november 23, 1935, vol 01, n0 47

I t y t i t Head* t OFFICIAL ORGAN OF CATHOLIC ACTION

PUBLISHED WEEKLY.

20 Pages . N o . 46. MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 16lh NOVEMBER, 1935. 10 Cents.

F O U R T E E N T H A N N I V E R S A R Y O F T H E

C O N S E C R A T I O N O F H . E x c . D O M J O S E D A

C O S T A N U N E S , B I S H O P O F M A C A O

On t h e 20th of t h i s month occurs t h e fou r t een th ann ive r sa ry of t h e Episcopal Consecra t ion of t h e R i g h t Rev. t h e Bishop of Macao, Dom Jose da Costa Nunes , which took place in t h e c i ty of H o r t a , Azores , on N o v e m b e r 20, 1921.

In* publ i sh ing h i s pho tograph a n d dedica t ing a few lines t o t h e eminen t P r e l a t e , t h e "Malaya Catholic L e a d e r " in t ends to r ende r h i m a n h o m a g e which will be undoubtedly apprec ia ted by h i s num e r o u s f r iends in Malaya, and especially by h i s sp i r i tua l children of Singapore a n d Malacca.

H i s Lo rdsh ip w a s born in t h e village of Candelar ia , Pico (Azores I s l ands ) , on M a r c h 15, 1880. His p a r e n t s , bo th exemplary Chr i s t i ans , complying w i t h his wish , sent h i m to t h e s emina ry of A n g r a do Heroismo, t h e capi ta l of Azores and sea t of t h e Diocese. The re h e revealed a t r u l y sacerdotal spi r i t and a r a r e intel l igence.

In 1903, w h e n t h e Rector of t h e semina ry of A n g r a do Heroismo, t h e la te Dom Joao Paul ino d'Azevedo e Cas t ro , was elected Bishop of Macao, t h e then semina r i an Jose da Costa Nunes w a s invited by h i m t o be his p r i v a t e secre ta ry , and, in t h a t year, bo th left for t h e E a s t for t h e first t ime . In Macao t h e y o u n g secre ta ry wen t t h r o u g h h is l a s t yea r of Theology, a n d w a s ordained a p r ies t in t h e following year .

F a t h e r Costa N u n e s s t a r t e d se rv ing t h e Diocese with g r e a t zeal and in a t r u e miss ionary spir i t . As ea r ly a s 1906, t h a t is t w o yea r ' s only a f t e r his o rd ina t ion, and t h o u g h bare ly 26 y e a r s of a g e he w a s appointed Vicar General of t h e Diocese of Macao, and en t ru s t ed w i t h t h e government of t h e Diocese wheneve r Bishop de Cas t ro was absen t . He a lways showed a r emark a b l e prudence and ene rgy in t h e admin is t ra t ion of t h i s v a s t Diocese. A t the same t i m e F r . Costa N u n e s had to fulfil o t h e r dut ies , namely those of a Cathol ic j ou rna l i s t and of a t e a c h e r both in t h e seminary and in t h e lyceum of Macao.

In 1910, w h e n t h e Republic was proclaimed in Po r tuga l , he had , in t he absence of Bishop de Cas t ro , t o face all t h e difficulties and persecut ions ra ised up in Macao by some influential anti-rel igious people, b u t his courage and prudence won h im t h e respec t and admi ra t ion of all.

In 1918 Dom Joao Paul ino d 'Azevedo e C a s t r o died, and t h e C h a p t e r of t h e See appointed F r . Cos ta N u n e s V ica r Capitular . U n d e r h i s wise admin i s t ra t ion he improved wonderful ly t he finances

(Continued on page 19.)

HIS EXCELLENCY THE BISHOP OF MACAO.

Published by Rev. Fr. Cardon and Printed by Lithographers Limited, 37/38, Wallich Street, Singapore, S.S.

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•

rpHE work of the Catholic papers has been most praiseworthy.

They have been an effective auxiliary to the pulpit in spreading the Faith.—

POPE BENEDICT XV.

HELP

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OFFICIAL ORGAN OF CATHOLIC ACTION PUBLISHED WEEKLY.

20 Pages. No. 47. SINGAPORE, SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 10

I N D E P E N D E N T O F W O R L D L Y P O W E R

T H E C H U R C H I N T H E

" W O R L D

EFFECTS OF COMMUNISM 0

THE SAME AS CAPITALISM. V H E Catholic Church had never been the servant of capitalism,

said the Bishop of Townsville (the Right Rev. T. McGuire) in a recent address to Holy Name Men at Ayr. Capitalism meant the un-licenced greed of men made powerful by money or power who thought the whole of the State machinery could be used for their own purposes, he added. The Catholic Church received i t s ideal from Jesus Christ and had kept it unspotted until now. He had taught that money of itself mattered nothing, and had told the rich of their responsibility to the poor. Christ lived as a poor man, and used the means that were given to Him by those who were possessed erf worldly things. He did not despise worldy goods, but He died a poor man. He relied on virtue as the real power of life.

In a most ins t ruc t ive review His Lordship t raced t h e r i se of capitalism as t h e unlimited power which a few people claim t o use in t h e world. The r ise of capi ta l ism predated t h e P r o t e s t a n t Reformation and was helped forward by the division of Chr i s t i an i ty which followed t h e Reformation- -Capitalism was t h e f ru i t of h u m a n selfishness and expressed itself in many forms such as when men, for fame, abused t h e confidence their fellow cit izens h a d placed in them. H u m a n greed and selfishness were t h e cause of t h e eviJs in the world to-day. I t w a s ridlclous to say t h a t t h e Catholic Church was allied wi th t h e s e t h ings . She warned men aga in s t avar ice and definitely condemned t h e spir i t of selfishness in mankind . T h e essence of capital ism was not money but t h e spir i t which idealised money as t h e supreme end of existence and as such w a s directly opposed to Chr i s t i an i ty . Chr is t ianity t a u g h t m e n t h a t t h e y had two du t i e s : love to God and love for the i r neighbour . Communism Achieves Same End

A s Capitalism. The Bishop m a d e a tel l ing refer

ence to t h e r ise of h u m a n i s m which t&ught men pr ide in themselves and praised pagan i sm c rea t ing increased selfishness. W h e n man became selfish, w h a t e v e r ambit ion might be dominant a t t h e moment captured them. They always found t h a t when some g r e a t idea dominated society it had a few advocates a t first, b u t did not conf e r society unti l it was accepted b v the ru l ing class. Once the ™ m g class, the legis la ture , the P^ss and t h e power control l ing the J r ess espoused an idea it finally dominated the spirit of the age. In fcter days t he ma te r i a l i sm of

capitalism was matched by t h e mater ia l i sm of Communism. Nothing shocked a Communis t more t h a n to be told t h a t he was actually working for t h e s ame end a s capitalism, bu t t h a t was t h e case. Both were working f o r th ings mater ia l and when t h e end was achieved t h e y had accomplished identical results- I t was an ap pealing t h i n g to tell men t h a t they would all be millionaires, bu t many millionaires had commit ted suicide in middle age because they had failed to find happiness in money. "Deser ted by God" was P la to ' s description of t h e end of mere mater ia l ism.

God t h e J u d g e of t h e World. In t h e beginning men believed

t h a t God came first and t h a t H e would j udge t h e m in t h e next world. They believed t h a t God loved t h e m and sent His son to die for t hem. I t was easy to fall shor t of t h e Chr is t ian fa i th and i t was easy to be forgiven. Were t h e ideal of Je sus Chris t held by t h e whole world, weal th would no longer be regarded as t h e supreme end of life, bu t as a means t o improve t h e S t a t e . Over all human achievements t hey had t o p i t t h e yard-st ick of t h e t en commandments , and t h e n a man, no m a t t e r if he be a millionaire, m u s t be called w h a t he actually was in t h e s ight of God. They had to fight aga ins t t h e spi r i t of selfishness in o t h e r fo rms in t h e civilised S ta tes t h e spir i t which deprived men of t h e i r j u s t wages , deprived t h e S ta te of i t s f u tu r e citizens, deprived t h e country of i t s means of self-defence in a rapacious world which was a rmed to t h e tee th , while millions of pounds were poured out in o ther direct ions.

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MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935,

Press Gleanings by Air Mail mtiZ*** "UNEMPLOYMENT IS PERMANENT"

The most frank confession of the failure of capitalist-industrialism is contained in a letter of W. R, Lysa*ht to the Times lately. His thesis, and lie is well-acquainted with industrial conditions, is that unemployment is permanent.

He writes precisely to " emphasise the fact," to show that there is nothing disproportionate about our present two millions unemployed, and that no political party can lawfully make capital out of the unemployment figures.

A s it is now, so i t was in the beginning, and, we may add, so it ever shall be, if Mr. Lysaght's case is unanswerable. Incidentally he has gone a long: way towards confirming the views of tHose students of social problems who affirm that industrialism requires an, army of casual labourers, of people who cannot hope for continuous employment.

In endeavouring to dodge one horn of the dilemma Mr, Lysaght may well be impaled and transfixed on the ether, but bis candour is r3re and refreshing.

Some of his facts are worth studying. • * * *

THREE TERRIBLE FACTS. We do know, says Mr. Lysaght. that

at one time there were three-quarters of a million people in the workhouses, some proportion of whom would to-day figure in the lists <of unemployed.

There were at the same period 250,000 tramps on the road, nearly all of whom would to-day be included amongst the unemployed. Finally, even in times of prosperity,, trade union rolls showed that another 250,000 were more or less constantly out V>f working owing to temporary causes, and to-day all of these are counted.

In this way we reach the meiai^holy fact that industrialism at its alltged best had a standing army of 1,250,000 unemployed. No wonder we talk of the man in the street.

Mr. Lysaght has had nearly sixty years' association with industrial life, and has been connected with one of the most highly organised industrial combines in the country, whjose name is as familiar as A.B.C. in South Wales.

He proposes no solution, but records facts.

THE MILLION WOMEN. Every time we .mention the problem

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of women engaged in industry we are suspected of being anti-feminist, which is only true in so far as we object to Women labelling themselves feminists in order to get human rights. But that is by the way.

In order to complete Mr. Lysaght's tale we must mention the million women now mobilised for industry. We must remember, he says, "that there are more than a million women taking the places of men to-day, not one of whom would have been registered as unemployed in the days gone by, with which he is comparing present conditions.

If these facts are accurate he is probably right when he says that there are at least as many employed to-day, in relation to the total population, as tnere ever were, but on his own showing, something could be done by demobilising every woman who is in industry without any pressing need of supporting herself or a dependent.

We are constantly hearing of such women in factories in the Midlands, and, whilst we would not differentiate between the sexes even in the matter of wages if there were work enough to go round, we would act differently in these times.

* » . • * THE WAY, OF REFORM.

To be quite fair we would* retire every man and woman out of industry t o d a y who can live decently without working, people who have a sufficient privafe income, pension, or insurance endowment, e t c The needy must take precedence" in times lof stress.

After that, any girl or woman who is the sole support of herself or a dependent should rank for a job, at the "same rates of pay, with needy men, but all other women and girls should stand aside in favour of married men, and men anxious to get married.

The reform needs no Act of Parliament, if only employers will realise their duties and their opportunities. It is the divine plan that the hubsand is the head of the family and therefore the one to be given preference as a oreadwinner.

Women are often employed because they work for lower wages than men, and in that sense the presence of women in industry is an anti-social factor of grave import. Many of them would lose their jobs if their rates of pay-were adjusted upwards to the man's standard.

• * * * THE CATHOLIC MISSIONARY

SOCIETY. A few years ago the Catholic Mission

ary Society, in conjunction with the Guild of Ransom and the Evidence Guild, packed the Queen's Hall, and so achieved one of the most successful meetings of London Catholics. The occasion was the Society's Silver Jubilee, and Cadinal Bourne presided over the gathering.

This year, on Friday, November 22, the Catholic Missionary Society is holding aitother public meeting, at the Cathedral Hall, Westminster, with Archbishop Hinsley in the chair, to interest the public in its work.

A group of very interesting speakers has been assembled, and the evening should be extremely enjoyable. Further particulars will be found in an announcement in our columns.

We have no hesitation in commanding this work to our readers, for the Society is the only one we have which finds its complete purpose in evangelising our non-Ca*holic friends, of all religions and of none.

There must be many hundreds who owe their conversion to the work of the C.M.S., and we hope that they will all try to be present at the meeting.

* • * * CHRIST'S LAWS ARE FOR NATIONS.

Archbishop Temple's remarks on " pacifism and heresy," to quote the headlines, prompt this much by way of comment. The sooner Christianity realises that the commands p.nd procepts of Christ, though of necessity addiessed primarily to individuals, are also law for the community, the better it w^ll be for Christendom.

That Christian men should limit Christ's teaching to individual life, even to the extent of excluding states, is not only to foster laicism, but also to fhock profoundly the consciences of sensitive Christians.

Some of us profoundly desire a world in which nations will live by the same rules as individuals, rejoicing when men speak evil against them untruly, forgiving their debtors, curbing their rride

ambitious desires, giving rather and than taking, and so on through

'whole theme of Christian idealism the

Men sin vflthout remorse for their country, lying, pilfering, murdering and war-making, who would die of shame if tempted to do these things for their private advantage.

* * * * TO KILL OR TO DISABLE?

When Archbishop Temple says that until the world is converted we must compromise in some things, especially those concerned with war, we think that he is mistaken. Proportionately s. nation's right to self-defence is no greater than an individual's, and is conditioned in much the same way.

Father Henry Davis's articles on war would be a stumbling block to every ministry of defence in the world, yet they are Christian teaching. We doubt very mudr whether a theologian could escape the church's censure if he defended many of the killing methods of modern warfare.

The late Father Bernard Vaughan was Horribly and grievously wrong when he said: "Kill more Germans," for the Christian rule is that you must be content to disable your enemy, and we shall never convince the world of the folly of modern war until we have convinced it of the absolute immorality of most modern weapons and war methods.

In some things, with all respect to Dr. Temple, we have compromised far too long and grievously.

* * * * THE ROMAN INSTITUTIONS AND

SANCTIONS. We hear from Rome that, in spite of

the feeling which has been roused by the application of sanctions, the Italians remain as courteous and considerate as ever towards foreigners, even to resident English ecclesiastics and religious, though England is popularly regarded as the "villain of the piece" at the moment.

Severe hardship is bound to fall on the Italian people as a result of sanctions, but it is good to know that they are not showing petty spite against innocent foreigners, who can have had nothing to do with the issue, one way or the other.

We were ashamed to read of interested parties agitating against Italian waiters and small restaurant proprietors, and we are glad that this mean vexation has been ended.

The less we allow the angry spirit of recrimination to spread the better for us all. The League has not prevented war, nor will it be able tb shorten or stop it unless people's minds can be kept free from unnecessary bitterness. Peace-propaganda, not pro-Abyssinian war talk, is what is needed.

(Catholic Times, %th Nov.) SCIENCE AND MORALS.

In their stand against the current degradation of morals, Catholics happily have the support of great nunrbers of their non-Catholic fellow-citizens, and it is very important that all such possibilities of co-operation should be used to the utmost. A valuable reinforcement has come in the form of this year's "Ludwig Mond" lecture delivered at Manchester last week by Professor J. Graham Kerr, F.R.S., formerly Member of Parliament for the Scottish Universities. Speaking on "Biology and the State," he protested against *he theory that "every young person" should be taught "what were called 'the facts of life.'" The result was apt to be the encouragement of that interest in one's self and one's symptoms" which was "a real danger to mental health and stability." Modesty and reticence, the Professor added, were no more "Victorian prudery," they were an integral factor in life itself, and when fashion led away from them it led on the way to race suicide. In the years of t rowVi he said, the aim of education should be to take the greatest pains to do nothing to accentuate interest in the subject, but to keep the mind occupied with other interests, so that physical development might proceed in its normal and regular fashion.

* * * * AN EVIL LITERATURE.

Professor Kerr went on to denounce the "conspicuous part played m the evil work by the literature of birth co.YroL" He said that books on this subject had an immense sale, and it did not seem to be generally realised that through them there was being disseminated throughout.modern civilised commnr'ties a deadly poison, the effects of which must necessarily tend towards the extinction of some of the great rac*s of the world, races which had played a preeminent part in the development of modern civilisation. The mai.i ev : l that

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threatens the national life to .day in this matter brings ancillary evils in its Train, not the least of which is the exigence of a demoralising literature, against which our young people's minds snould be protected.

AN UNWANTED CLINIC. In Hereford, as in so many other

towns, the question has arisen of the introduction of objectionable clinics, or alternatively of the use of the general civic clinic for the provision of "birth-control" information. Hereford's Jatho-lic rector, Fr. de Normanville, O.S.B., who is an ardent civic worker as well as parish priest, has been ieadinj? the opposition by speech and in the Press. He tells us of one element in the case which is of special interest in vww of the fact that highly-placed persons are championing in the city this objectionable movement. He tells us that while constantly speaking to working-class audiences in the streets he is never asked why he is opposing this particular movement, which seems to show that it is not of interest to the workers themselves, but is foisted on them by more sophisticated persons of the well-to-do and leisured classes.

* * • * WORKERS AND CHILDREN.

In a letter to a local paper, F:*. de Normanville has rubbed this point in. "It is well known that the birth rs'e of the upper classes is round about 10 per thousand of the population. Ab^ut 20 per thousand is the minimum required to keep the population goinir. On this principle the patriotic classes, for the present, are essentially the working classes. . . . Give working class people a full living wage, let the L^cal Authority see that* all children are well fed, extend the efficiency of the medical services, and allow mothers to gratify their noblest instinct of maternity, and share with their husbands that Joy Pivin?, the greatest on earth, of laughing, loving, happy and healthy children." In addition, as Fr. de Normanville points out, efficient housing is another necessary condition.

(Universe, %th Nov.)

MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935.

On Wixiap from Albion (FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT)

T H E ROYAL W E D D I N G .

Irf t h e t ime of Queen Victoria i t became t rad i t iona l in England to speak of "Queen ' s wea the r . " Her Majesty, i t was confidently said in advance, would enjoy Queen's weather for th i s function, for t h a t function, for t h e o the r function,— in o ther words, a fine day. And so it general ly t u r n e d out. The Queen's luck seems to have descended to t h e p re sen t generat ion of the Royal House, a t a n y r a t e so far as such h a p p y events as weddings a re concerned. On November 6, when t h e Duke of Gloucester became a br idegroom, he and h i s bride were able t o dr ive in an open carr iage t h rough t h e cheering ranks of London 's loyal citizens, who thronged t h e rou te all t h e way from t h e palace to Eus ton Station. Had Hi s Royal Highness delayed his nupt ia l s unti l t h e next day, N a t u r e would have rained a persis tent deluge upon t h e newly-wed, in place of t h e rose petals which showered over t h e m a t one happy point on t h e i r wedding day. The t radi t ion of " Queen's wea the r " held, on t h e chosen date , and all went well.

Pr ince Hen ry ' s wedding was na tura l ly wi thout t h e note of ] pagean t ry which had accompanied : t h e nupt ia ls of h is b ro the r s t h e Duke of York and t h e Duke of :

K e n t ; because i t took place in a j pr iva te chapel ins tead of in t h e s ta te ly abbey Church a t West -mins ter , on account of t h e recent | dea th of t h e D u k e of Buccleuch, j fa ther of Lady Alice Scott , t h e j prince's bride. B u t Londoners would not be denied "royal pro- j gre s s " in connection wi th t h e day ' s j event. They wan ted to gree t t h e ] King's son and h i s wife a t t h e out-set of t he i r mar r i ed l i fe ; so in spi te j of t h e bereavement i t was permi t - j ted t h a t t hey should have the i r j wish. Escor ted by Life G u a r d s — j t he one touch of pagean t ry permi t t ed—the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester received t h e joyful homage of t ens of t housands in the capital . A t Eus ton they entrained for Boughton Hall, an extensive and pala t ia l house nea r Ket ter ing , where t h e honeymoon is being spent.

• * * * * The Hierarchy at the Mansion

House. The note j u s t wr i t t en has r e

ferred to a royal progress . A s these lines a re be ing posted, London's citizens a r e aga in t ak ing their places in t housands on t h e sidewalks. ThisHRme it is a civic progress t h a t is awai ted . I t v i s November 9, and we a re all agog here to see t h e Lord Mayor ' s Show. "Ring out t h e old, r i n g in t he new." M o t h e r Lord Mayor is about t o begin his year of office, af ter t h e splendidly successful year ' s reign of a faithful Catholic, Si r Stephen Killik, K.C.S.G., whose period as London's Chief M a g i s t r a t e is now at an end. Dur ing h is year of mayoral ty Sir S tephen has presided a t a number of notable functions a t t h e Mansion House. Can a n v .of. $hpm havp given hiift more pleasure t h a n one which took place only a few evenings ago, when t h e Lord Mayor 's gues t s were drawn from t h e r a n k s of his fellow-Catholics.

It was a bri l l iant and notable company. Around t h e tables a t t h e Mansion House t h a t evening

were more well known personages t h a n t h e Leader ' s space would ad-

! mi t of ment ioning in detail. Seat-| ed with t h e Lord Mayor was H i s ! Grace the Archbishop of West-I minster , in one sense t he Senior, in I another—by length of office—the | junior of t h e episcopal representa-| t ives present . Many of t h e o ther

Archbishops and Bishops of England and Wales were t h e r e ; all would have been present if heal th in every case had permit ted. Catholic peers , Catholic Judges, Catholic Abbots , par ish priests , and o ther clergy, even Catholic journal i s t s ! There were present many dist inguished workers for the Br i t i sh Commonwealth overseas ; men bear ing honoured names belonging to Catholic families t h a t had been faithful t h roughou t t h e age of persecut ion; gal lant soldiers; men

! skilled in t h e a r t s of peace. Seldom has t h e Mansion House seen such a ga the r ing . To find i t s parallel one h a s to th ink of former Catholic Lord Mayors of London in recent y e a r s ; Sir J o h n Knill, a n d

I Sir Alfred Bower, and of evenings j where they, too, played host to a

Catholic g a t h e r i n g a t t h e civic board. Sir John Knill, a l a s ! is no longer with us, bu t Sir Alfred Bower was among t h e company whom Sir Stephen Killik invited to h i s feast .

The speechmaking—in most cases—was commendably brief. Speeches we re made by t h e Lord Mayor himself, who proposed t h e toas t of t h e H ie r a r chy ; by t h e Archbishop of Wes tmins te r in r e p ly ; by t he Archbishop of Cardiff (Dr. Mos tyn) , t h e Archbishop of Liverpool (Dr . Downey) , Viscount F i tz Alan of Derwent , Lord Russell of Killowen, and Mr. Douglas Woodruff, a bri l l iant wr i te r in t h e columns of T h e Times.

The Election.

A week hence, t h e General Elec- , t ion will have been fought and won,

and we shall know how t h e for tunes of electoral w a r have gone in r e g a r d to the Catholic candidates. In t h e last Pa r l i amen t t h e r e were twenty-five Catholics in t h e House of Commons. Efforts by the Catholic newspapers to compile a l is t of candidates on t h e basis of t h e fa i th have b rough t between t h i r t y and forty names . If t hese really represent t h e total , i t looks as if t h e Catholic s t r e n g t h in t h e House in t h e new Par l i amen t is likely t o be much "as you w e r e " ; for it is too much to hope t h a t every Catholic candidate will be elected. In t h e previous Pa r l i amen t t h e r e were two Catholic member s f rom Nor th ern Ireland: Mr. Cah i r Healy and Mr. Joseph S t ewar t . They have not been re-nominated, and the i r constituency ( F e r m a n a g h and Tyrone) will r e tu rn , i t is safe to say, two "abs ten t ion is t " candidates, whose abstent ion will reduce ou r numbers by two for all practical purposes.

Anti-Catholic b igot ry is t ak ing a lively in te res t in t h e contest in cer tain of t h e Scot t ish const i tuencies, where t h e lessons of t h e r e cent ou tburs t in Ed inburgh have not yet been fully learned. A few Pro te s t an t ho theads who invaded a Catholic hall recent ly t o indulge in violence are now sadder and wiser men, poorer e i the r in l iber ty or in pocket ; for t h e m a g i s t r a t e s have inflicted impr isonment or fines. Candidates a r e be ing canvassed in t h e in teres ts of "No Popery ," b u t i t is not likely t h a t No Popery will score.

Political prophecy is r a s h ; so no more shall be said he re beyond t h a t indications point t o a r e t u r n of t h e Nat ional Government t o power, b u t w i th t h e Labour opposition considerably s t r eng thened a s compared wi th t he previous posit ion.

* * * * *

Anti-"Roman Catholic" Psychology.

Is th i s t he th in end of ano the r anti-Catholic wedge? We have had t h e fa i th assailed a s a danger to t h e pure Gospel, a s a menace to patr iot ism, as a d i s turber of family life, as a bols ter of supers t i t ion : and now it looks a s if an effort is to be made to wage wa r agains t

religious teach ing in our schools on t h e ground t h a t psychology h a s a word to say aga ins t i t . X ( t h e child's real n a m e is known t o t h e editor of The Universe , but X will suffice for public purposes) is a small child unde r seven yea r s of age, in t h e E a s t end of London. She goes to a Catholic school. She was lately seen by a doctor a t t a c h ed to a "Psychological Depar tmen t for Children." He finds a "rel i gious s t r e s s " weigh ing upon h e r ; it is "in her m i n d " and "should be releived as soon a s possible." T h e certificate goes on to say t h a t " a s in many cases, t h e unavoidable emphas is on religion in a Roman Catholic School is causing t rouble ." The medico calls for t h e removal of t h e child " f rom th i s aspect of l ife," and foresees serious consequences if t h i s is not done.

The child's pa r i sh pr ies t a sk s a very per t inent question. "Have o the r doctors discovered t h e dist u rb ing microbe" ? I t is a question wor th sending overseas . How is it wi th t h e Catholic youngs te rs in Singapore, in Malaya genera l ly? Is Catholic schooling t h e r e producing a "religious s t r e s s " ; or is i t t h a t t h e phenomenon is to be wi t nessed, "in m a n y cases ," only b y th i s par t icular "Psychological Dep a r t m e n t f o r Children." T h i s London doctor forges a new weapon. He says , in effect: " R o m a n Catholic t each ing in t h e schools is mental ly ha rmfu l to many childr en . " I t only needs t h e coming of an Educat ion A u t h o r i t y of a Red complexion to hai l t h e verdict and use it aga ins t us . B u t forewarned is fo rearmed!

* . * * * *

Fidei Defensor,

F o r fifty yea r s Canon Villiers, a B i rmingham pr ies t , h a s been defending the fa i th , and "keeping t h e Catholic end u p , " a s a le t te r -wr i te r in t h e columns of t h e B i rmingham Pos t . Tha t g r e a t provincial daily h a s marked t h e epistolary jubilee by a leading ar t ic le in which it pays a t r ibu te t o t h e Canon a s " a m a n of le t te rs and of m a n n e r s too ," p ra i s ing t h e perseverance of a correspondent of such long s tanding, and commending h i s m a n n e r as a controversial is t .

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4

G enera I Jottings of the M^eek 80 CANDIDATES RECEIVE

VARIOUS ORDERS AT GOA. EUCHARISTIC CONGRESS AT

LIMA.

On the 2nd and 4th October in the Church of the Rachol Seminary H. E. Dr. Ferreira da Silva, the Auxiliary Bishop conferred the Tonsure and Four Minor Orders cn 25 Seminarians, and on the 13th October in the Cathedral of S t Catherine, Old Goa, at the Choir Mass His Excellency ordained 24 sub-deacons, 15 deacons and 16 priests. The service which lasted from 8.30 to 12.30 was largely attended.

NEW B E L F A S T "HOSPITAL.

His Lordship the Bishop of Down and Connor, Most Rev. Dr. Mageen dedicated the chapel of Lourdes, and formally opened t h e hospital of the Sisters of Mercy at Beechmont, Falls Road, Belfast on Sunday October 27. In the course of his sermon Very Rev. Hugo Kerr, C S S JR., pointed out the sublime vocation of the Catholic nurse. "In a world that is growing every day more selfish, she is t h e one bright example of charity.*'

G E N U I N E S W I S S M I L K

SWISS MIlK fft»ESS ALPS M l <

SLEDGE BRAND. BEST FOR INFANTS

SIR JOHN GILBERT.

Great mul t i tudes of people were ! g a the r ed toge ther f rom every

p a r t of t h e Republic of Pe ru for t h e Nat ional Euchar i s t i c Congress held a t Lima. The Euchar i s t i c t heme in i t s var ious aspec ts was discussed and debated in a series of daily conferences in t h e Churches and public places of t h e city.

On Thur sday 24th October, a t t h e General Communion of t h e chi ldren, held in t h e Grea t Piazza "Dos de Mayo," 65,000 chi ldren received Holy Communion and on F r iday , 160,000 women presented themselves in the i r t u r n a t t he i r General Communion. Mgr. Ci-cognani t h e Lega te t o t h e Cong re s s was received w i t h affectiona t e w a r m t h .

The en thus iasm of t h e people knew no bounds when t h e Holy F a t h e r addressed by Radio an immense congregation a t t e n d i n g t h e closing ceremonies of t h e Congress on Sunday October 27th . T h e F e a s t of Chr is t t h e King.

The Pope 's address which was ' delivered in La t in w a s t t rans-

mi t t ed by the Vat ican Sta t ion and re layed to t h e Congress by t h e

: L ima Stat ion. Speaking from h i s p r iva t e s tudy, t h e Holy F a t h e r invoked S t . Rose of L i m a pa t ron Sain t of Peru , and spoke of h i s sa t isfact ion a t t h e success of t h e Congress which occurred a t a t i m e when t h e four th cen t ena ry of t h e capi ta l of Pe ru was be ing celebra t ed . Alluding t o t h e clouds t h a t darkened t h e skies in Eu rope and in Africa h e exhor ted t h e people t o p raye r say ing ' 'Venerable b r o t h e r s and deares t sons, p r a y wi th us t o t h e Eucha r i s t i c King of Peace for t h a t peace founded on

-^justice, and a lways accompanied ; by t r u t h and cha r i ty .

UNIVERSITY MASS AT WESTMINSTER.

The Catholic Education Council h a s launched an appeal to provide a memorial o f Sir John Gilbert who died last December. The Catholics of England owe him a debt of gratitude for his wearying but greatly successful efforts on behalf of education. He carried that good work on until, quite literally, he could not stand.

POPE'S GIFT FOR ROYAL BRIDE.

After their wedding in Sta Maria degli Angeli , which was blessed by Cardinal Dalla Costa, Archbishop of Florence, the Prince and Princesses of Asturias were received by the Holy Father in h i s private library. They remained for some t ime in conversation wi th His Holiness, who bestowed on the bride a valuable rosary of topaz mounted in gold. On arriving and on leaving t h e y were escorted with fall royal honours.

A p a r t y of 460 men and women, ; m e m b e r s of t he .Universi ty of \ London Catholic Association, in

cluding professors, heads of polytechnics, and g r a d u a t e s and s tuden t s of m a n y na t ions in academic dress a t t ended High Mass a t W e s t m i n s t e r Cathedral on Sunday October 27th, and were l a te r welcomed by Most Rev. Dr . Hinsley, a t a reception a t Archbishop 's House. Archbishop Hinsley said t h a t he was specially glad t o see t h e doctors and s tudents from t h e E a s t . He asked t h e m all t o s t r ive t o man ta in t h e Catholic principles in non-Catholic sur roundings . They should not neglect t h e danger of the i r sur roundings , because t h e r e was unbelief and indifference press ing a round them. The i r charac te r would be moulded by the i r own will and the i r own efforts and he exhor ted all to persevere in the i r devotion to t h e Association, because t h e in te res t s of t h e Catholic cause would largely depend upon t h e m o r e educated and celebrated pf r t of t h e Catholic body.

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A CARMELITE LOSS. MARRIAGE.

(By Our Special Correspondent) The Provincial of t h e Carmel i te

Province for Ireland and England, F a t h e r Cyril Ryan, O.D.C., ha s died in London, t o t h e deep grief of t h e whole Order. He was an I r i shman by b i r t h , but h i s work as Provincial made him widely known in t h e Carmel i te houses h e r e in England also. Las t s u m m e r F a -

j t he r Ryan was in t h e Uni ted \ S ta tes , v is i t ing t h e Amer ican f oun-I dat ions . He came back exhaus ted

by h i s labours , and never aga in picked up s t r eng th . H i s dea th took place in t h e Catholic hospi ta l of SS . J o h n and El izabeth, under t he ca re of t h e S i s te r s of Mercy ; but. h i s body lies in h i s own count ry . I t was t aken to Dublin, for burial , a f t e r a solemn requiem in t h e Carmel i te Church a t Kensington.

A LITURGICAL WEEK.

were concerned. Religion was a recognised force in the i r own land where just ice was independent of political control and wen t back to the E te rna l God.

(Catholic Leader. Brisbane)

The Marr iage between Mis^ Annie Francis , d a u g h t e r of Mr. P. P . Franc is , Telephone Inspector, Kua la Lumpur , and Mr. P. A. Thomas B.A. (hons.) was solemnised a t t he Church of Our Lady of Lives , Mat tancher r i , Cochin, on 11th November . Mr. P . P . Francis is a member of t h e Catholic Action Society, St . J o h n ' s Church, Kuala Lumpur , and is a Vice-Pres ident of t h e Selangor Catholic Club. He is expected back in Malaya early nex t mon th .

I N D E P E N D E N T OF WORLDLY POWER.

(By Our Special Correspondent) Birmingham Catholics h a v e la te

ly b r o u g h t t o a close a splendidly successful "Li turgical Week ," a period given to special functions, sermons , addresses , papers , etc . bear ing upon t h e Sacred L i tu rgy . The week opened in t h e Ca thedra l church of St . Chad, whe re t h e Archbishop of B i rmingham preached a learned exposition of t h e t r u e principles of l i turgical observance, emphas is ing t h e high privilege of the pr ies thood. Ano the r function took place in t h e Ora tory Church at Edgbas ton , a famous cen t re a s sociated wi th t h e life and dea th of Cardinal Newman. The re was a musical festival in t h e g rea t Birmingham Town Hall, w i th wonderful choral s ing ing ; and o the r i tems in t h e week's p rog ramme took place in var ious churches in t h e city.

The success of th i s Li turgical Week h a s been such t h a t it m a y be expected to find repet i t ion in t h e Midland diocese, and t o be t aken up also in o the r pa r t s of t h e count r y Among those who went to B i rmingham for the proceeding* were His Lordship t h e Bishop of Chfton (Dr. L e e ) : F a t h e r Mar t in-dale, S.J.. who has become a public firure by h is prominence a t t h e microphone and his act ive work in connection wi th religious broadc a s t s : and F a t h e r Desmond Coffey, a leading influence in popular is ing t h e Church ' s chant . Unde r h i s baton a choir of seven hundred Catholic children gave a beautiful r ender ing of t h e Common of t h e Mass a t one of the B i rmingham churches .

(Contd. from page 1) Religion and Business .

Men said t h a t religion and ; bus iness could never be mixed,

but every walk of life needed just ; men who res ted t h e i r conscience | upon God. T h e world needed to | be influenced in h igh and low I places by t h e g rea t principles laid ! down in Chr i s t ian i ty . Catholicity

did not oppose nat ionalism, it r egarded pa t r io t i sm as a virtue, but i t deprecated t h e nations.ism which looked down upon other nat ional i t ies . Chr is t t augh t men to look on t h e slave as a brother. Catholici ty was in sympa thy with all movements which made for the uplift of mankind. The Calholic Church stood for m a n ' s r igh ts and not for money or fame. Man must be bound toge the r by love and not by ha t r ed . Any s y s t e m founded upon class ha t r ed would gain the victories of ha t red , unti l i ts disciples tu rned upon each other-The love of money t a u g h t men to des t roy men by i nhuman conditions, therefore people turned to

; Communism for w h a t i t promised.

Religion Does Mat te r . T h e world would have to get

back to God, ceasing to hold wealth as t h e supreme end of life, or per ish by the people revolting aga ins t the creed of materia-ism. Why should they expect men brought up in a world dominated by mater ia l i sm, t a u g h t th^ t money is t h e only power to be content, to do wi thou t money because a few people had monoplised all the wea l th? Chris t had s a ; d : "Not in b read alone does m a n live." Man had a mind as well as a -stomach and it was his mind t h a t r i l ed him and not his s tomach.

Many people were s«y?ng -hat -religion did not m a t t e r , continued His Lordship. They had or>- to survey some of t h e revolutionary movements in the world to sec- that it did m a t t e r supremely. The recent h i s to ry of Russia . Germany and I ta ly definitely proved ihat religion ma t t e red in t h e c r t ica l places of t h e world where civilisation, p rogress and h u m a n liberty

(Continued st foot of previous Col-)

5

Y o u n g P e o p l e ' s P a g e

GOOD MEN ARE HARD TO FIND

A May s h o w e r ! Wha t a sweet scent the a i r holds. I wonder if any May could be lovelier t h a n ours—flowers and b i rds ; and if an English May is a s beautiful a s t h e poetry about i t . But sweet , soft showers. W i n t e r ! Not a bi t of it."

A brilliant ra inbow spanned t h e soft grey and whi te clouds; t h e tall steeple of t h e old stone church on the hill stood h igh above red-t i led roofs and d a r k Norfolk p ines ; four white birds circled slowly overhead, and a sudden glea^n of yeHow broke t h rough t h e clouds, flashed on their wings , tu rn ing t h e m to silver.

" I t ' s so p r e t t y ! I wish I could write poetry about it . There, t h e clouds are roll ing away <and out comes the sun , a l though i t 's near ly time for h i m to go to bed. The clouds a lways do roll away, if we wait long enough ."

" Oh, do t hey , Miss Ph i losophy?" said a querulous voice behind her . and Brenda t u rned to find Mr. Dal-worth f rowning on her. H e was nei ther young nor old, bu t somewhere on t h e border-land; h e was s t rong looking, well-built, b u t leaned on h i s walking-stick a s if he needed i t s support .

"Your f a t h e r is not in. W h y does he lead people to believe t h e y can see h i m h e r e ? I t ' s m o s t inconvenient."

" O h t h i s is h is special d a y , " Brenda expla ined; " h e a lways goes to Confession on Fr iday a f t e r noons."

The man b u r s t into a m i r t h l e s s laugh. "Confession! Good Heavens — a n d he a l awye r ! "

Brenda t r i e d to look g rown-up and dignified.

" My f a t h e r is a good m a n , " s h e said.

" I raise m y h a t to him t h e n , " said Mr. Dalwor th , lifting h i s felt ha t solemnly. "Good men a r e h a r d to find."

" A r e n ' t you o n e ? " asked t h e child, wi th a di rect glance f rom h e r blue eyes.

" A s good as most and b e t t e r than some," he answered, a n d a little flicker of amusement l igh ted up his f rowning eyes and b i t t e r lips.

Brenda w a s a t a loss for words . She stood in awe of Mr. D a l w o r t h ; any child would have felt a f ra id of t he stern, unhappy looking m a n .

" Do you t h i n k your f a the r will be long?"

" N o ; h e ' s a lways back by five." " I wonder w h y he cannot have

an office down in Cook S t ree t , and conduct h i s business like all t h e other lawyers of th i s hamle t . Of course, t h i s is a beautiful g a r d e n ; T aomire i t immensely, but t h o law needs no roman t i c set t ing. A lawyer with a beaut iful ga r len, and a rab i t of go ing to Confession on Fridays, is sure ly beyond me . I 'd better go t o old Screwham."

Prenda felt t h a t an explanat ion v a s necessary . " F a t h e r h a d an o"*,ce in t own—where M~ Burloigh is r:ow—but h e had great losses, and had to sell out. Oa: house is large, so h e made i t d> for bo th .

"Of course i t ' s a bi t inconvenient, hu t the old people who know him come out h e r e , and do no t mind the inconvenience, and "

] Brenda s t a r t ed , as Mr. Dal-| wor th ' s face suddenly contor ted

wi th pain, and he leant more heavily on his stick, and a curse fell from his* wr i th ing lios.

" You a r e ill. Si t her.3. '" There was a rus t ic seat a m o n g

the honeysuckle, and she led h im to it . He took a small bottle f rom his pocket, and directed Brenda to open it and give h im two of t h e table ts i t contained.

" T h e r e ! I t ' s over—until t h e nex t t ime. T h a n k you. Did I f r ighten you, ch i ld?"

" No—yes a li t t le. You look w h i t e ; can I ge t you a n y t h i n g ? Could m o t h e r help you if I r an up

" N o , N o ! I t h a s passed, bu t I'll sit here a l i t t le longer." He looked a t his wa tch . " W o u l d you mind s taying and ta lk ing to r r e ? "

" I'll s tay , bu t w h a t s> all I t a lk a b o u t ? "

" Oh any th ing—you were g m n g to wri te an ode to May, I th ink , when I in te r rup ted you. And wasn ' t t h e r e something about clouds rolling b y ? Could you cont inue in t h a t s t r a i n ? "

Brenda smiled and b i tched . " I f I had known anyone w a s

l i s tening—but i t is beautiful, i sn ' t i t ? Look now. All t h e clouds a r e gone, and t h e sky is blue w i th p ink runn ing into i t—tr immed w i t h p ink edging—and see all t h e gold in t h e w e s t ! "

" Y e s , i t is beautiful, a n d t h e clouds have nea r ly all rolled by.

f"But t he re h a v e been clouds on m y sky for y e a r s now, and t h e y will never, never roll by ." H i s voice was b i t t e r aga in .

" O h , b u t t h e y will. You m u s t be pa t ien t and hope."

Mr. Da lwor th shrugged h i s shoulders.

" P a t i e n c e , h o p e ! There is no hope for m e ; I can never be well again. Of w h a t use is pat ience to me, when hope is dead?"

" Bu t t h e r e is not c r l y t h i s , " Brenda said, and her little h a n d s m a d e a p r e t t y ges tu re ind ica t ing t h e beautiful old garden, and t h e world beyond t h e low hedge . " T h e r e is someth ing more *han th i s . The re is another life. W e have only a t iny , little life he re , and then comes t h e real one ."

His da rk eyes, now so used to t h e shadow of pain, took i r t h e

j beauty of t h e scene—the ga rden still g l i t t e r ing wi th millions of diamond-drops, t h e soft blue and pink on the horizon, t*e golden glory of t h e se t t ing sun, and t h e dying day seemed to wh 'sper warn -ingly: " T h e r e is another l ife."

Brenda looked into his face, and asked anxiously, " Do you believe in God, Mr. Da lwor th?"

