OTHER WASTEWATEROTHER WASTEWATER PONDS

• ANAEROBIC PONDS:– ODOR CAPPING WITH NO ENERGY

ELIMINATE AERATION FOR ODOR CONTROL– ELIMINATE AERATION FOR ODOR CONTROL– MILK PLANT - 225 HP X 8 HOURS PER DAY

• SLUDGE STORAGE PONDS:REDUCED SLUDGE VOLUME– REDUCED SLUDGE VOLUME

– MORE DENSE SLUDGE, LESS DREDGING• TOTAL EVAPORATION PONDS

– IN SHALLOW PONDS, CAN INCREASE EVAPORATION BY 2 TO 3 TIMES DUE TO SURFACE RENEWAL

STORM WATER RESERVOIRSSTORM WATER RESERVOIRS

• GREAT APPLICATION FOR COMBINED ODOR CONTROL AND BOD REDUCTION

• WE ARE WORKING WITH CORP OF ENGINEERS TO BECOME PREFERRED TECHNOLOGY FOR CHICAGO'S LARGETECHNOLOGY FOR CHICAGO'S LARGE CSO SYSTEM.

INDIANAStormwater Pond

SolarSolarBeeBee

Superior, WI• First combined sewer trunk constructed 1890s

• Primary treatment plant constructed 1958 and upgraded to a 7.6 MGD activated sludge plant in 1977.

Superior WI CSTP # 2 added in the 1970s • eventual processing in Main Treatment Plant or• eventual processing in Main Treatment Plant or

• intermittent / limited discharge to Lake Superior bay

CSTP #2CSTP #2 50MG

Main Treatment Plant

Superior, WICSTP # 2 – met all discharge limits .. ButCSTP # 2 met all discharge limits .. But

Two 75 H.P. centrifugal blowers = high energy cost

CSTP Pond# 2 Four SolarBee 5000v12 installed July 2008Four SolarBee 5000v12 installed July 2008

• ZERO H.P. during no flow periods• 75 H P during flow periods• 75 H.P. during flow periods

CSTP #2 continues to meet all discharge limits

Average monthly savings $8 000$8,000

SolarBee applying alum inSolarBee applying alum in waste water pond

Independent Research on SolarBee• San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Mixer Study for large potable reservoirs

- 75 Million Gallon - 11 acres - - 1 unit achieved break point chlorination

• California Public Utilities Commission’s Wastewater Optimization Program- Displacing Brush Aerators in Sludge Storage Basins- Reducing/displacing aeration in Complete Mix and Partial Mix Cells- Reducing/displacing aeration in Complete Mix and Partial Mix Cells- Avoiding the need for aeration in Facultative Ponds

• Ohio EPA Dye Test confirming SolarBee flow rates

• Salton Sea Authority Odor Abatement Study - Controlling H2S

• US Bureau of Reclamation Evaporation Study at Salton Sea

• Minnesota Alum Application Test for phosphorus removal

• Bennett, Colorado Mixer Study, including dye test

• Glendale, California Water and Power - Nitrification Study

• Bend, Oregon Clear Well Contact Time Tracer Study

Wastewater Benefits SummaryySolarBees can: • Reduce Energy Consumption• Reduce Energy Consumption• Improve Secondary Treatment

• BOD / TSS / Algae Reduction

• Improve Tertiary Treatment• Ammonia (NH3) and Phosphorous (P) Reduction

• Provide Odor Control• Improve Sludge Digestion

• Reduce / Eliminate Desludging

• Reduce Short Circuitingeduce S o C cu g• Improve DO and pH Levels• Reduce phosphorous

Thank You

SolarBee Literature, Videos,

Web-site: pictures, case studies, . . .p , ,

www.solarbee.com

Questions on Wastewater Section ?