november 2, 2017 curtis degasperi king county science and ... · project team: brandi lubliner,...
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November 2, 2017Curtis DeGasperi
King CountyScience and Technical Support Section
Project Team: Brandi Lubliner, Ecology/SAM Coordinator; Rich Sheibley, USGS; Chad Larson, Ecology; Leska Fore, Puget Sound Partnership
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Clean Water Act (1972 and subsequent amendments) ◦ “The objective of this Act is to restore and
maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.”
The Clean Water Act celebrated its 45th
birthday on October 18, 2017!
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Status & Trends◦ Small streams◦ Marine nearshore
Effectiveness Studies Source Identification
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•Status: How bad is it?•Trends: Are things getting better
or worse?
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Need to set thresholds for good, fair, and poor◦ Fixed thresholds (e.g., literature, state standards)◦ Distribution based thresholds (from ‘least-disturbed’ reference sites)
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Puget Lowland Small Streams ◦ Site selection – Summer 2014◦ Monitoring for monthly WQ Jan – Dec 2015◦ Stream habitat and sediment Summer 2015
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Monthly water quality◦ Nutrients, fecal coliform, hardness,
DOC, T, DO, pH, TSS, turbidity◦ Metals (total/dissolved)◦ PAHs◦ Stage and stream discharge
Summer Watershed Health◦ Benthic macroinvertebrates◦ Periphyton◦ Physical habitat◦ Sediment chemistry (sieved)
◦ PAHs, phthalates, roadside use pesticides, PCBs, PBDEs, metals, TOC
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Analogous to modern polling methods A complete census is not possible Survey-based sampling is efficient Survey-based sampling provides
confidence bounds on results
We avoided this:
Prior to the 1948 presidential election, polling methods were not based on random polling.
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A total of 105 Watershed Health sites
Monthly water quality sampling attempted at 80 sites, but with mixed success due to unusually low flows in 2015
Sampling was also spatially balanced
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Leveraged USGS NAWQA study GIS expertise – Sheibley et al. (2017)
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Reference OUGA WUGA
Watershed land cover
%Developed %Agriculture %Forest %Wetlands
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Reference OUGA WUGA
Riparian land cover (50 m buffer)
%Developed %Agriculture %Forest %Wetlands
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Detection Freqency Detection FreqencyParameter Outside UGA Within UGA Parameter Outside UGA Within UGAAmmonia B A Naphthalene C BArsenic A A Zinc C BArsenic dissolved A A Zinc dissolved C BChloride A A 1-Methylnaphthalene C CChromium A A 2-Methylnaphthalene C CChromium dissolved B A Acenaphthene C CCopper A A Acenaphthylene C CCopper dissolved A A Anthracene C CDissolved Organic Carbon A A Benz(a)anthracene C CFecal coliform A A Benzo(a)pyrene C CHardness as CaCO3 A A Benzo(b)fluoranthene C CNitrite-Nitrate A A Benzo(g,h,i)perylene C COrtho-phosphate A A Benzo(k)fluoranthene C CTotal Nitrogen A A Cadmium C CTotal Phosphorus A A Cadmium dissolved C CTotal Suspended Solids A A Carbazole C CLead B B Chrysene C C
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene C CDibenzofuran C CFluoranthene C CFluorene C CIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene C CLead dissolved C CPCN-002 C CPhenanthrene C CPyrene C CRetene C CSilver C CSilver dissolved C CTotal Benzofluoranthenes C C
Detection Frequency Detection FrequencyParameter Outside UGA Within UGA Parameter Outside UGA Within UGAArsenic A A 1-Methylnaphthalene C CCadmium A A 2,4-D C CChromium A A 2-Methylnaphthalene C CCopper A A Acenaphthene C CDichlobenil A A Acenaphthylene C CLead A A Anthracene C BRetene A A Benz(a)anthracene C BTotal PBDE A A Benzo(a)pyrene C BTotal PCB A A Benzo(b)fluoranthene C BZinc A A Benzo(g,h,i)perylene C BBis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate B A Benzo(k)fluoranthene C BSilver B A Butyl benzyl phthalate C C
Carbaryl C CCarbazole C CChlorpyrifos C CChrysene C ADCPMU C CDibenzo(a,h)anthracene C CDibenzofuran C CDibutyl phthalate C CDiethyl phthalate C CDimethyl phthalate C CDi-N-Octyl Phthalate C CDiuron C CFluoranthene C AFluorene C CIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene C BNaphthalene C CPCN-002 C CPhenanthrene C BPyrene C ATotal Benzofluoranthenes C BTotal PAH C ATriclopyr C C
Water Quality ---------
Detected >50% of time ADetected 20-50% of time BDetected <20% of time C
Sediment Quality -----
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Biological condition was generally worse in small streams within UGAs compared to streams outside UGAs
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Outside UGA Within UGA
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Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity Trophic Diatom Index
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Status based on WQI somewhat worse inside vs outside UGAs. Temperature status similar inside vs outside.
Greater proportion of stream length within UGAs in poor condition based on Fecal Coliform bacteria and Total Phosphorus
Annual Water Quality Index Fecal Coliform Bacteria Temperature Total Phosphorus
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th>16 oC <16 oC
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>100 FC/100 mL <100 FC/100 mL
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Highest concentrations measured typically occurred within UGAs
Zinc concentrations distinctly elevated within UGAs
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Cadmium Chromium Zinc Total PAH
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Habitat in poor condition similar within and outside UGAs except for wood volume and pool area
Habitat poor + fair condition similar within and outside UGAs except for stream substrate status
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Riparian Condition Large Wood Volume Residual Pool Area Median Particle Size (D50)
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•What are the causes of poor biological condition?
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Assumes causal relationship between stressor and biological response
Assumes stressor’s effects would be completely reversed if stressor were eliminated
Assumes the effects of multiple stressors are independent and act in isolation from other stressors
Stressor Biological Response
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Watershed Canopy Cover
B-IBI Scores
Riparian Canopy Cover
Watershed %Urban Development
Substrate Median Particle Diameter
Total Nitrogen in water
Stream Embeddedness
Chloride in water
Total Phosphorus in water
Sediment Zinc
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Watershed Canopy Cover
Riparian Canopy Cover
Watershed %Urban Development
Substrate Median Particle Diameter
Total Nitrogen in water
Stream Embeddedness
Chloride in water
Total Phosphorus in water
Sediment Zinc
Watershed Canopy Cover
Riparian Canopy Cover
Watershed %Urban Development
Substrate Median Particle Diameter
Total Nitrogen in water
Stream Embeddedness
Chloride in water
Total Phosphorus in water
Sediment Zinc
Relative Risk Attributable Risk
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Draft report in progress Compete draft report for review by December 2017 Final report completed by March 2017
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