E a r t h , sky, se t t ing sun and Meeting cloud seemed to ?wai t h i s answer. He felt t h a t the sp i r i t s of dead men and worn* n of his family came close to him t h e r e in t h e hush of t h e garden. Did he believe? Angels had garhered a t h is bapt ism, while a voice ans wered for t he newly-born sou*. " I do bel ieve"; he thought t hey ga thered now to hear his profession or denial of fai th in his Creator . Time was when Richard Dalwor th would have answered carelessly, b i t ter ly , recklessl / . " I do

J O K E S AN UNJUSTIFIABLE EXTRAVAG

ANCE. Sandy had bought two tickets for a

raffle and won a motor car. His friends rushed up to his house to

congratulate him, but found him as miserable as could be.

"Why, mon, what's the niaUer wi'ye?" they asked.

"It's that second ticket. Why I ever bought it I cannot imagine."

* * * * * * AND HE WONDERED WHY HE

FAILED. Taking an examination for entrance

into the Army, a young man was asked to define "military strategy."

Here is his answer: "Military strategy is when you don't let the enemy discover that you are out of ammunition, but just keep on firing!"

* * * * * * MEETING THE SITUATION.

A Sydney business man was very keen on having proficient clerks in his employ. Before a clerk could enter his office he was required to pass a written examination on his knowledge of business.

At one examination one of the questions was: "Who formed the first company?"

A certain bright youth was a little puzzled at this, but was not to be floored. He wrote:

"Noah successfully floated a company while the rest of the wor^d was in liquidation."

He passed. * * * * * * A PUZZLER.

Jerry: "Dad, I want to ask you a question.

Dad: "Well, what is it, mv boy?" Jerry: "If writing was done on

tables of stone in the olden days, did they need a hammer to break the news ?"

* * * * WHY PAT REFUSED.

"Buy a trunk?" said a dealer. "And what for should I buy a tmnk?"

said Pat. "To put your clothes in," was the

reply. "And go naked?" exclaimed Pat.

"Not a bit of it."

not bel ieve." B u t now t h e eyes of t h e innocent were t h e eyes of all t h e good women he had ever known, looking into h i s soi?l— mother , isisters, fr iends, t h e gir l he had loved.

" Y e s , child," he said huski ly, " I believe in God."

Brenda sighed wi th relief. "Oh, I am so glad. I t h o u g h t for a moment, by t h e way you spoke, t ha t p e r h a p s you had not been t a u g h t about God when vou were a child."

A t ende r smile of recollection of childhood made his fac? beautiful for a moment . " Y e s , when I was a child I was * t augh t about God,' and was qui te happy."

" Well, then , you believe in God, so eve ry th ing is r igh t , and you must hope ."

" C h i l d , " Mr. Dalworth said, a ! passion of r eg re t in his low voice, J " I wish I had fai th and confidence

like y o u r s . " " Oh, then , we mus t p ray—you

and I. Th i s is Our Lady 's month , so we m u s t p ray t o he r to obtain for you a g rea t t r u s t in God I'll

I pray for you every meaning a t I Mass, and 111 give you an intent ion ! in my Communion. I suppose you j are not well enough to go to Mass ; in t h e morn ings? But you can do

something — the r o s a r y ? Have ' you b e a d s ? "

"Every child needs milk every day.

M I L K M A I D M I L K

Mr. Dalworth blushed under t h e gaze of t h e s teady eyes.

" E r — I used to have, but " " Oh, I'D give you m y black ones

t h a t uncle sent me. I a lways like my own li t t le blue ones t h a t I 've had for yea rs and year*.. Do you remember how to say i t ? "

" I—think so." Then and there he was p u t

th rough an examinat ion, and had to repea t t h e " Hail Mary , " " Our F a t h e r , " and " G l o r y . "

" If you don ' t r e m e m b e r . t h e Myster ies you can find t hem in a p raye r book. I'll p r ay very h a r d for you. B u t you m u s t p ray , too. Will y o u ? "

He promised, humbly. " I 'm so glad you came to-day." " So a m I." " A n d here ' s fa ther . As Brenda watched t h e two m e n

walking back to t h e house, h e r childish h e a r t was full of compassion for t h a t powerful, l imping figure.

" Poor Mr. Dalworth, his body is sick and so is his soul, but Our Lady will help him. I am glad h e came to-day. All t h e good t h i n g s I do in Our Lady 's honour I'll offeui for h im."

Eve ry day in May Brenda w e n t to Mass and prayed for h e r new friend. F a t h e r and mothe r p rayed , too, t h a t t h i s proud, lonely soul migh t come back to t h e prac t ices of his childhood's fait?..

Mr. Dalwor th found 1 f r iend in his new lawyer , and a welcome always awa i t ing him in his family. He found aga in his lost belief in the goodness and hones ty of h i s fellow-men, for the lawyer ' s life was a splendid example, for h e w a s a loving husband and f a the r , a fervent Catholic, a fearless citizen, and a generous friend of t h e poor.

Mr. Dalworth goes to Mass now, and a l though he will never be wrell, he is pa t ien t and resigned, because he remembers w h a t B r e n d a brought back to his mind one May day : " W e have only a riny l i t t le life here , and then comes t h e real one."

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THE TROPICS. L R E E

6 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935.

FR. E. LELIEVRE AND THE LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BEGINNINGS.

( D R A W N FROM T H E E D I T I O N W R I T T E N BY T H E B E N E D I C T I N E S O F TEIGHMO U T H . )

(FOURTH INSTALMENT) " A f t e r w h a t h a s been said \

about England , i t m a y p e r h a p s be asked w h y t h e Li t t l e S i s t e r s went , a lmost a t t h e s a m e t ime , t o Scotland. The i r hav ing done so is a ser ies of unforeseen and involunt a r y c i rcumstances . T h e y began in Dundee and were called in Glas

gow by Mgr . Murdoch, Prefec t of t h e W e s t e r n Dis t r ic t a n d Mgr . Gray . These t w o devoted pre la tes ha rd ly believed the i r eyes when t h e y s aw t h a t t h e L i t t l e S is te rs could show themse lves eve rywhere in t h e i r hab i t s in t h e s t r e e t s of Glasgow, and t h a t t h e p r o t e s t a n t population, f a r f rom insul t ing t hem, r a t h e r showed t h e m s igns of respect . The house in which t h e S is te rs were t o es tab l i sh t h e m selves on t he i r first a r r iva l , h a d none of t h e indispensable conveniences, b u t for a long t i m e no b e t t e r hab i t a t ion could be found. It w a s reserved for Mgr . Murdoch to r en der t h i s i m p o r t a n t serv ice t o t h e r i s ing communi ty . He himself ne got ia ted wi th t h e S i s te r s of Mercy about t h e cession which t h e s e Sist e r s m a d e of a l a rge es tab l i shment t h e y h a d bought , and now found i t too f a r f rom the i r schools.

" I n E d i n b u r g h t h e foundat ion was m a d e a lmos t in t h e s a m e w a y . By a n adorable disposi t ion of P r o vidence a lady of Brusse l s , Mme . Maes, w a s inspi red t o offer t h e funds for t h i s foundat ion, for which m a n y t r i a l s could be foreseen. A t t h e beginning , t h e P r e s by te r i an min i s t e r s were fu r ious ; t hey cried down t h e S i s t e r s of t h e Poor. B u t by permiss ion from on high, t h e newspapers , general ly our wors t foes, r anged themse lves on t h e side of t h e S i s t e r s and

w r o t e in t h e i r f avour a s ea rnes t ly as t h e bes t chi ldren of t h e Church could h a v e done. I t is t h u s t h a t

. t h r e e Catholic hospices s p r a n g up" a t t h e s a m e t i m e in t h e soil of Scotland, which had no t possessed one since t h e d a y s of J o h n Kiiox."

Th i s account , given b y t h e p r in cipal wi tness , w h o overlooked h is own p a r t in exa l t ing t h a t of t h e

Bishops, was w r i t t e n in 1866, and belongs t o t h e h i s to ry of F r . Le-l ievre 's work. In r e t u r n h e received a laudat ive l e t t e r congra tu l a t ing h i m " in t h a t t h e Lord ou r God h a s most graciously accorded you a very happy end to t h e solicitude and ac t iv i ty which you h a v e const a n t l y b rough t t o th i s affair . . . . Th ings being t h u s , I exhor t you personal ly to persevere for t he re lief of t h e poor of Chr i s t , in t h e work so well commenced ; t h a t is ! to say , in such a m a n n e r t o conti- j nue t o mer i t no t only t h e encoura- | gemen t of t h e pa s to r s of t h e Church, but also t h e Benedict ion and t h e r ewards of t h e Pr ince of Pas to r s , who became poor for u s . "

The L i t t l e S i s t e r s . How is i t t h a t t housands of

young women of var ious nat ions , apd of every g rade of society, from t h e princess t o the co t tage gir l , flock to enrol themselves a s " L I T T L E S I S T E R S OF T H E P O O R ? "

W h a t does t h e life m e a n ? U t t e r personal pover ty , cons t an t a t t e n dance on helpless, querulous old a g e — t o which t h e most humil ia t ing services a r e neces sa ry ; t h e l ead ing of two lives a t once t h a t of t h e reFgious in Communi ty and t h a t of t h e devoted d a u g h t e r o r g r a n d d a u g h t e r to fai l ing old people , who m a y not a lways be

g ra te fu l for t h e self-sacrifice so willingly embraced.

W h e n God calls a soul in to being, He has a lways some special in tent ion wi th r ega rd to t h a t soul — a n d His still, small voice speaks to i t . P e r h a p s t h e soul m a y not h e a r or answer to His voice for half a cen tu ry—perhaps not a t all — p e r h a p s a s soon a s reason teaches it t o know God. His call is t h e divine vocation. I t may b e to a n y Order or any Congregation, bu t in each case He displays before t h e soul some special a t t r a c t ion t h a t impels i t t owards i ts end.

A n d w h a t cons t i tu tes t h e special a t t r ac t ion t o be a " L I T T L E S I S T E R OF T H E P O O R ? " F r . Lel ievre would tell us (1) confidence in God, (2) cha r i ty towards t h e aged poor, (3) love of self-sacrifice.

T ru ly and indeed, a superna tu ra l life and work.

Le t us t h i n k of some poor old m a n or woman who, helpless from age and infirmity, h a s lain for weeks—months—in some wretched cellar or g a r r e t , unable t o wash or move wi thout help, and t h e fire of life only kep t b u r n i n g by c rus t s or sc raps spared by some neighbour no less poor. The l i t t le S is te rs h e a r t h e sad s t o r y and, if a bed is t o spa re—somet imes if i t i sn ' t— t h e y come and c a r r y off t h e represen t a t i ve of t h e i r Divine Lord— rejoicing. Now, who will comb out t h e tangled ha i r , t a k e off t h e damp, filthy r ags , and gent ly avoiding t h e m a n y sores, wash and cleanse t h e ha rdened skin of t h e poor sufferer, l ay ing the t i r ed l imbs, f reshly clothed, in a clean bed? W h o bu t t h e Li t t l e S i s t e r ?

A n d who will b r ing t h e ref reshing dr ink , t h e cup of t e a or coffee, p repa i red f rom t h e leavings of some hotel o r well-to-do f ami ly ; and who h a s toiled t h r o u g h t h e s t r e e t s ask ing and begging for t h e " c r u m b s t h a t fall from t h e rich m a n ' s table ?" Who, b u t t h e Li t t le Sis ter , pa t ient ly , unweariedly, accep t ing hard and even abusive words somet imes , and answer ing meekly and b rave ly : "Those abusive wrords a r e for me, myself ; now will you give m e someth ing for m y poor old people?"

And yet t h i s is only half her mission, and t h e mate r ia l half a t t h a t . How m a n y hundreds , nay, t housands of souls a t t h e last day, will point to J eanne J u g a n and her L i t t l e Sis ters , and bless God for t h e i r min is t ry in leading t h e m to Him ? So much for t h e self-sacrifice. Now for t h e confidence in God.

" W h a t have you in t h e house, Good Mother , for t he dinner of y o u r poor people? And for tomor row ?"

" I haven ' t t h o u g h t of tomorrow —to-day I have only these bills," and she held out t he papers on which the deb t s of t h e house were noted. Then, wi th a sudden insp i ra t ion , she sa id :

"Take these bills into the town, Sis ter , and sell t h e m . "

" W h a t shall I sell them for, Good M o t h e r ? "

"Sell each for t he amount marked on it a s owing." The Li t t le S i s te r obeyed, and t h e dear old people wero told to pray .

Presen t ly t h e Sis te r re turned. S h e had found purchasers for each bill a t full price. "God sent them

to me," w a s all she said. Again—even more wonderful to

a spiri t of f a i t h : ear ly in t h e history of t h e Hospital ler Sis ters t h e cook had bu t a. small quan t i ty of beans, scarcely enough for ten people, and t h a t was all for t he dinner of for ty aged poor. "God will provide," she said, and put t he beans in t h e pot. .When served up the re was enough for everyone, and some over.

How m a n y more examples migh t not be quo ted? The old shoes were placed before t h e s t a tue of St. Joseph w i t h t h e information, humbly given, "Good St . Joseph, our

j old people have no shoes ; " in less I than twenty- four hours , St . Joseph

sent a supply. Confidence in God and love of

sacrifice a r e both exemplified by the spir i t of poverty which is such a marked character is t ic of t h e Lit t le S i s te r s . I t is deeply rooted in t h e i r hea r t s . "The words , " wri tes t h e i r chronicler, "of t h e Abbe Roger , Vicar-General of Toulouse, a r e for us very i l luminating ." A f t e r giving to t h e Good Mother a n account of the a r r iva l of t h e S i s te r s a t Toulouse, h e added: "Their house is ne i ther l a rge nor comfortable. I hope t h e r e will be room in i t for t h e old people, for ty in number . I t is plainly, even poorly furnished. I could have furnished i t more completely and have provided nicer furn i ture , bu t the Super ior did no t t h ink t h a t such would be suitable. She prefers t h a t h e r house should bea r t he s t amp of poverty. God will bless it all t h e more. H e is pleased to choose weakness and noth ingness to show fo r th in a more s t r ik ing manne r H i s Divine Power ." In th i s house t h e ki tchen was on the th i rd floor. In spi te of all difficulties, t h e Li t t le Sis ter who had to provide meals for more t h a n for ty people, was never hea rd to complain. She was used to bear discomfort of every kind for t h e good of souls .

Dur ing one win te r t he re was a dea r th of fuel. The Li t t l e Sist e r s had recourse to St. Joseph, and t h e old people wished to do the i r p a r t . Bent wi th years , and wi th difficulty suppor t ing themselves on t h e i r st icks, t hey dragged the i r l imbs to t h e little o ra tory and, kneel ing a t t h e door, said with t h e u tmos t s implici ty: "St Joseph, w e have no more wood and t h e w e a t h e r is very cold." Then they hobbled back to the i r quart e r s . T h e F o r s t e r - F a t h e r of Je sus hea rd the i r reques t and did not delay to provide for his aged children p lenty of firing to w a r m their chilled l imbs.

At n igh t , when the old people had re t i red to bed, and again in t he early m o r n i n g before t hey are awake, t h e Lit t le Sis ters perform the i r Communi ty devotions, prayer, medi ta t ion and office, s t ren-gh ten ing the i r souls for t h e day 's work whi le the i r "dear old children" a r e asleep.

In t h e foundations of early years all t he Sis ters were ei ther French o r Belgian and still as t ime wen t on the g rea t e r number came f rom these count r ies ; since then, in Engl ish t e r r i to ry and America, all t h e old people could only speak English, it was necessary for t h e Li t t le Sis ters to become l inguis ts , and natural ly , th is was not easy for everyone. But t he ext ra lab{>ur was cheerfully embraced and t h e m a n y little slips of t he tongue only caused amusement .

Difficulties often beset them with r ega rd to t h e t empers and charac te r of the old people received. Is i t possible to h u m a n na-

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t u r e t h a t so m a n y can live together in perfect accord? As a general custom, in mak ing a new "family mans ion" a few dependable men and women a r e admit ted who form a nucleus and give a tone which is caugh t by t he newcomers. There h a v e been difficulties, and in dealing w i th many cases much skill and t a c t a re required by t h e Li t t le S i s t e r s .

An old poacher had been admi t ted in to one house ; he was a big, s t r o n g fellow wi th an ungovernable temper . Af te r several infractions of the rule, he so far forgot himself as to speak insolently t o t h e Superior, who felt t h e obligation to repr imand. She waited for a favourable moment,, and t h e n said with g r e a t calmness of voice and m a n n e r : "Th i s is not r ight , Mar t i n , you a re a man , and we a re only women. W h a t would become of us if, instead of protecting and defending us , you should go aga ins t u s ? "Mar t in who was expecting a good scolding, bowed down h is head and kept aloof. But t h e next morn ing he came to her and sa id :

"Good Mother , you shall have no reason to complain of me again. Since you did not punish me, I shall do it myself." And he gave up for a whole year h i s leave to go out, and by th is heroic treatment, became one of t h e most submissive and gentle inmates of the house.

In a sou thern house, the inmates became quar re l some; the en la rgement of the building had caused too m a n y to be admi t ted at once, and t h a t peace which makes t h e happiness of t he home had been d is turbed . The Good Mothe r first consulted h e r Sisters, and then sen t for the most influential man of t h e group and told him tha t if t h e old people could not live a t peace among themselves, the S is te rs would prefer to leave, r a the r t h a n see them t h u s abuse char i ty . The r ingleader went out on some e r rand , pondered over the mat te r , hur r i ed back home to meet his companions in the i r sit t ing-room, then he emphatically condemned t h e i r behaviour and bickering, and for his own par t he begged pardon of his companions. His example moved t h e others, who shook hand all round, and promised t o live henceforth in harmony. Peace re turned to the house, and caught t h e women's quar t e r s , and nowhere could be seen bet ter -behaved old people.

(Continued on page 7)

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 7

Notes Fro mHong Kong SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY

ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE CELEBRATES DIAMOND JUBILEE

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF DANTE.

The Diamond Jubi lee of St . Joseph's College, one of t h e oldest educational ins t i tu t ions in Hongkong, took place recently, when Low Mass was celebrated in t h e College Chapel by t h e Right Rev. Bishop H. Va l to r t a .

I t was in November , in t he year 1875, t h a t a band of seven Christian Bro the r s of St . John Bapt is t de la Salle first set foot in Hongkong. On t h e following day a school was opened, and the success t h a t followed t h e enterprise was so g rea t t h a t to-day t h e Christian Brothers have two of the most flourshing schools ex is t ing in t h e Colony, namely, St. Joseph 's College, a t Kennedy Road, and La Salle College in Kowloon.

The Director of t h e former College is t h e Rev. B r o t h e r Mat thias , while t h e Director of La Salle is the Rev. Bro ther Aimar , who from 1923 unt i l his appo in tment to t h a t school was Director of St. Joseph's College.

As a m a t t e r of historical interest it may be well to s t a t e t ha t in September 1860 t h e first Catholic School for European boys was opened in a very small house in S t aun ton St ree t wi th two teachers . ^Gradually these two schools—that and a gi r ls ' school—developed themselves and in t i m e became, the la t ter , t h e l a r^e and import an t I tal ian Convent in Caine Road ; t h e former , first, St. Saviour 's College, and, later , t h e present St . Joseph ' s College. Brothe r Hidulphe was t h e first director of t h e College.

The foundation s tone of the former St. Joseph 's College in Robinson Road was laid on November 3, 1881, by t h e then Governor of Hongkong, Sir John Pope Hen-nessy.

Damage by E a r t h q u a k e . An ea r thquake in 1918 damaged

the College building. T h e main walls of t h e annexes were badly cracked, and it was considered un

safe t o remain in occupation of thei building. The outbreak of t h e World W a r in 1914 had brought about a slump in land values in t he Colony and t h e r e were m a n y vacant houses. T h e r a r e opportuni ty t h u s presented itself for t h e acquisition of t h e extensive proper ty in Kennedy Road, t h e former German Club. This happened during an early s t age of Brother Aimar ' s adminis t ra t ion . Thanks to Bro ther A imar ' s unflinching courage and determinat ion t o face all financial difficulties, and to t he aid gran ted by t h e Government, t he occupation of t h e present fine, spacious building near t h e Peak Tramway lower t e rminus became possible.

Standing wi th only 70 boys in 1875, St. Joseph ' s College has an. enrolment to-day of over 800.

In t h e forefront of progress , St. Joseph 's led t h e way in t h e Boy Scouts ' movement in Hongkong and a College Troop was formed in October. 1913/ St . Joseph ' s College Troop has t he dist inction of being t h e "1st Hongkong Troop of Baden Powell Boy Scouts ."

The Golden Jubi lee of the College was celebrated on May 17, 1926, when t h e Hon. Mr. J . P . Braga , a former pupil, gave an address of g rea t his tor ical in teres t .

When the call for volunteers was made a t t he ou tb reak of the Grea t War , pas t pupils of St . Joseph 's College were not found want ing. Some joined up wi th t h e first cont ingent from H o n g k o n g ; o thers la ter . Mr. F . M. Soares made t h e supreme sacrifice.

In t h e field of l i te ra ture , St . Jbsephians have had much success. Mr. C. A. Montal to de Jesus by his book "Historic Macau" carved his name in t he niche of fame. Besides several pamphle ts , Mr. Montalto has published a book on t h e h is tory of Shanghai . H e accompanied t h e Por tuguese Delegation to t h e Washington Conference and to The Hague .

FR. E. L E L I E V R E A N D THE L I T T L E SISTERS O F T H E POOR. (Continued from page 6)

Thus the new comers, even t h e most refractory, a r e soon won over by patience and kindness , and comply wi th the regula t ions of t h e house ? A few quiet words , a little encouragement, some small confidential office or occupation a re powerful s t imulan ts in t h i s government of char i ty , ma te rna l and firm. Besides, t h e generosi ty of the Sis ters , t h e example of their life of sacrifice, gives t h e m an ir-resistable moral a u t h o r i t y over the inmates , who see and feel t he constant service of devotion and love t h a t is rendered towards them. A change is insensibly wrought "and ge ts s t ronger by degrees and the resul ts a re very consoling. Of course, there a re exceptions, bu t these a re rare .

In one of t h e n o r t h e r n countries ^n old woman was admi t ted who was very fond of whisky . Two Little Sis ters had gone to t ake her from a wretched hovel which she called " P u r g a t o r y ! " F o r two or three months , in order gradually to break t h e habi t , she got every day a " toddv," t h a t is, mix ture of

; whisky, water and sugar . This | di luted stuff did not sui t her, she

would have prefer red it neat, and used to say, " I cannot even t a s t e i t ." After a while she got accustomed to it, and seemed to care for nothing else. Many a t t empt s had been made to induce her to give it up, but all to no purpose. E m b e r days c a m e : when the Good Mother was going round, th is old woman called her , and said in a whisper, for she was shy of let t ing t h e others know she had whisky, "I haven ' t had m y toddy." The Good Mother took her opportuni ty and sa id :

"But don't you know this is a fast day ? Won' t you give up your toddy for God's s a k e ? " After a moment ' s reflection the old woman answered :

"Yes, if it is be t ter , I will not t ake i t ." She was encouraged, but it was not expected t ha t he r resolution would last beyond t h e one day. The nex t morning she said to the Li t t le S i s t e r :

" I won't t ake it any more, for the love of God."

Great celebrations, honoured by P I : encyclical le t te r of Pope Benedict XV, marked in 1921 the s ix th centenary of t h e pass ing of t h e grea t Florent ine poet, whose immorta l "Commedia," t h e g rea t e s t epic ever conceived by h u m a n mind, remains a book always open to us , for in i t Dan te re la tes t h e way of the fallen m a n to God. We find in it t h e h i s to ry of our own l ife: our pas t t r ansgress ions and the i r b i t t e r f rui t , t h e a rduous s t ruggle of moun t ing t h e hill of purification and t h e marvel lous joy of confession when t h e w a t e r s of Eunoe wash clean both foul s ta ins and evil memor i e s ; for a s t h e Holy F a t h e r s ays in conclu-

| sion of his encyclical: Dan te did not | propose any end to h i s poem bu t

ra is ing mortal man from t h e s t a t e of misery i.e., sin, and leading h im to t h e s t a t e of felicity,

j which is Divine Grace. The reading of Dan te ' s immor ta l

works must necessari ly be preceded by a s tudy of conditions pre vailing in Europe a t the t i m e

, when h e was born, i.e., t he second | half of the 13th. century . The I long quarrels t h a t t h e Emperor s j | had waged aga ins t t h e Papacy i i had j u s t t e rmina ted . Freder ick | j I I had died in 1250, hav ing gained J I some signal victories t h a t made | j h is re ign famous, bu t in the end I he had failed like h is g r a n d - f a t h e r ; | t h e Papacy, victorious in all j a t t acks , and freed f rom the yoke

of feudalism will now apply t h e policy outlined by Popes St . Gregory VII and Innocent i n . The Popes of Rome a r e hencefor th to be t he g r e a t e r sovereigns in Europe for several centur ies , no t indeed in mi l i tary s t r eng th , b u t in influence and in mora l power ; while t h e Empi re wi th i t s glorious pas t and all i t s pretensions, had sunk to a mere t i t le and theory . St Louis, y^ho likes t o be called God's Sergeant , re igns in F rance and he remains in h is tory t h e ideal Chris t ian monarch . Devoted to t h e in teres ts of t h e Church, t h e protector of t h e Bishops and clerics, loyal and respectful to t h e Holy See, his only ambit ion is t o

j establish his government on t h e j bases of jus t ice and t r u t h ; t h e | universal confidence of his people I in his charac te r has , to a g r e a t r

j ex tent , suppressed pr iva te w a r ; th roughout his dominions. A t I this t ime, the saint ly monarch is I p lanning a new expedit ion aga ins t j t h e T u r k s to t r y once more to re -i cover from them t h e Holy L a n d ;

it will be the e ighth and last of these vas t enterpr ises of Chr is t ian chivalry. This religious movement , which for a cen tu ry and a half carried away Chr is t ian Europe towards Asia resulted in advantages which m u s t not be fo rgo t ten : the Mohommedan invaders were put back two or t h r e e centuries, science and a r t s , notably Geography and Navigat ion, recei-veo1 a great s t i m u l u s ; the enfranchisement of t h e serfs produced wi th solicitude prudence ; so many i t ems of progress jus t i fy ing Joseph Mais t re ' s verdict on these dis tant expedi t ions: "None succeeded, ye t all were sucessful." On the o ther hand, they brought t he Occidentals

in contact wi th t h e Saracen and Byzant ine worlds, both equally corrupt t hough brilliant and seducing, and t h u s caused t h e Chr is t ian kn igh t s t o lose t h e simplicity of t he i r fai th and of the i r mora ls . As George B. Adams r emarks , "The Crusades a r e typically medieval in t h e causes which b rough t t h e m about , bu t in t h e r e su l t s which followed from them, they began the t ransformat ion of t h e medieval in to t h e modern."*

Nowhere did these good and bad resu l t s of t h e Crusades appea r be t t e r t h a n in I taly, a t t he close of t h e 13th. cen tury . A considerable number of nobles had per ished, and as m a n y were ru ined; t he bu rghe r s of t h e g rea t cities of t he Peninsula had ammassed large for tunes and wished to procure political power. In Florence they were s t rong enough to exclude all nobles from public office: in 1293, t hey decreed t h a t only those who were inscribed in one of t h e popular gui lds would obtain^ municipal offices, and in 1295 w e * ' see Dante enrolled in t h e guild of physicians a n d apothecar ies to which the booksellers, t h e a r t i s t s and the men of learning also belonged . Commerce had acquired considerable development, and by 1250 a regular cycle of t r ade had been es tabl ished: Venetian sh ips carr ied suga r to London, whence Engl ish wool was shipped to F landers , to be exchanged the re for cloth, which was dis t r ibuted along t h e line of rou te to t h e Levant , where new cargoes of E a s t e r n commodities were obtained for t h e r e t u r n voyage ; needless to say, t h e bulk of t h e profit in all t hese exchanges remained wi th t h e Venet ians , and th i s accounts for the i r rapid g rowth in w e a l t h ; and here let us note with F r . Engels t h a t "The merchant w a s t h e revolut ionary agerit in t h e middle ages . " New needs had to be satisfied, t h e use of money spread in t h e masses , t h e Lombard Jews opened banking agencies in t h e principal commercial ci t ies of Europe.

(To be continued)

* George B. tory p. 209.

Adams: European His-

was and real

de

"How is t h a t ? " "Oh I have t hough t it over, and

said to myself: W h a t is t he use of being in a convent if we won ' t make sacrifices?" She was fa i thful to her resolut ion; and these a re t h e rewards valued by t h e Lit t le Sis ters .

N E W CATHOLIC COLLEGE I N T H E GOLD COAST W I L L O P E N

N E X T J A N U A R Y . Amisano (Gold Coast, Br i t i sh

Wes t Afr ica) .—St . Augus t ine ' s College, Cape Coast, a Catholic Secondary School and Tra in ing College, will be opened in J a n u a r y 1936. The school is a jo int undert ak ing of t h e t h r e e Catholic mis s ionary te r r i to r ies of the Gold Coast and occupies a 230-acre t r a c t of land near t h e sea gran ted by the Nat ive au thor i t ies .

The Secondary School will be organised on modern lines and is intended to give a sound moral and intellectual t r a in ing according to t he best Catholic t radi t ions , and ul t imately to p repare boys for t he public examinat ions of t h e Cambridge Univers i ty Local Examina t ions ' Syndicate, London Matr iculation and t h e Civil Service. T h e depar tmen t is open to all boys irrespective of creed.

The Teacher -Tra in ing Depar t men t will admi t only Catholic boys of VII S t anda rd or Jun io r Cambr idge . The normal course is four years .

Work has been proceeding on t h i s college for t h e last ten m o n t h s . The corner stone w a s laid by Sir Arnold W. Hodson, Governor of t h e Gold Coas t . (Fides.)

6 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935.

FR. E. LELIEVRE AND THE LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BEGINNINGS.

( D R A W N FROM T H E E D I T I O N W R I T T E N BY T H E B E N E D I C T I N E S O F TE IGH M O U T H . )

(FOURTH INSTALMENT) " A f t e r w h a t h a s been said \

about England , i t m a y p e r h a p s be asked w h y t h e Li t t l e S i s t e r s went , a lmost a t t h e s a m e t ime , t o Scotland. The i r hav ing done so is a ser ies of unforeseen and involunt a r y c i rcumstances . T h e y began in Dundee and were called in Glas

gow by Mgr . Murdoch, Prefec t of t h e W e s t e r n Dis t r ic t a n d Mgr . Gray . These t w o devoted pre la tes ha rd ly believed the i r eyes when t h e y s aw t h a t t h e L i t t l e S is te rs could show themse lves eve rywhere in t h e i r hab i t s in t h e s t r e e t s of Glasgow, and t h a t t h e p r o t e s t a n t population, f a r f rom insul t ing t hem, r a t h e r showed t h e m s igns of respect . The house in which t h e S is te rs were t o es tab l i sh t h e m selves on t he i r first a r r iva l , h a d none of t h e indispensable conveniences, b u t for a long t i m e no b e t t e r hab i t a t ion could be found. It w a s reserved for Mgr . Murdoch to r en der t h i s i m p o r t a n t serv ice t o t h e r i s ing communi ty . He himself ne got ia ted wi th t h e S i s te r s of Mercy about t h e cession which t h e s e Sist e r s m a d e of a l a rge es tab l i shment t h e y h a d bought , and now found i t too f a r f rom the i r schools.

" I n E d i n b u r g h t h e foundat ion was m a d e a lmos t in t h e s a m e w a y . By a n adorable disposi t ion of P r o vidence a lady of Brusse l s , Mme . Maes, w a s inspi red t o offer t h e funds for t h i s foundat ion, for which m a n y t r i a l s could be foreseen. A t t h e beginning , t h e P r e s by te r i an min i s t e r s were fu r ious ; t hey cried down t h e S i s t e r s of t h e Poor. B u t by permiss ion from on high, t h e newspapers , general ly our wors t foes, r anged themse lves on t h e side of t h e S i s t e r s and

w r o t e in t h e i r f avour a s ea rnes t ly as t h e bes t chi ldren of t h e Church could h a v e done. I t is t h u s t h a t

. t h r e e Catholic hospices s p r a n g up" a t t h e s a m e t i m e in t h e soil of Scotland, which had no t possessed one since t h e d a y s of J o h n Kiiox."

Th i s account , given b y t h e p r in cipal wi tness , w h o overlooked h is own p a r t in exa l t ing t h a t of t h e

Bishops, was w r i t t e n in 1866, and belongs t o t h e h i s to ry of F r . Le-l ievre 's work. In r e t u r n h e received a laudat ive l e t t e r congra tu l a t ing h i m " in t h a t t h e Lord ou r God h a s most graciously accorded you a very happy end to t h e solicitude and ac t iv i ty which you h a v e const a n t l y b rough t t o th i s affair . . . . Th ings being t h u s , I exhor t you personal ly to persevere for t he re lief of t h e poor of Chr i s t , in t h e work so well commenced ; t h a t is ! to say , in such a m a n n e r t o conti- j nue t o mer i t no t only t h e encoura- | gemen t of t h e pa s to r s of t h e Church, but also t h e Benedict ion and t h e r ewards of t h e Pr ince of Pas to r s , who became poor for u s . "

The L i t t l e S i s t e r s . How is i t t h a t t housands of

young women of var ious nat ions , apd of every g rade of society, from t h e princess t o the co t tage gir l , flock to enrol themselves a s " L I T T L E S I S T E R S OF T H E P O O R ? "

W h a t does t h e life m e a n ? U t t e r personal pover ty , cons t an t a t t e n dance on helpless, querulous old a g e — t o which t h e most humil ia t ing services a r e neces sa ry ; t h e l ead ing of two lives a t once t h a t of t h e reFgious in Communi ty and t h a t of t h e devoted d a u g h t e r o r g r a n d d a u g h t e r to fai l ing old people , who m a y not a lways be

g ra te fu l for t h e self-sacrifice so willingly embraced.

W h e n God calls a soul in to being, He has a lways some special in tent ion wi th r ega rd to t h a t soul — a n d His still, small voice speaks to i t . P e r h a p s t h e soul m a y not h e a r or answer to His voice for half a cen tu ry—perhaps not a t all — p e r h a p s a s soon a s reason teaches it t o know God. His call is t h e divine vocation. I t may b e to a n y Order or any Congregation, bu t in each case He displays before t h e soul some special a t t r a c t ion t h a t impels i t t owards i ts end.

A n d w h a t cons t i tu tes t h e special a t t r ac t ion t o be a " L I T T L E S I S T E R OF T H E P O O R ? " F r . Lel ievre would tell us (1) confidence in God, (2) cha r i ty towards t h e aged poor, (3) love of self-sacrifice.

T ru ly and indeed, a superna tu ra l life and work.

Le t us t h i n k of some poor old m a n or woman who, helpless from age and infirmity, h a s lain for weeks—months—in some wretched cellar or g a r r e t , unable t o wash or move wi thout help, and t h e fire of life only kep t b u r n i n g by c rus t s or sc raps spared by some neighbour no less poor. The l i t t le S is te rs h e a r t h e sad s t o r y and, if a bed is t o spa re—somet imes if i t i sn ' t— t h e y come and c a r r y off t h e represen t a t i ve of t h e i r Divine Lord— rejoicing. Now, who will comb out t h e tangled ha i r , t a k e off t h e damp, filthy r ags , and gent ly avoiding t h e m a n y sores, wash and cleanse t h e ha rdened skin of t h e poor sufferer, l ay ing the t i r ed l imbs, f reshly clothed, in a clean bed? W h o bu t t h e Li t t l e S i s t e r ?

A n d who will b r ing t h e ref reshing dr ink , t h e cup of t e a or coffee, p repa i red f rom t h e leavings of some hotel o r well-to-do f ami ly ; and who h a s toiled t h r o u g h t h e s t r e e t s ask ing and begging for t h e " c r u m b s t h a t fall from t h e rich m a n ' s table ?" Who, b u t t h e Li t t le Sis ter , pa t ient ly , unweariedly, accep t ing hard and even abusive words somet imes , and answer ing meekly and b rave ly : "Those abusive wrords a r e for me, myself ; now will you give m e someth ing for m y poor old people?"

And yet t h i s is only half her mission, and t h e mate r ia l half a t t h a t . How m a n y hundreds , nay, t housands of souls a t t h e last day, will point to J eanne J u g a n and her L i t t l e Sis ters , and bless God for t h e i r min is t ry in leading t h e m to Him ? So much for t h e self-sacrifice. Now for t h e confidence in God.

" W h a t have you in t h e house, Good Mother , for t he dinner of y o u r poor people? And for tomor row ?"

" I haven ' t t h o u g h t of tomorrow —to-day I have only these bills," and she held out t he papers on which the deb t s of t h e house were noted. Then, wi th a sudden insp i ra t ion , she sa id :

"Take these bills into the town, Sis ter , and sell t h e m . "

" W h a t shall I sell them for, Good M o t h e r ? "

"Sell each for t he amount marked on it a s owing." The Li t t le S i s te r obeyed, and t h e dear old people wero told to pray .

Presen t ly t h e Sis te r re turned. S h e had found purchasers for each bill a t full price. "God sent them

to me," w a s all she said. Again—even more wonderful to

a spiri t of f a i t h : ear ly in t h e history of t h e Hospital ler Sis ters t h e cook had bu t a. small quan t i ty of beans, scarcely enough for ten people, and t h a t was all for t he dinner of for ty aged poor. "God will provide," she said, and put t he beans in t h e pot. .When served up the re was enough for everyone, and some over.

How m a n y more examples migh t not be quo ted? The old shoes were placed before t h e s t a tue of St. Joseph w i t h t h e information, humbly given, "Good St . Joseph, our

j old people have no shoes ; " in less I than twenty- four hours , St . Joseph

sent a supply. Confidence in God and love of

sacrifice a r e both exemplified by the spir i t of poverty which is such a marked character is t ic of t h e Lit t le S i s te r s . I t is deeply rooted in t h e i r hea r t s . "The words , " wri tes t h e i r chronicler, "of t h e Abbe Roger , Vicar-General of Toulouse, a r e for us very i l luminating ." A f t e r giving to t h e Good Mother a n account of the a r r iva l of t h e S i s te r s a t Toulouse, h e added: "Their house is ne i ther l a rge nor comfortable. I hope t h e r e will be room in i t for t h e old people, for ty in number . I t is plainly, even poorly furnished. I could have furnished i t more completely and have provided nicer furn i ture , bu t the Super ior did no t t h ink t h a t such would be suitable. She prefers t h a t h e r house should bea r t he s t amp of poverty. God will bless it all t h e more. H e is pleased to choose weakness and noth ingness to show fo r th in a more s t r ik ing manne r H i s Divine Power ." In th i s house t h e ki tchen was on the th i rd floor. In spi te of all difficulties, t h e Li t t le Sis ter who had to provide meals for more t h a n for ty people, was never hea rd to complain. She was used to bear discomfort of every kind for t h e good of souls .

Dur ing one win te r t he re was a dea r th of fuel. The Li t t l e Sist e r s had recourse to St. Joseph, and t h e old people wished to do the i r p a r t . Bent wi th years , and wi th difficulty suppor t ing themselves on t h e i r st icks, t hey dragged the i r l imbs to t h e little o ra tory and, kneel ing a t t h e door, said with t h e u tmos t s implici ty: "St Joseph, w e have no more wood and t h e w e a t h e r is very cold." Then they hobbled back to the i r quart e r s . T h e F o r s t e r - F a t h e r of Je sus hea rd the i r reques t and did not delay to provide for his aged children p lenty of firing to w a r m their chilled l imbs.

At n igh t , when the old people had re t i red to bed, and again in t he early m o r n i n g before t hey are awake, t h e Lit t le Sis ters perform the i r Communi ty devotions, prayer, medi ta t ion and office, s t ren-gh ten ing the i r souls for t h e day 's work whi le the i r "dear old children" a r e asleep.

In t h e foundations of early years all t he Sis ters were ei ther French o r Belgian and still as t ime wen t on the g rea t e r number came f rom these count r ies ; since then, in Engl ish t e r r i to ry and America, all t h e old people could only speak English, it was necessary for t h e Li t t le Sis ters to become l inguis ts , and natural ly , th is was not easy for everyone. But t he ext ra lab{>ur was cheerfully embraced and t h e m a n y little slips of t he tongue only caused amusement .

Difficulties often beset them with r ega rd to t h e t empers and charac te r of the old people received. Is i t possible to h u m a n na-

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t u r e t h a t so m a n y can live together in perfect accord? As a general custom, in mak ing a new "family mans ion" a few dependable men and women a r e admit ted who form a nucleus and give a tone which is caugh t by t he newcomers. There h a v e been difficulties, and in dealing w i th many cases much skill and t a c t a re required by t h e Li t t le S i s t e r s .

An old poacher had been admi t ted in to one house ; he was a big, s t r o n g fellow wi th an ungovernable temper . Af te r several infractions of the rule, he so far forgot himself as to speak insolently t o t h e Superior, who felt t h e obligation to repr imand. She waited for a favourable moment,, and t h e n said with g r e a t calmness of voice and m a n n e r : "Th i s is not r ight , Mar t i n , you a re a man , and we a re only women. W h a t would become of us if, instead of protecting and defending us , you should go aga ins t u s ? "Mar t in who was expecting a good scolding, bowed down h is head and kept aloof. But t h e next morn ing he came to her and sa id :

"Good Mother , you shall have no reason to complain of me again. Since you did not punish me, I shall do it myself." And he gave up for a whole year h i s leave to go out, and by th is heroic treatment, became one of t h e most submissive and gentle inmates of the house.

In a sou thern house, the inmates became quar re l some; the en la rgement of the building had caused too m a n y to be admi t ted at once, and t h a t peace which makes t h e happiness of t he home had been d is turbed . The Good Mothe r first consulted h e r Sisters, and then sen t for the most influential man of t h e group and told him tha t if t h e old people could not live a t peace among themselves, the S is te rs would prefer to leave, r a the r t h a n see them t h u s abuse char i ty . The r ingleader went out on some e r rand , pondered over the mat te r , hur r i ed back home to meet his companions in the i r sit t ing-room, then he emphatically condemned t h e i r behaviour and bickering, and for his own par t he begged pardon of his companions. His example moved t h e others, who shook hand all round, and promised t o live henceforth in harmony. Peace re turned to the house, and caught t h e women's quar t e r s , and nowhere could be seen bet ter -behaved old people.


M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 7

Notes Fro mHong Kong SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY

ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE CELEBRATES DIAMOND JUBILEE

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF DANTE.

