november 9, 2005
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Sociology of Environment
11-9-05
Week 11B
Energy
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Overview
Welcome News
Presentation Sociology of Energy
Next Meeting: Battle over ANWR
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Energy & Society
To begin….with Humor:
http://www.markfiore.com/animation.html
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US Energy Policy 2001
US government Policy
http://www.whitehouse.gov/energy/
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US Energy Policy 2001
Ease Restrictions of oil/gas development on Public Lands, e.g. ANWR
Ease Permitting process for refinery expansion and construction
Support Geothermal/ hydropower
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US Energy Policy 2001
Streamline approval process for siting power plants
Tax breaks for clean coal technologies/ Nuclear
Ease regulatory barriers for utilities
Some tax credits for renewable energy/ hybrids
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Pre Agricultural Revolution – 2 sources of energy
Human muscle powerFire
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Pre Agricultural Revolution – 2 sources of energy Human muscle power Fire
Short periods – Man – 800 watts [1 horse power]
Over several days – Man on avg. 0.3 HP
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– First Major Leap Domestication of animals
– Horses, oxen, mules, camels and elephants
– Egyptians 3500 BC captured Wind with Sails
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Egyptian Sailing Vessels
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Around 400 BC – an important invention?
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Important Invention
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Around 400 BC – an important invention?
The Horseshoe!!
Allowed for agricultural work in fields
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– By Middle Ages 500AD to 1500AD
Wind and water regularly used to provide energy– Windmills– Waterwheels
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Ancient Windmills
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Ancient Windmills
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Ancient Water Wheels
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Beginning of the Industrial Revolution – Britain – ENERGY SHORTAGE [timber]
– Utilization of Coal– James Watt – inventor of the steam engine
– Industrial Revolution – took off
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Human Use of Energy – Population Growth
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Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Modern Industrial Use of Energy
– Conventional Energy Mix (Fossil Fuel +) Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro
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Total Energy Use
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Total Energy Use & Pollution
http://www.elpc.org/polCalc/index.htm
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Energy form the Earth’s Crust
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Sources of Energy
First US Oil well
1859 in Pennsylvania
Total Oil Worldwide 6% of the energy found in Coal
Special Liquid Properties
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Energy Consumption by FuelQuadrillion Btu
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Energy Consumption by Fuel
Relative Proportions– US – Normalized/ units per capita
Each Curve 50 years
Illustrates Pattern of Replacement
Oil & Gas coming to an end ??
Next Source?
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Global Energy Use Patterns
Natural Gas 19.6%
Natural Gas25.0%
Oil39.5%
Oil39.2%
Coal30.3%
Coal23.1%
Hydroelectric6.7%
Nuclear3.9%
Hydroelectric7.7%
Nuclear5.0%
Natural Gas 19.6%
Natural Gas25.0%
Oil39.5%
Oil39.2%
Coal30.3%
Coal23.1%
Hydroelectric6.7%
Nuclear3.9%
Hydroelectric7.7%
Nuclear5.0%
Worldwide North America
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Growth World Energy Consumption
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Growth World Energy Consumption
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Global Energy Use Patterns
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Global Energy Use Patterns
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US Dependence on Foreign Oil
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Where Does the Energy Go US?
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Relative ConsumptionAnnual per capita Commercial Energy Consumption (UNEP 2000)
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US Sources Energy Production
Fossil Fuels 86% Geothermal 0.5% Nuclear 8% Wind Farms 0.1% Hydroelectric 2% Solar 0.1% Biofuels 3.3% Source: US Department of Energy
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Wealth & Energy Use
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Energy Use Prospects
Reserves vs. Resources
– Reserves = Proven, existing supplies
– Resources = Total amount in nature [discovered yet or not]
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Location of Resources - Global
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Location of Coal Resources - US
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Peak Oil
Oil will not just "run out" because all oil production follows a bell curve. This is true whether we're talking about an individual field, a country, or on the planet as a whole.
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Peak Oil
World Oil Consumption – long view
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US Gas Prices
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US Gas Prices & Autos
Is the big SUV dying?
– News Items from MSN Best Selling Ford Explorer – 58% sales drop
– September 2005 compared to September 2004
Ford Expedition [14 miles/gallon] 61% sales drop
Ford stopped selling its Excursion – August 2005
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US Gas Prices & Autos
Is the big SUV dying? Cont.
– News Items from MSN GM’s full sized SUVs, - to be replaced by more fuel-
efficient models – fell 56% Hummer H2 Sales – were off 31% New Hummer H3 – off to a brisk start [16mph/ city]
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US Gas Prices & Autos
Is the big SUV dying? Cont.
– News Items from MSN Toyota 46% few of its large Sequoia SUV Sales of smaller SUV down sharply
Honda – SUV Pilot – off 26% Nissan – Armadas [13mph] – down 20%
Toyota’s Prius – 90% increase
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Trans Alaskan Pipeline
http://www.solcomhouse.com/pipeline.htm
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Exxon Valdez
March 24, 1989 – Oil Tanker – Exxon Valdez – hit Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound
The Sound – one of the most pristine and productive estuaries in the world
Largest Oil Spill in US History– 11 million barrels
$4 billion in legal damages
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Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez disaster is estimated to have killed 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbour seals, 250 bald eagles, up to 22 killer whales, and an unknown number of salmon and herring.
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Exxon Valdez
Path of the Tanker
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Exxon Valdez
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Exxon Valdez
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Exxon Valdez
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Exxon Valdez
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Exxon Valdez
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Exxon Valdez
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ANWR
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ANWR Controversy
ANWR Information
http://www.anwr.org/
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ANWR Controversy
Reaction Paper #1: ANWAR – Due Monday November 14 [bring paper to class]
Position: Pro Drilling or Con; What should happen to ANWR and why? What would be gained and what would be lost?
Attendance is HIGHLY encouraged.