The Diamond Jubi lee of St . Joseph's College, one of t h e oldest educational ins t i tu t ions in Hongkong, took place recently, when Low Mass was celebrated in t h e College Chapel by t h e Right Rev. Bishop H. Va l to r t a .

I t was in November , in t he year 1875, t h a t a band of seven Christian Bro the r s of St . John Bapt is t de la Salle first set foot in Hongkong. On t h e following day a school was opened, and the success t h a t followed t h e enterprise was so g rea t t h a t to-day t h e Christian Brothers have two of the most flourshing schools ex is t ing in t h e Colony, namely, St. Joseph 's College, a t Kennedy Road, and La Salle College in Kowloon.

The Director of t h e former College is t h e Rev. B r o t h e r Mat thias , while t h e Director of La Salle is the Rev. Bro ther Aimar , who from 1923 unt i l his appo in tment to t h a t school was Director of St. Joseph's College.

As a m a t t e r of historical interest it may be well to s t a t e t ha t in September 1860 t h e first Catholic School for European boys was opened in a very small house in S t aun ton St ree t wi th two teachers . ^Gradually these two schools—that and a gi r ls ' school—developed themselves and in t i m e became, the la t ter , t h e l a r^e and import an t I tal ian Convent in Caine Road ; t h e former , first, St. Saviour 's College, and, later , t h e present St . Joseph ' s College. Brothe r Hidulphe was t h e first director of t h e College.

The foundation s tone of the former St. Joseph 's College in Robinson Road was laid on November 3, 1881, by t h e then Governor of Hongkong, Sir John Pope Hen-nessy.

Damage by E a r t h q u a k e . An ea r thquake in 1918 damaged

the College building. T h e main walls of t h e annexes were badly cracked, and it was considered un

safe t o remain in occupation of thei building. The outbreak of t h e World W a r in 1914 had brought about a slump in land values in t he Colony and t h e r e were m a n y vacant houses. T h e r a r e opportuni ty t h u s presented itself for t h e acquisition of t h e extensive proper ty in Kennedy Road, t h e former German Club. This happened during an early s t age of Brother Aimar ' s adminis t ra t ion . Thanks to Bro ther A imar ' s unflinching courage and determinat ion t o face all financial difficulties, and to t he aid gran ted by t h e Government, t he occupation of t h e present fine, spacious building near t h e Peak Tramway lower t e rminus became possible.

Standing wi th only 70 boys in 1875, St. Joseph ' s College has an. enrolment to-day of over 800.

In t h e forefront of progress , St. Joseph 's led t h e way in t h e Boy Scouts ' movement in Hongkong and a College Troop was formed in October. 1913/ St . Joseph ' s College Troop has t he dist inction of being t h e "1st Hongkong Troop of Baden Powell Boy Scouts ."

The Golden Jubi lee of the College was celebrated on May 17, 1926, when t h e Hon. Mr. J . P . Braga , a former pupil, gave an address of g rea t his tor ical in teres t .

When the call for volunteers was made a t t he ou tb reak of the Grea t War , pas t pupils of St . Joseph 's College were not found want ing. Some joined up wi th t h e first cont ingent from H o n g k o n g ; o thers la ter . Mr. F . M. Soares made t h e supreme sacrifice.

In t h e field of l i te ra ture , St . Jbsephians have had much success. Mr. C. A. Montal to de Jesus by his book "Historic Macau" carved his name in t he niche of fame. Besides several pamphle ts , Mr. Montalto has published a book on t h e h is tory of Shanghai . H e accompanied t h e Por tuguese Delegation to t h e Washington Conference and to The Hague .

FR. E. L E L I E V R E A N D THE L I T T L E SISTERS O F T H E POOR. (Continued from page 6)

Thus the new comers, even t h e most refractory, a r e soon won over by patience and kindness , and comply wi th the regula t ions of t h e house ? A few quiet words , a little encouragement, some small confidential office or occupation a re powerful s t imulan ts in t h i s government of char i ty , ma te rna l and firm. Besides, t h e generosi ty of the Sis ters , t h e example of their life of sacrifice, gives t h e m an ir-resistable moral a u t h o r i t y over the inmates , who see and feel t he constant service of devotion and love t h a t is rendered towards them. A change is insensibly wrought "and ge ts s t ronger by degrees and the resul ts a re very consoling. Of course, the re a re exceptions, bu t these a re rare .

In one of t h e n o r t h e r n countries ^n old woman was admi t ted who was very fond of whisky . Two Little Sis ters had gone to t ake her from a wretched hovel which she called " P u r g a t o r y ! " F o r two or three months , in order gradually to break t h e habi t , she got every day a " toddv," t h a t is, mix ture of

; whisky, water and sugar . This | di luted stuff did not sui t her, she

would have prefer red it neat, and used to say, " I cannot even t a s t e i t ." After a while she got accustomed to it, and seemed to care for nothing else. Many a t t empt s had been made to induce her to give it up, but all to no purpose. E m b e r days c a m e : when the Good Mother was going round, th is old woman called her , and said in a whisper, for she was shy of let t ing t h e others know she had whisky, "I haven ' t had m y toddy." The Good Mother took her opportuni ty and sa id :

"But don't you know this is a fast day ? Won' t you give up your toddy for God's s a k e ? " After a moment ' s reflection the old woman answered :

"Yes, if it is be t ter , I will not t ake i t ." She was encouraged, but it was not expected t ha t he r resolution would last beyond t h e one day. The nex t morning she said to the Li t t le S i s t e r :

" I won't t ake it any more, for the love of God."

Great celebrations, honoured by P I : encyclical le t te r of Pope Benedict XV, marked in 1921 the s ix th centenary of t h e pass ing of t h e grea t Florent ine poet, whose immorta l "Commedia," t h e g rea t e s t epic ever conceived by h u m a n mind, remains a book always open to us , for in i t Dan te re la tes t h e way of the fallen m a n to God. We find in it t h e h i s to ry of our own l ife: our pas t t r ansgress ions and the i r b i t t e r f rui t , t h e a rduous s t ruggle of moun t ing t h e hill of purification and t h e marvel lous joy of confession when t h e w a t e r s of Eunoe wash clean both foul s ta ins and evil memor i e s ; for a s t h e Holy F a t h e r s ays in conclu-

| sion of his encyclical: Dan te did not | propose any end to h i s poem bu t

ra is ing mortal man from t h e s t a t e of misery i.e., sin, and leading h im to t h e s t a t e of felicity,

j which is Divine Grace. The reading of Dan te ' s immor ta l

works must necessari ly be preceded by a s tudy of conditions pre vailing in Europe a t the t i m e

, when h e was born, i.e., t he second | half of the 13th. century . The I long quarrels t h a t t h e Emperor s j | had waged aga ins t t h e Papacy i i had j u s t t e rmina ted . Freder ick | j I I had died in 1250, hav ing gained J I some signal victories t h a t made | j h is re ign famous, bu t in the end I he had failed like h is g r a n d - f a t h e r ; | t h e Papacy, victorious in all j a t t acks , and freed f rom the yoke

of feudalism will now apply t h e policy outlined by Popes St . Gregory VII and Innocent i n . The Popes of Rome a r e hencefor th to be t he g r e a t e r sovereigns in Europe for several centur ies , no t indeed in mi l i tary s t r eng th , b u t in influence and in mora l power ; while t h e Empi re wi th i t s glorious pas t and all i t s pretensions, had sunk to a mere t i t le and theory . St Louis, y^ho likes t o be called God's Sergeant , re igns in F rance and he remains in h is tory t h e ideal Chris t ian monarch . Devoted to t h e in teres ts of t h e Church, t h e protector of t h e Bishops and clerics, loyal and respectful to t h e Holy See, his only ambit ion is t o

j establish his government on t h e j bases of jus t ice and t r u t h ; t h e | universal confidence of his people I in his charac te r has , to a g r e a t r

j ex tent , suppressed pr iva te w a r ; th roughout his dominions. A t I this t ime, the saint ly monarch is I p lanning a new expedit ion aga ins t j t h e T u r k s to t r y once more to re -i cover from them t h e Holy L a n d ;

it will be the e ighth and last of these vas t enterpr ises of Chr is t ian chivalry. This religious movement , which for a cen tu ry and a half carried away Chr is t ian Europe towards Asia resulted in advantages which m u s t not be fo rgo t ten : the Mohommedan invaders were put back two or t h r e e centuries, science and a r t s , notably Geography and Navigat ion, recei-veo1 a great s t i m u l u s ; the enfranchisement of t h e serfs produced wi th solicitude prudence ; so many i t ems of progress jus t i fy ing Joseph Mais t re ' s verdict on these dis tant expedi t ions: "None succeeded, ye t all were sucessful." On the o ther hand, they brought t he Occidentals

in contact wi th t h e Saracen and Byzant ine worlds, both equally corrupt t hough brilliant and seducing, and t h u s caused t h e Chr is t ian kn igh t s t o lose t h e simplicity of t he i r fai th and of the i r mora ls . As George B. Adams r emarks , "The Crusades a r e typically medieval in t h e causes which b rough t t h e m about , bu t in t h e r e su l t s which followed from them, they began the t ransformat ion of t h e medieval in to t h e modern."*

Nowhere did these good and bad resu l t s of t h e Crusades appea r be t t e r t h a n in I taly, a t t he close of t h e 13th. cen tury . A considerable number of nobles had per ished, and as m a n y were ru ined; t he bu rghe r s of t h e g rea t cities of t he Peninsula had ammassed large for tunes and wished to procure political power. In Florence they were s t rong enough to exclude all nobles from public office: in 1293, t hey decreed t h a t only those who were inscribed in one of t h e popular gui lds would obtain^ municipal offices, and in 1295 w e * ' see Dante enrolled in t h e guild of physicians a n d apothecar ies to which the booksellers, t h e a r t i s t s and the men of learning also belonged . Commerce had acquired considerable development, and by 1250 a regular cycle of t r ade had been es tabl ished: Venetian sh ips carr ied suga r to London, whence Engl ish wool was shipped to F landers , to be exchanged the re for cloth, which was dis t r ibuted along t h e line of rou te to t h e Levant , where new cargoes of E a s t e r n commodities were obtained for t h e r e t u r n voyage ; needless to say, t h e bulk of t h e profit in all t hese exchanges remained wi th t h e Venet ians , and th i s accounts for the i r rapid g rowth in w e a l t h ; and here let us note with F r . Engels t h a t "The merchant w a s t h e revolut ionary agerit in t h e middle ages . " New needs had to be satisfied, t h e use of money spread in t h e masses , t h e Lombard Jews opened banking agencies in t h e principal commercial ci t ies of Europe.

(To be continued)

* George B. tory p. 209.

Adams: European His-

was and real

de

"How is t h a t ? " "Oh I have t h o u g h t it over, and

said to myself: W h a t is t he use of being in a convent if we won ' t make sacrifices?" She was fa i thful to her resolut ion; and these a re t h e rewards valued by t h e Lit t le Sis ters .

N E W CATHOLIC COLLEGE I N T H E GOLD COAST W I L L O P E N

N E X T J A N U A R Y . Amisano (Gold Coast, Br i t i sh

Wes t Afr ica) .—St . Augus t ine ' s College, Cape Coast, a Catholic Secondary School and Tra in ing College, will be opened in J a n u a r y 1936. The school is a jo int undert ak ing of t h e t h r e e Catholic mis s ionary te r r i to r ies of the Gold Coast and occupies a 230-acre t r a c t of land near t h e sea gran ted by the Nat ive au thor i t ies .

The Secondary School will be organised on modern lines and is intended to give a sound moral and intellectual t r a in ing according to t he best Catholic t radi t ions , and ul t imately to p repare boys for t he public examinat ions of t h e Cambridge Univers i ty Local Examina t ions ' Syndicate, London Matr iculation and t h e Civil Service. T h e depar tmen t is open to all boys irrespective of creed.

The Teacher -Tra in ing Depar t men t will admi t only Catholic boys of VII S t anda rd or Jun io r Cambr idge . The normal course is four years .

Work has been proceeding on t h i s college for t h e last ten m o n t h s . The corner stone w a s laid by Sir Arnold W. Hodson, Governor of t h e Gold Coas t . (Fides.)

MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 23rd N O V E M B E R , 1935.

Woman's Page EVERY MOTHER IS A

TEACHER. 4 & MAN MAKETH MANNERS. BUT

WOMAN MAKETH MORALS" A W O M E N w h e t h e r mother ,

wife , or d a u g h t e r should b e queen in h e r home . Her p resence should insp i re a certain chiva l rous homage a n d respect which cannot fail t o e levate unconsciously t h e men w h o render i t . H e r influence m a y be subt le , and is ce r ta in ly silent, h u t i t can be i r res is t ib le .

Motherhood is a h i g h calling, a holy service, b u t a lso a difficult t a s k a n d full of responsibi l i ty . Beaut i fu l a n d difficult i s t h e calling

of t h e a r t i s t who s h a p e s a figure f rom marb l e o r wood. Much t a l e n t i s needed, m a n y t a p s of t h e h a m m e r a r e necessa ry . Y e t more beaut i fu l and m o r e difficult is a

I 1 ' WEOTER 'I^N'SNOW. ' 1 F{ hat is whiter than snow?" Iasked +

one day t "What is whiter than snow?" I

L and grey, t [ His heart gave shelter to many a care, • •wA soul wibtout stain of sin" he said, I I And his noble life was a long sweet J • prayer. t [Of a poor old priest who was bent*

He raised bis head: 4 PfA soul without stain of sin" he said, t

m o t h e r ' s calling. H e r own a s well a s h e r child 's happ ines s for t ime a n d e t e r n i t y depend on t h e fai thful fulfilment of t h i s t a s k . I t is a Mothe r ' s du ty t o fos t e r all t h e v i r t ue s t h e child h a s received from God a t bap t i sm—fa i th , hope and charity—no less t h a n t h e beautiful n a t u r a l g i f t s he h a s received.

E v e r y m o t h e r i s a t eache r , and every child is l ike a flower t h a t t u r n s t o t h e l i gh t . T h e King ' s sub l ime gif t to h i s l i t t l e subjec t— holy f a i th—implan ted in h i s soul w i t h t h e g r a c e of bapt ism, opera tes , and, like t h e seed in t h e e a r t h , i t s t rugg les o u t into t h e l igh t , t h e l ight of i t s mo the r ' s t e ach ing . I t is t h e m o t h e r chiefly ^ S o ^ t e n d s th i s g i f t t h a t i t m a y blossom for th . . She is t h e lawful t e a c h e r of he r child, and accompl ishes h e r t a s k by p r a y e r and ins t ruc t ion . God gives eêry m o t h e r t h e t a l en t t o teach, and w h e n a mo the r uses t h i s ta lent n igh t ly , she opens t h e ga tes of Heaven to he r child, a n d invites t h e Ange l s t o be h i s playfellows.

Ins t ruc t ion and p r a y e r a r e a m o n g t h e mos t beaut i ful r i g h t s of a mother . I t . h a s even been said t h a t a m o t h e r holds t h e office of bo th pr ies t a n d educator . T h e m o t h e r who neglects t h i s duty , robs he r child of h i s nobility of soul, ex t inguishes t h e sun in his H e a v e n ; sends h im fo r th or t h e open sea of t h e world, wi thout oar or sail , t o cer ta in shipwreck.

Since then, t h e m o s t necessary e l emen t in a chi ld ' s education is a sound knowledge of h i s relig.'on, h e m u s t be t a u g h t f rom babyhood d a y s t o reverence a n d esteem all t h a t touches rel igion. Deprive t n e chi ld of th is knowledge , rob h i m of t h i s reverence for religion, and h i s educat ion will be robbed o* t h e v e r y principle t h a t should govern a n d d i rec t it . M o t h e r s , he re is an

i l lus t ra t ion in point . * Some years ago a j udge of t h e Supreme Court of Victoria s t a t ed t h a t a child w h o h a d been in a Board School for four y e a r s knew absolutely no th ing abou t God. W h e n asked, "Did you ever h e a r of C h r i s t ? " t h e answer w a s " W h o is H e ? I never before h e a r d His n a m e . "

If mothers g row careless in p rayer , indifferent in f a i th t h e y m i g h t as well a t t e m p t t o set an icicle afire as expect t h e i r children t o be imbued w i t h an a rden t love of God while t hey r ema in cold or indifferent. He re is a n o t h e r i l lustra

t ion in po in t : One day, a t noon, in a g rea t

manufac tu r ing town, t h e schools j u s t closed, a child came and knocked a t t h e door of the presbyt e r y . " I 'd l ike t o go t o confession, F a t h e r , " he said to t h e priest . "Confession n o w ? w h y a t th i s hou r m y ch i ld?" "Because I am now in t h e F r e e School, F a t h e r . My p a r e n t s removed m e from the Catholic school when they g rew indifferent t o Holy Religion, and now they do no t allow m e to go to Church any m o r e . "

Af t e r confession t h e boy l ingered hes i ta t ing . T h e n h e asked t h e p r ies t t o please g ive h i m holy Communion . "Bu t , m y child, to r e ceive Holy Communion, you m u s t be fas t ing ."

"Al though i t is now noon, F a t h e r , I have no t ea t en a n y t h i n g because I wan t ed Holy Communion v e r y badly. W h e n m y m o t h e r served b reak fas t I p re tended t o

* t a k e it, bu t w h e n she left t h e room I poured the coffee back into t h e pot , and he re F a t h e r i s t h e bread a n d b u t t e r wh ich m y mo the r supposed I would ea t on my w a y t o school. I h a v e no t touched even t h e t in ies t d rop of wa te r . Can you give m e J e s u s in Holy Communion F a t h e r 1 so w a n t H i m . "

Deeply moved, t h e holy pr ies t g a v e t h e boy Holy C o m m u n i o n . . . God sometimes t a k e s up the t a s k of t h e neglectful mother , and fos ters t he v i r t ue s t h e child h a s received at bap t i sm, b u t how long can children r ema in faithful if p a r e n t s s t a r v e t h e i r souls and ignore t he glorious t a s k cf tending God's garden, of fos te r ing all t h a t is good in t h e i r l i t t le cnes, and uproot ing t h e weeds, t h e inclinat ion to evils?

Every child

needs milk

every day

"MILKMAID" MILK

HOW TO P R E P A R E FOR M A R R I A G E .

" I J O W should Catholics prepare for M a r r i a g e ? " asked the

professor of catechism. "By the Sacrament of E x t r e m e Unction," answered t h e wise little girl . Tha t is the p rox ima te preparat ion. Few need p rox ima te preparat ion, bu t all who expect to m a r r y need to be concerned about t h e remote preparat ion. The following suggest ions under th i s head a re intended to be helpful :

1. If possible keep your head.—

Insan i ty and bl indness a r e na tu ra l concomitants of love ; but, if possible, keep your head .

2. Lead a clean l i fe .—That is a lways possible. T h e g r e a t aids t o i t a r e :

(a) Clean ideals, t h e Blessed Virgin for womanhood, S t . Joseph for manhood .

(6) Clean companionship , dicta ted by decent self-respect ;

(c) The pr ivate vow of chas t i ty , made wi th y o u r confessor 's permiss ion;

(d) Arden t a t t a c h m e n t to t h e sac rament s and prayer .

3 . Learn f ruga l i ty .—The gir l who h a s been won b y expensive p r e s e n t s is not w o r t h winning. Le t h e r love you for yourself. If jôu spoil her now you will have t o p a y t h e bills l a t e r on. E a r l y m a r r i a g e is nea r ly a lwavs to be prefer red , and b r i n g s accommodat ion of cha rac te r d u r i n g t h e pliable y e a r s ; and f ruga l i t y is usually essent ia l to ear ly m a r r i a g e .

4. Seek counsel .—Your pa ren t s J m a y be p r e t t y old fashioned in your eyes, bu t t h e y know heaps more t h a n you do abou t marr iage-And t h e pr iest knows plenty about w h a t wrecks m a r r i a g e . Those w h o don ' t consul t h im before m a r r i a g e are mos t likely to J o so a f t e r it is too la te .

5. Never confuse ei ther infa tua t ion or lust w i th love—Love implies reverence. A girl w h o does not command y o u r respect is not wor thy of you. Your own self-respect d e m a n d s t h a t you s h u n such company ; and if you a r e lacking in self-respect, you a re doomed to l e a m by b i t t e r experience t h a t lust is a usure r who sucks blood even to t h e gra$e.

6. T r y out he r cooking.—What is t h e favouri te topic of conversa-

I t ion a t school? Food, wi thout a I doubt . I t ou td is tances athlet ics ,

religion, philosophy, girls , everyth ing . She m a y never have to soil he r hands wi th d i sh-water ; bu t if she doesn' t you will. There ' ' ! come a t i m e ! Don ' t wait until a f te r mar r iage to domest icate her . If she doesn't know how to run a home you won't h a v e a home.

An alumnus, whose son was a member of a recent g radua t ing class, gave t he following advice in t h e Alumni S u r v e y :

"Advise Catholic boys to m a r r y Catholic girls. I a m a convert . I mar r ied a Bap t i s t who gave me all t he r ights over my children. She never in ter fered in my religion, and a lways reminded me of my Communion Sunday . She became a wonderful Catholic and is a wonderful woman. But with all my good luck along th i s line I say, 'Catholics m a r r y Catholics. ' In

R E C I P E S . To Boil Cauliflower.

Cut off t h e s t u m p and withered l eaves ; wash in cold salt and w a t e r ; place i t head downwards in a saucepan of boiling water , with a tablespoonful of sa l t . Boil from t w e n t y minu te s to half an hour. When t h e cent re of t h e stalk feels t ender i t is done.

To Bake Po ta toes . Baked po ta toes , wi th the skin

on, should be chosen a large size ( R e g e n t s ) , placed in a r a the r hot oven, and so t h a t t hey do not t o u c h ; or, if in a du tch or American oven before t h e fire, they should be t u rned o f t en ; they will t a k e about one hour . If without t h e i r skins , t h e y should be done i n

j a pan wi th fa t , t u r n i n g them occasionally.

To Brown P o t a t o e s under Meat. Boil some fine l a rge mealy pota

toes, t a k e off t h e skins carefully, and, about an hou r before the meat is cooked, pu t t h e m into the dripping-pan, h a v i n g well dredged t h e m wi th floor. Before serving, dra in t hem from a n y grease, and serve t h e m ho t .

To Boil Po ta toes . W a s h and peel t h e potatoes very

th in ly , and aga in w a s h them well. P u t t hem into a saucepan with a l i t t le salt , cover t h e m with cold water , and let t h e m boil gently till t h e y a re t e n d e r ; t h e n drain away t h e wa te r , pu t t h e saucepan, with t h e pota toes in, back on the fire for about a m i n u t e to dry, then, wi th t h e lid on, g ive t h e m one or two good shakes . The potatoes should then look whi te and floury.

Al te rna t ive Method.—Choose t h e pota toes as near ly one size as possible, pare t h e m thinly, place t h e m in a saucepan and barely, cover with cold wa te r . Place the pan on t h e fire, and when the water boils, add the sal t , boil very quickly for seven minu tes . Pour away every drop of wa te r , place the pan by t h e side of t h e fire, closely cover it, s h a k e t h e pan frequently. At t h e end of t en m i n u t e s uncover the pan for one m i n u t e t o throw off t he s team.

To S t e a m Pota toes . Choose pota toes as near one size

as possible; wash and scrub t hem; peel them very th in ly . Place them in a s t eamer over a saucepan of boiling water , and sprinkle them wi th salt . P u t on the lid, and let t hem s team for half an hour. Try t hem with a fork, and if they feel t ender they a r e done. Old potatoes only can be s teamed.

t h e pas t 20 yea r s I have seen too m a n y cases where good Catholics mar r i ed good P r o t e s t a n t s and now ne i the r has any religion."

9

SPANISH CATHOLICS FIRM IN STAND FOR NEW CONSTITUTION GIL ROBLES REPEATS DEMAND THAT ANTI-RELIGIOUS LAWS BE REPEALED

(By Rev. Mannuel Grana)

Madrid.—"If t h e p resen t Cortes does not wan t revision of t h e Consti tution, we shall m a k e i t s life impossible so t h a t i t will be dissolved." Wi th t h e s e words, Gil Robles addressed some 20,000 men assembled in t h e Campo de San ta Isabel a t Compostela, in a to r rential ra in which had prevented t h e a t tendance of some 30,000 o thers . Their en thus iasm for and loyalty to the i r leader was well demonst ra ted by t h e i r d i s regard for personal inconvenience caused by t h e heavy ra ins .

The open a i r Mass had to be abandoned but , drenched wi th ra in , they made t h e i r way to t h e famous Basilica which m a r k s t h e tomb of the Apostle St . J ames , and t h e r e heard Mass devoutly.

In his address Gil Robles clearly set for th t h e political and religious position and p rog ramme of t h e CEDA, t h e p a r t y t h a t h e heads . He stressed two po in t s : first, t h e revision of those art icles of t h e Republican Const i tut ion which ignore the r i g h t s of t he Church and t h e sen t iments and in te res t s of Catholics, which m u s t be acted upon immediately by the C o r t e s ; and second, t h e preservat ion of t h e Const i tut ion as Republican a s heretofore.

Fidel i ty To Ler roux . At Salamanca a sho r t t imo ago

sincere loyal ty was proclaimed to the CEDA and the Radical P a r t y of Lerroux, t h e leaders of which agree on revision and, when t h e moment a r r ives , each will defend their own viewpoints. In t h e face of t he insidious suspicions of t he Leftists and t h e accusat ions launched aga ins t Ler roux , who has been a Republican t h roughou t his life, t h e Radical leader h a s repeat edly acclaimed the fidelity of Gil Robles t o t h e Republic. In political affairs, Gil Robles h a s worked and is work ing to consolidate t h e Republican regime t h e same a s is Lerroux.

Wha t Gil Robles h a s never done, and can never do, is t o make use of those bois terous declarat ions of ostentat ious Republicanism which the Lef t i s t s demand a s t h e pr inciple of t h e Government . Besides he has wi th in his p a r t y m a n y Catholics who were offended by the sectarianism, if not of t h e IRe-public, of t h e Republicans who brought i t about , and t h e y a r e exceedingly annoyed when t h e C E D A makes a n y boast of t h a t Republicanism which they held responsible for t he persecution of t h e Church and the declaration of t h e a theis t ic State.

Gil Robles seeks t h e prosper i ty and peace of t h e count ry and seeks to accommodate t h e p resen t regimen to Chr i s t i an principles. This cannot be accomplished overnight , but will r equ i re years . Therefore, he is work ing with t h e Radicals and, while he recognizes t h a t t h e Rupublic h a s exceeded i ts r i gh t s in the past , h e seeks to place t h e Republican form of government in accord wi th t h e Catholic sen t iment of the nat ion.

This c i rcumstant ia l and tact ical

alliance of Gil Robles wi th Ler roux h a s caused some defection in the CEDA ranks . There is a lways impatience, and some heads t rong men, apparent ly , do not comprehend t h e inevitable delay before realization. These a r e t h e ones who criticize Gil Robles and question t h e genuineness of h is Catholic i ty and his political conduct.

Six Catholics In Cabinet . On t h e o ther hand, every th ing

t h a t Catholics have gained in the last two years is due to t h e influence of CEDA and those Catholics who have t ru ly and sincerely accepted the Republican regime. There a re six Catholics in the Cabinet and wi th th i s number of Minis ters present , t h e Government na tura l ly proceeds wi th t h e grea t est discretion in t h e application of laws t h a t migh t be con t ra ry to the Chr is t ian spiri t . Wi th those groups t h a t have unloosed r e v o l u t ion in Spain, Gil Robles will have "ne i the r contact nor any compromise ."

Since there h a s been much talk of the monarchism or t h e republicanism of Gil Robles and the CEDA, it is w o r t h s t a t i ng t h a t t h e r e is no t h o u g h t of touching the reg ime in t he r a n k s of t he CEDA, not even among those who profess t o be monarchis t s . F u r t h e r m o r e , Gil Robles ha s re i t e ra ted t h a t he will support t h e regime aga ins t a n y a t tempted revolution and i t is for t h a t reason t h a t he accepted, t h e post of Minis ter of War . Nor would t he Pres ident of t h e Republic have allowed h im to hold t h i s post in the Government wi thout due guaran t ies .

Nei ther in t he p rog ramme of the CEDA, nor in t h e declarat ions of it?, leaders, is a n y monarch ism to be found. I t s Ministers have assumed their dut ies as pa r t of the Government of t h e Republic wi th absolute loyalty. Gil Robles, as Minister of War , main ta ins in t h e A r m y t h a t fidelity which is due t h e const i tuted au thor i ty now governing Spain. He has solemnly declared to the Chief of Staff and h is subordinates, and t h e ent i re nat ion knows th i s , t h a t he h a s had no intention of p u t t i n g himself a t t h e head of t h e A r m y so a s to "deal a blow a t t h e S t a t e ; nor h a s such a thought entered my mind ; nor would the A r m y permi t me to do such a th ing . "

In vain the Lef t i s t s accuse Gil Robles of "veiled monarchical leanings ." Al though he h a s not been given to manifes ta t ions of boastful republicanism, his political conduct, and t h a t of h is associates, ha s won t h e repeatedly expressed commendation of Ler roux and the confidence of t h e Pres ident of t he Republic. The collaboration of Gil Robles h ^ caused g r e a t bodies of Catholics to renounce t h e i r monarchical tendencies and to support the Republican regime.

But t h e Republic is one th ing , and the Republican Const i tut ion is qu i te another m a t t e r . In t h e amendments proposal, a l ready submi t ted to t he Cortes , t h e form of government does not figure., The

AMERICAN VINCENTIAN FATHERS RESUME MISSIONARY ACTIVITY I N KIANGSL

Yukiang (Kiangsi , China) .— T h a n k s to t he effective measures t aken by t h e Government against t h e Communists , ser ious missiona r y work is again possible af ter an in terrupt ion of almost ten y e a r s in t h e Vicar ia te of Yukiang, a mission en t rus ted t o t h e American Vincentian F a t h e r s . The pr ies ts , who have been engaged temporar i ly in o the r pa r t s of China, a r e r e t u rn ing to the i r mission, and four new missionaries, member s of t h e S t . Louis Province of t h e Vincent ians , will arr ive ear ly in November.

Six Sis ters of Char i ty , who a re en rou te to t h i s mission, have reached Shanghai . They will open a d ispensary and a n orphanage a t Poyang . (Fides.)

immense major i ty of Catholics unders tand tha t , for t h e present a t least , nothing can be done about t h i s ma t t e r , and t h e more enlightened groups hold t h a t there j s no need for it .

Seek New Consti tut ion. On t h e other hand, everyone is

convinced tha t i t is essentia] t h a t t h e Consti tut ion be Christianized and it is very likely t h a t in t h e nex t elections t h e Right is ts—including the Monarchis ts and Tradit ional is ts , a t t h e moment aloof to t h e CEDA and in opposition to Gil Robles—will be uni ted.

"We a r e disposed to have t h e revision taken up immediately," Gi! Robles said a t Compestela. However, due precisely to dissension in t h e r a n k s of t h e Right i s t s , t h e moment of revision is not so cer ta in . F i rs t , a l though t h e municipal elections h a v e been ordered, t h e law governing them has not been issued, bu t t h e municipal assemblies will indicate t he pulse of t h e nat ion and will influence t he amending of t h e Constitution. Ano the r fact t h a t m u s t be taken into consideration is t h a t those in au tho r i t y hes i ta te to launch the count ry upon a Const i tut ional cont roversy t h a t could lead to a real civil war . The revolution has been controlled but not extinguished. I t s leaders a re a r m e d wi th g rea te r rancour . The amnes t ies and in-dults , conceded for political reasons, have resul ted in grea ter t emer i ty among t h e rebels. I t is also feared t h a t t h e Radicals, once r id of t h e r e s t r a i n t and without t h e bridle t h a t now holds them, might r e t u r n to t h e i r former secta r ian i sm, to t h e i r frankly ant i -Catholic ideology now held in check by the p ressure of the CEDA.

In any event t h e r e is one point t h a t d raws all Catholics toge ther : t h e new Consti tut ion. One does not ta lk of revision but r a the r of a new Const i tut ion. Pe rhaps such expressions should be corrected.

The address a t Compostela has been subjected to wide criticism and pressure has been brought upon Gil Robles to have h im amend cer ta in phrases . Prudence is impera t ive , par t icular ly since hopes foi* t h e fu ture res t upon his par ty .

A n in te res t ing fea ture of the Compostela meet ing was t h a t for t h e first t ime representa t ives of g roups of t h e CEDA organized in Lat in-American countr ies were present . (N.C.W.C.)

MILL HILL FATHERS WILL OBSERVE DIAMOND JUBILEE OF THEIR TELUGU MISSION.

Nellore ( Ind ia ) .—The Mill Hill F a t h e r s of t h e Diocese of Nellore will celebrate December 7 t h e 60th ann ive r sa ry of t h e i r mission in t h e Telugu Dis t r ic t . In 1875 t h e mis sion, t h e n a p a r t of t he Archdiocese of Madras , h a d 8,000 Catholics in the s a m e dis t r ic t .

The t e r r i t o r y covered an a rea of 37,945 squa re miles, and t h e Catholics, who were descendants of t h e conver ts m a d e by t h e F r ench J e su i t s w h o founded t h e Carna t ic Mission in 1701, were living in 100 different villages. The spir i tual care of t h e people was under two pr ies t s who lived 200 miles a p a r t . T h e r e were no schools, hospi tals or o the r char i table ins t i tu t ions . The re was only one chapel, and t h a t was badly in need of repair . T h e r e were a dozen catechis ts in t h e mission.

Since 1875 t h e Mill Hill Society has sent 109 p r i e s t s t o t h i s reg ion ; of these 41 a re still in act ive service. T h e r e a r e alô 21 Indian pr ies ts a t work here . Churches have been erected in mos t of t h e 28 mission centres , and numerous village chapels have been es tablished.

Wi th t h e ass is tance of t h e Indian Sis te rs of St . F ranc i s of Assisi and of t h e Du tch Sis ters of Jesus , M a r y and Joseph, 126 elem e n t a r y schools h a v e been s tar ted , a s well a s one middle school, two h igh schools, t h r e e e lementary training-schools and one secondary training-school. A Catechist-t r a in ing school h a s also been founded. The Dutch Sis ters have t h r e e hospi tals and dispensaries w i th a year ly a v e r a g e of 7,000 inpa t i en t s and 275,000 out-pat ients . These ins t i tu t ions have several t imes received tangible expressions of appreciat ion f rom t h e Hindu public.

The re is a minor seminary wi th 58 s tuaen t s and a major seminary wi th 48 s tuden ts . Sixteen Indian pr ies ts have been t r a ined a t th i s l a t t e r seminary, four of whom were for o ther dioceses. A pr int ing es tabl ishment h a s been set up, mak ing possible t h e publication of a large n u m b e r of religious books in Telugu.

A s t rong mass movement of conversions h a s been developing in t h i s mission in recent years , mostly a m o n g t h e Depressed Classes; since 1928, 12,000 persons have been received in to t h e Church.

In 1928 t h e Telugu mission was erected in to a s epa ra t e te r r i to ry , called t h e Diocese of Nellore, and t h e Most Rev. Will iam Bou te r was elected first Bishop. I t i s t h e oldest ex is t ing mission of t h e Mill Hill Society. (Fides.)

YOUNG LADIES KONG FOUND A

OF HONG CATHOLIC

ACTION ASSOCIATION.

Hong Kong.—The Chinese young women of t h e Canoss ian Convent here , w h e r e m o r e t h a n a thousand gi r ls of eve ry class of society are educated and w h e r e some find a home, h a v e formed t h e i r own Catholic Act ion Circle. The members devote themse lves principally t o a iding and ins t ruc t ing the poor and t h e sick. [Lumen-Fides . ]

MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 23rd N O V E M B E R , 1935.

Woman's Page EVERY MOTHER IS A

TEACHER. 4 & MAN MAKETH MANNERS. BUT

WOMAN MAKETH MORALS" A W O M E N w h e t h e r mother ,

wife , or d a u g h t e r should b e queen in h e r home . Her p resence should insp i re a certain chiva l rous homage a n d respect which cannot fail t o e levate unconsciously t h e men w h o render i t . H e r influence m a y be subt le , and is ce r ta in ly silent, h u t i t can be i r res is t ib le .

Motherhood is a h i g h calling, a holy service, b u t a lso a difficult t a s k a n d full of responsibi l i ty . Beaut i fu l a n d difficult i s t h e calling

of t h e a r t i s t who s h a p e s a figure f rom marb l e o r wood. Much t a l e n t i s needed, m a n y t a p s of t h e h a m m e r a r e necessa ry . Y e t more beaut i fu l and m o r e difficult is a

I 1 ' WEOTER 'I^N'SNOW. ' 1 F{ hat is whiter than snow?" Iasked +

one day t "What is whiter than snow?" I

L and grey, t [ His heart gave shelter to many a care, • •wA soul wibtout stain of sin" he said, I I And his noble life was a long sweet J • prayer. t [Of a poor old priest who was bent*

He raised bis head: 4 PfA soul without stain of sin" he said, t

m o t h e r ' s calling. H e r own a s well a s h e r child 's happ ines s for t ime a n d e t e r n i t y depend on t h e fai thful fulfilment of t h i s t a s k . I t is a Mothe r ' s du ty t o fos t e r all t h e v i r t ue s t h e child h a s received from God a t bap t i sm—fa i th , hope and charity—no less t h a n t h e beautiful n a t u r a l g i f t s he h a s received.

E v e r y m o t h e r i s a t eache r , and every child is l ike a flower t h a t t u r n s t o t h e l i gh t . T h e King ' s sub l ime gif t to h i s l i t t l e subjec t— holy f a i th—implan ted in h i s soul w i t h t h e g r a c e of bapt ism, opera tes , and, like t h e seed in t h e e a r t h , i t s t rugg les o u t into t h e l igh t , t h e l ight of i t s mo the r ' s t e ach ing . I t is t h e m o t h e r chiefly ^ S o ^ t e n d s th i s g i f t t h a t i t m a y blossom for th . . She is t h e lawful t e a c h e r of he r child, and accompl ishes h e r t a s k by p r a y e r and ins t ruc t ion . God gives eêry m o t h e r t h e t a l en t t o teach, and w h e n a mo the r uses t h i s ta lent n igh t ly , she opens t h e ga tes of Heaven to he r child, a n d invites t h e Ange l s t o be h i s playfellows.

Ins t ruc t ion and p r a y e r a r e a m o n g t h e mos t beaut i ful r i g h t s of a mother . I t . h a s even been said t h a t a m o t h e r holds t h e office of bo th pr ies t a n d educator . T h e m o t h e r who neglects t h i s duty , robs he r child of h i s nobility of soul, ex t inguishes t h e sun in his H e a v e n ; sends h im fo r th or t h e open sea of t h e world, wi thout oar or sail , t o cer ta in shipwreck.

Since then, t h e m o s t necessary e l emen t in a chi ld ' s education is a sound knowledge of h i s relig.'on, h e m u s t be t a u g h t f rom babyhood d a y s t o reverence a n d esteem all t h a t touches rel igion. Deprive t n e chi ld of th is knowledge , rob h i m of t h i s reverence for religion, and h i s educat ion will be robbed o* t h e v e r y principle t h a t should govern a n d d i rec t it . M o t h e r s , he re is an

i l lus t ra t ion in point . * Some years ago a j udge of t h e Supreme Court of Victoria s t a t ed t h a t a child w h o h a d been in a Board School for four y e a r s knew absolutely no th ing abou t God. W h e n asked, "Did you ever h e a r of C h r i s t ? " t h e answer w a s " W h o is H e ? I never before h e a r d His n a m e . "

If mothers g row careless in p rayer , indifferent in f a i th t h e y m i g h t as well a t t e m p t t o set an icicle afire as expect t h e i r children t o be imbued w i t h an a rden t love of God while t hey r ema in cold or indifferent. He re is a n o t h e r i l lustra

t ion in po in t : One day, a t noon, in a g rea t

manufac tu r ing town, t h e schools j u s t closed, a child came and knocked a t t h e door of the presbyt e r y . " I 'd l ike t o go t o confession, F a t h e r , " he said to t h e priest . "Confession n o w ? w h y a t th i s hou r m y ch i ld?" "Because I am now in t h e F r e e School, F a t h e r . My p a r e n t s removed m e from the Catholic school when they g rew indifferent t o Holy Religion, and now they do no t allow m e to go to Church any m o r e . "

Af t e r confession t h e boy l ingered hes i ta t ing . T h e n h e asked t h e p r ies t t o please g ive h i m holy Communion . "Bu t , m y child, to r e ceive Holy Communion, you m u s t be fas t ing ."

"Al though i t is now noon, F a t h e r , I have no t ea t en a n y t h i n g because I wan t ed Holy Communion v e r y badly. W h e n m y m o t h e r served b reak fas t I p re tended t o

* t a k e it, bu t w h e n she left t h e room I poured the coffee back into t h e pot , and he re F a t h e r i s t h e bread a n d b u t t e r wh ich m y mo the r supposed I would ea t on my w a y t o school. I h a v e no t touched even t h e t in ies t d rop of wa te r . Can you give m e J e s u s in Holy Communion F a t h e r 1 so w a n t H i m . "

Deeply moved, t h e holy pr ies t g a v e t h e boy Holy C o m m u n i o n . . . God sometimes t a k e s up the t a s k of t h e neglectful mother , and fos ters t he v i r t ue s t h e child h a s received at bap t i sm, b u t how long can children r ema in faithful if p a r e n t s s t a r v e t h e i r souls and ignore t he glorious t a s k cf tending God's garden, of fos te r ing all t h a t is good in t h e i r l i t t le cnes, and uproot ing t h e weeds, t h e inclinat ion to evils?

Every child

needs milk

every day

"MILKMAID" MILK

HOW TO P R E P A R E FOR M A R R I A G E .

" I J O W should Catholics prepare for M a r r i a g e ? " asked the

professor of catechism. "By the Sacrament of E x t r e m e Unction," answered t h e wise little girl . Tha t is the p rox ima te preparat ion. Few need p rox ima te preparat ion, bu t all who expect to m a r r y need to be concerned about t h e remote preparat ion. The following suggest ions under th i s head a re intended to be helpful :

1. If possible keep your head.—

Insan i ty and bl indness a r e na tu ra l concomitants of love ; but, if possible, keep your head .

2. Lead a clean l i fe .—That is a lways possible. T h e g r e a t aids t o i t a r e :

(a) Clean ideals, t h e Blessed Virgin for womanhood, S t . Joseph for manhood .

(6) Clean companionship , dicta ted by decent self-respect ;

(c) The pr ivate vow of chas t i ty , made wi th y o u r confessor 's permiss ion;

(d) Arden t a t t a c h m e n t to t h e sac rament s and prayer .

3 . Learn f ruga l i ty .—The gir l who h a s been won b y expensive p r e s e n t s is not w o r t h winning. Le t h e r love you for yourself. If jôu spoil her now you will have t o p a y t h e bills l a t e r on. E a r l y m a r r i a g e is nea r ly a lwavs to be prefer red , and b r i n g s accommodat ion of cha rac te r d u r i n g t h e pliable y e a r s ; and f ruga l i t y is usually essent ia l to ear ly m a r r i a g e .

4. Seek counsel .—Your pa ren t s J m a y be p r e t t y old fashioned in your eyes, bu t t h e y know heaps more t h a n you do abou t marr iage-And t h e pr iest knows plenty about w h a t wrecks m a r r i a g e . Those w h o don ' t consul t h im before m a r r i a g e are mos t likely to J o so a f t e r it is too la te .

5. Never confuse ei ther infa tua t ion or lust w i th love—Love implies reverence. A girl w h o does not command y o u r respect is not wor thy of you. Your own self-respect d e m a n d s t h a t you s h u n such company ; and if you a r e lacking in self-respect, you a re doomed to l e a m by b i t t e r experience t h a t lust is a usure r who sucks blood even to t h e gra$e.

6. T r y out he r cooking.—What is t h e favouri te topic of conversa-

I t ion a t school? Food, wi thout a I doubt . I t ou td is tances athlet ics ,

religion, philosophy, girls , everyth ing . She m a y never have to soil he r hands wi th d i sh-water ; bu t if she doesn' t you will. There ' ' ! come a t i m e ! Don ' t wait until a f te r mar r iage to domest icate her . If she doesn't know how to run a home you won't h a v e a home.

An alumnus, whose son was a member of a recent g radua t ing class, gave t he following advice in t h e Alumni S u r v e y :

"Advise Catholic boys to m a r r y Catholic girls. I a m a convert . I mar r ied a Bap t i s t who gave me all t he r ights over my children. She never in ter fered in my religion, and a lways reminded me of my Communion Sunday . She became a wonderful Catholic and is a wonderful woman. But with all my good luck along th i s line I say, 'Catholics m a r r y Catholics. ' In

R E C I P E S . To Boil Cauliflower.

Cut off t h e s t u m p and withered l eaves ; wash in cold salt and w a t e r ; place i t head downwards in a saucepan of boiling water , with a tablespoonful of sa l t . Boil from t w e n t y minu te s to half an hour. When t h e cent re of t h e stalk feels t ender i t is done.

To Bake Po ta toes . Baked po ta toes , wi th the skin

on, should be chosen a large size ( R e g e n t s ) , placed in a r a the r hot oven, and so t h a t t hey do not t o u c h ; or, if in a du tch or American oven before t h e fire, they should be t u rned o f t en ; they will t a k e about one hour . If without t h e i r skins , t h e y should be done i n

j a pan wi th fa t , t u r n i n g them occasionally.

To Brown P o t a t o e s under Meat. Boil some fine l a rge mealy pota

toes, t a k e off t h e skins carefully, and, about an hou r before the meat is cooked, pu t t h e m into the dripping-pan, h a v i n g well dredged t h e m wi th floor. Before serving, dra in t hem from a n y grease, and serve t h e m ho t .

To Boil Po ta toes . W a s h and peel t h e potatoes very

th in ly , and aga in w a s h them well. P u t t hem into a saucepan with a l i t t le salt , cover t h e m with cold water , and let t h e m boil gently till t h e y a re t e n d e r ; t h e n drain away t h e wa te r , pu t t h e saucepan, with t h e pota toes in, back on the fire for about a m i n u t e to dry, then, wi th t h e lid on, g ive t h e m one or two good shakes . The potatoes should then look whi te and floury.

Al te rna t ive Method.—Choose t h e pota toes as near ly one size as possible, pare t h e m thinly, place t h e m in a saucepan and barely, cover with cold wa te r . Place the pan on t h e fire, and when the water boils, add the sal t , boil very quickly for seven minu tes . Pour away every drop of wa te r , place the pan by t h e side of t h e fire, closely cover it, s h a k e t h e pan frequently. At t h e end of t en m i n u t e s uncover the pan for one m i n u t e t o throw off t he s team.

To S t e a m Pota toes . Choose pota toes as near one size

as possible; wash and scrub t hem; peel them very th in ly . Place them in a s t eamer over a saucepan of boiling water , and sprinkle them wi th salt . P u t on the lid, and let t hem s team for half an hour. Try t hem with a fork, and if they feel t ender they a r e done. Old potatoes only can be s teamed.

t h e pas t 20 yea r s I have seen too m a n y cases where good Catholics mar r i ed good P r o t e s t a n t s and now ne i the r has any religion."

9

SPANISH CATHOLICS FIRM IN STAND FOR NEW CONSTITUTION GIL ROBLES REPEATS DEMAND THAT ANTI-RELIGIOUS LAWS BE REPEALED

(By Rev. Mannuel Grana)

Madrid.—"If t h e p resen t Cortes does not wan t revision of t h e Consti tution, we shall m a k e i t s life impossible so t h a t i t will be dissolved." Wi th t h e s e words, Gil Robles addressed some 20,000 men assembled in t h e Campo de San ta Isabel a t Compostela, in a to r rential ra in which had prevented t h e a t tendance of some 30,000 o thers . Their en thus iasm for and loyalty to the i r leader was well demonst ra ted by t h e i r d i s regard for personal inconvenience caused by t h e heavy ra ins .

The open a i r Mass had to be abandoned but , drenched wi th ra in , they made t h e i r way to t h e famous Basilica which m a r k s t h e tomb of the Apostle St . J ames , and t h e r e heard Mass devoutly.

In his address Gil Robles clearly set for th t h e political and religious position and p rog ramme of t h e CEDA, t h e p a r t y t h a t h e heads . He stressed two po in t s : first, t h e revision of those art icles of t h e Republican Const i tut ion which ignore the r i g h t s of t he Church and t h e sen t iments and in te res t s of Catholics, which m u s t be acted upon immediately by the C o r t e s ; and second, t h e preservat ion of t h e Const i tut ion as Republican a s heretofore.

Fidel i ty To Ler roux . At Salamanca a sho r t t imo ago

sincere loyal ty was proclaimed to the CEDA and the Radical P a r t y of Lerroux, t h e leaders of which agree on revision and, when t h e moment a r r ives , each will defend their own viewpoints. In t h e face of t he insidious suspicions of t he Leftists and t h e accusat ions launched aga ins t Ler roux , who has been a Republican t h roughou t his life, t h e Radical leader h a s repeat edly acclaimed the fidelity of Gil Robles t o t h e Republic. In political affairs, Gil Robles h a s worked and is work ing to consolidate t h e Republican regime t h e same a s is Lerroux.

Wha t Gil Robles h a s never done, and can never do, is t o make use of those bois terous declarat ions of ostentat ious Republicanism which the Lef t i s t s demand a s t h e pr inciple of t h e Government . Besides he has wi th in his p a r t y m a n y Catholics who were offended by the sectarianism, if not of t h e IRe-public, of t h e Republicans who brought i t about , and t h e y a r e exceedingly annoyed when t h e C E D A makes a n y boast of t h a t Republicanism which they held responsible for t he persecution of t h e Church and the declaration of t h e a theis t ic State.

Gil Robles seeks t h e prosper i ty and peace of t h e count ry and seeks to accommodate t h e p resen t regimen to Chr i s t i an principles. This cannot be accomplished overnight , but will r equ i re years . Therefore, he is work ing with t h e Radicals and, while he recognizes t h a t t h e Rupublic h a s exceeded i ts r i gh t s in the past , h e seeks to place t h e Republican form of government in accord wi th t h e Catholic sen t iment of the nat ion.

This c i rcumstant ia l and tact ical

alliance of Gil Robles wi th Ler roux h a s caused some defection in the CEDA ranks . There is a lways impatience, and some heads t rong men, apparent ly , do not comprehend t h e inevitable delay before realization. These a r e t h e ones who criticize Gil Robles and question t h e genuineness of h is Catholic i ty and his political conduct.

Six Catholics In Cabinet . On t h e o ther hand, every th ing

t h a t Catholics have gained in the last two years is due to t h e influence of CEDA and those Catholics who have t ru ly and sincerely accepted the Republican regime. There a re six Catholics in the Cabinet and wi th th i s number of Minis ters present , t h e Government na tura l ly proceeds wi th t h e grea t est discretion in t h e application of laws t h a t migh t be con t ra ry to the Chr is t ian spiri t . Wi th those groups t h a t have unloosed r e v o l u t ion in Spain, Gil Robles will have "ne i the r contact nor any compromise ."

Since there h a s been much talk of the monarchism or t h e republicanism of Gil Robles and the CEDA, it is w o r t h s t a t i ng t h a t t h e r e is no t h o u g h t of touching the reg ime in t he r a n k s of t he CEDA, not even among those who profess t o be monarchis t s . F u r t h e r m o r e , Gil Robles ha s re i t e ra ted t h a t he will support t h e regime aga ins t a n y a t tempted revolution and i t is for t h a t reason t h a t he accepted, t h e post of Minis ter of War . Nor would t he Pres ident of t h e Republic have allowed h im to hold t h i s post in the Government wi thout due guaran t ies .

Nei ther in t he p rog ramme of the CEDA, nor in t h e declarat ions of it?, leaders, is a n y monarch ism to be found. I t s Ministers have assumed their dut ies as pa r t of the Government of t h e Republic wi th absolute loyalty. Gil Robles, as Minister of War , main ta ins in t h e A r m y t h a t fidelity which is due t h e const i tuted au thor i ty now governing Spain. He has solemnly declared to the Chief of Staff and h is subordinates, and t h e ent i re nat ion knows th i s , t h a t he h a s had no intention of p u t t i n g himself a t t h e head of t h e A r m y so a s to "deal a blow a t t h e S t a t e ; nor h a s such a thought entered my mind ; nor would the A r m y permi t me to do such a th ing . "

In vain the Lef t i s t s accuse Gil Robles of "veiled monarchical leanings ." Al though he h a s not been given to manifes ta t ions of boastful republicanism, his political conduct, and t h a t of h is associates, ha s won t h e repeatedly expressed commendation of Ler roux and the confidence of t h e Pres ident of t he Republic. The collaboration of Gil Robles h ^ caused g r e a t bodies of Catholics to renounce t h e i r monarchical tendencies and to support the Republican regime.

But t h e Republic is one th ing , and the Republican Const i tut ion is qu i te another m a t t e r . In t h e amendments proposal, a l ready submi t ted to t he Cortes , t h e form of government does not figure., The

AMERICAN VINCENTIAN FATHERS RESUME MISSIONARY ACTIVITY I N KIANGSL

Yukiang (Kiangsi , China) .— T h a n k s to t he effective measures t aken by t h e Government against t h e Communists , ser ious missiona r y work is again possible af ter an in terrupt ion of almost ten y e a r s in t h e Vicar ia te of Yukiang, a mission en t rus ted t o t h e American Vincentian F a t h e r s . The pr ies ts , who have been engaged temporar i ly in o the r pa r t s of China, a r e r e t u r n i n g to the i r mission, and four new missionaries, member s of t h e S t . Louis Province of t h e Vincent ians , will arr ive ear ly in November.

Six Sis ters of Char i ty , who a re en rou te to t h i s mission, have reached Shanghai . They will open a d ispensary and a n orphanage a t Poyang . (Fides.)

immense major i ty of Catholics unders tand tha t , for t h e present a t least , nothing can be done about t h i s ma t t e r , and t h e more enlightened groups hold t h a t there j s no need for it .

Seek New Consti tut ion. On t h e other hand, everyone is

convinced tha t i t is essentia] t h a t t h e Consti tut ion be Christianized and it is very likely t h a t in t h e nex t elections t h e Right is ts—including the Monarchis ts and Tradit ional is ts , a t t h e moment aloof to t h e CEDA and in opposition to Gil Robles—will be uni ted.

"We a r e disposed to have t h e revision taken up immediately," Gi! Robles said a t Compestela. However, due precisely to dissension in t h e r a n k s of t h e Right i s t s , t h e moment of revision is not so cer ta in . F i rs t , a l though t h e municipal elections h a v e been ordered, t h e law governing them has not been issued, bu t t h e municipal assemblies will indicate t he pulse of t h e nat ion and will influence t he amending of t h e Constitution. Ano the r fact t h a t m u s t be taken into consideration is t h a t those in au tho r i t y hes i ta te to launch the count ry upon a Const i tut ional cont roversy t h a t could lead to a real civil war . The revolution has been controlled but not extinguished. I t s leaders a re a r m e d wi th g rea te r rancour . The amnes t ies and in-dults , conceded for political reasons, have resul ted in grea ter t emer i ty among t h e rebels. I t is also feared t h a t t h e Radicals, once r id of t h e r e s t r a i n t and without t h e bridle t h a t now holds them, might r e t u r n to t h e i r former secta r ian i sm, to t h e i r frankly ant i -Catholic ideology now held in check by the p ressure of the CEDA.

In any event t h e r e is one point t h a t d raws all Catholics toge ther : t h e new Consti tut ion. One does not ta lk of revision but r a the r of a new Const i tut ion. Pe rhaps such expressions should be corrected.

The address a t Compostela has been subjected to wide criticism and pressure has been brought upon Gil Robles to have h im amend cer ta in phrases . Prudence is impera t ive , par t icular ly since hopes foi* t h e fu ture res t upon his par ty .

A n in te res t ing fea ture of the Compostela meet ing was t h a t for t h e first t ime representa t ives of g roups of t h e CEDA organized in Lat in-American countr ies were present . (N.C.W.C.)

MILL HILL FATHERS WILL OBSERVE DIAMOND JUBILEE OF THEIR TELUGU MISSION.

Nellore ( Ind ia ) .—The Mill Hill F a t h e r s of t h e Diocese of Nellore will celebrate December 7 t h e 60th ann ive r sa ry of t h e i r mission in t h e Telugu Dis t r ic t . In 1875 t h e mis sion, t h e n a p a r t of t he Archdiocese of Madras , h a d 8,000 Catholics in the s a m e dis t r ic t .

The t e r r i t o r y covered an a rea of 37,945 squa re miles, and t h e Catholics, who were descendants of t h e conver ts m a d e by t h e F r ench J e su i t s w h o founded t h e Carna t ic Mission in 1701, were living in 100 different villages. The spir i tual care of t h e people was under two pr ies t s who lived 200 miles a p a r t . T h e r e were no schools, hospi tals or o the r char i table ins t i tu t ions . The re was only one chapel, and t h a t was badly in need of repair . T h e r e were a dozen catechis ts in t h e mission.

Since 1875 t h e Mill Hill Society has sent 109 p r i e s t s t o t h i s reg ion ; of these 41 a re still in act ive service. T h e r e a r e alô 21 Indian pr ies ts a t work here . Churches have been erected in mos t of t h e 28 mission centres , and numerous village chapels have been es tablished.

Wi th t h e ass is tance of t h e Indian Sis te rs of St . F ranc i s of Assisi and of t h e Du tch Sis ters of Jesus , M a r y and Joseph, 126 elem e n t a r y schools h a v e been s tar ted , a s well a s one middle school, two h igh schools, t h r e e e lementary training-schools and one secondary training-school. A Catechist-t r a in ing school h a s also been founded. The Dutch Sis ters have t h r e e hospi tals and dispensaries w i th a year ly a v e r a g e of 7,000 inpa t i en t s and 275,000 out-pat ients . These ins t i tu t ions have several t imes received tangible expressions of appreciat ion f rom t h e Hindu public.

The re is a minor seminary wi th 58 s tuaen t s and a major seminary wi th 48 s tuden ts . Sixteen Indian pr ies ts have been t r a ined a t th i s l a t t e r seminary, four of whom were for o ther dioceses. A pr int ing es tabl ishment h a s been set up, mak ing possible t h e publication of a large n u m b e r of religious books in Telugu.

A s t rong mass movement of conversions h a s been developing in t h i s mission in recent years , mostly a m o n g t h e Depressed Classes; since 1928, 12,000 persons have been received in to t h e Church.

In 1928 t h e Telugu mission was erected in to a s epa ra t e te r r i to ry , called t h e Diocese of Nellore, and t h e Most Rev. Will iam Bou te r was elected first Bishop. I t i s t h e oldest ex is t ing mission of t h e Mill Hill Society. (Fides.)

YOUNG LADIES KONG FOUND A

OF HONG CATHOLIC

ACTION ASSOCIATION.

Hong Kong.—The Chinese young women of t h e Canoss ian Convent here , w h e r e m o r e t h a n a thousand gi r ls of eve ry class of society are educated and w h e r e some find a home, h a v e formed t h e i r own Catholic Act ion Circle. The members devote themse lves principally t o a iding and ins t ruc t ing the poor and t h e sick. [Lumen-Fides . ]

10 MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935.

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Jttalag* Catholic Xvztbzx Saturday, 23rd November, 1935.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SUNDAY.

I n these days w h e n C h r i s t i a n i t y is t e n d i n g t o d isappear f r o m p r i v a t e a n d p u b l i c l ife, i ts p lace be ing t a k e n b y subversive p a g a n ideas a n d pr inc ip les , t he S u n d a y too , is degene ra t i ng f r o m t h e h i g h degree of holiness a n d b e a u t y t o w h i c h i t was raised b y G o d . I t is g r a d u a l l y be ing d r agged d o w n t o t h e level of the modern w e e k d a y w i t h i ts sordid r o u n d of t r iv ia l pleasures. H e n c e arises t h e u r g e n t necessi ty of b r i n g i n g th is sub jec t before the m i n d s of t h e p re sen t gene ra t ion t h a t t h e y m a y see in t h e Lo rd ' s D a y , a day w h i c h a c c o r d i n g t o the pr inciples of C h r i s t i a n i t y shapes o u r e t e rna l salvat ion.

" R e m e m b e r t h a t t h o u k e e p ho ly t h e Sabba th d a y ! " ( E x o d . X X . 8.) is t h e th i rd and t h e m o s t impressive c o m m a n d m e n t of G o d inscr ibed o n t h e table ts o n M o u n t Sinai fo r all m e n and for all t imes . T h e i n s t i t u t i o n of t h e Lord ' s D a y o n the first d a y of t he week i n stead of t h e Jewish S a b b a t h observed o n t h e last d a y of t he week , goes b a c k t o t he days of t h e Apost les . B u t t h e d a y w h i c h f o r m e r l y t o o k the place of o u r S u n d a y , a n d w h i c h was similar in all respects t o the Jewish Sabba th , is as old as t h e h u m a n race, a n d is, l ike t h e Sunday , a d ivine i n s t i t u t i o n . A t the b e g i n n i n g of

. t h e H o l y Sc r ip tu re we find t h e fo l lowing m e n t i o n : " O n t h e seven th d a y G o d ended H i s w o r k w h i c h H e h a d m a d e : a n d H e rested o n t h e seventh d a y f r o m all H i s w o r k w h i c h H e h a d done . A n d H e blessed t h e seventh day a n d sanctif ied i t . " ( G e n . ii. 2 , 3 ) . W i t h r ega rd t o the a c c o u n t g iven b y Moses of six days spen t o n the C r e a t i o n , and a seven th w h i c h , b e i n g a d a y of rest, was called the Sabba th , th is seventh day was a p p o i n t e d t h e Lord ' s D a y . I t was t o be observed as a day of t h a n k s g i v i n g t o G o d fo r H i s first g r e a t a c t of love for m a n — t h e C r e a t i o n .

T h e J ewi sh e x p o u n d e r s of the S c r i p t u r e w e r e ove r - s t r i c t in the i r d e m a n d s r e g a r d i n g t h e observ a n c e of t h e Sabba th , an exa g g e r a t e d s t r ic tness w h i c h was

n o t r e c o m m e n d e d b y Chr i s t Himself . F o r ins tance , i t was fo rb idden t o heal o r p e r f o r m a n y o the r w o r k s of c h a r i t y , h o w e v e r u r g e n t , o n t he Sabba th . I t is obvious, t h e J e w s w e r e ve ry earnest in t h e observance of t he Sabba th , even if t h e y 'gave m o r e heed to t h e l e t t e r t h a n t o t he spir i t of t h e l a w of Sinai. T h a t the seven th a n d the last day of the week should be observed as t he Lord ' s in t h e O l d C o v e n a n t was n o t a l a w of n a t u r e b u t d e creed by G o d Himsel f . N o w let us consider t he reasons for t he change u n d e r t h e N e w C o v e n a n t . I n the first p lace , i t was i m p o r t a n t t h a t Chr i s t i an i ty , as an ent i re ly n e w a n d pe r f ec t religion, should be dis t inguished, in its o u t e r f o r m also, f r o m J u d a i s m w h i c h was in a p r e c u r s o r y f o r m . O the rwi se i t m i g h t appea r to be a Jewish sect a n d so m e r e l y a secondary rel igion. Secondly on this day were t o be ce lebra ted t he R e d e m p t i o n a n d Sanct i f ica t ion of m a n k i n d . N o w these t w o divine acts we re p e r f o r m e d on t h e first d a y of t h e week , t h e Resu r r ec t i on of Chr i s t , c o m p l e t i n g t h e R e d e m p t i o n and t h e Descen t of t he H o l y Ghos t , as a fu l f i lment of H i s p romise t o pe r f ec t m a n ' s sanct i f icat ion. T h i s is w h a t St. A m b r o s e says w i t h regard t o t h e sacredness of S u n d a y : " T h e Lord ' s D a y is sacred to us because on this d a y t h e Redeemer , a f te r H e h a d vanqu i shed the darkness of hell, l ike t h e rising sun , shone f o r t h in t h e l i g h t of t h e R e s u r rec t ion . T h e r e f o r e also, th is d a y is called ' S u n d a y ' because i t was i l lumined b y ~ C h r i s t t h e Ris ing S u n of righteousness."

T h e C u r e of A r s used t o say, " S u n d a y belongs t o G o d ; i t is H i s day , t he Lord ' s D a y . H e m a d e all t he days of t h e week, and H e could keep all fo r Himsel f , b u t H e has k e p t o n l y t he seventh . W i t h w h a t right t h e n d o y o u c la im t h a t w h i c h does n o t be long j t o you? Stolen goods b r i n g n o I gain. Y o u wil l find t he re is no be t t e r use t o w h i c h y o u c a n p u t the day y o u steal f r o m t h e Lord t h a n the use i n t e n d e d b y God. T h e r e are t w o ce r t a in ways of becoming p o o r : t he f t , a n d w o r k -ing on S u n d a y . "

T h e r e is a t r i p l e d u t y a t t a c h i n g to the obse rvance of Sunday . O n this day w e should be pa r t i cu l a r ly conscious of t h e d iv ine love revealed in t h e Crea t i on , R e d e m p t i o n a n d Sanct i f icat ion, m e d i t a t i n g o n these infinite blessings w i t h g r a t i t u d e in o u r hear ts .

T h e h u m a n soul is a spir i t of the spir i t of G o d . By its n a t u r e it bears God ' s image , sp i r i tua l i ty , i m m o r t a l i t y a n d f reedom, n o less t h a n the far m o r e glor ious divine f o r m of a s u p e r h u m a n life t h r o u g h grace , affiliation w i t h God and heirship of H e a v e n . ( " O u r Fa the r W h o a r t in H e a v e n . " ) T h e soul, c o m i n g f r o m G o d , strives j back t o G o d . I t s u r g e t o divine 1

happiness, so inf ini te ly p r o f o u n d ,

NOTES AND COMMENTS

E A S I E R D I V O R C E — A R E M E D Y W O R S E T H A N

T H E D I S E A S E — T H E C A S E O F R U S S I A -

P R E C E D E N T S I N H I S T O R Y .

Eas i e r Divorce. Lord Hewar t ' s advocacy of

eas ier divorce by extending the g rounds on which it is obtained, comes r a t h e r in j a r r i n g proxim i t y to t h e recent res t r ingen t laws enforced by the Soviet on divorce. Tha t t h e Lord Chief Jus t i ce should use his power to influence public opinion in favour of t h e easier application of a pract ice which h a s been t h e cause of endless evils, is much t o be regre t t ed . The Church in i ts opposition to divorce has been s teadfas t t h r o u g h t h e course of centur ies , ne i ther will it now cease to defend a n d proclaim its unchang ing pr inciples ; more especially t h i s one, which is the foundat ion of t h e Chr i s t i an Fami ly , and of all s table society. A s h a s been t h e case wi th every one of t h e evils t h e Church has combat ted , t h e world rushes on in i t s bl indness of lus t and wild fury, heedless of t h e Church ' s warn ings , and deaf t o i ts voice—'the voice of one cry ing in t h e wi lderness \ I t speeds down t h e easy slope of Ave rnus and when it is abrupt ly b r o u g h t face to face wi th t h e dire consequences of i t s mad ru sh , it real izes i t s m i s t a k e ; bu t more of ten t h a n not, t h a t realization comes too late.

* * * * * A Remedy Worse t h a n t h e Disease.

When t h e world was near ly dr iven crazy by t h e Mal thus ian calculation on t h e disproport ionate r a t i o between t h e increase of b i r t h - r a t e and production, t he Church was t h e first to counterac t t h i s false a s sumpt ion and t o allay t h e fears r e su l t ing from t h e propaga t ion of t h i s doct r ine—But t h e world knew bet te r . Cont racep t ive me thods were b la tan t ly adver t i sed and increasingly adopted a s t he only m e a n s of ave r t i ng t h e impending calamity. The dread p ic ture of a prolific populat ion dying from s ta rva t ion a))d want , d rawn in vivid colours by t h e followers of t h i s creed, was enough to convince t h e world of

c a n only be fully satisfied in God . B u t d u r i n g its sojourn on ear th , the* soul while i t strives heavenw a r d s is weighed d o w n b y the b o d y . T h e b o d y w i t h its m a n i fold claims on this wor ld , keeps t h e soul fe t te red , as i t were , so t h a t i t is in dange r of be ing lost in the s w a m p of mater ia l i sm w h i c h besets o u r life o n ea r th w i t h its cares, s t ruggles and its sorrows. Each Sunday should release the soul t o resume its flight t o God , the Source of its h a p p i ness, of l ight and reviving w a r m t h . Besides be ing the C h u r c h ' s D a y , Sunday should also be regarded as a Fami ly D a y w h e n all the members can be un i t ed helping and s u p p o r t i n g one ano the r by w o r d and example t h u s w o r k i n g t o w a r d s the m u t u a l sanctif icat ion of the family . Sunday should be regarded as affording a respite o n o u r w a y to a b r igh t e r des t inat ion.

] t h e rea l i ty of such an evil, and the ! necessi ty of adopt ing some efficient

remedy. The world gained a t r i u m p h a n t vic tory over its ca lumnia to r s ; i t was a victory of reason over ignorance and prejud ice ; of scientific research over

I t h e dogmat ic principles of an an t iqua ted ins t i tu t ion . The wide p ropaganda spread by these doctr inai res had t h e desired effect of r e t a r d i n g t h e b i r th- ra te so a s to counterbalance production. The world had achieved its object fa r above its hopes, and had a t t a ined to l imi ts far beyond those to which i t had aspired: and now as a glorious resul t it is faced with t h e problem of a fast-declining b i r t h - r a t e a s set against an enormously increas ing over-product ion.—The remedy has proved worse t h a n t h e supposed disease.

* * * * * The Case of Russia .

The present a t t i t u d e of Russia r ega rd ing divorce, appears in s t r i k ing con t ras t to i ts handling of t h e same question a few years ago. Dras t ic r e fo rms have been introduced into t h e laws regulating m a r r i a g e and divorce, initiated by decrees re-establ ishing the family a s the pivotal social unit and enforcing pa ren ta l responsibili ty for the care of children. They have realised the i r error of condemning paren ta l authori ty as a bourgeois not ion incompatible wi th t h e i r advanced communist doctr ine. As h a s a lways been the case when t h e s t a t e takes upon itself t h e usurped t a s k of deciding in morals , not being schooled in t h e a r t of following the golden mean wi thout viola t ing any of its principles, i t decides on extremes, and t h e evil is t h u s perpetuated. I t does not know t h e r igh t use and application of remedies . This late change in t he a t t i t ude of the Soviet towards divorce, shows that it ha s learnt t h r o u g h bi t ter experience, wha t i t could have learnt merely by l i s tening to the voice of t h a t a u t h o r i t y in morals—the Church. But t h e voice of the Church h a s ever remained for the world, t h e unheeded warning of a Cassandra . And when the state har realised its mis take , steeped in i ts conceited pr ide it cannot bring itself to acknowledge defeat.

* * * * * Precedents in His to ry .

While official spokesmen of the Soviet, i t appears , as a consequence of hav ing reaped t h e evil fruit of the i r lax and demoral is ing laws on divorce and free love, have begun u rg ing upon t h e people the ideal of pe rmanen t mar r i age , Lord, H e w a r t ' s advocacy of easier divorce laws for England in total d is regard of t h e precedent glaring example of the working of such a sys tem in Russia, once again seems to point to t h e fact t h a t however much his tory m a y be regarded as a s torehouse of precedents from whose inexhaust ib le collection one may d r a w examples for guidance.

I t h a t s torehouse of precedents is | bu t an empty name , or is consi-| dered as a disused barn into which [ happenings a r e re legated and kept i a s happv or woeful memories, and

as memories only. W e do not seem to relish t he idea of learning from

I t he experience of o thers .

11 SEA APOSTOLATE INTER-1

NATIONAL CONGRESS. G O S P E L DIOCESE OF MALACCA.

IMPORTANT ASSEMBLY A T LONDON.

Delegates t r o m t h e Argen t ine , Australia, Belgium, Canada, £ n g -lang, F rance , Germany, Holland, Ireland, I ta ly , Poland, Scotland, Spain and Wales, a t tended t h e Sea Apostolate In ternat ional Congress held in London, October 4 th-7 th , under t h e Presidency of Mgr. Hinsley, Archbishop of W e s t m i n s ter. The Congress opened wi th a Reception a t Archbishop 's House, where Mgr . Hinsley in welcoming the Delegates, spoke of his personal experience of the ne^d for Sea Apostolate work when voyaging as Apostolic Delegate in Africa. A t t h e Conferences held in St. P e t e r ' s Hall t he chief subjects of discussion centered- round the problem of having more Por t Chaplains, and Ins t i tu tes for Catholic Sea fa re r s with auxi l iary lay service. Mrs . C. C. Mart indale , J. G. Welsch, A. Van Vliet , Ivor Daniel, H . A. Reinhold, A. L. Mounier, E u t r o p e Chardayoise, M. §j Jean Raynaud , and Miss C. M . r a

Buckley, took p a r t in these discussions, a n d it was decided to send a petit ion to Rome with a view *o securing whole-t ime Por t Chaplains in all t h e g r e a t Por t s . There was an ag reemen t also t ^ a t special efforts should be made :o infuse a s t ronge r Catholic Actionist sp i r ' t in all Sea Apostola te Workers , primarily a m o n g s t the Seafare rs themselves , by means of R e t r e a t s and Conferences. The ins t i tu t ion of a league for Perpetual Communion and for Masses for Seafarers , living a n d dead, was advocated by

"Abbe Mounier , Bordeaux. The organis ing of special services for women Seafa re r s was dealt wi th by the Apostola te Maris Delegates from Genoa, a t which P o r t t h i s special work has i t s most complete development, t h rough t h e cooperation of t h e Protezlone della Giovane. ..

The Apost leship of t h e Sea Council which organised th i s Con gress r ep re sen t s all organisat ions engaged in work for Seafare rs within t h e Catholic Church, covering 250 P o r t s wi th i ts co-ordinating and organis ing services from its London Headquar te r s . The Organising Secre ta ry s ta ted in his report t h a t a t t h e Sea Apostolate Centres over 300,000 S e a f a r e r receive service each year.

The Archb i shop presided over a large g a t h e r i n g in the Queen's Hall and in his opening address . Mgr. Hins ley thanked the b ig shipping Companies for the rel igious facilities wrhich t hey had provided on the i r ships , b u t asked t h e m to recognise t h e r i g h t of t h e h u m blest s eaman to approach a t rave l ling p r i es t in wha tever p a r t of t h e ship he w a s , a s readily as he could approach t h e ship ' s doctor.

Mr. G. K. Chester ton, F r s . Vincent McNabb, O.P. and C. C. Mart indale, S.J. Many Seamen— including a la rge body of Goans from P o r t u g u e s e India, Members of t h e Diplomatic Corps, Clergy and d is t inguished laity a t tended the Rally. T h e Grail Choir of 200 soned before the i r voices led t h e Audience in an irr- The Delegates were pressive m a s s render ing of th^ " C R E D O . " Mr. G. K. Ches ter ton in a charac te r i s t i c address referred to t h e qu i t e special needs of t he Seafarer, who could not well be m-1 gress w a s eluded in a n y Dis t r ibut i s t p re - j RM.M.V. gramme, owning his " t h r e e acr^s ! where a complimentary Tea was and a s h a r k . " The Congress D e - ; given by t h e Chairman and Direc-

for T H E LAST SUNDAY A F T E R PENTECOST.

(Ma t t . XXIV, 15-35). A t t h a t t ime, Je sus said to his disciples, When you shall see

the abominat ion of desolation which w a s spoken of by Daniel t h e prophet, s tanding in t h e holy place ( h e t h a t readeth , let him unde r s t and ) , then they t h a t a re in Judaea , let t h e m flee to the mounta ins ; and he tha t is on t h e house-top, let h im not come down to take a n y th ing out of h i s house ; and h e t h a t is in the field, let him not go back to take his coat . And woe to them t h a t a re with child, and t h a t give suck, in those days . Bu t p ray t h a t your flight be not in t he winter , or on the s a b b a t h : for t h e r e shall be then g rea t t r i bulation, such as ha th not been f rom t h e beginning of t h e world until now, nei ther shall b e : and unless these days had been shortened, no flesh should be saved; but for t he sake of the elect, those days shall be shortened. Then if any man shall say to you, Lo, here is Chr is t , or the re ; do not believe h i m : for the re shall a r i se false Chr i s t s and false prophets , and shall show grea t s igns and wonders, insomuch as t o deceive (if possible) even the elect. Behold, I have told it to you beforehand: if therefore they shall say to you, Behold he is in t h e desert , go ye not o u t ; Behold he is in the closets, believe it no t . For a s l igh tn ing cometh out of the eas t , and appea re th even into the west, so shall also t h e coming of t he Son of m a n be. Wheresoever t he body shall be there shall t h e eagles also be gathered toge ther . And immediate ly af ter the tr ibulation of those days, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give h e r light, and t h e s t a r s shall fall from heaven, and t h e powers of heaven shall be moved; and then shall appear the s ign of the Son of man in heaven, and then shall all t h e t r ibes of t h e ea r th mourn; and they shall see t he Son of m a n coming in the clouds of heaven wi th much power and m a j e s t y ; and he shall send his angels with a t rumpe t and a g rea t voice, and t h e y shall g a t h e r toge ther his elect from the four winds, from t h e f a r thes t p a r t s of heaven to t h e utmost bounds of them. And from t h e fig-tree learn a pa rab le : when t h e branch thereof is now tender , and t h e leaves come for th , you know t h a t summer is n igh. So you also, when you shall see all t he se th ings , know ye t h a t i t is n igh even a t t he doors. Amen, I say to you, t ha t th is genera t ion shall not pass till all these t h ings be done. Heaven and e a r t h shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.

COMMENTARY.

Calendar for the week.

This Gospel contains t w o prophecies: t h e destruction of t h e city of Je rusa lem and t h e final dissolution of t h e universe. Le t us read it aga in and point ou t t h e signs which were to accompany each fact in part icular .

The destruct ion of Je rusa lem.

Jesus mentioned false prophets and false Chr is ts who were to come upon Judaea. He spoke of wars, of persecutions. He repor t ed the abominat ion of desolation of Daniel a s the closest s ign to t h e destruction of the city and temple. His to ry bears tes t imony to the fulfilment of these prophecies. False p rophe ts indeed t r ied to seduce t h e multi tudes. One of them, Teudas by name, succeeded in convincing the mul t i tudes t h a t he was a new Moses, dest ined by the Almighty to work wonders among h i s people. H e brought the mul t i tudes one day to the J o r d a n ; and everyone was expecting t h a t the r ive r would obey t h e prophet 's command, opening i t s wraves in a road, like tha t of t h e Red Sea Another false p rophe t brought to t h e desert 30,000 J ews . Simon Magus was counterbalancing the miracles of the Apost les .

The whole world was then a t war . Rome had to cope with revolutions all along t h e frontiers of i ts vas t empire. And finally t h e abomination of desolation took place when

legates visi ted t he Tower of London, and p raye r s were said in t h e Dungeon where St . Thomas More and St. J o h n Fisher were impri-

Mar ty rdom. received a t

the Mansion House, a n d af ter a complimentary lunch, visi ted t h e Catholic Seamen's Home. The concluding function of t h e Con-

held on board t n e Highland Chief ta in ,"

I to rs of the Royal Mail Line. The I Cha i rman of the Sea Apostolate

In te rna t iona l Council, Vice Admiral R. A. Hornell, D.S.O, was a t t h e las t moment unable to a t tend t h e Congress owing to illness, and Mgr. Canon Hall, Hull, acted as Cha i rman a t t h e Conferences and Council Meet ings. Mgr. Myers Bishop of L a m u s was Celebrant of Pontifical Mass a t Wes tmins te r Cathedra l , a t which t h e Polish Ambassador and t h e Ir ish F r e e S t a t e High Commissioner were

November 24. Sunday—24 ( L a s t ) Sunday after Pentecost . Mass and Vespers of t h e Sunday.

November 25. Monday — St. Cather ine of Alexandria , V. and M.

Tuesday—St . Sil-

Wednesday—Of

Thursday—Of t h e

November 26. vester , Abb.

g November 27. Jg t h e Fer ia . [I November 28. S Fer ia .

November 29. Fr iday—Virgi l of St. Andrew, t h e Apostle.

November 30. Sa tu rday— St. Andrew, The Apostle.

DIOCESE OF MACAO.

CHURCH OF ST. J O S E P H .

Calendar for t he week.

sacrileges were freely pract ised in t h e Holy Temple of God. The disciples of Chr is t saw all t hese s igns and, r emember ing the words of t h e i r Master , warned t h e Christ i ans . Je rusa lem's fa te was doomed for ever. The first siege, under Cest ius, governor of Syria, was j u s t t h e beginning of i ts fall. And Josephus tells us in t h e most realist ic t e r m s t h a t Jesus ' words were fulfilled to t h e letter.

The end of t he World. The second p a r t of to-day's gos

pel refers to t h e end of th*. world. The signs a re not so many as in t h e fall of Jerusalem.

The re will be universal seduction of mankind by evil influences, t h e r e will be signs in t h e s t a r s , and lastly t h e Cross of the Son of Man appear ing in t he clouds. I t will be the eve of the Las t Day of t h i s universe. "When you shall see all these th ings , know ye t h a t it is nigh, even a t the doors."

Wi th th is t hough t t he Church ends i ts year . The Gospel reminds us of t he dissolution of th i s universe . The epistle points out to us our goal, which is heaven. St. Paul asks us to give thanks to God t h e F a t h e r who has made us wor thy to be pa r takers of t h e lot of t h e Saints in light.

Let us, therefore, look a t heaven, t h rough the mist and gloom of t h e last day of t he world, cer ta in t h a t "if we a re faithful unto death , w.e shall receive the crown of life."

! November 24. Sunday—Twenty fourth and last Sunday af ter Pentecost . Semi-double. Green ves tments . P roper of t h e Mass in t h e fSmal l Missal" p . 235. Second collect of St. John of t h e Cross, th i rd for t h e Pope. Vespers of the Sunday a t 5 p.m. Pre l iminary general mee t ing of t he Members of t h e Sodali ty of Our Lady of F a t i m a a t 4 p.m.

j November 25. Monday — St. Catherine, V.M. Double.

I November 26. T u e s d a y — S t . Silvester , abbot. Double.

| November 27. Wednesday—Bl. Leonard Kimura and Comp. Mar ty r s . Double.

I November 28. Thursday—Of the feria. Simple.

November 29. Fr iday.—Of the feria. Vigil of St . Andrew. Simple Abstinence. Evening service at Er-30.

November 30. Sa tu rday — St. Andrew, Apostle. Double 2nd cl.

CATHOLIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHINA YEAR BOOK.

Shanghai .—The 17th edition, j u s t recently issued, of t h e China Year Book contains an art icle on Catholic Missions in China by F a t h e r Paschal d'Elia, S.J. and ano ther on the Climate of China by F a t h e r E rnes t Gherzi, S.J., Directo r of t h e Meteorological and Seis-mological Observatory a t Zikawei. F a t h e r d'Elia 's contr ibut ion is supplemented by a chronological table of impor tan t da tes and a conspectus of t h e latest s ta t i s t ics .

An impor tan t innovation in the present edition is t h e l is t ing of the Chinese Bishops a m o n g t h e principal personali t ies of t h e Republic. A shor t biography of each Bishop

is given. The China Year Book, a valuable

source book of informat ion on China, is edited in Shangha i by Mr. H. G. W. Woodhead, C.B.E.

[Lumen-Fides . ]

•present. Fr . Mar t indale in his (sermon spoke of t h e nee3 for fur-j the r development of Catholic Sea Action in all countr ies . Amongs t those a t t end ing t h e Congress in addition to the official Delegates were—The Minis ter of N o r w a y : Count Raczynski , Ambassador for Poland: Senhor Ruy Ennes

lUlrich, Ambassador for P o r t u g a l : land represen ta t ives of t h e Embassies and Legat ions of China, I taly, Germany, Switzerland, Fin

l a n d , L i thuan ia and Turkey.


RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION

POST FREE FOR MALAYA, B. N. BORNEO AND SARAWAK.

12 Months $6.00 6 Months $3.00

FOREIGN. (Straits currency)

12 Months $7.00 6 Months . . $3.50

All correspondence and literary contributions should be addressed to The Managing Editor, Rev. R. Cardon, 73, Bras Basah Road Singapore.

Tel. 7376, Singapore.

Jttalag* Catholic Xvztbzx Saturday, 23rd November, 1935.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SUNDAY.

I n these days w h e n C h r i s t i a n i t y is t e n d i n g t o d isappear f r o m p r i v a t e a n d p u b l i c l ife, i ts p lace be ing t a k e n b y subversive p a g a n ideas a n d pr inc ip les , t he S u n d a y too , is degene ra t i ng f r o m t h e h i g h degree of holiness a n d b e a u t y t o w h i c h i t was raised b y G o d . I t is g r a d u a l l y be ing d r agged d o w n t o t h e level of the modern w e e k d a y w i t h i ts sordid r o u n d of t r iv ia l pleasures. H e n c e arises t h e u r g e n t necessi ty of b r i n g i n g th is sub jec t before the m i n d s of t h e p re sen t gene ra t ion t h a t t h e y m a y see in t h e Lo rd ' s D a y , a day w h i c h a c c o r d i n g t o the pr inciples of C h r i s t i a n i t y shapes o u r e t e rna l salvat ion.

" R e m e m b e r t h a t t h o u k e e p ho ly t h e Sabba th d a y ! " ( E x o d . X X . 8.) is t h e th i rd and t h e m o s t impressive c o m m a n d m e n t of G o d inscr ibed o n t h e table ts o n M o u n t Sinai fo r all m e n and for all t imes . T h e i n s t i t u t i o n of t h e Lord ' s D a y o n the first d a y of t he week i n stead of t h e Jewish S a b b a t h observed o n t h e last d a y of t he week , goes b a c k t o t he days of t h e Apost les . B u t t h e d a y w h i c h f o r m e r l y t o o k the place of o u r S u n d a y , a n d w h i c h was similar in all respects t o the Jewish Sabba th , is as old as t h e h u m a n race, a n d is, l ike t h e Sunday , a d ivine i n s t i t u t i o n . A t the b e g i n n i n g of

. t h e H o l y Sc r ip tu re we find t h e fo l lowing m e n t i o n : " O n t h e seven th d a y G o d ended H i s w o r k w h i c h H e h a d m a d e : a n d H e rested o n t h e seventh d a y f r o m all H i s w o r k w h i c h H e h a d done . A n d H e blessed t h e seventh day a n d sanctif ied i t . " ( G e n . ii. 2 , 3 ) . W i t h r ega rd t o the a c c o u n t g iven b y Moses of six days spen t o n the C r e a t i o n , and a seven th w h i c h , b e i n g a d a y of rest, was called the Sabba th , th is seventh day was a p p o i n t e d t h e Lord ' s D a y . I t was t o be observed as a day of t h a n k s g i v i n g t o G o d fo r H i s first g r e a t a c t of love for m a n — t h e C r e a t i o n .

T h e J ewi sh e x p o u n d e r s of the S c r i p t u r e w e r e ove r - s t r i c t in the i r d e m a n d s r e g a r d i n g t h e observ a n c e of t h e Sabba th , an exa g g e r a t e d s t r ic tness w h i c h was

n o t r e c o m m e n d e d b y Chr i s t Himself . F o r ins tance , i t was fo rb idden t o heal o r p e r f o r m a n y o the r w o r k s of c h a r i t y , h o w e v e r u r g e n t , o n t he Sabba th . I t is obvious, t h e J e w s w e r e ve ry earnest in t h e observance of t he Sabba th , even if t h e y 'gave m o r e heed to t h e l e t t e r t h a n t o t he spir i t of t h e l a w of Sinai. T h a t the seven th a n d the last day of the week should be observed as t he Lord ' s in t h e O l d C o v e n a n t was n o t a l a w of n a t u r e b u t d e creed by G o d Himsel f . N o w let us consider t he reasons for t he change u n d e r t h e N e w C o v e n a n t . I n the first p lace , i t was i m p o r t a n t t h a t Chr i s t i an i ty , as an ent i re ly n e w a n d pe r f ec t religion, should be dis t inguished, in its o u t e r f o r m also, f r o m J u d a i s m w h i c h was in a p r e c u r s o r y f o r m . O the rwi se i t m i g h t appea r to be a Jewish sect a n d so m e r e l y a secondary rel igion. Secondly on this day were t o be ce lebra ted t he R e d e m p t i o n a n d Sanct i f ica t ion of m a n k i n d . N o w these t w o divine acts we re p e r f o r m e d on t h e first d a y of t h e week , t h e Resu r r ec t i on of Chr i s t , c o m p l e t i n g t h e R e d e m p t i o n and t h e Descen t of t he H o l y Ghos t , as a fu l f i lment of H i s p romise t o pe r f ec t m a n ' s sanct i f icat ion. T h i s is w h a t St. A m b r o s e says w i t h regard t o t h e sacredness of S u n d a y : " T h e Lord ' s D a y is sacred to us because on this d a y t h e Redeemer , a f te r H e h a d vanqu i shed the darkness of hell, l ike t h e rising sun , shone f o r t h in t h e l i g h t of t h e R e s u r rec t ion . T h e r e f o r e also, th is d a y is called ' S u n d a y ' because i t was i l lumined b y ~ C h r i s t t h e Ris ing S u n of righteousness."

T h e C u r e of A r s used t o say, " S u n d a y belongs t o G o d ; i t is H i s day , t he Lord ' s D a y . H e m a d e all t he days of t h e week, and H e could keep all fo r Himsel f , b u t H e has k e p t o n l y t he seventh . W i t h w h a t right t h e n d o y o u c la im t h a t w h i c h does n o t be long j t o you? Stolen goods b r i n g n o I gain. Y o u wil l find t he re is no be t t e r use t o w h i c h y o u c a n p u t the day y o u steal f r o m t h e Lord t h a n the use i n t e n d e d b y God. T h e r e are t w o ce r t a in ways of becoming p o o r : t he f t , a n d w o r k -ing on S u n d a y . "

T h e r e is a t r i p l e d u t y a t t a c h i n g to the obse rvance of Sunday . O n this day w e should be pa r t i cu l a r ly conscious of t h e d iv ine love revealed in t h e Crea t i on , R e d e m p t i o n a n d Sanct i f icat ion, m e d i t a t i n g o n these infinite blessings w i t h g r a t i t u d e in o u r hear ts .

T h e h u m a n soul is a spir i t of the spir i t of G o d . By its n a t u r e it bears God ' s image , sp i r i tua l i ty , i m m o r t a l i t y a n d f reedom, n o less t h a n the far m o r e glor ious divine f o r m of a s u p e r h u m a n life t h r o u g h grace , affiliation w i t h God and heirship of H e a v e n . ( " O u r Fa the r W h o a r t in H e a v e n . " ) T h e soul, c o m i n g f r o m G o d , strives j back t o G o d . I t s u r g e t o divine 1

happiness, so inf ini te ly p r o f o u n d ,

NOTES AND COMMENTS

E A S I E R D I V O R C E — A R E M E D Y W O R S E T H A N

T H E D I S E A S E — T H E C A S E O F R U S S I A -

P R E C E D E N T S I N H I S T O R Y .

Eas i e r Divorce. Lord Hewar t ' s advocacy of

eas ier divorce by extending the g rounds on which it is obtained, comes r a t h e r in j a r r i n g proxim i t y to t h e recent res t r ingen t laws enforced by the Soviet on divorce. Tha t t h e Lord Chief Jus t i ce should use his power to influence public opinion in favour of t h e easier application of a pract ice which h a s been t h e cause of endless evils, is much t o be regre t t ed . The Church in i ts opposition to divorce has been s teadfas t t h r o u g h t h e course of centur ies , ne i ther will it now cease to defend a n d proclaim its unchang ing pr inciples ; more especially t h i s one, which is the foundat ion of t h e Chr i s t i an Fami ly , and of all s table society. A s h a s been t h e case wi th every one of t h e evils t h e Church has combat ted , t h e world rushes on in i t s bl indness of lus t and wild fury, heedless of t h e Church ' s warn ings , and deaf t o i ts voice—'the voice of one cry ing in t h e wi lderness \ I t speeds down t h e easy slope of Ave rnus and when it is abrupt ly b r o u g h t face to face wi th t h e dire consequences of i t s mad ru sh , it real izes i t s m i s t a k e ; bu t more of ten t h a n not, t h a t realization comes too late.

* * * * * A Remedy Worse t h a n t h e Disease.

When t h e world was near ly dr iven crazy by t h e Mal thus ian calculation on t h e disproport ionate r a t i o between t h e increase of b i r t h - r a t e and production, t he Church was t h e first to counterac t t h i s false a s sumpt ion and t o allay t h e fears r e su l t ing from t h e propaga t ion of t h i s doct r ine—But t h e world knew bet te r . Cont racep t ive me thods were b la tan t ly adver t i sed and increasingly adopted a s t he only m e a n s of ave r t i ng t h e impending calamity. The dread p ic ture of a prolific populat ion dying from s ta rva t ion a))d want , d rawn in vivid colours by t h e followers of t h i s creed, was enough to convince t h e world of

c a n only be fully satisfied in God . B u t d u r i n g its sojourn on ear th , the* soul while i t strives heavenw a r d s is weighed d o w n b y the b o d y . T h e b o d y w i t h its m a n i fold claims on this wor ld , keeps t h e soul fe t te red , as i t were , so t h a t i t is in dange r of be ing lost in the s w a m p of mater ia l i sm w h i c h besets o u r life o n ea r th w i t h its cares, s t ruggles and its sorrows. Each Sunday should release the soul t o resume its flight t o God , the Source of its h a p p i ness, of l ight and reviving w a r m t h . Besides be ing the C h u r c h ' s D a y , Sunday should also be regarded as a Fami ly D a y w h e n all the members can be un i t ed helping and s u p p o r t i n g one ano the r by w o r d and example t h u s w o r k i n g t o w a r d s the m u t u a l sanctif icat ion of the family . Sunday should be regarded as affording a respite o n o u r w a y to a b r igh t e r des t inat ion.

] t h e rea l i ty of such an evil, and the ! necessi ty of adopt ing some efficient

remedy. The world gained a t r i u m p h a n t vic tory over its ca lumnia to r s ; i t was a victory of reason over ignorance and prejud ice ; of scientific research over

I t h e dogmat ic principles of an an t iqua ted ins t i tu t ion . The wide p ropaganda spread by these doctr inai res had t h e desired effect of r e t a r d i n g t h e b i r th- ra te so a s to counterbalance production. The world had achieved its object fa r above its hopes, and had a t t a ined to l imi ts far beyond those to which i t had aspired: and now as a glorious resul t it is faced with t h e problem of a fast-declining b i r t h - r a t e a s set against an enormously increas ing over-product ion.—The remedy has proved worse t h a n t h e supposed disease.

* * * * * The Case of Russia .

The present a t t i t u d e of Russia r ega rd ing divorce, appears in s t r i k ing con t ras t to i ts handling of t h e same question a few years ago. Dras t ic r e fo rms have been introduced into t h e laws regulating m a r r i a g e and divorce, initiated by decrees re-establ ishing the family a s the pivotal social unit and enforcing pa ren ta l responsibili ty for the care of children. They have realised the i r error of condemning paren ta l authori ty as a bourgeois not ion incompatible wi th t h e i r advanced communist doctr ine. As h a s a lways been the case when t h e s t a t e takes upon itself t h e usurped t a s k of deciding in morals , not being schooled in t h e a r t of following the golden mean wi thout viola t ing any of its principles, i t decides on extremes, and t h e evil is t h u s perpetuated. I t does not know t h e r igh t use and application of remedies . This late change in t he a t t i t ude of the Soviet towards divorce, shows that it ha s learnt t h r o u g h bi t ter experience, wha t i t could have learnt merely by l i s tening to the voice of t h a t a u t h o r i t y in morals—the Church. But t h e voice of the Church h a s ever remained for the world, t h e unheeded warning of a Cassandra . And when the state har realised its mis take , steeped in i ts conceited pr ide it cannot bring itself to acknowledge defeat.

* * * * * Precedents in His to ry .

While official spokesmen of the Soviet, i t appears , as a consequence of hav ing reaped t h e evil fruit of the i r lax and demoral is ing laws on divorce and free love, have begun u rg ing upon t h e people the ideal of pe rmanen t mar r i age , Lord, H e w a r t ' s advocacy of easier divorce laws for England in total d is regard of t h e precedent glaring example of the working of such a sys tem in Russia, once again seems to point to t h e fact t h a t however much his tory m a y be regarded as a s torehouse of precedents from whose inexhaust ib le collection one may d r a w examples for guidance.

I t h a t s torehouse of precedents is | bu t an empty name , or is consi-| dered as a disused barn into which [ happenings a r e re legated and kept i a s happv or woeful memories, and

as memories only. W e do not seem to relish t he idea of learning from

I t he experience of o thers .

11 SEA APOSTOLATE INTER-1

NATIONAL CONGRESS. G O S P E L DIOCESE OF MALACCA.

IMPORTANT ASSEMBLY A T LONDON.

Delegates t r o m t h e Argen t ine , Australia, Belgium, Canada, £ n g -lang, F rance , Germany, Holland, Ireland, I ta ly , Poland, Scotland, Spain and Wales, a t tended t h e Sea Apostolate In ternat ional Congress held in London, October 4 th-7 th , under t h e Presidency of Mgr. Hinsley, Archbishop of W e s t m i n s ter. The Congress opened wi th a Reception a t Archbishop 's House, where Mgr . Hinsley in welcoming the Delegates, spoke of his personal experience of the ne^d for Sea Apostolate work when voyaging as Apostolic Delegate in Africa. A t t h e Conferences held in St. P e t e r ' s Hall t he chief subjects of discussion centered- round the problem of having more Por t Chaplains, and Ins t i tu tes for Catholic Sea fa re r s with auxi l iary lay service. Mrs . C. C. Mart indale , J. G. Welsch, A. Van Vliet , Ivor Daniel, H . A. Reinhold, A. L. Mounier, E u t r o p e Chardayoise, M. §j Jean Raynaud , and Miss C. M . r a

Buckley, took p a r t in these discussions, a n d it was decided to send a petit ion to Rome with a view *o securing whole-t ime Por t Chaplains in all t h e g r e a t Por t s . There was an ag reemen t also t ^ a t special efforts should be made :o infuse a s t ronge r Catholic Actionist sp i r ' t in all Sea Apostola te Workers , primarily a m o n g s t the Seafare rs themselves , by means of R e t r e a t s and Conferences. The ins t i tu t ion of a league for Perpetual Communion and for Masses for Seafarers , living a n d dead, was advocated by

"Abbe Mounier , Bordeaux. The organis ing of special services for women Seafa re r s was dealt wi th by the Apostola te Maris Delegates from Genoa, a t which P o r t t h i s special work has i t s most complete development, t h rough t h e cooperation of t h e Protezlone della Giovane. ..

The Apost leship of t h e Sea Council which organised th i s Con gress r ep re sen t s all organisat ions engaged in work for Seafare rs within t h e Catholic Church, covering 250 P o r t s wi th i ts co-ordinating and organis ing services from its London Headquar te r s . The Organising Secre ta ry s ta ted in his report t h a t a t t h e Sea Apostolate Centres over 300,000 S e a f a r e r receive service each year.

The Archb i shop presided over a large g a t h e r i n g in the Queen's Hall and in his opening address . Mgr. Hins ley thanked the b ig shipping Companies for the rel igious facilities wrhich t hey had provided on the i r ships , b u t asked t h e m to recognise t h e r i g h t of t h e h u m blest s eaman to approach a t rave l ling p r i es t in wha tever p a r t of t h e ship he w a s , a s readily as he could approach t h e ship ' s doctor.

Mr. G. K. Chester ton, F r s . Vincent McNabb, O.P. and C. C. Mart indale, S.J. Many Seamen— including a la rge body of Goans from P o r t u g u e s e India, Members of t h e Diplomatic Corps, Clergy and d is t inguished laity a t tended the Rally. T h e Grail Choir of 200 soned before the i r voices led t h e Audience in an irr- The Delegates were pressive m a s s render ing of th^ " C R E D O . " Mr. G. K. Ches ter ton in a charac te r i s t i c address referred to t h e qu i t e special needs of t he Seafarer, who could not well be m-1 gress w a s eluded in a n y Dis t r ibut i s t p re - j RM.M.V. gramme, owning his " t h r e e acr^s ! where a complimentary Tea was and a s h a r k . " The Congress D e - ; given by t h e Chairman and Direc-

for T H E LAST SUNDAY A F T E R PENTECOST.

(Ma t t . XXIV, 15-35). A t t h a t t ime, Je sus said to his disciples, When you shall see

the abominat ion of desolation which w a s spoken of by Daniel t h e prophet, s tanding in t h e holy place ( h e t h a t readeth , let him unde r s t and ) , then they t h a t a re in Judaea , let t h e m flee to the mounta ins ; and he tha t is on t h e house-top, let h im not come down to take a n y th ing out of h i s house ; and h e t h a t is in the field, let him not go back to take his coat . And woe to them t h a t a re with child, and t h a t give suck, in those days . Bu t p ray t h a t your flight be not in t he winter , or on the s a b b a t h : for t h e r e shall be then g rea t t r i bulation, such as ha th not been f rom t h e beginning of t h e world until now, nei ther shall b e : and unless these days had been shortened, no flesh should be saved; but for t he sake of the elect, those days shall be shortened. Then if any man shall say to you, Lo, here is Chr is t , or the re ; do not believe h i m : for the re shall a r i se false Chr i s t s and false prophets , and shall show grea t s igns and wonders, insomuch as t o deceive (if possible) even the elect. Behold, I have told it to you beforehand: if therefore they shall say to you, Behold he is in t h e desert , go ye not o u t ; Behold he is in the closets, believe it no t . For a s l igh tn ing cometh out of the eas t , and appea re th even into the west, so shall also t h e coming of t he Son of m a n be. Wheresoever t he body shall be there shall t h e eagles also be gathered toge ther . And immediate ly af ter the tr ibulation of those days, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give h e r light, and t h e s t a r s shall fall from heaven, and t h e powers of heaven shall be moved; and then shall appear the s ign of the Son of man in heaven, and then shall all t h e t r ibes of t h e ea r th mourn; and they shall see t he Son of m a n coming in the clouds of heaven wi th much power and m a j e s t y ; and he shall send his angels with a t rumpe t and a g rea t voice, and t h e y shall g a t h e r toge ther his elect from the four winds, from t h e f a r thes t p a r t s of heaven to t h e utmost bounds of them. And from t h e fig-tree learn a pa rab le : when t h e branch thereof is now tender , and t h e leaves come for th , you know t h a t summer is n igh. So you also, when you shall see all t he se th ings , know ye t h a t i t is n igh even a t t he doors. Amen, I say to you, t ha t th is genera t ion shall not pass till all these t h i n gs be done. Heaven and e a r t h shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.

COMMENTARY.

Calendar for the week.

This Gospel contains t w o prophecies: t h e destruction of t h e city of Je rusa lem and t h e final dissolution of t h e universe. Le t us read it aga in and point ou t t h e signs which were to accompany each fact in part icular .

The destruct ion of Je rusa lem.

Jesus mentioned false prophets and false Chr is ts who were to come upon Judaea. He spoke of wars, of persecutions. He repor t ed the abominat ion of desolation of Daniel a s the closest s ign to t h e destruction of the city and temple. His to ry bears tes t imony to the fulfilment of these prophecies. False p rophe ts indeed t r ied to seduce t h e multi tudes. One of them, Teudas by name, succeeded in convincing the mul t i tudes t h a t he was a new Moses, dest ined by the Almighty to work wonders among h i s people. H e brought the mul t i tudes one day to the J o r d a n ; and everyone was expecting t h a t the r ive r would obey t h e prophet 's command, opening i t s wraves in a road, like tha t of t h e Red Sea Another false p rophe t brought to t h e desert 30,000 J ews . Simon Magus was counterbalancing the miracles of the Apost les .

The whole world was then a t war . Rome had to cope with revolutions all along t h e frontiers of i ts vas t empire. And finally t h e abomination of desolation took place when

legates visi ted t he Tower of London, and p raye r s were said in t h e Dungeon where St . Thomas More and St. J o h n Fisher were impri-

Mar ty rdom. received a t

the Mansion House, a n d af ter a complimentary lunch, visi ted t h e Catholic Seamen's Home. The concluding function of t h e Con-

held on board t n e Highland Chief ta in ,"

I to rs of the Royal Mail Line. The I Cha i rman of the Sea Apostolate

In te rna t iona l Council, Vice Admiral R. A. Hornell, D.S.O, was a t t h e las t moment unable to a t tend t h e Congress owing to illness, and Mgr. Canon Hall, Hull, acted as Cha i rman a t t h e Conferences and Council Meet ings. Mgr. Myers Bishop of L a m u s was Celebrant of Pontifical Mass a t Wes tmins te r Cathedra l , a t which t h e Polish Ambassador and t h e Ir ish F r e e S t a t e High Commissioner were

November 24. Sunday—24 ( L a s t ) Sunday after Pentecost . Mass and Vespers of t h e Sunday.

November 25. Monday — St. Cather ine of Alexandria , V. and M.

Tuesday—St . Sil-

Wednesday—Of

Thursday—Of t h e

November 26. vester , Abb.

g November 27. Jg t h e Fer ia . [I November 28. S Fer ia .

November 29. Fr iday—Virgi l of St. Andrew, t h e Apostle.

November 30. Sa tu rday— St. Andrew, The Apostle.

DIOCESE OF MACAO.

CHURCH OF ST. J O S E P H .

Calendar for t he week.

sacrileges were freely pract ised in t h e Holy Temple of God. The disciples of Chr is t saw all t hese s igns and, r emember ing the words of t h e i r Master , warned t h e Christ i ans . Je rusa lem's fa te was doomed for ever. The first siege, under Cest ius, governor of Syria, was j u s t t h e beginning of i ts fall. And Josephus tells us in t h e most realist ic t e r m s t h a t Jesus ' words were fulfilled to t h e letter.

The end of t he World. The second p a r t of to-day's gos

pel refers to t h e end of th*. world. The signs a re not so many as in t h e fall of Jerusalem.

The re will be universal seduction of mankind by evil influences, t h e r e will be signs in t h e s t a r s , and lastly t h e Cross of the Son of Man appear ing in t he clouds. I t will be the eve of the Las t Day of t h i s universe. "When you shall see all these th ings , know ye t h a t it is nigh, even a t the doors."

Wi th th is t hough t t he Church ends i ts year . The Gospel reminds us of t he dissolution of th i s universe . The epistle points out to us our goal, which is heaven. St. Paul asks us to give thanks to God t h e F a t h e r who has made us wor thy to be pa r takers of t h e lot of t h e Saints in light.

Let us, therefore, look a t heaven, t h rough the mist and gloom of t h e last day of t he world, cer ta in t h a t "if we a re faithful unto death , w.e shall receive the crown of life."

! November 24. Sunday—Twenty fourth and last Sunday af ter Pentecost . Semi-double. Green ves tments . P roper of t h e Mass in t h e fSmal l Missal" p . 235. Second collect of St. John of t h e Cross, th i rd for t h e Pope. Vespers of the Sunday a t 5 p.m. Pre l iminary general mee t ing of t he Members of t h e Sodali ty of Our Lady of F a t i m a a t 4 p.m.

j November 25. Monday — St. Catherine, V.M. Double.

I November 26. T u e s d a y — S t . Silvester , abbot. Double.

| November 27. Wednesday—Bl. Leonard Kimura and Comp. Mar ty r s . Double.

I November 28. Thursday—Of the feria. Simple.

November 29. Fr iday.—Of the feria. Vigil of St . Andrew. Simple Abstinence. Evening service at Er-30.

November 30. Sa tu rday — St. Andrew, Apostle. Double 2nd cl.

CATHOLIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHINA YEAR BOOK.

Shanghai .—The 17th edition, j u s t recently issued, of t h e China Year Book contains an art icle on Catholic Missions in China by F a t h e r Paschal d'Elia, S.J. and ano ther on the Climate of China by F a t h e r E rnes t Gherzi, S.J., Directo r of t h e Meteorological and Seis-mological Observatory a t Zikawei. F a t h e r d'Elia 's contr ibut ion is supplemented by a chronological table of impor tan t da tes and a conspectus of t h e latest s ta t i s t ics .

An impor tan t innovation in the present edition is t h e l is t ing of the Chinese Bishops a m o n g t h e principal personali t ies of t h e Republic. A shor t biography of each Bishop

is given. The China Year Book, a valuable

source book of informat ion on China, is edited in Shangha i by Mr. H. G. W. Woodhead, C.B.E.

[Lumen-Fides . ]

•present. Fr . Mar t indale in his (sermon spoke of t h e nee3 for fur-j the r development of Catholic Sea Action in all countr ies . Amongs t those a t t end ing t h e Congress in addition to the official Delegates were—The Minis ter of N o r w a y : Count Raczynski , Ambassador for Poland: Senhor Ruy Ennes

lUlrich, Ambassador for P o r t u g a l : land represen ta t ives of t h e Embassies and Legat ions of China, I taly, Germany, Switzerland, Fin

l a n d , L i thuan ia and Turkey.

12

CUSTOMARY GENEVA MASS FOR DELEGATES.

A N G U I S H FILLS T H E AIR. ( B y M.

P a r i s . — E v e r y yea r since t h e founding of t h e League of N a t i o n s , Catholic de lega tes have assembled a t some t i m e in t h e course of t h e sessions fo r a so lemn Mass , a r r a n g ed by t h e Cathol ic Circle of Geneva, t o a s k for t h e blessing of God on t h e work of t h e League .

Th i s y e a r t h e service w a s held in an a t m o s p h e r e charged w i th angu ish a n d anx ie ty . T h e ea rnes t ne s s of t hose p resen t a n d t h e fervour of t h e i r p r a y e r s we re only increased, however , by t h e p re sen t s i tua t ion .

T h e s e rmon by Canon Char r i e re , d i rec tor of t h e G r a n d S e m i n a r y of F r i b o u r g h conta ined a p r e sen t a t ion, by m e a n s of h i s t o r y and doct r ine , of t h e r e g a r d which Catholics a lways h a d for in s t i t u t ions which c a n c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e safeg u a r d i n g of world peace.

The Mos t Rev. Mario Besson, | Bishop of L a u s a n n e , Geneva and F r ibou rg , pontificated. T h e p re s ident of t h e Council of t h e L e a g u e of Na t ions , t h e A r g e n t i n e j u r i s t , Ruiz Guinazu, occupied a p rominen t place in t h e congregat ion , and sea ted n e a r b y we re t h e P r e s i d e n t of t h e I r i s h F r e e S t a t e , F a m o n de Valera , a n d t h e en t i re I r i sh delega t ion .

No tab les A t t end . O t h e r s p r e sen t included t h e

Belgian Min i s t e r of S ta t e , Ca r ton de W i a r t ; P r incess S t a r h e m b e r g , s u b s t i t u t e de lega te from A u s t r i a ; t h e fo rmer p res iden t of t h e Council, M. Reu te r , of L u x e m b o u r g ; Countess Apponyi , H u n g a r i a n deleg a t e ; Kare l Trpak , general secret a r y of t h e Czecholovakian delegat ion ; M. Piloti , general s ec re t a ry of t h e League of N a t i o n s ; Mme. de S teenberghe , p res ident of t h e In te rna t iona l Fede ra t ion of t h e League of Catholic W o m e n ; t h e Consul Genera l of F r a n c e ; m e m ber s of t h e F rench , P o r t u g u e s e , Dutch , Span i sh , Polish and Br i t i sh delegat ions , and Michael F r a n c i s Doyle, of Phi ladelphia , a m e m b e r of t h e Cathol ic Associat ion for In t e rna t iona l Peace .

T h e S w i a s G o y e t s u n e a t w a s officially r e p r e s e n t e d W I t s de lega te t o t h e League , Will iam Rappa rd . T h e canonal and municipal governm e n t s of Geneva also we re r e p re sen t ed .

Fol lowing t h e Mass , Bishop Besson held a recept ion a t t h e N o t r e D a m e p r e s b y t e r y a t which h e com-l imented P r e s i d e n t de Valera , t h e P re s iden t of t h e League Council, Senor Guinazu, and t h e o t h e r d ign i ta r ies who par t ic ipa ted in t h e service.

I n h i s se rmon , Canon C h a r r i e r e s a i d :

" A g r e a t hope w a s born w i t h t h e League of N a t i o n s Today t h e a t m o s p h e r e is qu i t e different. T h e League of N a t i o n s is pass ing t h r o u g h a cr is is f rom which m a n y a r e wonder ing w h e t h e r i t will r e cover. I t is t h e momen t when those w h o have never unders tood t h e i m p o r t of t h e in te rna t iona l effort a n d h a v e come he re a s cr i t ics r a t h e r t h a n fr iends, a r e r a i s ing t h e i r voices to predict t h e approach ing end of t h e Geneva organizat ions . T hos e who , in sp i te of crit i c i sm a n d s a r c a s m , cont inue the i r i n t e r e s t in t h e wracked ins t i tu t ion , dese rve in t h e s $ d a y s of t r i a l more p ra i se t h a n in t h e g l o r i o u s h o u r s of i t s b i r t h . W e do not s a y : 'Desp i t e i t s imper fec t ions t h e in t e rna -

Massini.) t ional effort ough t t o be suppor ted / We d a r e to say 'Because of i t s deficiencies i t ough t to be encouraged, no t so t h a t t h e organizat ion may r ema in where i t is, bu t so t h a t more a n d more i t will be purified of wha t t h e r e h a s been of Utopian ism and imprudence, a s well a s vani ty and a r rogance . "

F igh t F o r F i r e . "When a ca ravan is cross ing t h e

deser t and n igh t falls, a g r e a t fire is k indled," he went on. ' T h e men g a t h e r a round i t . Before t ak ing t h e i r repose, t h e y contemplate t h i s flame which will protect them aga ins t prowlers . They open the i r eyes wide to let t h e w a r m t h of t h e a rden t fire pene t r a t e t hem. But w h e n t h e fire begins t o die down and t h e flame flickers, instead of w i thd rawing each to h i s t en t a s one would a t t h e end of a spectacle, the m e n come forward, eagerly, t o fight for t h e fire which t h e y a r e t r y i n g t o main ta in . They want t o do e v e r y t h i n g possible, because they realize t h a t i t is t he i r fa te t h a t is a t s take .

"So i t is wi th in ternat ional effort . In t h e wide expanse of t h e world, t h e Geneva organisms a re viewed as a protection, as a g u a r a n t e e of order. T h e g r e a t flame t h a t we marveled a t he re some y e a r s ago has lost i t s v igour ; is i t go ing to d i sappear? All those w h o have a sense of res pons ib i l i ty , all those w h o realize t h a t a European conflagration will be . n o t h i n g o the r t h a n veri table suicide, refuse to ally themselves with indifferent and easy-going men w h o s tand by smil ing a t t h e war a g a i n s t war . "

Canon Char r ie re t h e n reviewed t h e indifference which every g rea t movement h a s encountered since t h e days of St . Paul , who "did not lack t imorous disciples fea r ing t h a t t h e Church was commi t t ing suicide in separa t ing f rom t h e synagogue ." He spoke of t h e Church ' s admirable efforts for peace, including t h e "Truce of God," a n d t h e var ious ac ts and pronouncements of t h e Holy See. "Chr i s t i an i ty , " h e said, " is a leaven of divine n a t u r e t h rown into t h e h u m a n mass which i t mus t t r a n s f o r m l i t t le by l i t t l e . . . . a s a leaven i t pene t r a t e s t he mass wi th vigour , bu t t h e bes t of leaven requi res t ime to accomplish i t s work fully The g r e a t evil of our t i m e is not so much t h a t men a re ignoran t , i t is t h a t so m a n y of t hem w h o see clearly do not da re t o ac t We have too m a n y t imid Chr i s t i ans who a r e like insipid sal t and who , by t he i r iner t ia , bind t h e hands a n d feet of P e t e r . "

League Yet F rag i l e . Reviewing t h e g r e a t length of

t ime requ i red to effect t h e "Truce of God," t h e wiping out of slavery, t he elevation of woman to h e r place of digni ty, and o the r social benefits. Canon Cha r r i e r e declared t h a t i t is not surpr i s ing t h a t af ter less t h a n 20 y e a r s ' exis tence t h e League m i g h t ye t be fracrile.

"We have need of pat ience a s well a s cou rage" Canon Char r i e r e added, " j u s t a s we h a v e need also of a clear and concise vision of wha t t h e new e ra demands . Having en te red upon a new age, let us fix o u r eyes upon t h e g rea t m<m who h a v e fashioned t h e i r era and have impregna ted it w i th Chr ist ian l i fe : Gregory t h e Great ,

During illness and convalescenc

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LEAGUE UNION URGES BRITAIN TO MAKE PLEA FOR RELIGIOUS LIBERTY

London.—The General Council of t h e League of N a t i o n s Union h a s adopted a resolut ion calling upon t h e Br i t i sh Government to seek t o s top religious intolerance abroad. The ground given is t h a t t h e denial of religious l iber ty and freedom of educat ion c rea tes a ser ious h indrance to good internat ional re la t ions .

"The General Council," t h e reso-lut ion s t a t e s , "believing . that t he

send ing his Monks t o t h e conquest of t h e Germanic and Anglo-Saxon w o r l d s : Alexander I I I ; Innocent I I I , s t rugg l ing for t h e l iber ty of t h e Church, t h e uni ty of mar r i age , t h e organizat ion of peace. Let us follow t h e example and t h e direct ions of ou r g r e a t Pontiff P ius XI, impell ing t h e spir i tual conques t of t h e en t i re world, a n d s t r iv ing to de tach t h e Church f rom all purely h u m a n contingencies in order to p ro tec t h e r from compromise in t h e ru in of t h a t which is perishable. While t u r n i n g our eyes t o t h e past which our f a the r s made , to the fu tu re which we awai t , le t us take in to account t h a t our presence h e r e is not only useful b u t necess a r y .

"L ike t h e builder of ca thedra ls who, in placing one s tone upon the o the r , knew t h a t h i s work would r ema in obscure, drowned in the immens i ty of t h e whole, b u r also knew t h a t h i s work was essential t o t h e suppor t of t h e h igh towers a n d delicate arches, let u s accomplish our effort modestly, let us pay no a t t en t ion to t h e sceptics and t h e mockers , let us go forward like t h e shepherds who, hear ing t h e angelic voices announce peace to suffering humani ty , has tened to receive the i r commands from the cr ib a t Bethlehem." (N.C.W.C.)

problems of peace and disarmam e n t a r e essential ly spiritual in t h e i r character , welcomes the work which h a s been car r ied out recently in m a n y p a r t s of Grea t Britain, deeply apprecia tes t h e support of t h e Chris t ian Churches for the cause of peace, and begs them to cont inue and ex tend the i r efforts t o b r ing to all Chr i s t i an citizens a full realization of t he i r great responsibil i ty for t h e welfare of the world.

" T h e General Council is concerned about t h e rel igious intolerance a t p resen t shown in certain count r ies , believes t h a t a n y governm e n t which denies t o i ts subjects t h e free exercise of religious pract ice and teach ing c rea tes a serious h indrance to good international re la t ions , r eques t s His Majesty's Government to t a k e any steps it t h i n k s possible w h e t h e r by private represen ta t ions o r by public action a t Geneva or e l sewhere to influence such governments t o g ran t religious freedom." (N.C.W.C.)

10,000TH B A B Y BORN AT CATHOLIC HOSPITAL.

Chicago.—Baby George Francis O'Dowd, born a t Lewis Memorial Ma te rn i t y hospi tal las t n ight will receive $1000 a s t h e 10,000th babv born in t he hospi tal since His Eminence George Cardinal Mundelein, Archbishop of Chicago, and F . J. Lewis founded i t in J a n u a r y , 1931. T h e infant was named by his par e n t s , Mr. and Mrs . Alber t O'Dowd, for t h e Cardinal and Mr. Lewis.

O t h e r gifts t o t h e new baby included a baby ca r r i age by Mrs. M a r g a r e t Eppig , s i s te r of the Cardinal and a wardrobe by Mayor and Mrs . E d w a r d Kelly. The fat h e r is a s t ree t car motorman. (N.C.W.C.)

MALAYA CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY,23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 13

I Our Short Story I P O O O O B O

CHILDREN OF THE MOTHER - CHURCH

By blooming vines and ve rdan t fields, th rough wooded valley and carefully tilled plains, t h e r iver hurried wi th soft, swirl ing moan to the dis tant sea. On i ts bank lay the dead and t h e dying, t h e tried and t h e t r u e , whilst t he sullen roar of t h e cannon and t h e singing of t h e shrapnel t h rough the summer a i r told the ba t t le was not yet done.

A detachment of Zouaves, wi th a wild huzza, made for t h e cres t of a neighbouring hill. A li t t le French pioupiou lying prone on t h e green sward, a s t r e a m of red t r ickling down his tunic , rose on his elbow to cheer t h e m on.

The air seemed alive wi th tense , passionate exci tement , t h e t read of hurrying feet echoed th rough t h e neighbouring wood, and t h e soft summer breeze bore on i ts wings the ebb and flow of bat t le .

A Uhlan, a Bavar ian by b i r th , lay clasping wi th bleeding h a n d s a riffle, his whi te set face t u rned to the foe. He had fought well and bravely for t h e Fa the r l and tha t he loved b e t t e r t han life, and with failing b r e a t h he cried, "God send us victory to-day."

An Ir ish gua rdsman , ly ing pale and ghas t ly a m o n g t h e fe rns , moaned uneasily and opened a pa i r of grey-blue eyes . He t r ied to move, but t h e once s t rong y o u n g arm dropped helplessly by his side, and an expression of intense pain crossed his whi te brow, where a brown curl, s a tu r a t ed wi th blood, rested.

"You a r e badly wounded, comrade," cried t h e pioupiou by h i s side, in F rench .

The I r i shman ' s grey-blue eyes looked appealingly in to t h e F renchman's dark face.

"Ah, he does not unders tand ," the little pioupiou cried pe tu l an t ly ; "but he is I r i sh , I know by t h e green on his uni form."

"My rosa ry beads , " t h e g u a r d s man said, a r ed spot bu rn ing on his pale cheek.

"Ah, oui," t h e F renchman r e turned, wi th a nod of comprehension, and t h r u s t i n g his hand in to the pocket of t h e I r i shman ' s uniform, he drew f o r t h a pearl r o sa ry and, kissing i t reverent ly, h e placed it in t h e l imp hands of h is comrade.

"We a r e children of t he one Holy Church, m y bro the r , " t h e Frenchman said in broken Engl i sh .

"And I, too , " murmured t h e Bavarian in indifferent F rench , t h e tense expression on his whi te se t face relaxing. " I , too, a m a child of the Holy Catholic Church ," and he drew for th a brown rosa ry .

"Let us p r a y together , brothers , " suggested t h e F renchman , "and ask God's grace and blessing in our dire d i s t r e s s . "

Three voices, weak from suffering, rose solemnly amid t h e din of battle in t h e beautiful words of the Hail Mary, calling on the i r heavenly Mother for ass is tance in the throes of dea th . Ah, dea th was so near now, t h a t the ga tes of their Heavenly Home seemed almost a ja r and t h e l ight of a n o t h e r world to flood t h e i r souls.

"Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and a t t he hour of our dea th . Amen."

How often, ah , how often, in days t h a t were past , t h e y had recited those tender w o r d s !

The Frenchman was in spirit again before a little wayside shr ine in Picardy, and wi th h im was his curly-haired cherub child, Pierre , who lisped the same words softly, and t hen with t iny h a n d blessed himself reverently, j u s t a s every Catholic—man, woman, and child —does, t he world over, when prayer is done.

And Fr i tz , the Bavar ian , he, too, is a t home amid his fores t s of fir and pine in a far-away valley. He is l is tening to his mo the r ' s voice as she recites t h e Rosa ry in t h e evening twilight, and h e hea r s his f a the r ' s fervent responses mingled

O N E Y E A R TO L I V E . If I had but one year to live; One year to help one year to give; One year to love; one year to bless; One year the better thanks to stress. One year to sing; one year to smile; To brighten earth a little while. One year to sing my Maker's praise. One yean to fill with work my days; One year to strive for a reward When I should stand before my Lord. I think that I should spend each day, In just the very self-same way. That I do now, for from afar. The call may come to cross the bar. At any time and I must be Prepared to meet eternity. So if I have a year to live, Or just one day in which to give

A pleasant smile, a helping hand, A mind that tries to understand A fellow creature when in need 9Tis one with me—I take no heed, But try to live each day He sends, To serve my gracious Master's ends.

( B Y M I S S K A T I E M C G O V E R N )

V J

with t h e gent ler tones of h is br ight-eyed little s is ter , t h e companion and p laymate of h is boyhood years .

The guardsman ' s t h o u g h t s have travelled to his fa r -d is tan t island home, showing green in t h e surf-cres ted ocean. He is back again in t h e little wayside chapel wi th his young bride by his side. She glances up half-shyly a t h im with he r deep purple eyes, and h e knows he is he r world, and all. A h ! t h e cruel par t ing . They h a d grown up side by side in t he same wild glen, t hey had been baptised in t h e same village chapel, made the i r F i r s t Communion a t t h e same a l t a r rai ls .

H e knew his Maureen would be in t h a t same chapel now, praying for h im in t he evening stillness before t h e tabernacle door—praying t h a t God migh t bless and protect he r b ig boy, Shawn, whilst , ever and anon, he r Rosa ry passed th rough he r slim f ingers ; j u s t as Fr i t z ' s mother in the German valley interceded for h i m ; and Jacques ' wife and small boy begged God's blessing on t he i r dear one.

H a t e as g rea t nat ions will, t hey a re incapable of sever ing t h e bonds of cha r i ty and love forged by t h e j grea t Mother-Church. These liege-

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men of t h e m i g h t y wa r r i ng powers t h a t s t ruggle un to dea th for weal th and wordly aggrand isement a re b ro the r s of J e s u s Chr is t , united by t h e same p r a y e r s and sacraments to t h e H e a r t of the Mas te r Who died, poor, lonely, and deserted, for all mankind on Calvary 's he ights .

A quiver of pa in contracted t h e gua rdsman ' s pallid fea tures . "Mot h e r of God, and my Mother , too, if t h i s be dea th , t a k e m e swiftly home t o t h e g r e a t loving H e a r t of t h y Divine Son," h e gasped. "God's holy Will be done, for we a r e not children of t h i s world, b u t of a world to come. Mother of mercy, d ry m y Maureen ' s t ea r s , and br ing he r consolation."

" Amen , " said the l i t t le pioupiou in t remulous tones .

The poplars rust led in t h e evening breeze as a l a rk soared on h igh wi th wild notes of melody; t h e combat had ceased, and smoke-begrimed columns re t i red slowly to the i r respect ive t r e n c h e s ; t h e sett i n g sun poured i t s golden r a y s on t h e blood-stained battlefield, and t h e r ive r swirled softly on t o t h e d i s t an t sea.

The tense expression of suffering relaxed on t h e y o u n g guards man ' s pale face, and t h e l ight of del ir ium shone in h i s grey-blue eyes. "Maureen, Maureen, do you hea r t h e blackbirds s inging in Brackna Glen and Bredha ' s s t r eam dash ing down b y t h e mi l l ? " he cried. "Maureen, Maureen, we will never p a r t again, all t h e sad, weary wai t ing is over, a s thore machree . "

" Ah le b r ave , " cried t h e pioupiou, "he is d reaming h e is in his beloved Ireland. Au revoir, comrade, you a r e going to God and

your t r u e pa t r ie , Heaven, where I hope t o meet you."

The Bavar ian raised himself slowly, and wi th all t h e gentleness of a woman he smoothed back from t h e I r i shman ' s brow t h e dark brown curls . "My poor friend," he said, ra i s ing t h e crucifix t o t he gua rdsman ' s pale lips. "My poor fr iend," h e m u r m u r e d again, "may God comfort your Maureen ."

A s t r ange mis t , t h e mist of death , rosf before t h e Uhlan 's vision, and wi th a heavy sigh he laid down his t i red painracked head before his beloved rifle. He gave t h e li t t le pioupiou a friendly farewell smile. "We shall mee t in Heaven," he said brokenly.

"Oui , " re turned t h e F renchman softly, "where t he re is no sorrow, or suffering, or b i t t e r s t r i fe . " And once again t h e p rayer—"Holy Mary, Mother of God, p r a y for us s inners , now and a t t h e hour of our dea th . A m e n " — r o s e on t h e s igh ing breeze; but only two voices joined in i t—the I r i shman was silent for ever!

T h e last r ays of t h e se t t ing sun l ingered on vineyard and mounta in slope, and t h e s a m e golden l ight filtered into t h e l i t t le village chapel where Maureen p rayed "God g u a r d and protect m y Shawn," and in to a cot tage in t h e Ge rman valley w h e r e a mother whispered softty, "Sweet Hear t of Jesus , shield my boy, Fr i tz , in t h e s t r i f e ; bu t if i t is T h y blessed Will t o t ake him home, give him t h e g race to die well ." And t h a t s ame breeze kissed t h e pale face of a young wife and a curly-haired child who mur m u r e d the i r evening Rosa ry for a little pioupiou f a r a w a y .

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12

CUSTOMARY GENEVA MASS FOR DELEGATES.

A N G U I S H FILLS T H E AIR. ( B y M.

P a r i s . — E v e r y yea r since t h e founding of t h e League of N a t i o n s , Catholic de lega tes have assembled a t some t i m e in t h e course of t h e sessions fo r a so lemn Mass , a r r a n g ed by t h e Cathol ic Circle of Geneva, t o a s k for t h e blessing of God on t h e work of t h e League .

Th i s y e a r t h e service w a s held in an a t m o s p h e r e charged w i th angu ish a n d anx ie ty . T h e ea rnes t ne s s of t hose p resen t a n d t h e fervour of t h e i r p r a y e r s we re only increased, however , by t h e p re sen t s i tua t ion .

T h e s e rmon by Canon Char r i e re , d i rec tor of t h e G r a n d S e m i n a r y of F r i b o u r g h conta ined a p r e sen t a t ion, by m e a n s of h i s t o r y and doct r ine , of t h e r e g a r d which Catholics a lways h a d for in s t i t u t ions which c a n c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e safeg u a r d i n g of world peace.

The Mos t Rev. Mario Besson, | Bishop of L a u s a n n e , Geneva and F r ibou rg , pontificated. T h e p re s ident of t h e Council of t h e L e a g u e of Na t ions , t h e A r g e n t i n e j u r i s t , Ruiz Guinazu, occupied a p rominen t place in t h e congregat ion , and sea ted n e a r b y we re t h e P r e s i d e n t of t h e I r i s h F r e e S t a t e , F a m o n de Valera , a n d t h e en t i re I r i sh delega t ion .

No tab les A t t end . O t h e r s p r e sen t included t h e

Belgian Min i s t e r of S ta t e , Ca r ton de W i a r t ; P r incess S t a r h e m b e r g , s u b s t i t u t e de lega te from A u s t r i a ; t h e fo rmer p res iden t of t h e Council, M. Reu te r , of L u x e m b o u r g ; Countess Apponyi , H u n g a r i a n deleg a t e ; Kare l Trpak , general secret a r y of t h e Czecholovakian delegat ion ; M. Piloti , general s ec re t a ry of t h e League of N a t i o n s ; Mme. de S teenberghe , p res ident of t h e In te rna t iona l Fede ra t ion of t h e League of Catholic W o m e n ; t h e Consul Genera l of F r a n c e ; m e m ber s of t h e F rench , P o r t u g u e s e , Dutch , Span i sh , Polish and Br i t i sh delegat ions , and Michael F r a n c i s Doyle, of Phi ladelphia , a m e m b e r of t h e Cathol ic Associat ion for In t e rna t iona l Peace .

T h e S w i a s G o y e t s u n e a t w a s officially r e p r e s e n t e d W I t s de lega te t o t h e League , Will iam Rappa rd . T h e canonal and municipal governm e n t s of Geneva also we re r e p re sen t ed .

Fol lowing t h e Mass , Bishop Besson held a recept ion a t t h e N o t r e D a m e p r e s b y t e r y a t which h e com-l imented P r e s i d e n t de Valera , t h e P re s iden t of t h e League Council, Senor Guinazu, and t h e o t h e r d ign i ta r ies who par t ic ipa ted in t h e service.

I n h i s se rmon , Canon C h a r r i e r e s a i d :

" A g r e a t hope w a s born w i t h t h e League of N a t i o n s Today t h e a t m o s p h e r e is qu i t e different. T h e League of N a t i o n s is pass ing t h r o u g h a cr is is f rom which m a n y a r e wonder ing w h e t h e r i t will r e cover. I t is t h e momen t when those w h o have never unders tood t h e i m p o r t of t h e in te rna t iona l effort a n d h a v e come he re a s cr i t ics r a t h e r t h a n fr iends, a r e r a i s ing t h e i r voices to predict t h e approach ing end of t h e Geneva organizat ions . Those who , in sp i te of crit i c i sm a n d s a r c a s m , cont inue the i r i n t e r e s t in t h e wracked ins t i tu t ion , dese rve in t h e s $ d a y s of t r i a l more p ra i se t h a n in t h e g l o r i o u s h o u r s of i t s b i r t h . W e do not s a y : 'Desp i t e i t s imper fec t ions t h e in t e rna -

Massini.) t ional effort ough t t o be suppor ted / We d a r e to say 'Because of i t s deficiencies i t ough t to be encouraged, no t so t h a t t h e organizat ion may r ema in where i t is, bu t so t h a t more a n d more i t will be purified of wha t t h e r e h a s been of Utopian ism and imprudence, a s well a s vani ty and a r rogance . "

F igh t F o r F i r e . "When a ca ravan is cross ing t h e

deser t and n igh t falls, a g r e a t fire is k indled," he went on. ' T h e men g a t h e r a round i t . Before t ak ing t h e i r repose, t h e y contemplate t h i s flame which will protect them aga ins t prowlers . They open the i r eyes wide to let t h e w a r m t h of t h e a rden t fire pene t r a t e t hem. But w h e n t h e fire begins t o die down and t h e flame flickers, instead of w i thd rawing each to h i s t en t a s one would a t t h e end of a spectacle, the m e n come forward, eagerly, t o fight for t h e fire which t h e y a r e t r y i n g t o main ta in . They want t o do e v e r y t h i n g possible, because they realize t h a t i t is t he i r fa te t h a t is a t s take .

"So i t is wi th in ternat ional effort . In t h e wide expanse of t h e world, t h e Geneva organisms a re viewed as a protection, as a g u a r a n t e e of order. T h e g r e a t flame t h a t we marveled a t he re some y e a r s ago has lost i t s v igour ; is i t go ing to d i sappear? All those w h o have a sense of res pons ib i l i ty , all those w h o realize t h a t a European conflagration will be . n o t h i n g o the r t h a n veri table suicide, refuse to ally themselves with indifferent and easy-going men w h o s tand by smil ing a t t h e war a g a i n s t war . "

Canon Char r ie re t h e n reviewed t h e indifference which every g rea t movement h a s encountered since t h e days of St . Paul , who "did not lack t imorous disciples fea r ing t h a t t h e Church was commi t t ing suicide in separa t ing f rom t h e synagogue ." He spoke of t h e Church ' s admirable efforts for peace, including t h e "Truce of God," a n d t h e var ious ac ts and pronouncements of t h e Holy See. "Chr i s t i an i ty , " h e said, " is a leaven of divine n a t u r e t h rown into t h e h u m a n mass which i t mus t t r a n s f o r m l i t t le by l i t t l e . . . . a s a leaven i t pene t r a t e s t he mass wi th vigour , bu t t h e bes t of leaven requi res t ime to accomplish i t s work fully The g r e a t evil of our t i m e is not so much t h a t men a re ignoran t , i t is t h a t so m a n y of t hem w h o see clearly do not da re t o ac t We have too m a n y t imid Chr i s t i ans who a r e like insipid sal t and who , by t he i r iner t ia , bind t h e hands a n d feet of P e t e r . "

League Yet F rag i l e . Reviewing t h e g r e a t length of

t ime requ i red to effect t h e "Truce of God," t h e wiping out of slavery, t he elevation of woman to h e r place of digni ty, and o the r social benefits. Canon Cha r r i e r e declared t h a t i t is not surpr i s ing t h a t af ter less t h a n 20 y e a r s ' exis tence t h e League m i g h t ye t be fracrile.

"We have need of pat ience a s well a s cou rage" Canon Char r i e r e added, " j u s t a s we h a v e need also of a clear and concise vision of wha t t h e new e ra demands . Having en te red upon a new age, let us fix o u r eyes upon t h e g rea t m<m who h a v e fashioned t h e i r era and have impregna ted it w i th Chr ist ian l i fe : Gregory t h e Great ,

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LEAGUE UNION URGES BRITAIN TO MAKE PLEA FOR RELIGIOUS LIBERTY

London.—The General Council of t h e League of N a t i o n s Union h a s adopted a resolut ion calling upon t h e Br i t i sh Government to seek t o s top religious intolerance abroad. The ground given is t h a t t h e denial of religious l iber ty and freedom of educat ion c rea tes a ser ious h indrance to good internat ional re la t ions .

"The General Council," t h e reso-lut ion s t a t e s , "believing . that t he

send ing his Monks t o t h e conquest of t h e Germanic and Anglo-Saxon w o r l d s : Alexander I I I ; Innocent I I I , s t rugg l ing for t h e l iber ty of t h e Church, t h e uni ty of mar r i age , t h e organizat ion of peace. Let us follow t h e example and t h e direct ions of ou r g r e a t Pontiff P ius XI, impell ing t h e spir i tual conques t of t h e en t i re world, a n d s t r iv ing to de tach t h e Church f rom all purely h u m a n contingencies in order to p ro tec t h e r from compromise in t h e ru in of t h a t which is perishable. While t u r n i n g our eyes t o t h e past which our f a the r s made , to the fu tu re which we awai t , le t us take in to account t h a t our presence h e r e is not only useful b u t necess a r y .

"L ike t h e builder of ca thedra ls who, in placing one s tone upon the o the r , knew t h a t h i s work would r ema in obscure, drowned in the immens i ty of t h e whole, b u r also knew t h a t h i s work was essential t o t h e suppor t of t h e h igh towers a n d delicate arches, let u s accomplish our effort modestly, let us pay no a t t en t ion to t h e sceptics and t h e mockers , let us go forward like t h e shepherds who, hear ing t h e angelic voices announce peace to suffering humani ty , has tened to receive the i r commands from the cr ib a t Bethlehem." (N.C.W.C.)

problems of peace and disarmam e n t a r e essential ly spiritual in t h e i r character , welcomes the work which h a s been car r ied out recently in m a n y p a r t s of Grea t Britain, deeply apprecia tes t h e support of t h e Chris t ian Churches for the cause of peace, and begs them to cont inue and ex tend the i r efforts t o b r ing to all Chr i s t i an citizens a full realization of t he i r great responsibil i ty for t h e welfare of the world.

" T h e General Council is concerned about t h e rel igious intolerance a t p resen t shown in certain count r ies , believes t h a t a n y governm e n t which denies t o i ts subjects t h e free exercise of religious pract ice and teach ing c rea tes a serious h indrance to good international re la t ions , r eques t s His Majesty's Government to t a k e any steps it t h i n k s possible w h e t h e r by private represen ta t ions o r by public action a t Geneva or e l sewhere to influence such governments t o g ran t religious freedom." (N.C.W.C.)

10,000TH B A B Y BORN AT CATHOLIC HOSPITAL.

Chicago.—Baby George Francis O'Dowd, born a t Lewis Memorial Ma te rn i t y hospi tal las t n ight will receive $1000 a s t h e 10,000th babv born in t he hospi tal since His Eminence George Cardinal Mundelein, Archbishop of Chicago, and F . J. Lewis founded i t in J a n u a r y , 1931. T h e infant was named by his par e n t s , Mr. and Mrs . Alber t O'Dowd, for t h e Cardinal and Mr. Lewis.

O t h e r gifts t o t h e new baby included a baby ca r r i age by Mrs. M a r g a r e t Eppig , s i s te r of the Cardinal and a wardrobe by Mayor and Mrs . E d w a r d Kelly. The fat h e r is a s t ree t car motorman. (N.C.W.C.)

MALAYA CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY,23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 13

I Our Short Story I P O O O O B O

CHILDREN OF THE MOTHER - CHURCH

By blooming vines and ve rdan t fields, th rough wooded valley and carefully tilled plains, t h e r iver hurried wi th soft, swirl ing moan to the dis tant sea. On i ts bank lay the dead and t h e dying, t h e tried and t h e t r u e , whilst t he sullen roar of t h e cannon and t h e singing of t h e shrapnel t h rough the summer a i r told the ba t t le was not yet done.

A detachment of Zouaves, wi th a wild huzza, made for t h e cres t of a neighbouring hill. A li t t le French pioupiou lying prone on t h e green sward, a s t r e a m of red t r ickling down his tunic , rose on his elbow to cheer t h e m on.

The air seemed alive wi th tense , passionate exci tement , t h e t read of hurrying feet echoed th rough t h e neighbouring wood, and t h e soft summer breeze bore on i ts wings the ebb and flow of bat t le .

A Uhlan, a Bavar ian by b i r th , lay clasping wi th bleeding h a n d s a riffle, his whi te set face t u rned to the foe. He had fought well and bravely for t h e Fa the r l and tha t he loved b e t t e r t han life, and with failing b r e a t h he cried, "God send us victory to-day."

An Ir ish gua rdsman , ly ing pale and ghas t ly a m o n g t h e fe rns , moaned uneasily and opened a pa i r of grey-blue eyes . He t r ied to move, but t h e once s t rong y o u n g arm dropped helplessly by his side, and an expression of intense pain crossed his whi te brow, where a brown curl, s a tu r a t ed wi th blood, rested.

"You a r e badly wounded, comrade," cried t h e pioupiou by h i s side, in F rench .

The I r i shman ' s grey-blue eyes looked appealingly in to t h e F renchman's dark face.

"Ah, he does not unders tand ," the little pioupiou cried pe tu l an t ly ; "but he is I r i sh , I know by t h e green on his uni form."

"My rosa ry beads , " t h e g u a r d s man said, a r ed spot bu rn ing on his pale cheek.

"Ah, oui," t h e F renchman r e turned, wi th a nod of comprehension, and t h r u s t i n g his hand in to the pocket of t h e I r i shman ' s uniform, he drew f o r t h a pearl r o sa ry and, kissing i t reverent ly, h e placed it in t h e l imp hands of h is comrade.

"We a r e children of t he one Holy Church, m y bro the r , " t h e Frenchman said in broken Engl i sh .

"And I, too , " murmured t h e Bavarian in indifferent F rench , t h e tense expression on his whi te se t face relaxing. " I , too, a m a child of the Holy Catholic Church ," and he drew for th a brown rosa ry .

"Let us p r a y together , brothers , " suggested t h e F renchman , "and ask God's grace and blessing in our dire d i s t r e s s . "

Three voices, weak from suffering, rose solemnly amid t h e din of battle in t h e beautiful words of the Hail Mary, calling on the i r heavenly Mother for ass is tance in the throes of dea th . Ah, dea th was so near now, t h a t the ga tes of their Heavenly Home seemed almost a ja r and t h e l ight of a n o t h e r world to flood t h e i r souls.

"Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and a t t he hour of our dea th . Amen."

How often, ah , how often, in days t h a t were past , t h e y had recited those tender w o r d s !

The Frenchman was in spirit again before a little wayside shr ine in Picardy, and wi th h im was his curly-haired cherub child, Pierre , who lisped the same words softly, and t hen with t iny h a n d blessed himself reverently, j u s t a s every Catholic—man, woman, and child —does, t he world over, when prayer is done.

And Fr i tz , the Bavar ian , he, too, is a t home amid his fores t s of fir and pine in a far-away valley. He is l is tening to his mo the r ' s voice as she recites t h e Rosa ry in t h e evening twilight, and h e hea r s his f a the r ' s fervent responses mingled

O N E Y E A R TO L I V E . If I had but one year to live; One year to help one year to give; One year to love; one year to bless; One year the better thanks to stress. One year to sing; one year to smile; To brighten earth a little while. One year to sing my Maker's praise. One yean to fill with work my days; One year to strive for a reward When I should stand before my Lord. I think that I should spend each day, In just the very self-same way. That I do now, for from afar. The call may come to cross the bar. At any time and I must be Prepared to meet eternity. So if I have a year to live, Or just one day in which to give

A pleasant smile, a helping hand, A mind that tries to understand A fellow creature when in need 9Tis one with me—I take no heed, But try to live each day He sends, To serve my gracious Master's ends.

( B Y M I S S K A T I E M C G O V E R N )

V J

with t h e gent ler tones of h is br ight-eyed little s is ter , t h e companion and p laymate of h is boyhood years .

The guardsman ' s t h o u g h t s have travelled to his fa r -d is tan t island home, showing green in t h e surf-cres ted ocean. He is back again in t h e little wayside chapel wi th his young bride by his side. She glances up half-shyly a t h im with he r deep purple eyes, and h e knows he is he r world, and all. A h ! t h e cruel par t ing . They h a d grown up side by side in t he same wild glen, t hey had been baptised in t h e same village chapel, made the i r F i r s t Communion a t t h e same a l t a r rai ls .

H e knew his Maureen would be in t h a t same chapel now, praying for h im in t he evening stillness before t h e tabernacle door—praying t h a t God migh t bless and protect he r b ig boy, Shawn, whilst , ever and anon, he r Rosa ry passed th rough he r slim f ingers ; j u s t as Fr i t z ' s mother in the German valley interceded for h i m ; and Jacques ' wife and small boy begged God's blessing on t he i r dear one.

H a t e as g rea t nat ions will, t hey a re incapable of sever ing t h e bonds of cha r i ty and love forged by t h e j grea t Mother-Church. These liege-

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men of t h e m i g h t y wa r r i ng powers t h a t s t ruggle un to dea th for weal th and wordly aggrand isement a re b ro the r s of J e s u s Chr is t , united by t h e same p r a y e r s and sacraments to t h e H e a r t of the Mas te r Who died, poor, lonely, and deserted, for all mankind on Calvary 's he ights .

A quiver of pa in contracted t h e gua rdsman ' s pallid fea tures . "Mot h e r of God, and my Mother , too, if t h i s be dea th , t a k e m e swiftly home t o t h e g r e a t loving H e a r t of t h y Divine Son," h e gasped. "God's holy Will be done, for we a r e not children of t h i s world, b u t of a world to come. Mother of mercy, d ry m y Maureen ' s t ea r s , and br ing he r consolation."

" Amen , " said the l i t t le pioupiou in t remulous tones .

The poplars rust led in t h e evening breeze as a l a rk soared on h igh wi th wild notes of melody; t h e combat had ceased, and smoke-begrimed columns re t i red slowly to the i r respect ive t r e n c h e s ; t h e sett i n g sun poured i t s golden r a y s on t h e blood-stained battlefield, and t h e r ive r swirled softly on t o t h e d i s t an t sea.

The tense expression of suffering relaxed on t h e y o u n g guards man ' s pale face, and t h e l ight of del ir ium shone in h i s grey-blue eyes. "Maureen, Maureen, do you hea r t h e blackbirds s inging in Brackna Glen and Bredha ' s s t r eam dash ing down b y t h e mi l l ? " he cried. "Maureen, Maureen, we will never p a r t again, all t h e sad, weary wai t ing is over, a s thore machree . "

" Ah le b r ave , " cried t h e pioupiou, "he is d reaming h e is in his beloved Ireland. Au revoir, comrade, you a r e going to God and

your t r u e pa t r ie , Heaven, where I hope t o meet you."

The Bavar ian raised himself slowly, and wi th all t h e gentleness of a woman he smoothed back from t h e I r i shman ' s brow t h e dark brown curls . "My poor friend," he said, ra i s ing t h e crucifix t o t he gua rdsman ' s pale lips. "My poor fr iend," h e m u r m u r e d again, "may God comfort your Maureen ."

A s t r ange mis t , t h e mist of death , rosf before t h e Uhlan 's vision, and wi th a heavy sigh he laid down his t i red painracked head before his beloved rifle. He gave t h e li t t le pioupiou a friendly farewell smile. "We shall mee t in Heaven," he said brokenly.

"Oui , " re turned t h e F renchman softly, "where t he re is no sorrow, or suffering, or b i t t e r s t r i fe . " And once again t h e p rayer—"Holy Mary, Mother of God, p r a y for us s inners , now and a t t h e hour of our dea th . A m e n " — r o s e on t h e s igh ing breeze; but only two voices joined in i t—the I r i shman was silent for ever!

T h e last r ays of t h e se t t ing sun l ingered on vineyard and mounta in slope, and t h e s a m e golden l ight filtered into t h e l i t t le village chapel where Maureen p rayed "God g u a r d and protect m y Shawn," and in to a cot tage in t h e Ge rman valley w h e r e a mother whispered softty, "Sweet Hear t of Jesus , shield my boy, Fr i tz , in t h e s t r i f e ; bu t if i t is T h y blessed Will t o t ake him home, give him t h e g race to die well ." And t h a t s ame breeze kissed t h e pale face of a young wife and a curly-haired child who mur m u r e d the i r evening Rosa ry for a little pioupiou f a r a w a y .

M E R C A N T I L E I N S T I T U T E . 61, Waterloo Street,

Phone 5755. Has accommodation for boys from

Primary to Senior Cambridge and Commercial. Astounding results in public examinations.

AFTERNOON CLASSES: Shorthand, Typewriting, Book-Keeping and other Commercial Subjects taught.

EVENING CLASSES: For all Commercial Subjects and Practical English Classes for Adults based on Basic English.

LANGUAGES: Latin and French taught by a former teacher of Raffles and St. Joseph's Institutions EVENING CAMBRIDGE CLASSES: These classes will commence pro-Tided sufficient number of students enrol.

Commercial and Evening Cambridge Classes are open to^ girhfc

Religious instructions given to Catholic Children guided by a Catholic Minister.

"The best known and the largest school*'—Straits Times/Free Press.

For particulars apply to Director of Studies.

14

New Ultra-Violet Lamp Of Catholic Scientist INSPECTED BY ENGINEERS

SAID TO PRODUCE SUNLIGHT WITHOUT SUNBURN.

Cincinnat i .—Those who would contend t h a t t h e r e is conflict between Catholicism and t r u e science have aga in been answered effectively, w i th t h e announcement h e r e t h i s week t h a t a d is t inguished Catholic sc ient is t h a s added a n o t h e r bri l l iant discovery to h i s a l ready long and impress ive record of achievements .

The discovery is t he product ion of a new t y p e of ultra-violet lamp which is said t o el iminate t h e danger f rom over-exposure—thus producing "sun l igh t wi thou t sunburn ." T h e scient is t is Dr . George S. Spert i , Di rec tor of Research in t h e I n s t i t u t u m Divi Thomae of t h e A thenaeum of Ohio. T h e A t h e naeum is t h e Gradua te School of t h e Archdiocese of Cincinnati . T h e new lamp w a s given i t s first demons t ra t ion in Cincinnati a t a mee t ing of t h e Electrical I l luminat ing Eng inee rs of America.

Dr. Spe r t i ' s l amp can be screwed into a n y electric l ight socket and which r equ i r e s no t r a n s f o r m e r or addit ional a p p a r a t u s of a n y sor t . I t provides, i n addit ion t o t h e ultra-violet l ight , sufficient l ight for o rd inary o r working purposes . I t is possible to use t h e l amp for a n y length of t ime , even t o sleep under i t s r a y s for hours , w i thou t t h e s l igh tes t reddening of t h e skin, i t is s t a t ed .

Sunburn El iminated. The l amp is based upon Dr.

Sper t i ' s t h e o r y t h a t t h e u l t ra violet r a y s which genera te V i t a m i n 0 a re d is t inc t f rom the rays , which cause sunburn . T h e scient is t believes t h a t t h e reddening o r t a n n ing of t h e sk in is no t a s ign of t h e format ion of V i t amin D, bu t , on t h e cont rary , t h e s ign of over-exposure t o the sun or ultra-violet r a y lamp.

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No. 2, T h e Arcade. Singapore . B R A N C H O F F I C E : LONDON, N E W YORK, S H A N G H A I .

Sunburn , h e believes, is merely a proof of t h e damage to t i s sues . Accordingly, h i s new lamp is designed to e l iminate t h e r a y s which cause t h e bu rn . These a r e t h e s h o r t e r l eng ths of ultra-violet r&ys, those below 2800 A n g s t r o m un i t s in length . T h e a n g s t r o m un i t i s one;100,000,000th of a cent imeter . A cen t ime te r is roughly one- thi rd of a n inch.

El iminat ion of t he shor te r - length ultra-violet r a y s is accomplished by Dr. Sper t i t h r o u g h t h e use of a bulb made of corex glass. T h e glass will pe rmi t t h e longer u l t r a violet r a y s t o ge t out b u t will no t permi t t h e sho r t e r ones t o i ssue fo r th . Thus , while t h e s h o r t e r r a y s a re genera ted in t h e bulb t h e y a r e kept t he re , and only t h e longer r a y s . reach the . person using t h e lamp.

T h e l amp consis ts of a small corex glass tube enclosed in a la r ge r bulb of t h e s a m e ma te r i a l . The i n n e r bulb contains m e r c u r y and opera tes as a mercury vapour ultra-violet lamp. T h u s t h e u l t r a violet r a y s a r e genera ted in t h e inner tube . T h e ^ la rger , outs ide bulb conta ins a t u n g s t e n filament w h i c h provides t h e r a y s of visible l ight i n t h e s a m e fashion as do o t h e r incandescent bulbs.

Holds Many P a t e n t s . N o t only is sunburn not essent ia l

to t h e development of Vi tamin D in t h e ergosterol of t h e skin, Dr . Sper t i says , bu t . such skin i n j u r y m a y actual ly r e t a r d t h e process of i r radia t ion .

Dr . Sper t i h a s been exper iment ing wi th ul t ra-violet rad ia t ion for t e r yea r s , and is in te rna t iona l ly known for h i s work in t h e field of

RED-BLOODED P E O P L E GET T H E MOST F U N OUT OF LIFE. Elbert Hubbard once sai i , "No man ever successfully made love with a

cold in his head." And this witty remark proclaims a truth we have all, experienced in some way or another. We all know that work is easier . . , "play is funnier . . . and life and love doubly desirable, when we are well.

Now, it's an actual fact that well people are more red-blooded than ailing ones. Vitality, radiant health and energy can be seen in the blood in the form of red corpuscles and the haemoglobin (red substance) which the corpuscles carry. When people have plenty of both they are truly "red-blooded."

Many, however, are below nornal in red corpuscles and haemoglobin. A short time ago, 45 persons were examined by blood test to see how r^d-blooded

ithey were. As many as 40 were low in their blood's red corpuscles and haemoglobin. These40 received a thirtyday treatment of Dr. Williams' Pink

j Pills and became so greatly improved in bipod vitality . . . and cossequently i n

! health and vigour . . . that the examiner making the test was profoundly impressed.

R E G I O N A L SYNOD O F KWANG-T U N G BISHOPS M E E T S IN

MACAO.

P R E S I D E N T ASKS P E O P L E TO R E D E D I C A T E S E L V E S TO THE

S E R V I C E OF GOD.

S E C R E T A R Y O F M A N I L A CONG R E S S COMMITTEE VISITING

SOUTH C H I N A .

Hong Kong.—The quinquennial Conference of Mission Superiors of t he X V I I Ecclesiastical Region of China held i t s del iberat ions in Macao f rom October 9—12, under t h e pres idency of t h e i r dean, H .E . t h e Most Rev. Jose da Costa Nunes , Bishop of Macao. T h e o the r p re la tes a t t end ing w e r e : Bishop A. Fourque t , M.E.P. , of Can ton ; Bishop H. Val tor ta , P J . M.E., of H o n g K o n g ; Bishop J . E . Walsh, M.M., of Kongmoon ; Bishop G. Deswazieres , M. E . P . , Super ior of Naza re th , Hong K o n g ; Bishop L Canazei, S.S., of Shiu-chow; Bishop B . Yeung, Auxi l ia ry of C a n t o n ; and Bishop C. Vogel, M.E.P., Auxi l ia ry of Swatow. The Pakho i and K a y i n g Missions, in t h e absence of t h e i r Bishops, were represen ted b y delegates . Many m a t t e r s of common in te res t were discussed.

On t h e closing day, feas t of t h e Holy N a m e of Mary . T h e r e was a l an t e rn procession in t h e even- j ing, in which approx imate ly 5,000 j persons took pa r t . [Lumen . ]

Mani la .—The Rev. A u s t i n N . Hannon, M.M., Execut ive Secret a r y of t h e X X X H I In te rna t iona l Euchar i s t i c Congress left h e r e September 25 for H o n g K o n g abroad t h e General She rman .

A f t e r conduct ing a R e t r e a t in Hong Kong, F a t h e r Hannon will proceed to some of t h e neighbouring miss ions in S. China, where he will encourage par t ic ipat ion in t h e Manila Congress . I t is expected t h a t , a s a resul t of h is visit , t h e number of pi lgr ims from China will be mater ia l ly increased.

[Lumen. ]

t h e basic sciences, and par t icular ly his cont r ibut ions t o t h e world 's knowledge of solar radiat ion. He was t h e first to apply t h e Quan tum Theory to t h e biological act ions of rad ian t energy, a contr ibut ion on t h e effect of l ight r a y s which for t h e first t ime revealed t h e fact, since accepted by science generally, t h a t m a n y of t h e r ad ian t waves of energy, ins tead of producing Vi tamin D, actual ly des t roy it and a r e definitely ha rmfu l to h u m a n t i ssue .

Dr. Sper t i has been awarded m a n y p a t e n t s for discoveries growing out of h is research work. Some of h i s la te r p a t e n t s re la t ing to v i tamins , enzymes, vaccines, foods, etc. , were purchased by a large corporat ion deal ing in foodstuffs for introduct ion of Vi tamin D into m a n y of i ts p roducts .

New York .—The wish tha t the people of t h e United S ta tes rededi-ca te themselves " to t h e service of God and the i r fellow-men" is expressed in a le t ter from President Roosevelt to t h e National Commi t t ee for Religion and Welfare Recovery, which was read, in part, in t h e course of a radio programme on Sa tu rday sponsored by the National Commit tee in preparation for t h e organizat ion 's Loyalty Sunday .

An ex t rac t from t h e letter, read by Dr. J o h n H. Finley, said:

" I ea rnes t ly hope t h a t there will be a widespread and hear ty response on t h e pa r t of t h e people to t h i s call to assemble in their churches and synagogues for the purpose of rededicat ing themselves to t h e service of God and their fellow-men."

A m o n g t h e speakers on the prog r a m m e was former Judge Alfred J . Talley, of t h e Court of Special Sessions, New York, prominent Catholic l ayman. (N.C.W.C.)

N E W W E E K L Y ORGAN OF CATHOLIC ACTION IN

P H I L I P P I N E S .

Mani la .—The "Phil ippines Commonweal ," published by the Na-

I t ional P r e s s Commit tee of Catho-j lie Action, m a d e i t s bow to the j public on t h e las t d a y of October.

T h i s new pape r will replace the p resen t L a Defensa a s t he organ of Catholic Action in t he Islands. Aimed a t wider appeal and keeping in s t ep w i t h progress , it will include, besides news, a feature page , a l i t e r a ry section, articles on c u r r e n t problems, magazine section, columns, and even a "comics"

| supplement . The first issue of Philippines

Commonweal will be dedicated to t h e X X X H I Internat ional Euchar is t ic ' Congress t o be held in t h e Is lands in Feb rua ry , 1937. G r e a t care h a s been taken in the p repara t ion of th is issue. 20,000 copies a r e pr inted for distribut ion in all dioceses of the world. The first n u m b e r has 56 pages and conta ins a magazine section of 16 pages , wi th t h e shield of the Cong re s s reproduced in colours on the cover. [Lumen . ]

A M E R I C A N BISHOP C O N S E C R A T E D I N CHINA.

Suchow (Kiangsu, China)—The Most Rev. Phi l ip Cote, S. J.. newly elected Vicar Apostolic of Suchow. was consecrated a t Suchow Sept e m b e r 29 by the Apostolic Delega t e , Archbishop Mario Zanin. Bishop Cote belongs t o t he Canadia n Province of t h e Society of J e s u s ; he is a nat ive of Lawrence, Massachuse t t s , and is 39 years of age . (F ide s ) .

MALAYA CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY. 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 15

THE MASTERS OF MONEY INTERNATIONAL FINANCE AND

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

CATHOLIC NEWS N U G G E T S

rpHE 4astory__af Europe since t h e * war i l lus t ra tes , on almost every page, the melancholy t r u t h t h a t , in existing c i rcumstances , t he only certain way of obta in ing necessary supplies of money is to adopt a warlike policy. Once a nation has been aroused to a frenzy of patriotism money can always be obtained for t h e simple reason t h a t the national b a n k s become more afraid of t h e i r own government than of the in te rna t iona l moneylenders upon whose commands, in normal t imes, t h e y wai t obediently.

This t r u t h h a s now been made manifest in Germany , in Italy and, to a lesser ex ten t , in France, and there a re o ther , less conspicuous examples. Careful s tudents of t h e speeches of d ic ta to rs must have noticed t ha t i t is a lways emphasised by these gent lemen t h a t no expense will be spared to defend or glorify the fa ther land . In each case, the speech is followed by a fresh issue of credit and t h e stricken count ry goes s t agger ing on once more unti l i t s bankers pluck up courage enough to t h r e a t en, again, t o close the i r purses . When t h a t happens there is a fresh ou tburs t of patr iot ism.

Custodians of Savings. There a re a r g u m e n t s , of course,

in favour of t h e banker s and t h e s e arguments , t h a n k s t o a ceaseless propaganda, a r e known to everybody. Everybody is convinced t h a t bankers are t h e custodians of o t h e r people's savings and mus t t h e r e fore harden t h e i r h e a r t s aga ins t " spendthrift governments "—and so on. The a r g u m e n t s in favour of the "spend thr i f t gove rnmen t s" are much less well-known and deserve to be s t a t ed .

The story, which is very old, begins with t h e discovery by a group of goldsmi ths t h a t if people have deposited gold and silver for safe-keeping and have received receipts for t h e s e t reasures t h e y will use t he receipts instead of money so as t o avoid t h e trouble of going to the s t rong-room and ge t ting t he money out . Experience showed tha t , if £100 had been pu t into the s t rong-room in the first instance, only abou t £10 in ac tua l metallic money would be drawn out in any one year . About £90 would thus lie idle.

"Why not ," t h e goldsmiths asked, "issue rece ip ts for ten t i m e s the amount of gold and silver in J the s t rong- room?"

Owners of Money. The proceeding would be safe so

•ong as normal conditions las ted— so long, t h a t is to say, as people continued to use receipts instead of money. There was small danger of teing found out . ^ Consequently, t h e keepers of t h e

strong-rooms increased t he quan t ity of receipt-money (promises-to-Pay) by ten t imes . As th i s receipt-^onev was accepted everywhere tbe effect was t o increase ten t i m e s the total amount of money in circulation in E u r o p e .

The new rece ip ts were receipts for no th ing—there was no gold or silver behind t h e m . Consequently, it was necessary t o provide aga ins t tne danger t h a t t h e holders m i g h t

come, suddenly, and ask for the i r cash. Th is was accomplished by issuing t h e new receipt-money only in the form of loans. I t t h u s became possible to demand "secur i ty"

j for the loans ; in an emergency t h e I " secur i ty" could be sold to provide

more cash. Thus, t h e bankers , a s the keep-

. ers of t h e s t rong-room came to be

. called, were t h e owners of nine-ten ths of t h e money in the wor ld ;

: n ine- tenths of t h e money in t h e | world was a lways owing to t hem. I They had establ ished a monopoly ; of money (which monopoly made

them t h e owners also of all t h e gold and silver in t h e world) , and had t h u s obtained complete mas t ery of mankind .

Period of Tribulat ion. In consequence those ins t i tu t ions

which opposed money-lending and debt, especially t h e Chris t ian Church and t h e Chr is t ian monarchies, en tered upon a period of tr ibulat ion unti l a point was reached a t which, in t h e words of h is Holiness t h e Pope, "men scarcely dared t o b rea the because of t h e s t rangula t ion of t h e Money Power."

But a f t e r t h e Grea t War th i s supposedly, omnipotent sys tem began to b r e a k down. The m a s t e r s of the sy s t em reac ted to opposition by calling in t h e i r loans and t h u s emptying t h e world of money. All prices c ra shed b u t all pat ions did not, as on fo rmer occasions, bow t h e knee. On t h e con t ra ry t o "res t r ic t ion of credi t , " i.e., t h e calling-in of loans, was opposed patr iot ic fervour .

This was t a n t a m o u n t t o a challenge of t h e money monopoly.

T h e Real Mas te rs . When gove rnmen t s can prevent

t h e wi thdrawal of money from thei r m a r k e t s t h e mas te r s of money h a v e lost t h e i r power ; t h e governments have become t h e real m a s t e r s

This process of mas te r ing t h e money-masters is now in progress th roughout Europe . And so fa r the national governments have won handsomely aga ins t t h e in ter national power, which finds itself today s t r ipped of most of i t s gold and wholly unable t o prevent c red i t expansion wi th in America, Germany, F r a n c e and Italy. The foreign exchanges moreover, a r e dominated now by Mr. Roosevelt.

That is t h e end of t he power of 1

money unless a complete change can be effected wi th in t he next few months because a monopoly which has been broken is an object of universal contempt . I t appears to the wr i te r t h a t no change can now take place and t h a t consequently, the Money Power is dead. We a re enter ing therefore upon a new s ta te of society which is likely to resemble t h a t of t h e th i r t een th century more closely t han t h a t of the n ine teenth .

If so, t h e warl ike policies will soon be p u t away . A t this hour it is well to realise t h a t they were par t of t h e essential mechanism ©f salvation from t h e t y r anny of Mammon.

(Catholic Herald, London.)

Mexico City.—Diplomatic representat ives of 25 nat ions , headed by Mr. Josephus Daniels, Uni ted S ta t e s Ambassador to Mexico,

I ga thered in t h e ancient and beaut i -| ful Cathedral he re to a t t e n d a I solemn ceremoney in honour of St . j Rose of Lima, universally venera t -i ed for near ly t h r e e ceiffcuries as

Pa t roness of t h e New World. Counsellors and secretar ies of t he embassies and legat ions were also present.

* * * * Washington, D.C. — Pres ident

Roosevelt h a s issued a proclamation des igna t ing October 11 as "General Pulaski Memorial D a y " in honour of t h e g r e a t Polish Catholic hero who sacrificed h is life in aiding t h e American Colonies dur ing t h e W a r of t h e Revolution.

* * * * Washington, D.C.—The Rev. Dr.

Francis J . H a a s , Director of _ t h e National Catholic School of Social Service, h a s been appointed by Miss Frances Pe rk ins , Secre tary of Labour, to serve as impar t ia l chairman of a commit tee which will seek to media te in a dispute which h a s arisen in t h e c igar indus t ry in Florida.

* * * * Morrisiown, N . J . — At tendance

a t t he Loyola House of R e t r e a t s he re dur ing t h e first six mon ths of t h i s year w a s t h e largest in t h e ins t i tu t ion 's h i s to ry . 1,168 persons made R e t r e a t s dur ing t h a t period.

* * * * * Columbia, Canada .—H.E. Msgr.

Bunoz, O.M.I., Vicar Ap. of Yukon and Prince Ruper t , ha s sent one of his missionaries, in company wi th an in terpre ter , t o work among the 1,100 Orientals who a re engaged in t he fisheries in t h e coastal region of h is t e r r i t o ry .

* * • * * Dublin.—72 missionaries, repre

sent ing 12 religious ins t i tu tes , a t tended a course in Medicine for Catholic Missionaries held a t Univers i ty College, Dublin, and organized by t h e Ir ish Branch of t h e Pontifical Association for t h e Propagat ion of t h e Fa i th .

* * * * * London.—An art icle in t h e

Quarter ly Jou rna l of the Royal Meteorological Society, entit led " A Founder of Engl i sh Meteorology," gives th is dist inct ion to St. Bede, an early Engl ish monk, who died in 735 A.D.

* * * * * London.—Mr. and Mrs. Joseph

Dobson, a Catholic couple, have j u s t celebrated t h e 50th anniversa ry of t h e i r marr iage . Mrs. Dobson is t h e m o t h e r of 18 children was herself one of a family of 17 children. As a ma te rn i ty nurse she has been presen t a t the b i r th of more t h a n 1,000 children.

* * * * Haarlem, Holland.—21 new pari

shes were establ ished and 195 pr ies ts ordained dur ing the seven years t h a t t h e Most Rev. J . Aengenent , Bishop of Haarlem, who recently died, adminis tered the diocese. Bishop Anegenent also organized a s t r o n g Catholic Action and was t h e founder of the Grail, t h e well-kno\*m association of , young women which h a s done such splendid work for the Fa i th in Holland.

* * * * * Par is .—The Catholic Veter i

na r i ans ' Associat ion of France h a s

l selected St. F ranc i s of Assisi a s i t s patron. The choice was to be expected for no man has ever loved God's lesser crea tures more t h a n th i s Saint whose love and consideration for animals ha s become proverbial.

* * * * * Prague .—The Catholic F i lm

Bureau of P rague , "Csl Fi lmove Sdruzeni ," regular ly issues l ists of current films offered for dis t r ibution in Czechoslovakia, drawing t h e a t tent ion of Catholic cinema owners to those t h a t are good and

• those t h a t a r e objectionable. * * * * *

Vienna.—The membership of t h e i Nat ional League of Catholic Youth I of Aust r ia ha s increased from ! 20,000 in 1920, when it was found-| ed, to 80,000. I t is by far t h e lar -j ges t of the juvenile associations of

t h e country. The League 's g rowth is due to i t s fidelity to religious principles, to i t s achievements in m a t t e r s of social t r a in ing a n d general education, and to i ts cont r ibut ions to free-t ime occupation and sport.

* * * * * Budapest .—The th i rd cen tenary

of t he death of Cardinal Pazmany , celebrated Hunga r i an h is tor ian , will be commemorated by t h e issuance of a special s t amp by t h e Hungar ian Government .

* * * * * Vatican Ci ty .—The new Rector

of the N o r t h American College in Rome is t h e Most Rev. Ralph L . Hayes , Bishop of Helena, Montana . Bishop Hayes succeeds t h e R t . Rev. Msgr. E u g e n e S. Burke, who resigned last s u m m e r a f t e r t e n yea r s of rec torship . * * * * * *

Vatican Ci ty .—The Pontifical Commission for drawing up t h e new Codex of Oriental Canon Law has been appointed. The n a m e s include four Cardinals , wi th Luigi Cardinal Sincero a s President , a Secretary and 12 Consultors, chiefly chosen from t h e Oriental Clergy.

* * * * Kisantu, Belgian Congo.—2,000

women, more t h a n th ree- four ths of them mothe r s of families, m a d e three-day Re t r ea t s t he pas t summ e r in th ree var ious centres of t h i s vicariate. They b r o u g h t t i ieir own food and sleeping m a t s . Many of them travelled more t h a n a day to reach t h e mission, whe re t hey were housed in t empora ry sheds.

• * • * Changanacherry , India.—A line

of boats, five miles long, formed a picturesque procession t h r o u g h t h e lagoons of Lake Vembanad when the body of t h e Late Bishop of this city was brought he re by launch to be in ter red in t h e Cathedral . I t is es t imated t h a t a t least 75,000 Catholics were in t h e funeral cortege, which was wit nessed by approximately 400,000 persons, mostly Catholics, from all pa r t s of Travancore .

* * * * * Madras, I i \dia.—The M a r a t h i a

Monthly, edited by F a t h e r Miranda, of Danahu, Bombay, and T h e Social Order, edited by Mr. B. S. G:Jani, a Moslem convert, a r e r e cent addit ions to t h e field of Catholic journal i sm in India.

* * * * Madras .—Soma Reddi, a promi

nen t Catholic of t h e Indian Service, ha s been appointed Chief Minis ter of t he Raja of Bobili, a S t a t e in t he Madras Presidency. (Lumen)

14

New Ultra-Violet Lamp Of Catholic Scientist INSPECTED BY ENGINEERS

SAID TO PRODUCE SUNLIGHT WITHOUT SUNBURN.

Cincinnat i .—Those who would contend t h a t t h e r e is conflict between Catholicism and t r u e science have aga in been answered effectively, w i th t h e announcement h e r e t h i s week t h a t a d is t inguished Catholic sc ient is t h a s added a n o t h e r bri l l iant discovery to h i s a l ready long and impress ive record of achievements .

The discovery is t he product ion of a new t y p e of ultra-violet lamp which is said t o el iminate t h e danger f rom over-exposure—thus producing "sun l igh t wi thou t sunburn ." T h e scient is t is Dr . George S. Spert i , Di rec tor of Research in t h e I n s t i t u t u m Divi Thomae of t h e A thenaeum of Ohio. T h e A t h e naeum is t h e Gradua te School of t h e Archdiocese of Cincinnati . T h e new lamp w a s given i t s first demons t ra t ion in Cincinnati a t a mee t ing of t h e Electrical I l luminat ing Eng inee rs of America.

Dr. Spe r t i ' s l amp can be screwed into a n y electric l ight socket and which r equ i r e s no t r a n s f o r m e r or addit ional a p p a r a t u s of a n y sor t . I t provides, i n addit ion t o t h e ultra-violet l ight , sufficient l ight for o rd inary o r working purposes . I t is possible to use t h e l amp for a n y length of t ime , even t o sleep under i t s r a y s for hours , w i thou t t h e s l igh tes t reddening of t h e skin, i t is s t a t ed .

Sunburn El iminated. The l amp is based upon Dr.

Sper t i ' s t h e o r y t h a t t h e u l t ra violet r a y s which genera te V i t a m i n 0 a re d is t inc t f rom the rays , which cause sunburn . T h e scient is t believes t h a t t h e reddening o r t a n n ing of t h e sk in is no t a s ign of t h e format ion of V i t amin D, bu t , on t h e cont rary , t h e s ign of over-exposure t o the sun or ultra-violet r a y lamp.

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Sunburn , h e believes, is merely a proof of t h e damage to t i s sues . Accordingly, h i s new lamp is designed to e l iminate t h e r a y s which cause t h e bu rn . These a r e t h e s h o r t e r l eng ths of ultra-violet r&ys, those below 2800 A n g s t r o m un i t s in length . T h e a n g s t r o m un i t i s one;100,000,000th of a cent imeter . A cen t ime te r is roughly one- thi rd of a n inch.

El iminat ion of t he shor te r - length ultra-violet r a y s is accomplished by Dr. Sper t i t h r o u g h t h e use of a bulb made of corex glass. T h e glass will pe rmi t t h e longer u l t r a violet r a y s t o ge t out b u t will no t permi t t h e sho r t e r ones t o i ssue fo r th . Thus , while t h e s h o r t e r r a y s a re genera ted in t h e bulb t h e y a r e kept t he re , and only t h e longer r a y s . reach the . person using t h e lamp.

T h e l amp consis ts of a small corex glass tube enclosed in a la r ge r bulb of t h e s a m e ma te r i a l . The i n n e r bulb contains m e r c u r y and opera tes as a mercury vapour ultra-violet lamp. T h u s t h e u l t r a violet r a y s a r e genera ted in t h e inner tube . T h e ^ la rger , outs ide bulb conta ins a t u n g s t e n filament w h i c h provides t h e r a y s of visible l ight i n t h e s a m e fashion as do o t h e r incandescent bulbs.

Holds Many P a t e n t s . N o t only is sunburn not essent ia l

to t h e development of Vi tamin D in t h e ergosterol of t h e skin, Dr . Sper t i says , bu t . such skin i n j u r y m a y actual ly r e t a r d t h e process of i r radia t ion .

Dr . Sper t i h a s been exper iment ing wi th ul t ra-violet rad ia t ion for t e r yea r s , and is in te rna t iona l ly known for h i s work in t h e field of

RED-BLOODED P E O P L E GET T H E MOST F U N OUT OF LIFE. Elbert Hubbard once sai i , "No man ever successfully made love with a

cold in his head." And this witty remark proclaims a truth we have all, experienced in some way or another. We all know that work is easier . . , "play is funnier . . . and life and love doubly desirable, when we are well.

Now, it's an actual fact that well people are more red-blooded than ailing ones. Vitality, radiant health and energy can be seen in the blood in the form of red corpuscles and the haemoglobin (red substance) which the corpuscles carry. When people have plenty of both they are truly "red-blooded."

Many, however, are below nornal in red corpuscles and haemoglobin. A short time ago, 45 persons were examined by blood test to see how r^d-blooded

ithey were. As many as 40 were low in their blood's red corpuscles and haemoglobin. These40 received a thirtyday treatment of Dr. Williams' Pink

j Pills and became so greatly improved in bipod vitality . . . and cossequently i n

! health and vigour . . . that the examiner making the test was profoundly impressed.

R E G I O N A L SYNOD O F KWANG-T U N G BISHOPS M E E T S IN

MACAO.

P R E S I D E N T ASKS P E O P L E TO R E D E D I C A T E S E L V E S TO THE

S E R V I C E OF GOD.

S E C R E T A R Y O F M A N I L A CONG R E S S COMMITTEE VISITING

SOUTH C H I N A .

Hong Kong.—The quinquennial Conference of Mission Superiors of t he X V I I Ecclesiastical Region of China held i t s del iberat ions in Macao f rom October 9—12, under t h e pres idency of t h e i r dean, H .E . t h e Most Rev. Jose da Costa Nunes , Bishop of Macao. T h e o the r p re la tes a t t end ing w e r e : Bishop A. Fourque t , M.E.P. , of Can ton ; Bishop H. Val tor ta , P J . M.E., of H o n g K o n g ; Bishop J . E . Walsh, M.M., of Kongmoon ; Bishop G. Deswazieres , M. E . P . , Super ior of Naza re th , Hong K o n g ; Bishop L Canazei, S.S., of Shiu-chow; Bishop B . Yeung, Auxi l ia ry of C a n t o n ; and Bishop C. Vogel, M.E.P., Auxi l ia ry of Swatow. The Pakho i and K a y i n g Missions, in t h e absence of t h e i r Bishops, were represen ted b y delegates . Many m a t t e r s of common in te res t were discussed.

On t h e closing day, feas t of t h e Holy N a m e of Mary . T h e r e was a l an t e rn procession in t h e even- j ing, in which approx imate ly 5,000 j persons took pa r t . [Lumen . ]

Mani la .—The Rev. A u s t i n N . Hannon, M.M., Execut ive Secret a r y of t h e X X X H I In te rna t iona l Euchar i s t i c Congress left h e r e September 25 for H o n g K o n g abroad t h e General She rman .

A f t e r conduct ing a R e t r e a t in Hong Kong, F a t h e r Hannon will proceed to some of t h e neighbouring miss ions in S. China, where he will encourage par t ic ipat ion in t h e Manila Congress . I t is expected t h a t , a s a resul t of h is visit , t h e number of pi lgr ims from China will be mater ia l ly increased.

[Lumen. ]

t h e basic sciences, and par t icular ly his cont r ibut ions t o t h e world 's knowledge of solar radiat ion. He was t h e first to apply t h e Quan tum Theory to t h e biological act ions of rad ian t energy, a contr ibut ion on t h e effect of l ight r a y s which for t h e first t ime revealed t h e fact, since accepted by science generally, t h a t m a n y of t h e r ad ian t waves of energy, ins tead of producing Vi tamin D, actual ly des t roy it and a r e definitely ha rmfu l to h u m a n t i ssue .

Dr. Sper t i has been awarded m a n y p a t e n t s for discoveries growing out of h is research work. Some of h i s la te r p a t e n t s re la t ing to v i tamins , enzymes, vaccines, foods, etc. , were purchased by a large corporat ion deal ing in foodstuffs for introduct ion of Vi tamin D into m a n y of i ts p roducts .

New York .—The wish tha t the people of t h e United S ta tes rededi-ca te themselves " to t h e service of God and the i r fellow-men" is expressed in a le t ter from President Roosevelt to t h e National Commi t t ee for Religion and Welfare Recovery, which was read, in part, in t h e course of a radio programme on Sa tu rday sponsored by the National Commit tee in preparation for t h e organizat ion 's Loyalty Sunday .

An ex t rac t from t h e letter, read by Dr. J o h n H. Finley, said:

" I ea rnes t ly hope t h a t there will be a widespread and hear ty response on t h e pa r t of t h e people to t h i s call to assemble in their churches and synagogues for the purpose of rededicat ing themselves to t h e service of God and their fellow-men."

A m o n g t h e speakers on the prog r a m m e was former Judge Alfred J . Talley, of t h e Court of Special Sessions, New York, prominent Catholic l ayman. (N.C.W.C.)

N E W W E E K L Y ORGAN OF CATHOLIC ACTION IN

P H I L I P P I N E S .

Mani la .—The "Phil ippines Commonweal ," published by the Na-

I t ional P r e s s Commit tee of Catho-j lie Action, m a d e i t s bow to the j public on t h e las t d a y of October.

T h i s new pape r will replace the p resen t L a Defensa a s t he organ of Catholic Action in t he Islands. Aimed a t wider appeal and keeping in s t ep w i t h progress , it will include, besides news, a feature page , a l i t e r a ry section, articles on c u r r e n t problems, magazine section, columns, and even a "comics"

| supplement . The first issue of Philippines

Commonweal will be dedicated to t h e X X X H I Internat ional Euchar is t ic ' Congress t o be held in t h e Is lands in Feb rua ry , 1937. G r e a t care h a s been taken in the p repara t ion of th is issue. 20,000 copies a r e pr inted for distribut ion in all dioceses of the world. The first n u m b e r has 56 pages and conta ins a magazine section of 16 pages , wi th t h e shield of the Cong re s s reproduced in colours on the cover. [Lumen . ]

A M E R I C A N BISHOP C O N S E C R A T E D I N CHINA.

Suchow (Kiangsu, China)—The Most Rev. Phi l ip Cote, S. J.. newly elected Vicar Apostolic of Suchow. was consecrated a t Suchow Sept e m b e r 29 by the Apostolic Delega t e , Archbishop Mario Zanin. Bishop Cote belongs t o t he Canadia n Province of t h e Society of J e s u s ; he is a nat ive of Lawrence, Massachuse t t s , and is 39 years of age . (F ide s ) .

MALAYA CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY. 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 15

THE MASTERS OF MONEY INTERNATIONAL FINANCE AND

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

CATHOLIC NEWS N U G G E T S

rpHE 4astory__af Europe since t h e * war i l lus t ra tes , on almost every page, the melancholy t r u t h t h a t , in existing c i rcumstances , t he only certain way of obta in ing necessary supplies of money is to adopt a warlike policy. Once a nation has been aroused to a frenzy of patriotism money can always be obtained for t h e simple reason t h a t the national b a n k s become more afraid of t h e i r own government than of the in te rna t iona l moneylenders upon whose commands, in normal t imes, t h e y wai t obediently.

This t r u t h h a s now been made manifest in Germany , in Italy and, to a lesser ex ten t , in France, and there a re o ther , less conspicuous examples. Careful s tudents of t h e speeches of d ic ta to rs must have noticed t ha t i t is a lways emphasised by these gent lemen t h a t no expense will be spared to defend or glorify the fa ther land . In each case, the speech is followed by a fresh issue of credit and t h e stricken count ry goes s t agger ing on once more unti l i t s bankers pluck up courage enough to t h r e a t en, again, t o close the i r purses . When t h a t happens there is a fresh ou tburs t of patr iot ism.

Custodians of Savings. There a re a r g u m e n t s , of course,

in favour of t h e banker s and t h e s e arguments , t h a n k s t o a ceaseless propaganda, a r e known to everybody. Everybody is convinced t h a t bankers are t h e custodians of o t h e r people's savings and mus t t h e r e fore harden t h e i r h e a r t s aga ins t " spendthrift governments " — and so on. The a r g u m e n t s in favour of the "spend thr i f t gove rnmen t s" are much less well-known and deserve to be s t a t ed .

The story, which is very old, begins with t h e discovery by a group of goldsmi ths t h a t if people have deposited gold and silver for safe-keeping and have received receipts for t h e s e t reasures t h e y will use t he receipts instead of money so as t o avoid t h e trouble of going to the s t rong-room and ge t ting t he money out . Experience showed tha t , if £100 had been pu t into the s t rong-room in the first instance, only abou t £10 in ac tua l metallic money would be drawn out in any one year . About £90 would thus lie idle.

"Why not ," t h e goldsmiths asked, "issue rece ip ts for ten t i m e s the amount of gold and silver in J the s t rong- room?"

Owners of Money. The proceeding would be safe so

•ong as normal conditions las ted— so long, t h a t is to say, as people continued to use receipts instead of money. There was small danger of teing found out . ^ Consequently, t h e keepers of t h e

strong-rooms increased t he quan t ity of receipt-money (promises-to-Pay) by ten t imes . As th i s receipt-^onev was accepted everywhere tbe effect was t o increase ten t i m e s the total amount of money in circulation in E u r o p e .

The new rece ip ts were receipts for no th ing—there was no gold or silver behind t h e m . Consequently, it was necessary t o provide aga ins t tne danger t h a t t h e holders m i g h t

come, suddenly, and ask for the i r cash. Th is was accomplished by issuing t h e new receipt-money only in the form of loans. I t t h u s became possible to demand "secur i ty"

j for the loans ; in an emergency t h e I " secur i ty" could be sold to provide

more cash. Thus, t h e bankers , a s the keep-

. ers of t h e s t rong-room came to be

. called, were t h e owners of nine-ten ths of t h e money in the wor ld ;

: n ine- tenths of t h e money in t h e | world was a lways owing to t hem. I They had establ ished a monopoly ; of money (which monopoly made

them t h e owners also of all t h e gold and silver in t h e world) , and had t h u s obtained complete mas t ery of mankind .

Period of Tribulat ion. In consequence those ins t i tu t ions

which opposed money-lending and debt, especially t h e Chris t ian Church and t h e Chr is t ian monarchies, en tered upon a period of tr ibulat ion unti l a point was reached a t which, in t h e words of h is Holiness t h e Pope, "men scarcely dared t o b rea the because of t h e s t rangula t ion of t h e Money Power."

But a f t e r t h e Grea t War th i s supposedly, omnipotent sys tem began to b r e a k down. The m a s t e r s of the sy s t em reac ted to opposition by calling in t h e i r loans and t h u s emptying t h e world of money. All prices c ra shed b u t all pat ions did not, as on fo rmer occasions, bow t h e knee. On t h e con t ra ry t o "res t r ic t ion of credi t , " i.e., t h e calling-in of loans, was opposed patr iot ic fervour .

This was t a n t a m o u n t t o a challenge of t h e money monopoly.

T h e Real Mas te rs . When gove rnmen t s can prevent

t h e wi thdrawal of money from thei r m a r k e t s t h e mas te r s of money h a v e lost t h e i r power ; t h e governments have become t h e real m a s t e r s

This process of mas te r ing t h e money-masters is now in progress th roughout Europe . And so fa r the national governments have won handsomely aga ins t t h e in ter national power, which finds itself today s t r ipped of most of i t s gold and wholly unable t o prevent c red i t expansion wi th in America, Germany, F r a n c e and Italy. The foreign exchanges moreover, a r e dominated now by Mr. Roosevelt.

That is t h e end of t he power of 1

money unless a complete change can be effected wi th in t he next few months because a monopoly which has been broken is an object of universal contempt . I t appears to the wr i te r t h a t no change can now take place and t h a t consequently, the Money Power is dead. We a re enter ing therefore upon a new s ta te of society which is likely to resemble t h a t of t h e th i r t een th century more closely t han t h a t of the n ine teenth .

If so, t h e warl ike policies will soon be p u t away . A t this hour it is well to realise t h a t they were par t of t h e essential mechanism ©f salvation from t h e t y r anny of Mammon.

(Catholic Herald, London.)

Mexico City.—Diplomatic representat ives of 25 nat ions , headed by Mr. Josephus Daniels, Uni ted S ta t e s Ambassador to Mexico,

I ga thered in t h e ancient and beaut i -| ful Cathedral he re to a t t e n d a I solemn ceremoney in honour of St . j Rose of Lima, universally venera t -i ed for near ly t h r e e ceiffcuries as

Pa t roness of t h e New World. Counsellors and secretar ies of t he embassies and legat ions were also present.

* * * * Washington, D.C. — Pres ident

Roosevelt h a s issued a proclamation des igna t ing October 11 as "General Pulaski Memorial D a y " in honour of t h e g r e a t Polish Catholic hero who sacrificed h is life in aiding t h e American Colonies dur ing t h e W a r of t h e Revolution.

* * * * Washington, D.C.—The Rev. Dr.

Francis J . H a a s , Director of _ t h e National Catholic School of Social Service, h a s been appointed by Miss Frances Pe rk ins , Secre tary of Labour, to serve as impar t ia l chairman of a commit tee which will seek to media te in a dispute which h a s arisen in t h e c igar indus t ry in Florida.

* * * * Morrisiown, N . J . — At tendance

a t t he Loyola House of R e t r e a t s he re dur ing t h e first six mon ths of t h i s year w a s t h e largest in t h e ins t i tu t ion 's h i s to ry . 1,168 persons made R e t r e a t s dur ing t h a t period.

* * * * * Columbia, Canada .—H.E. Msgr.

Bunoz, O.M.I., Vicar Ap. of Yukon and Prince Ruper t , ha s sent one of his missionaries, in company wi th an in terpre ter , t o work among the 1,100 Orientals who a re engaged in t he fisheries in t h e coastal region of h is t e r r i t o ry .

* * • * * Dublin.—72 missionaries, repre

sent ing 12 religious ins t i tu tes , a t tended a course in Medicine for Catholic Missionaries held a t Univers i ty College, Dublin, and organized by t h e Ir ish Branch of t h e Pontifical Association for t h e Propagat ion of t h e Fa i th .

* * * * * London.—An art icle in t h e

Quarter ly Jou rna l of the Royal Meteorological Society, entit led " A Founder of Engl i sh Meteorology," gives th is dist inct ion to St. Bede, an early Engl ish monk, who died in 735 A.D.

* * * * * London.—Mr. and Mrs. Joseph

Dobson, a Catholic couple, have j u s t celebrated t h e 50th anniversa ry of t h e i r marr iage . Mrs. Dobson is t h e m o t h e r of 18 children was herself one of a family of 17 children. As a ma te rn i ty nurse she has been presen t a t the b i r th of more t h a n 1,000 children.

* * * * Haarlem, Holland.—21 new pari

shes were establ ished and 195 pr ies ts ordained dur ing the seven years t h a t t h e Most Rev. J . Aengenent , Bishop of Haarlem, who recently died, adminis tered the diocese. Bishop Anegenent also organized a s t r o n g Catholic Action and was t h e founder of the Grail, t h e well-kno\*m association of , young women which h a s done such splendid work for the Fa i th in Holland.

* * * * * Par is .—The Catholic Veter i

na r i ans ' Associat ion of France h a s

l selected St. F ranc i s of Assisi a s i t s patron. The choice was to be expected for no man has ever loved God's lesser crea tures more t h a n th i s Saint whose love and consideration for animals ha s become proverbial.

* * * * * Prague .—The Catholic F i lm

Bureau of P rague , "Csl Fi lmove Sdruzeni ," regular ly issues l ists of current films offered for dis t r ibution in Czechoslovakia, drawing t h e a t tent ion of Catholic cinema owners to those t h a t are good and

• those t h a t a r e objectionable. * * * * *

Vienna.—The membership of t h e i Nat ional League of Catholic Youth I of Aust r ia ha s increased from ! 20,000 in 1920, when it was found-| ed, to 80,000. I t is by far t h e lar -j ges t of the juvenile associations of

t h e country. The League 's g rowth is due to i t s fidelity to religious principles, to i t s achievements in m a t t e r s of social t r a in ing a n d general education, and to i ts cont r ibut ions to free-t ime occupation and sport.

* * * * * Budapest .—The th i rd cen tenary

of t he death of Cardinal Pazmany , celebrated Hunga r i an h is tor ian , will be commemorated by t h e issuance of a special s t amp by t h e Hungar ian Government .

* * * * * Vatican Ci ty .—The new Rector

of the N o r t h American College in Rome is t h e Most Rev. Ralph L . Hayes , Bishop of Helena, Montana . Bishop Hayes succeeds t h e R t . Rev. Msgr. E u g e n e S. Burke, who resigned last s u m m e r a f t e r t e n yea r s of rec torship . * * * * * *

Vatican Ci ty .—The Pontifical Commission for drawing up t h e new Codex of Oriental Canon Law has been appointed. The n a m e s include four Cardinals , wi th Luigi Cardinal Sincero a s President , a Secretary and 12 Consultors, chiefly chosen from t h e Oriental Clergy.

* * * * Kisantu, Belgian Congo.—2,000

women, more t h a n th ree- four ths of them mothe r s of families, m a d e three-day Re t r ea t s t he pas t summ e r in th ree var ious centres of t h i s vicariate. They b r o u g h t t i ieir own food and sleeping m a t s . Many of them travelled more t h a n a day to reach t h e mission, whe re t hey were housed in t empora ry sheds.

• * • * Changanacherry , India.—A line

of boats, five miles long, formed a picturesque procession t h r o u g h t h e lagoons of Lake Vembanad when the body of t h e Late Bishop of this city was brought he re by launch to be in ter red in t h e Cathedral . I t is es t imated t h a t a t least 75,000 Catholics were in t h e funeral cortege, which was wit nessed by approximately 400,000 persons, mostly Catholics, from all pa r t s of Travancore .

* * * * * Madras, I i \dia.—The M a r a t h i a

Monthly, edited by F a t h e r Miranda, of Danahu, Bombay, and T h e Social Order, edited by Mr. B. S. G:Jani, a Moslem convert, a r e r e cent addit ions to t h e field of Catholic journal i sm in India.

* * * * Madras .—Soma Reddi, a promi

nen t Catholic of t h e Indian Service, ha s been appointed Chief Minis ter of t he Raja of Bobili, a S t a t e in t he Madras Presidency. (Lumen)

MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935.

C A N IT BE? "IS THERE A PURGATORY?"

It was not until Isobel's father had been appointed to the United States Consulate at Gibraltar that she realized how much .she had taken in of her old nurse's Catholicity. Beyond what she had learned from Nanny O'Dowd, she had been taught practically nothing about religion of any kind, and it was, perhaps, a lingering echo of her nurse's fa i th that gave her a feeling that she had been created for something better than the ceaseless round of amusements that made up her present life.

Certain i t is , that she used to think of Nanny 0*Dowd when she saw the Spanish women coming out of the churches, after Ma?s or Benediction, with such contended expressions on their faces, but she had never given any serious thought t o Catholicity until, suddenly, one day, without the sl ightest warning, she was brought face to face with death.

There was always a good deal of gaiety going on at Gibraltar, and ene of the moving spirits in these gaieties was Connie Slater, Isobel Manners' great friend. Captain Slater's g a y little American wife was never so happy as when making up a party of light-hearted young people for dancing, boating, or for any other form of amusement.

One day a number of them had ridden into the Spanish countryside on a day's expedition, and, returning home, Connie Slater had complained of her head, the result, her husband said, of riding out when t h e sun was too hot, and Isobel, a lways an early bird, had gone out nex t morning t o inquire for her friend.

It w a s not ye t e ight o'clock, but the s treets of Gibraltar were already filled wi th their usual noisy* motley crowd. Moors, Greeks and Arabs, in their bright coloured costumes, Jews in their sombre gowns, pushed their w a y about, jost l ing the passers-by, and shouting aloud t h e wares they had for sale.

Stout Spanish women were already out marketing, and blear-eyed beggars were starting on their daily rounds. Spanish workmen, in their soft white shoes and linen coats, sauntered along beside their bony mules or wiry Arab horses, and women, black-veiled, with book or rosary in hand, hurried t o Mass. Here was an English soldier leading a polo pony for i t s morning exercise; there a Turk, turbanned, and barelegged. The crowd w a s cosmopolitan in the extreme, and Isobel passed unnoticed amongst them, wi th her little Spanish maid at her side, and soon they reached the Slaters' house.

Then, without the sl ightest warning, the blow f ell.

Connie Slater was dead. Thf 'doctor, not unfamiliar wi th

such cases, named it "Sun apoplexy," but Mrs. Slater's mother, who was staying with her, was completely stunned by the blow. " It was so sudden, Isobel," she cried, "she was not prepared to die. So lively, so thoughtless, where is she now? Isobel, what can I think? A s a child I taught her to say her prayers, but lately has she ever thought of God and of the next world? She was not a sinner, but Isobel, she was not a saint, and w h e r e t oh where, can she be now? Much as I loved her, I cannot, o h ! f ca t ino t think she was fit to go to

Heaven and if no t—". The poor mothe r t h r e w herself on he r knees beside h e r dead daughte r ' s bed and sobbed aloud. W h a t could Isobel say or do? D e a t h had seemed so infinitely f a r f rom Connie, who never seemed t o th ink of a n y t h i n g bu t amus ing herself and, in he r kindly way , of amusing o the r s . Isobel had only t h e vaguest idea of t he Catholic doctrine of P u r g a t o r y ; she knew nothing of t h e comfort of p r a y i n g for t h e dead.

I t was t h e li t t le Spanish maid, who, seeing bo th he r young lady and the dead woman 's m o t h e r in such grief, t r i ed t o whisper a word of t he comfor t t h a t would have been he r s in a like position.

"Senor i ta ," she whispered, "tell t h e Senora no t to weep, bu t to p ray for t h e Senora Slater . She is not in Heaven, t rue , but she was kind* fipd no one spoke evil of her . Now^she is in Purga to ry , and if we pray,-for h e r hard , h a r d , God will soon pur i fy he r soul and open Heaven fo r h e r . "

"Oh, if I could th ink t h a t , " cried t h e poor mo the r . "If only I could th ink t h a t m y darl ing was in some place w h e r e she migh t th ink, migh t p r epa re to en ter in to t he presence of God. If I could hope t h a t t h e r e really is a Pu rga to ry , then , indeed, I would be comforted, but can i t b e ? Oh, can it b e ? "

The words , spoken in accents of despair, pene t r a t ed to Isobel's very soul. Over and over ag ian she repeated t h e cry of h e r dead friend's m o t h e r : "Can i t b e ? Oh, can it b e ? "

Isobel and h e r fa ther h a d often visited t h e Catholic churches in t h e Spanish villages, mere ly as s ight-seers , bu t now these vis i ts became, t o Isobel, each one a reminder of gay lit t le Connie, lying so quiet ly in he r g rave a t Gibraltar . And the same quest ion came, over and over again, t o he r mind. W h e r e was Connie's soul? Was t h e r e really a place in which she was prepar ing t o en t e r heaven? In a lmost every Spanish church t h e r e is a chapel, or a t least an a l ta r , dedicated t o the Holy Souls, w i th a pic ture depicting the i r sufferings and the i r reward, so t h a t in th i s w a y even t h e m o s t ignorant , w h o cannot read o r wr i t e , become familiar wi th t h e t r u t h s of religion.

Somet imes i t was one of these a l tars t h a t b rought back t o Isobel t h e remembrance of Connie, and as , for h e r friend's sake, t h e American gir l took to looking out for these p ic tures , it was not very long before she began t o say in her hea r t , before them. "Oh, God, if these sufferings t ha t everyone in th i s count ry believe in, a re really t rue , please, please let Connie suffer and so be made pure to enter Heaven."

She did not know t h a t by her own p r a y e r s she could obtain for her fr iend t h e desired purification wi thout h e r own prolonged and personal suffering. B u t all unknown t o herself Isobel's p rayers b rought to h e r the i r own answer. Gradually t h e question of Mrs. Sla ter ' s mother , "Can i t be? Can the re real ly be a P u r g a t o r y ? " was changed, and he r hea r t said "Yes, the re i s . "

A t first she had been shy of asking, even her little maid, about the t h i n g s of Catholicity which she longed to know, and it was only when , a f te r accompanying her mis t ress t o numerous a l t a r s of t h e

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Holy Souls, t h a t the girl , herself, spoke. "Indeed, w i th all t h e p ray ers t h e Senori ta says for t h e soul of t h e Senora Slater , no doubt, she will be soon in Heaven."

T h i s led to an explanation, more or less ha l t ing , of p raye r s for t h e dead, b u t t h e explanat ions were hampered by blank ignorance on the p a r t of t h e American girl, and such simple implicit fa i th on t h a t of t h e l i t t le Spaniard, t h a t she found i t a lmost impossible to explain w h a t she , herself, had never doubted or questioned.

T h e r e was a Pu rga to ry . Sure, j u s t a s sure a s t he re w a s a merciful God Who wanted t o pardon us, even t hough we were s inners , bu t W h o is so j u s t t h a t every soul m u s t work out i t s own debt, he re or he rea f te r .

W h e n Maria found t h a t he r Senor i ta really wished t o know t h e Catholic Church and ye t , j u s t a s really, refused in anger—as t h e girl t hough t , though really i t was in f ea r—to speak to a pr iest , t h e l i t t le Spaniard fell back on o the r help.

" I cannot tell t h e Senori ta w h a t she a s k s , " Maria used to say. " B u t , come, let us visit t h e church and p r a y for Senora S la te r and the o t h e r souls in Purga to ry , and when t hey ge t to heaven they will a sk Almigh ty God to send down an angel t o answer all t h e quest ions t h a t t h e Senori ta asks , and t h a t poor Mar ia is too ignorant to

answer . " A n d t h o u g h Almigh ty God did

not send down an angel to teach Isobel t h e ' t r u t h , t h e prayers of the Holy Souls, set f ree from Purga to ry t h r o u g h t h e p r a y e r s of the two gir ls , m i s t r e s s and maid, obtained for Isobel t h e gif t of Faith.

F a i t h , a t first w i thou t knowledge, bu t l a t e r the Holy Souls obtained f rom God for t h e i r young non-Catholic benefactress , the acquain tanceship , t h e friendship of a Catholic, pious a s Maria, and be t t e r ins t ruc ted , w h o could and did a n s w e r t h e Amer ican girl's quest ions, a n d finally took her to a priest . H e r f a t h e r made no objection to his daugh te r ' s newly-formed in t e re s t in Catholicity, nor did he object when she told him t h a t she wished to jo in t h e Church where p r a y e r s for t h e dead are inculcated a n d encouraged, and where d e a t h loses ha l f i t s terrors because of t h e place of purification it t eaches i t s chi ldren t o know, and half i t s loneliness because of the link of p r a y e r t h a t binds us as closely to t h e Holy Souls in Purga to ry as we were bound to those we loved on ear th .

So Isobel Manners , convert of the Holy Souls, l earn t to answer wi th perfec t ce r t a in ty t he question a s t o t h e existence of Purgato ry , "Can i t be?"—for her own cha r i ty t o t h e Souls in Purgatory had given h e r the cer ta in answer — " Y e s , t h a n k God, i t i s . "

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17

SPORTS NOTES CATHOLICS IN THE LIMELIGHT

(By Our Own Correspondent.) TICKS HOCKEY.

SINGAPORE BEAT SELANGOR. Singapore defeated Selangor at Hoc

key in Singapore last week. Valberg has had a plethora of brickbats flung at his young head. Perhaps he was responsible for missing a number of easy chances but why make him such a target for blame. All'the forwards were weak. It took a halfback to get the one goal no forward had a hope of scoring.

* * * * MALACCA INTER SCHOOL MATCH.

MALACCA BEAT NEGRI. Malacca beat the Negri at Hockey at

Malacca by 3 goals to 2. O. Hara scored both goals for the visitors but Rodrigues (1) and Leon (2) more than made amends.

I. C. A. BEAT MALACCA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION.

CLARKE HOCKEY SHIELD.

For forty minutes the unbeaten High School Team did everything but score against the Anglo Chinese School in the first game for the Clarke Hockey Shield. They penned the A. C. S. to their own half for long periods but they found Lee Swee Poh, the A. C. S. goalkeeper, a very efficient defender and playing at his best. Eusof and Koon Lim were great triers but it was Ibrahim who first tested the A. C. S. keeper and the drive was cleared. J. Chelliah also had a great hand in spoiling the scoring efforts of the High School forwards who continued to attack hotly and in a melee in his circle, sustained a severe cut in the mouth. At the interval though the High School had more of the game territorially they could not claim the advantage in goals. Soon after the interval the A. C. S. made one spirited raid but in the circle Tim Kong Yen nipped in and frustrated their efforts in scoring. Eusof forced a penalty corner in the fortieth minute and after a feeble clearance had been made Tan Kong Yen drove hard to goal and scored. An equaliser seemed imminent at any moment, and the A. C. S. defence which had stood up so valiantly, now cracked up on the left and Hussein Aman scored in the fiftieth minute. The weak gap in the defence was noticed and the other High School forwards plied Hussein with passes and from these Hussein was able to score three further goals. Just after the second goal had been scored, Lee Swee Poh was badly injured but he pluckily resumed after attention. Messrs H. E. Sequerah and R. W. F. Aeria refereed and the teams were. High School M. Suppiah, Wee Tiam Tye, Tarn Kong Yen, Shariff Sukar, Othman Mas, P. Thanga-veloo, Hussein, Aman, Tay Koon Lim Eusof Ishak, Ibrahim Isa (Capt.) and Sulaiman.

A. C. S.r—Lee Swee Poh, I. Chelliah, Nadara en, Jee Yan Khoon, Ton Ah Swee, R. M. Deveraj, Yoon Pow Siew, Ten? Jim Yan, Roy Matthews (Capt.) and Din? Ee. |

Though enjoying more territorial advantage the Teacher's Association had to admit defeat at the hands of the I. C. A. on the Malacca Club Padang by the odd goal in three, on Monday.

The ground was sodden on account of the morning's rain. Showing plenty of dash, the I. C. A. forwards hemmed the Teachers into their own circle but it was only in the tenth minute that Abdullah found the net. The Teachers experimental half line proved innocuous.

The I. C. A. crossed over leading by a single goal. Several positional changes in the Teachers proved successful in keeping their opponents in their own teiritory during the second half. Hard tackling by the I. C. A. defence in which Yusof and Leman shone prevented the Teachers from going through but at last the equaliser came when H. M. De Souza offered P. S. Loo a chance which was accepted. Playing well up the field, the Teachers' backs many a time put Abdullah and C. Singh off side, but a great clearance by Yusof enabled Abdullah to go through on his own and score the winning goal barely a minute from time.

JUNIOR NETBALL COMPETITION.

A Junior Netball League was formed this year to promote greater interest in the game and to provide healthy competition between the Junior girls of various schools. A Challenge Cup was kindly presented by the Raffles Girls School, and after several keenly contested games, the Convent First Team carried the handsome trophy.

The following are the results of the various matches:— Convent 1st Team vs. Raffles 1st.

Won 23 to 4 goals. Convent 1st Team vs. Raffles 2nd.

Won 13 to 5 goals. Convent 1st Team vs. Girls Life Brigade

Won 12 to 4 goals. Convent 1st Team vs. Serangoon Eng

lish School Won 19 to 3 goals.

Convent 1st Team vs. Convent 2nd. Won by Walk Over.

Convent 2nd Team vs. Raffles 1st Won 8 to 7 goals

D I S T R I B U T O R / F O R

T I G E R B E E R PRA/Wfr

HEAVE L1? Convent 2nd Team vs. Raffles 2nd.

Lost 4 to 6 goals. Convent 2nd Team vs Girls Life Brigade

Lost 4 to 7 goals. Convent 2nd Team vs. Serangoon Eng

lish School Won 15 to 1 goals.

Convent 2nd Team vs. Convent 1st. Lost by Walk Over.

YOUNG ALDE~BEATS KAWATA.

MALACCA V.C. RIFLE MEET.

Young Aide beat Kawata, the Japanese welter at the New World Stadium, gaining every round of a 10 round contest.

BAS"EBALL Baseball fans are few but very keen.

Practices are held every Sunday on St. Joseph's ground Bras Basah Road. The Singapore Cubs, a local baseball team, could do with a few more interested players. This side has not done badly but its membership is very limited and needs reinforcements.

We are pleased to record that in the recent Rifle Service Meet of the Malacca Volunteer Corps the Catholics of Malacca who secured prizes were Sergeant F. A. Rodrigues, Sergeant F. C. Pinto and Sergeant R. G. de Rozario.

Another achievement worthy of mention was that of Pte. P. P. de Rozario (ex-All-Blue) a recruit firing in the "B" class fell short of four points for the first place in the grand aggregate.

While congratulating these winners it is also hoped that the other members of our Catholic community will avail themselves of the opportunities when the training period begins next month.

Last but not least we do not hesitate to congratulate also the *'D" (Eurasian) Company for their smart turn out at the Armistice parade at Malacca.

(Continued on page 19.)

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AROUND THE PARISHES SINGAPORE, PENANG, MALACCA, KUALA LUMPUR, IPOH, SEREMBAN

KLANG, KEDAH SINGAPORE

CATHEDRAL OP THE GCK. D SHEPHERD

Baptism.

November 11.—Philomena Geda, d a u g h t e r of B a s t U n A n t o Fernandez and Marie A n n Fernandez , born on October 23 , 1935. Godparents A n d r e w Joseph Fernandez and Erne. Fernandez .

November 16.—Thelma Theresa , d a u g h t e r of Ivan F a r g u s Gal is tan and Ger t rude Leonie

• Gal is tan, born on November 4, 1935. Godparen ts Joseph G. Undasan and Lily Pe^eira .

November 1 6 — E d w a r d Andrew, son of Guy M u s k e t t Y e t t s and E y a t Ye t t s , born on Decemb e r 12, 1910. Godfa ther Brot h e r Dennis .

November 16.—Mariana Ani ta , d a u g h t e r of Noel Clayton d 9 A ' r a n j o and Josephine d 'Aranjo, born on November 2, 1935. Godparents Be r t i e Vincent Mi randa and Ca the r i n e Fernandez .

November 16. — A n n K a t h r y n , d a u g h t e r of H e r b e r t Claude G r ^ n t Wat son and Aileen Marguer i t e Cady Gran t W a t son, born on A u g u s t 7, 1935. Godparents Gerald Cady Mc T u e r n y and M a r t h a Rodwell.

* * * * D E A T H .

. Novermber 14, 1935, a t t h e General Hospital , Singapore, J o h n Donno, in his 55fh year .

* * * * C H U R C H O F ST. J O S E P H .

Baptisms. November 16 .—Frankie Wilfred

J ansen , born on t h e 20th Nov. 1931, son of N o r m a n Vic tor J a n s e n and of M a r y Lim. Godp a r e n t s : Phi l ip Jansen and Mar i an Jansen .

November 16—Henry Joseph J a n sen, born on t h e 20 th May, 1935, son of N o r m a n Vic tor J a n s e n and of Mary Lim. God-paren t s : J a m e s Wilfred Monteiro and A g n e s Jansen .

November 16—Theresa Leong Yuen Lim, born on t h e 1st Augus t , 1919, d a u g h t e r of Mr. and Mrs . Leong Cheong K a i t Godp a r e n t s : Mar ia Chia.

November 16—Peggie Ida de Ro-zario, born on t h e 6 th Nov. 1935, d a u g h t e r of Melville de Rozario a n d of Ida Rozario. Godp a r e n t s : F ranc i s Zuzar te and El iza da Costa.

November 16—Millicent Ca ther ine S a n t a Maria, born on t h e 12th October, 1935, d a u g h t e r of Alexa n d e r San ta Mar ia and of Dorot h y Ger t rude S a n t a Mar ia . God-pa ren t s : E d w a r d Gonsalez and I r in This t le S a n t a Mar ia .

November 16—Cecilia Yeo, born on t h e 5 th December, 1901, d a u g h t e r of Yeo Keng Lim and of Goh Teck Yok. God-mother : M a r y Rodrigues.

November 18—Mary Lim, born on t h e 24th June , 1910, d a u g h t e r of L i m Long and of Teo Poh Moey. God-mother : Josephine Kessler .

* * * * C H U R C H O F OUR L A D Y O F

L O U R D E S . Bap t i sm.

November 11—Justh ine , d a u g h t e r of B . # a d j a m and Lourdesmar ie , born on November 1st, 1935. God-pa ren t s : C. Mangalam Pi l lay and Arumaiselvey.

PENANG Church of The Assumption.

Minutes of t h e Meeting held on Sunday 10th November a t 9.30 a.m.

Before t h e meeting, a g roup photograph of the Actionists was taken .

1. The minu tes of t he previous mee t ing were read and confirmed.

2. The president read out Mr. C. A. de Cruz 's let ter of res ignation. I t was decided not t o accept his res ignat ion but to relieve h im of his du ty a s Section Member.

3. I t was decided t h a t t h e rule r ega rd ing subscriptions in pa ra 3 (b) of 21st* October, 1934 should not be made applicable t o members not in employment .

4. Mr. L. I. Robles suggested t h a t a deputat ion visit t h e Catholic lepers a t Pulau Jere jak , a t Chr i s tmas t ime and br ing t h e m some presen ts .

5. Mr. Read kindly offered his services as Section Member vice Mr. C. A. de Cruz resigned. This generous offer of Mr. Read is g rea t ly appreciated by t h e Press Commit tee .

6. T h e Spir i tual Director re minded t h e mee t ing of t h e address on Co-operation to be given by Mr. G. Hawkins a n d hoped every member would be present .

MALACCA

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CHURCH O F OUR LADY OF SORROWS.

An ex t raord inary general meeting of t he Chinese Catholic Action Society was held a t t h e Parochial House a f t e r Mass on Sunday t h e 10th November 1935.

The Pres ident Mr. L a w Chi t Mun presided a t the Meeting which was largely a t t ended a n d the accounts and minutes were read out by Mr. Keong Siew Ta t t o whom t h e Society is indebted for his unceasing activities as hon. secre tary .

Ma t t e r s concerning t h e Church Rebuilding F u n d were discussed and it is a g rea t surpr ise t h a t a considerable amount has been collected. I t was unanimously agreed t h a t the re should be no change in t h e office bearers for t h e coming year . It is not out of place to record t h a t Rev. F r . De Souza, has doife his p a r t splendidly as a Spir i tual Director and t h e members a r e very grateful for h i s ^ valuable advice and guidance. T h e " meet ing was concluded wi th a vote of t h a n k s to the chair.

S INGAPORE.

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes.

REQUIEM HIGH MASS. Members and friends of the Catholic

Young Men's Association Church of Our Lady of Lourdes are requested t-> note that the Requiem High Mass for the repose of the souls k>i the d* cased members of the association wi!l be sung on Friday 29th, Nov, at 3 °>0 a.m., at the Church of Our Lady Lourdes.

REV. FR . LOURENCO.

Transferred to Macao. Tha t the Catholic Schools of

; Malacca have played a grea t p a r t in providing quite a fair share towards ecclesiastical needs, in t h e way of Pr ies t s , Nuns , and Bro thers , will be clearly demonstrated when the Por tuguese Mission Pr ies t , Reverend F a t h e r Lourenco, leaves for Macao short ly .

Reverend F a t h e r Lourenco's keenness in t h e Boy Scouts movement , in addition to his religious duties, will long be remembered, and it is gra t i fy ing to see t h a t he is to be accompanied by t h r e e pupils from t h e Saint Franc is , Inst i tut ion. Two of them a r e t h e sons of Mr. & Mrs . F . L. Lopez and t h e grandsons of Mr. & Mrs. A. G. Rodrigues of Malacca. All t h r e e will join t h e Macao Por tuguese Novit ia te wi th a view to s tudy ing for t h e Priesthood.

* * * * ST. P E T E R S ' CHURCH,

Baptism. Walter Vincent, son of George

Anthony Kessler and Clara Augus ta Kessler nee Dias; was born on Sunday t h e 27th October, 1935 and baptised on Wednesday, t h e 6th November, 1935. God-parents : Vincent E . Dias and Ed i th Constance Kessler.

* * * * FR. L. ASHNESS.

Reverend F a t h e r - Louis A s h ness, Bother of Reverend F a t h e r Ber t in Ashness , was in Malacca for t h e week end.

CHURCH OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER. Baptism.

Shirley Phi lomena de Vries , daugh te r of Roy Arnold de Vr ies and Olive May Richards, born 5 th November, 1935. Baptised 16th November, 1935. God-parents : B. N . F . Richards and Mrs. M. C. de Vries. Rev. F a t h e r Ber t in Ashness officiated.

* * * * Adrian Fernandez , son of Sebas

t ian Fernandez and Ludes Lopez of Sagil E s t a t e . Baptised 17th November, 1935. God-Fa ther : Grace Lopez. Rev. F a t h e r de Silva officiated.

* * * *

PERSONALIA. Mr. Daniel Alcantra, Deputy

Collector of Land Revenue, J a s i n , has relinquished his appointment on re t i rement due to illness. His genial and pleasing disposition will always be remembered by h is co-workers there .

Mr. Alcantra also serves as Committee member in the E u r a sian Association Malacca. We hope for his speedy recovery and happiness in his sojourn.

* * * * Ordination In Prospect.

On December 3rd in the College General, of the Society of the Paris Foreign Missions Penang will be ordained to the Priesthood, Rev. Rene Marie Ashness, son of the late James John Ashness and Clementine Ashness. His First Solemn High Mass will be celebrated at St. Francis* Chuxvh, M iTacca on December 8th. All friends and relatives are cordially invited to jttend both cerer.|onies, and also to a little reception at 150 Banda Hilir, Maucca.

KUALA LUMPUR Marr iage .

The wedding of Mr. O. F . Joseph of Mess rs . Pa te r son Simons & Co., Ltd. , Kuala L u m p u r with Miss Amalapamar i e , eldest daughter of Mr. Mariselvan, Chargeman, Railway, Teluk Anson, was solemnised on 16th November, 1935, a t St . Anthony's Church, Kua la Lumpur . The High Mass was celebrated by Rev. Fr. V. Hermann, Pa r i sh Pr ies t .

The bride, who was given away by her fa the r , looked very charming and wore a pale-rose Benares saree, r ichly laced.

After service a good number of guests and re la t ives a t tended the 'Seshai ' which was held a t No. 345, Sungei Besi Road, Pudu, Kuala Lumpur.

# • • *

ST. J O H N ' S CHURCH,

Requiem High Mass. A Requiem High Mass for the

souls in P u r g a t o r y offered by members of t h e Selangor Catholic Funeral Associat ion was sung at St. John ' s Church on Monday, 11th November , 1935, a t which Rev. F a t h e r N . Deredec officiated.

I t is a wholesome duty to pray for t he dead and it speaks well of the Association t h a t , in spite of t he inclement wea the r , t he re was a good a t t endance .

# * * • CATHOLIC CLUB GENERAL

M E E T I N G . Members of T h e Selangor Ca

tholic Club a r e reminded tha t the Annual Genera l Meet ing will be held a t t h e Club premises on Sunday 17th ins t . a t 9.30 a.m.

K L A N G . OBITUARY.

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes. The d e a t h occurred a t Kiang

on S a t u r d a y 9 t h inst . of Mrs. Lubiania de Souza a t the ripe age of 77 . T h e funeral took place at 4 p.m. t h e following day and was well a t tended. The deceased leaves behind two sons, one of w h o m is Mr, George de Souza, l a t e of t h e Chartered Bank, Kiang , two daughte r s and several grandchi ldren to mourn her loss. R.I .P.

SEREMBAN Mr. Felix Michael, Technical Assistant

of the Public Works Department, Sr-em-ban, has been elected an Assoc-ate Member of the Institute of Arch •acts of Malaya and has been duly honoured with the Institute's Diploma. Our congratulations to Mr. Felix Michael.

RENE ULLMANN for JEWELLERY of

every description and

THE BEST WATCHES R E N E U L L M A N N

Raffles Place,—Singapore.

MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY. 2Srd NOVEMBER, 1935. 19

AROUND THE PARISHES. IPOH

ACTIONISTS M E E T .

A very in te res t ing m e e t i n g of the Catholic Action Society was held on Sunday, 17th November , 1935, which was incidentally t h e eve of t h e ann ive r sa ry of t h e first meeting of t h e Society. To celebrate t h e occasion d r inks were served a t t h e close of the mee t ing .

The bus iness of t h e day opened with t h e reception of t w o new members—Messrs. R. R. Skelchy and B. M. Remedios. Th i s b r ings up the membersh ip to 26 s t rong . An appeal w a s made by t h e Pres i dent t o t h e member s t o pe r suade all good Cathol ics t o join u p .

P re s iden t Re-elected. In re-elect ing Mr. W . J . B .

Ashby, J .P . , M.C.H, to t h e presidentship of t h e Society, Rev F r . J . S. Fourgs hea r t i ly eulogized h i s work in t h e cause of Catholic Action, and testified to t h e in te res t and en thus i a sm wi th which h e always directed t h e affairs of t h e Society. He expressed t h e hope t h a t during t h e coming year t h e Society under h i s guidance would a d d still more t o i t s achievements . Mr. Ashby, t h a n k i n g F a t h e r F o u r g s fcr re-elect ing h im as Pres iden t , said t h a t t h e Society owed a g r e a t debt t o t h e i r Spir i tual Direc tor for hi? guidance in all spir i tual ma t ters a n d expressed the hope t h a t the member s would identify t hemselves m o r e and more in t h e cause of t h e l ay apostola te .

Relief for the Poor . The Sec re t a ry in g iving a brief

account of t h e benevolent section of t he Socie ty repor ted a s l i gh t f al-ling-off in t h e donations received for October. He informed t h e Meeting t h a t a full s t a t e m e n t of the act ivi t ies of th i s section would be submi t t ed to t h e m e e t i n g in January n e x t year . Respect for Our P a s t o r s 9 Advice.

Mr. A . W. Pavanar i s , in addres sing t h e m e e t i n g on t h e above subject, re la ted a few incidents t h a t had come wi th in h is knowledge to il lustrate t h e dangers to salvat ion of not heed ing t h e fa ther ly admonitions of ou r pas to rs .

Mr. Tan Boon Kwee consented to address t h e nex t mee t ing on t h e life of S t . F ranc i s Xavie r whose feast falls on December 1 5 t h — t h e date of t h e nex t meet ing.

SAM*TET PUBLIC SCHOOL. As announced in Church by Fa

ther F o u r g s las t Sunday, work on the extension of the premises of the Sam Te t Public School will be started in a few days. W i t h t h e extension completed, t he building will accommodate over 150 pupil*. As t h e p resen t enrolment is near-ing 100, i t m e a n s t h a t in a yea r or two f u r t h e r extension m a y become necessary. The present w o r k wi th the new fu rn i tu re will cost over $1,500 which amount is be ing raised by public subscription from the parishioners.

* * * * IPOH CONVENT

Exhibition Of Art And Needlework. The annual exhibition of art and

needlework at the Convent took p'a :e on Friday 15-11-35 in connectioa wi^h the usual examination.

During the afternoon visitors thixmg-ed the beautifully decorated hall and admired the artistic and well finished hand work of different kinds. The pillars of the hall were a blaze of colour, the drawings displayed varyirfg from the simple pastel work of the lower standards to the beautiful pencil pen and brush work of the higher clarses.— ("Malaya Tribune," Ipoh).

N O T E S FROM K E D A H .

The F e a s t of the Kingsh ip of Chris t was celebrated a t t he Church of the Kingship of Chris t a t Sungei Pa t an i on Sunday, October 27th . The wea the r on t h e previous day was very bad. I t rained f rom early morn ing unti l late a t n igh t bu t the next morning broke b r igh t and clear. There was a good a t tendance a t Mass and a f t e r Mass the s t a t u e of t he Sacred H e a r t was carr ied in procession round the Church, t h e choir led by Mr. J. C. A. Carr ier , s inging t h e hymn "Hail Redeemer, King Divine." Re tu rn ing to t h e Church, F a t h e r Bonamy officiated a t Benediction dur ing which t h e L i t any of t he Sacred H e a r t was sung.

F a t h e r Bonamy and F a t h e r Gi-ra rd of Kuala Lumpur visi ted Kjelantan and Trengganu las t month . Both pr ies ts said Mass a t P a d a n g Besar on t h e 7 th inst . F a t h e r Girard re turned t o h i s par ish vSa Gemas and F a t h e r Bo- j namy said another Mass a t P a d a n g j Besar on t h e 14th inst . on h i s re tu rn jou rney to Sungei P a t a n i .

S T O P P R E S S ! TWENTY NEW CARDINALS j

TO BE CREATED.

Vatican City, 20th Nov. Twenty new cardinals bring!

ing the total to 69 will probablyg be created at the Papal Consis-f

f t ory on December 16th including [gr. Hinsley, Archbishop of | Westminster and the Papal! uncios to Madrid, Paris.! ienna, Warsaw and the Arch-| ishops of Reims, Buenos AiresJ oledo and Prague, besides ten! embers of the Papal Hierarchy!

in Rome.—Renter.

(Photo by Edward Chia) The marriage took place on the 11th November at the church of St. Teresa, Kampong Bahru, between Mr. Wee Guan Hong, son of Mr. & Mrs. Wee Ham Hock and Miss Josephine Tan, daughter of Mr. Tan Cheng Kee, J.P. Miss Josephine Tan is a niece of Mrs. Lee Choon Guan, M.B.E. Rev. Fr. S. Lee officiated.

SPORTS NOTES

(Continued from page 17) MALACCA—BADMINTON.

ST. PETER'S BRIGADE JUVENILES BEAT FRASER & NEAVE.

F a t h e r Bonamy and F a t h e r Michael Seet propose to build a Doctrine House in t h e chapel compound a t Alor Star . P lans have been d rawn and submit ted to t h e San i t a ry Board for approval , and it is expected to commence building soon. The house when completed will serve to house t h e Tamil school and t h e catechism classes for t he Chinese.

By t h e kind permission of t h e Manager , Mr. C. M. Tuke, a small building on Jabi E s t a t e ha s been placed a t t h e disposal of t h e pr ies t for s ay ing Mass whenever he visi ts t h e es ta te where t h e r e a r e a considerable number of Tamil Catholics. Mr. R. J . Augus t in who is an Ass is tant on t h e es ta te , has helped t o get t h ings shipshape.

W e a r e expecting a visit from His Excellency Bishop Devals on November 23rd. Hi s Excellency will adminis te r Confirmation in the Chapel of Saint Michael a t Alor S t a r on Sunday, November 24th . In honour of t he dist inguished visi tor t h e St . Michael 's School a r e s taging a Var ie ty Ent e r t a i n m e n t on Sa tu rday . On Sunday Bishop Devals will give away t h e prizes a t t h e Convent School of St. Nicholas.

Ir; a friendly game of badminton the St. Peter's Brigade Juveniles beat the Fraser & Neave B.P. by 4 games to 2.

Scores: (S.P.BJ. players mentioned first).

Singles: Anthony beat Kok Chye. 15—12, 15—2. Choon Heng beat Kam Tong. 15—7, 15—10. Goh Eng Chuan lost to Chong Wee 11— 15, 14—14; 2—3.

Doubles: Cyril Ferras and Michael Shepherdson beat Ah Boon and Ah Nong 16—21, 21—12, 21—14. Kling and Subeir beat Kok Chye and Tian Watt 21—14, 15—21, 19—19, 5—4. Asan and S. Shepherdson lost to Chong Wee and Kam Tong 4—21, 19—19, 1—5.

QUINATES—SENTUL.

Catholic Publications published by Examiner Press.

Obtainable from their Malayan Agents,

PETER CHONCS Priests and People in Ireland, What the Catholic Church is and what

She teaches, Adventiste Doctrines, Archaic Religions, Galileo and his Condemnations, Hackel's Frauds & Forgeries, The Arch Liar Fronde, Man's Great Concern, e t c

The Quinates B.P. are the humble owners of a cement court together with a subsidiary gravel court at Lower Kovil Road, Sentul.

Recently they celebrated their First Anniversary and before the opening of the wet season the Quinates have shown great activity by summoning their surrounding sister teams for friendly matches.

Although the Quinates cannot be , classified as "A" Class players yet, the j matches played have given encouragre-1 ment to the Quinates for, the CHERRY

BLOSSOMS B.P. followed their predecessors, the RAILWAY "B" by losing to the Quinates by 2 games to 3, whilst the TULIPS B.P. defeated the Quinates by 3 games to 2, for which defeat, the Quinates won the SEJA TERA B.P. (Kampong Bahru) by 3 games to 2.

In all, the Quinates consist of 19 Members and is Captained by Mr. D. M. Arputham assisted by the party's Vice-Captain and Hon. Secretary in the persons of Messrs. C. M. Soosay and R. Govindarajalu respectively.

BOXING.

JACK BROWN BEAT BERT KIRBY. Jackie Brown, ex-flyweight champion

of the world, beat Bert Kirby of Birmingham. The referee stopped the fight in the 12th and last round.

Beautiful Cemetery Memorials in

Marble and Granite. Photographs and prices sent on

application. N O O B L I G A T I O N T O P U R C H A S E

SINGAPORE CASKET CO. U N D E R T A K E R S A N D M O N U M E N T A L .

M A S O N S .

Nos. 1 & 3, Penhas Road, SINGAPORE.

Telephone No. 6075.


AROUND THE PARISHES SINGAPORE, PENANG, MALACCA, KUALA LUMPUR, IPOH, SEREMBAN

KLANG, KEDAH SINGAPORE

CATHEDRAL OP THE GCK. D SHEPHERD

Baptism.

November 11.—Philomena Geda, d a u g h t e r of B a s t U n A n t o Fernandez and Marie A n n Fernandez , born on October 23 , 1935. Godparents A n d r e w Joseph Fernandez and Erne. Fernandez .

November 16.—Thelma Theresa , d a u g h t e r of Ivan F a r g u s Gal is tan and Ger t rude Leonie

• Gal is tan, born on November 4, 1935. Godparen ts Joseph G. Undasan and Lily Pe^eira .

November 1 6 — E d w a r d Andrew, son of Guy M u s k e t t Y e t t s and E y a t Ye t t s , born on Decemb e r 12, 1910. Godfa ther Brot h e r Dennis .

November 16.—Mariana Ani ta , d a u g h t e r of Noel Clayton d 9 A ' r a n j o and Josephine d 'Aranjo, born on November 2, 1935. Godparents Be r t i e Vincent Mi randa and Ca the r i n e Fernandez .

November 16. — A n n K a t h r y n , d a u g h t e r of H e r b e r t Claude G r ^ n t Wat son and Aileen Marguer i t e Cady Gran t W a t son, born on A u g u s t 7, 1935. Godparents Gerald Cady Mc T u e r n y and M a r t h a Rodwell.

* * * * D E A T H .

. Novermber 14, 1935, a t t h e General Hospital , Singapore, J o h n Donno, in his 55fh year .

* * * * C H U R C H O F ST. J O S E P H .

Baptisms. November 16 .—Frankie Wilfred

J ansen , born on t h e 20th Nov. 1931, son of N o r m a n Vic tor J a n s e n and of M a r y Lim. Godp a r e n t s : Phi l ip Jansen and Mar i an Jansen .

November 16—Henry Joseph J a n sen, born on t h e 20 th May, 1935, son of N o r m a n Vic tor J a n s e n and of Mary Lim. God-paren t s : J a m e s Wilfred Monteiro and A g n e s Jansen .

November 16—Theresa Leong Yuen Lim, born on t h e 1st Augus t , 1919, d a u g h t e r of Mr. and Mrs . Leong Cheong K a i t Godp a r e n t s : Mar ia Chia.

November 16—Peggie Ida de Ro-zario, born on t h e 6 th Nov. 1935, d a u g h t e r of Melville de Rozario a n d of Ida Rozario. Godp a r e n t s : F ranc i s Zuzar te and El iza da Costa.

November 16—Millicent Ca ther ine S a n t a Maria, born on t h e 12th October, 1935, d a u g h t e r of Alexa n d e r San ta Mar ia and of Dorot h y Ger t rude S a n t a Mar ia . God-pa ren t s : E d w a r d Gonsalez and I r in This t le S a n t a Mar ia .

November 16—Cecilia Yeo, born on t h e 5 th December, 1901, d a u g h t e r of Yeo Keng Lim and of Goh Teck Yok. God-mother : M a r y Rodrigues.

November 18—Mary Lim, born on t h e 24th June , 1910, d a u g h t e r of L i m Long and of Teo Poh Moey. God-mother : Josephine Kessler .

* * * * C H U R C H O F OUR L A D Y O F

L O U R D E S . Bap t i sm.

November 11—Justh ine , d a u g h t e r of B . # a d j a m and Lourdesmar ie , born on November 1st, 1935. God-pa ren t s : C. Mangalam Pi l lay and Arumaiselvey.

PENANG Church of The Assumption.

Minutes of t h e Meeting held on Sunday 10th November a t 9.30 a.m.

Before t h e meeting, a g roup photograph of the Actionists was taken .

1. The minu tes of t he previous mee t ing were read and confirmed.

2. The president read out Mr. C. A. de Cruz 's let ter of res ignation. I t was decided not t o accept his res ignat ion but to relieve h im of his du ty a s Section Member.

3. I t was decided t h a t t h e rule r ega rd ing subscriptions in pa ra 3 (b) of 21st* October, 1934 should not be made applicable t o members not in employment .

4. Mr. L. I. Robles suggested t h a t a deputat ion visit t h e Catholic lepers a t Pulau Jere jak , a t Chr i s tmas t ime and br ing t h e m some presen ts .

5. Mr. Read kindly offered his services as Section Member vice Mr. C. A. de Cruz resigned. This generous offer of Mr. Read is g rea t ly appreciated by t h e Press Commit tee .

6. T h e Spir i tual Director re minded t h e mee t ing of t h e address on Co-operation to be given by Mr. G. Hawkins a n d hoped every member would be present .

MALACCA

W A N T E D " 3 Energe t i c Catholic Sales

men t o work in Selangor, N . Sembilan a n d Perak to sell a well adver t i sed Book on Commission bas is . (Catholic Encyclopaedic Dictionary) Cash secur i t y of $ 1 5 0 / - each is required." Apply Box No. 127, K. Lumpur .

CHURCH O F OUR LADY OF SORROWS.

An ex t raord inary general meeting of t he Chinese Catholic Action Society was held a t t h e Parochial House a f t e r Mass on Sunday t h e 10th November 1935.

The Pres ident Mr. L a w Chi t Mun presided a t the Meeting which was largely a t t ended a n d the accounts and minutes were read out by Mr. Keong Siew Ta t t o whom t h e Society is indebted for his unceasing activities as hon. secre tary .

Ma t t e r s concerning t h e Church Rebuilding F u n d were discussed and it is a g rea t surpr ise t h a t a considerable amount has been collected. I t was unanimously agreed t h a t the re should be no change in t h e office bearers for t h e coming year . It is not out of place to record t h a t Rev. F r . De Souza, has doife his p a r t splendidly as a Spir i tual Director and t h e members a r e very grateful for h i s ^ valuable advice and guidance. T h e " meet ing was concluded wi th a vote of t h a n k s to the chair.

S INGAPORE.

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes.

REQUIEM HIGH MASS. Members and friends of the Catholic

Young Men's Association Church of Our Lady of Lourdes are requested t-> note that the Requiem High Mass for the repose of the souls k>i the d* cased members of the association wi!l be sung on Friday 29th, Nov, at 3 °>0 a.m., at the Church of Our Lady Lourdes.

REV. FR . LOURENCO.

Transferred to Macao. Tha t the Catholic Schools of

; Malacca have played a grea t p a r t in providing quite a fair share towards ecclesiastical needs, in t h e way of Pr ies t s , Nuns , and Bro thers , will be clearly demonstrated when the Por tuguese Mission Pr ies t , Reverend F a t h e r Lourenco, leaves for Macao short ly .

Reverend F a t h e r Lourenco's keenness in t h e Boy Scouts movement , in addition to his religious duties, will long be remembered, and it is gra t i fy ing to see t h a t he is to be accompanied by t h r e e pupils from t h e Saint Franc is , Inst i tut ion. Two of them a r e t h e sons of Mr. & Mrs . F . L. Lopez and t h e grandsons of Mr. & Mrs. A. G. Rodrigues of Malacca. All t h r e e will join t h e Macao Por tuguese Novit ia te wi th a view to s tudy ing for t h e Priesthood.

* * * * ST. P E T E R S ' CHURCH,

Baptism. Walter Vincent, son of George

Anthony Kessler and Clara Augus ta Kessler nee Dias; was born on Sunday t h e 27th October, 1935 and baptised on Wednesday, t h e 6th November, 1935. God-parents : Vincent E . Dias and Ed i th Constance Kessler.

* * * * FR. L. ASHNESS.

Reverend F a t h e r - Louis A s h ness, Bother of Reverend F a t h e r Ber t in Ashness , was in Malacca for t h e week end.

CHURCH OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER. Baptism.

Shirley Phi lomena de Vries , daugh te r of Roy Arnold de Vr ies and Olive May Richards, born 5 th November, 1935. Baptised 16th November, 1935. God-parents : B. N . F . Richards and Mrs. M. C. de Vries. Rev. F a t h e r Ber t in Ashness officiated.

* * * * Adrian Fernandez , son of Sebas

t ian Fernandez and Ludes Lopez of Sagil E s t a t e . Baptised 17th November, 1935. God-Fa ther : Grace Lopez. Rev. F a t h e r de Silva officiated.

* * * *

PERSONALIA. Mr. Daniel Alcantra, Deputy

Collector of Land Revenue, J a s i n , has relinquished his appointment on re t i rement due to illness. His genial and pleasing disposition will always be remembered by h is co-workers there .

Mr. Alcantra also serves as Committee member in the E u r a sian Association Malacca. We hope for his speedy recovery and happiness in his sojourn.

* * * * Ordination In Prospect.

On December 3rd in the College General, of the Society of the Paris Foreign Missions Penang will be ordained to the Priesthood, Rev. Rene Marie Ashness, son of the late James John Ashness and Clementine Ashness. His First Solemn High Mass will be celebrated at St. Francis* Chuxvh, M iTacca on December 8th. All friends and relatives are cordially invited to jttend both cerer.|onies, and also to a little reception at 150 Banda Hilir, Maucca.

KUALA LUMPUR Marr iage .

The wedding of Mr. O. F . Joseph of Mess rs . Pa te r son Simons & Co., Ltd. , Kuala L u m p u r with Miss Amalapamar i e , eldest daughter of Mr. Mariselvan, Chargeman, Railway, Teluk Anson, was solemnised on 16th November, 1935, a t St . Anthony's Church, Kua la Lumpur . The High Mass was celebrated by Rev. Fr. V. Hermann, Pa r i sh Pr ies t .

The bride, who was given away by her fa the r , looked very charming and wore a pale-rose Benares saree, r ichly laced.

After service a good number of guests and re la t ives a t tended the 'Seshai ' which was held a t No. 345, Sungei Besi Road, Pudu, Kuala Lumpur.

# • • *

ST. J O H N ' S CHURCH,

Requiem High Mass. A Requiem High Mass for the

souls in P u r g a t o r y offered by members of t h e Selangor Catholic Funeral Associat ion was sung at St. John ' s Church on Monday, 11th November , 1935, a t which Rev. F a t h e r N . Deredec officiated.

I t is a wholesome duty to pray for t he dead and it speaks well of the Association t h a t , in spite of t he inclement wea the r , t he re was a good a t t endance .

# * * • CATHOLIC CLUB GENERAL

M E E T I N G . Members of T h e Selangor Ca

tholic Club a r e reminded tha t the Annual Genera l Meet ing will be held a t t h e Club premises on Sunday 17th ins t . a t 9.30 a.m.

K L A N G . OBITUARY.

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes. The d e a t h occurred a t Kiang

on S a t u r d a y 9 t h inst . of Mrs. Lubiania de Souza a t the ripe age of 77 . T h e funeral took place at 4 p.m. t h e following day and was well a t tended. The deceased leaves behind two sons, one of w h o m is Mr, George de Souza, l a t e of t h e Chartered Bank, Kiang , two daughte r s and several grandchi ldren to mourn her loss. R.I .P.

SEREMBAN Mr. Felix Michael, Technical Assistant

of the Public Works Department, Sr-em-ban, has been elected an Assoc-ate Member of the Institute of Arch •acts of Malaya and has been duly honoured with the Institute's Diploma. Our congratulations to Mr. Felix Michael.

RENE ULLMANN for JEWELLERY of

every description and

THE BEST WATCHES R E N E U L L M A N N

Raffles Place,—Singapore.

MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY. 2Srd NOVEMBER, 1935. 19

AROUND THE PARISHES. IPOH

ACTIONISTS M E E T .

A very in te res t ing m e e t i n g of the Catholic Action Society was held on Sunday, 17th November , 1935, which was incidentally t h e eve of t h e ann ive r sa ry of t h e first meeting of t h e Society. To celebrate t h e occasion d r inks were served a t t h e close of the mee t ing .

The bus iness of t h e day opened with t h e reception of t w o new members—Messrs. R. R. Skelchy and B. M. Remedios. Th i s b r ings up the membersh ip to 26 s t rong . An appeal w a s made by t h e Pres i dent t o t h e member s t o pe r suade all good Cathol ics t o join u p .

P re s iden t Re-elected. In re-elect ing Mr. W . J . B .

Ashby, J .P . , M.C.H, to t h e presidentship of t h e Society, Rev F r . J . S. Fourgs hea r t i ly eulogized h i s work in t h e cause of Catholic Action, and testified to t h e in te res t and en thus i a sm wi th which h e always directed t h e affairs of t h e Society. He expressed t h e hope t h a t during t h e coming year t h e Society under h i s guidance would a d d still more t o i t s achievements . Mr. Ashby, t h a n k i n g F a t h e r F o u r g s fcr re-elect ing h im as Pres iden t , said t h a t t h e Society owed a g r e a t debt t o t h e i r Spir i tual Direc tor for hi? guidance in all spir i tual ma t ters a n d expressed the hope t h a t the member s would identify t hemselves m o r e and more in t h e cause of t h e l ay apostola te .

Relief for the Poor . The Sec re t a ry in g iving a brief

account of t h e benevolent section of t he Socie ty repor ted a s l i gh t f al-ling-off in t h e donations received for October. He informed t h e Meeting t h a t a full s t a t e m e n t of the act ivi t ies of th i s section would be submi t t ed to t h e m e e t i n g in January n e x t year . Respect for Our P a s t o r s 9 Advice.

Mr. A . W. Pavanar i s , in addres sing t h e m e e t i n g on t h e above subject, re la ted a few incidents t h a t had come wi th in h is knowledge to il lustrate t h e dangers to salvat ion of not heed ing t h e fa ther ly admonitions of ou r pas to rs .

Mr. Tan Boon Kwee consented to address t h e nex t mee t ing on t h e life of S t . F ranc i s Xavie r whose feast falls on December 1 5 t h — t h e date of t h e nex t meet ing.

SAM*TET PUBLIC SCHOOL. As announced in Church by Fa

ther F o u r g s las t Sunday, work on the extension of the premises of the Sam Te t Public School will be started in a few days. W i t h t h e extension completed, t he building will accommodate over 150 pupil*. As t h e p resen t enrolment is near-ing 100, i t m e a n s t h a t in a yea r or two f u r t h e r extension m a y become necessary. The present w o r k wi th the new fu rn i tu re will cost over $1,500 which amount is be ing raised by public subscription from the parishioners.

* * * * IPOH CONVENT

Exhibition Of Art And Needlework. The annual exhibition of art and

needlework at the Convent took p'a :e on Friday 15-11-35 in connectioa wi^h the usual examination.

During the afternoon visitors thixmg-ed the beautifully decorated hall and admired the artistic and well finished hand work of different kinds. The pillars of the hall were a blaze of colour, the drawings displayed varyirfg from the simple pastel work of the lower standards to the beautiful pencil pen and brush work of the higher clarses.— ("Malaya Tribune," Ipoh).

N O T E S FROM K E D A H .

The F e a s t of the Kingsh ip of Chris t was celebrated a t t he Church of the Kingship of Chris t a t Sungei Pa t an i on Sunday, October 27th . The wea the r on t h e previous day was very bad. I t rained f rom early morn ing unti l late a t n igh t bu t the next morning broke b r igh t and clear. There was a good a t tendance a t Mass and a f t e r Mass the s t a t u e of t he Sacred H e a r t was carr ied in procession round the Church, t h e choir led by Mr. J. C. A. Carr ier , s inging t h e hymn "Hail Redeemer, King Divine." Re tu rn ing to t h e Church, F a t h e r Bonamy officiated a t Benediction dur ing which t h e L i t any of t he Sacred H e a r t was sung.

F a t h e r Bonamy and F a t h e r Gi-ra rd of Kuala Lumpur visi ted Kjelantan and Trengganu las t month . Both pr ies ts said Mass a t P a d a n g Besar on t h e 7 th inst . F a t h e r Girard re turned t o h i s par ish vSa Gemas and F a t h e r Bo- j namy said another Mass a t P a d a n g j Besar on t h e 14th inst . on h i s re tu rn jou rney to Sungei P a t a n i .

S T O P P R E S S ! TWENTY NEW CARDINALS j

TO BE CREATED.

Vatican City, 20th Nov. Twenty new cardinals bring!

ing the total to 69 will probablyg be created at the Papal Consis-f

f t ory on December 16th including [gr. Hinsley, Archbishop of | Westminster and the Papal! uncios to Madrid, Paris.! ienna, Warsaw and the Arch-| ishops of Reims, Buenos AiresJ oledo and Prague, besides ten! embers of the Papal Hierarchy!

in Rome.—Renter.

(Photo by Edward Chia) The marriage took place on the 11th November at the church of St. Teresa, Kampong Bahru, between Mr. Wee Guan Hong, son of Mr. & Mrs. Wee Ham Hock and Miss Josephine Tan, daughter of Mr. Tan Cheng Kee, J.P. Miss Josephine Tan is a niece of Mrs. Lee Choon Guan, M.B.E. Rev. Fr. S. Lee officiated.

SPORTS NOTES

(Continued from page 17) MALACCA—BADMINTON.

ST. PETER'S BRIGADE JUVENILES BEAT FRASER & NEAVE.

F a t h e r Bonamy and F a t h e r Michael Seet propose to build a Doctrine House in t h e chapel compound a t Alor Star . P lans have been d rawn and submit ted to t h e San i t a ry Board for approval , and it is expected to commence building soon. The house when completed will serve to house t h e Tamil school and t h e catechism classes for t he Chinese.

By t h e kind permission of t h e Manager , Mr. C. M. Tuke, a small building on Jabi E s t a t e ha s been placed a t t h e disposal of t h e pr ies t for s ay ing Mass whenever he visi ts t h e es ta te where t h e r e a r e a considerable number of Tamil Catholics. Mr. R. J . Augus t in who is an Ass is tant on t h e es ta te , has helped t o get t h i n g s shipshape.

W e a r e expecting a visit from His Excellency Bishop Devals on November 23rd. Hi s Excellency will adminis te r Confirmation in the Chapel of Saint Michael a t Alor S t a r on Sunday, November 24th . In honour of t he dist inguished visi tor t h e St . Michael 's School a r e s taging a Var ie ty Ent e r t a i n m e n t on Sa tu rday . On Sunday Bishop Devals will give away t h e prizes a t t h e Convent School of St. Nicholas.

Ir; a friendly game of badminton the St. Peter's Brigade Juveniles beat the Fraser & Neave B.P. by 4 games to 2.

Scores: (S.P.BJ. players mentioned first).

Singles: Anthony beat Kok Chye. 15—12, 15—2. Choon Heng beat Kam Tong. 15—7, 15—10. Goh Eng Chuan lost to Chong Wee 11— 15, 14—14; 2—3.

Doubles: Cyril Ferras and Michael Shepherdson beat Ah Boon and Ah Nong 16—21, 21—12, 21—14. Kling and Subeir beat Kok Chye and Tian Watt 21—14, 15—21, 19—19, 5—4. Asan and S. Shepherdson lost to Chong Wee and Kam Tong 4—21, 19—19, 1—5.

QUINATES—SENTUL.

Catholic Publications published by Examiner Press.

Obtainable from their Malayan Agents,

PETER CHONCS Priests and People in Ireland, What the Catholic Church is and what

She teaches, Adventiste Doctrines, Archaic Religions, Galileo and his Condemnations, Hackel's Frauds & Forgeries, The Arch Liar Fronde, Man's Great Concern, e t c

The Quinates B.P. are the humble owners of a cement court together with a subsidiary gravel court at Lower Kovil Road, Sentul.

Recently they celebrated their First Anniversary and before the opening of the wet season the Quinates have shown great activity by summoning their surrounding sister teams for friendly matches.

Although the Quinates cannot be , classified as "A" Class players yet, the j matches played have given encouragre-1 ment to the Quinates for, the CHERRY

BLOSSOMS B.P. followed their predecessors, the RAILWAY "B" by losing to the Quinates by 2 games to 3, whilst the TULIPS B.P. defeated the Quinates by 3 games to 2, for which defeat, the Quinates won the SEJA TERA B.P. (Kampong Bahru) by 3 games to 2.

In all, the Quinates consist of 19 Members and is Captained by Mr. D. M. Arputham assisted by the party's Vice-Captain and Hon. Secretary in the persons of Messrs. C. M. Soosay and R. Govindarajalu respectively.

BOXING.

JACK BROWN BEAT BERT KIRBY. Jackie Brown, ex-flyweight champion

of the world, beat Bert Kirby of Birmingham. The referee stopped the fight in the 12th and last round.

Beautiful Cemetery Memorials in

Marble and Granite. Photographs and prices sent on

application. N O O B L I G A T I O N T O P U R C H A S E

SINGAPORE CASKET CO. U N D E R T A K E R S A N D M O N U M E N T A L .

M A S O N S .

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Telephone No. 6075.

at hotir O F F I C I A L O R G A N O F C A T H O L I C A C T I O N

PUBLISHED WEEKLY.

20 Pages. No. 47. M A L A Y A CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, 23rd NOVEMBER, 1935. 10 Cents.

W E E K ' S G A L L E R Y O F PICTURES

if m • •

T O P - L E F T : — R e v . Fr. Jose Machado Lourenco of the Portuguese Mission who is transferred from the Church of St. Peter, Malacca, to the 'City of the Name of God* (Macao). He leaves Malaya after a sojourn of about three years in Singapore and Malacca.

RIGHT:—Little Ones at the 'May

Pole9 with a group of interested

spectators awaiting their turn,

at the attractions provided at

the Penang Convent Exhibition.

BOTTOM:—A view of the taste

fully laid out stalls displaying

various art and handwork of the

Pupils of the Penang Convent at

the recent Exhibition.

Published by Rcr. Fr. Cardon »ad Printed by Lithographer* Limited, 57/SS, Wallich Street, Singapore, S.S.

/

e : s . o.

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They have been an effective auxiliary to the pulpit in spreading the Faiths-

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20 Pages. No. 48. SINGAPORE, SATURDAY, 30th NOVEMBER, 1935. 10 cents.

PERSECUTION OF CHURCH IN BOLSHEVIK - u m m i o M M i m i i D m u i i i H i o u i i i i H i H ^ §

I I T O W O R K E R S RUSSIA FEW CHURCHES AND CHAPELS

REMAIN OPEN. o

MOST CLERGY DEAD, DEPORTED OR IN PRISON CAMPS.

U R O M various sources, reports on the religious situation in Soviet Russia have of late been published in many countries. The im

plied tendency of all these articles, taken as a whole, seems to be that in the U.S.S.R. the land of openly avowed atheism, there is to be a diminution of violent unmasked persecution of religious believers. Indeed, one correspondent, reporting an authoritative source of his news, the relatively recent pronouncements of* A . Lukachevsky, vice-chairman of the Militant Atheists (end of July, 1935), wrote that a greater degree of religious toleration would henceforth be enjoyed, as a result of a change of tactics in the activities of this Society of Militant Atheists. Catholics in the United States

and throughout the world are naturally desirous of learning of the actual prevailing condition of the Church in a country where diabolical fury and hatred have continually assaulted their common universal faith for 18 years. The sole purpose of this article is to satisfy this legitimate desire being an evident manifestation of our communion of prayer and spiritual interests.

On the eve of the Bolshevik revolution, there were in the then existing Russia, five Catholic Dioceses, with seminaries. There were: (1) The Archdiocese of Mohilev, to which was attached the Apostolic Administration of Minsk; (2) the Diocese of Vi lna ; (3) The Diocese of Tielchi or Samogitlav; (4) the Diocese of Loutsk-Jitomir; (5) the Diocese of Tiraspol with Episcopal residence at Saratov.

Actually the Archdiocese of Mihilev has lost part of White Russia, ceded to Poland and no longer comprises the territories oi: Latvia, Esthonia and Finland. It still includes nearly all of Great Russia, a portion of the Ukraine and of White Russia, all of Siberia and Central As ia . It is the largest Diocese existing in the world. The entire Diocese of Vilna has been returned partly to Lithuania and partly to Poland. The Diocese of Tielchi is now entirely in Lithuania. The Diocese of Jitomir has lost certain portions of Podolia, and Volynia, ceded to Poland. This Diocese embraces the remaining portions of Podolia and Volynia still belonging to Soviet Russia as well as that amount of territory

formerly under the jurisdiction of the government of Kiev. It is entirely situated in the Ukraine. The diocese of Tiraspol no longer has Bessarabia, surrendered to the Roumanians, but it still includes all the territory situated on the inferior course of the rivers Volga and Don, plus New Russia (Odessa), Crimea and all of the Caucasus.

A t the present time all the old Dioceses have gone out of existence and, in 1926, were replaced by ten Apostolic Administrations. Two of the Apostolic Administrators are Bishops. There are no other Bishops in all of the U.S.S.R. A l l the seminaries have been closed and, since 1918, it has been impossible to insure the ordination of new priests.

Following are a few statistics concerning three of the former dioceses which still exist in Soviet Russia in spite of various wars and the last revolution.

(1) Archdiocese of Mohilev and the dependent diocese of Minsk:

In 1917: 472 priests; 337 churches and chapels; 1,160,546 Catholics.

In 1926: 85 priests of thi« diocese remained in Russia; 151 priests were obliged to l*ave Russia; 18 priests were pursuing major studies abroad; 11 priests were in prison. In that year there remained 296 churches and chapels.

In 1935: There are but 16 cf the 85 priests left. The other 69 are imprisoned, deported or condemned to hard labour. A few have been exchanged as hostages and


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november 23, 1935, vol 01, n0 47

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