november 19, 2010, seminar @ ustc

CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) USTC, Nov ’10 1

November 19, 2010, Seminar @ USTC

In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more

⊳


I. Intro: Why are we here?

II. The B Factories, the KM Nobel — and the Shortfall

III. NTUHEP and its Exploits

IV. A Prediction of sinsin22BBss a priori — from AAKK

V. A Eureka Moment : Heavenly CPV !?

VI. In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more

Outline


I. Intro: Why are we here?

MatterMatter !!

Matter Matter (?)

Antimatter: 0%

CPV & BAU: The Sakharov View

Bang

Us

14Byr

• Baryon Number V iolation• CP Violation

• Deviation from Equilibrium

PairAnnihilation

( CMB ’s )

1010-9-9 MatterMatter leftleft !!

Equal Matter -Antimatter

(1967)

Why

are

we

here

?

ary

on

sym

met

ry

niv

erse

DiscoveryDiscovery of CP Violation Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 138 (1964)

! Sakharov for .... Small Too :102 3

Sakharov Stimulated by ...

1980 Nobel

CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase

Particle Anti

Particle

CP Violation Primer

QM

i

i

CPVCPV


Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of SMSM

Unitary3x3 “Rotation”

0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV

Need to be Nontrivial for CPVCPV

► ►

dj

ui

WW –Jgg VVijij

WW

Wolfenstein parametrization

3 Generations Needed

1973


II. The B Factories, the KM Nobel, and the Shortfall


The Two B Factories

Mt. Tsukuba

PEP-II

KEKB

BelleBaBar

Differ only in PIDDIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF

Tag Flavor


Purpose of B Factory

Measure sin2 via TCPV in B → J/KS

How did this allcome about ?


CP conserv.

A: Decay Amplitude

M12 : Mixing Amplitude

A

M12 Ā

CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference

T-dep. CPV Primer

B0B0 B0 B0 Oscillations: ei m tM12

CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference

BB

BB

Interference of Two Types of Phases

CPV V*2

td

“Double Slit”


CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase

Particle Process Anti Particle Process

CP Violation Primer

22 = = mm tt

22 = = argarg VVtdtd

TCPV:


A = C for BaBar: Mass Difference00 B-B

: CP Eigenvalue of final state f

: state at time t from at t = 0

:

1

CPV Phase in Mixing

Measure

Time-dependent CPV (TCPV) Asymmetry

DCPV

Carter-Sanda; Bigi-Sanda 1980-81

sin2


a big boost !


The Two B Factories

Mt. Tsukuba

PEP-II

KEKB

BelleBaBar

Differ only in PIDDIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF

Tag Flavor

Asymmetric Energy !

P. Oddone, 1987P. Oddone, 1987


One B Decay Tag Flavor

Other B Decay CP Eigenstate

Measure Both Decay Vertex

J/KS, ’KSKS KS 2001 !

Belle

B decays in ~ picosecond

The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B → J/KS

z t

B0 or B0


b d transitions consistent with SM

β


KM Phase Confirmed by Experiment ~ 2001

Area ≠ 0

1964


"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokensymmetry in subatomic physics"

"for the discoverdiscovery of the originorigin of the broken symmetry which predictpredicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008

Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University

Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa

1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize

USA Japan Japan

Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan

Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan

b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)

b. 1944 b. 1940

CP Violationin SM

7 October 2008

B Factories(BaBar & Belle)


CPVCPV so far only observed in KM ...

• Nontrivial CPV Phase

Nontrivial • All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate,

Otherwise Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish.

Jarlskog Invariant (1985) for CPVCPV


CPViff

J ≠


2010 KM ~

B.A.U. from CPVCPV in KM in KM ? The Lore.

Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV

Masses too Small !

103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP0

nnB

Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)

103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM

CPV Phase

Small, but not Too small

Too Small in SMToo Small in SM

EW Phase Transition TemperatureEW Phase Transition Temperature~ v.e.v.~ v.e.v.

Why Repeat ? “Flavor Problem”

v.e.v.v.e.v.

(u, d,) s, c, b quarks too light

the Shortfall : KM misses BAUBAU by at least ...


III. NTUHEP and its Exploits


The Two B Factories

Mt. Tsukuba

PEP-II

KEKB

Asymmetric Energy !

P. Oddone, 1987P. Oddone, 1987

Inadvertantly lead to my return to Taiwan in 1992


My CPV Internship

a few remarks ...


becoming semi-expert

Bander-Silverman-Soni phase/mech.1979

Invitation to Blois


PSI B Project died 2 weeks

after I arrived ...

CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 28

I Intro • Sprinkling of Flavor/CPV — “Heaven on Earth” 12

II Entrance: Hardware 6

III Science Output from Taiwan BelleTaiwan Belle

Rare Decays Direct CPV 4

TCPV 5

Offshoots /Discovery 6

Prowess 4

IV Hints for New PhysicsHints for New Physics: S,,

Dh / ppK

Sf / VV pol.

Objective

... a dramatic “Career Doubling”— founder/pusher of NTUHEP

Built EFC Participate SVD2 ~ 20% of all

Belle papers !

Observed !Observed !

A

TCPV

could not have planned th

is


Strategy: Rare Decays Direct CPV

Part of motivation for starting T-Belle is Density of B-phenomenologistsDensity of B-phenomenologists — Hai-Yang Cheng (AS) Xiao-Gang He (NTU) (recruited as part of build-up Chao-Qiang Geng (NTHU) Hsiang-nan Li (AS) (built-up in the process Kwei-Chou Yang (CYCU) (trained thru process Chuan-Hung Chen (NCKU) ( ” ” Chung-Kiang Chua (AS) ( ” ” and myself ...

Guess what, Our specialty ISIS — Rare Decays and Direct CP Violation

Have theorists, want experimentalists !

CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 30

I Intro • Sprinkling of Flavor/CPV — “Heaven on Earth” 12

II Entrance: Hardware 6

III Science Output from Taiwan BelleTaiwan Belle

Rare Decays Direct CPV 4

TCPV 5

Offshoots /Discovery 6

Prowess 4

IV Hints for New PhysicsHints for New Physics: S,,

Dh / ppK

Sf / VV pol.

Objective

... a dramatic “Career Doubling”— founder/pusher of NTUHEP

Built EFC Participate SVD2

~ 20% of allBelle papers !

Observed !Observed !

A

TCPV

could not have planned th

is


Crowning: Rare Decays Direct CPVhh modes became “ours” since 2003


Tree PenguinInterference

CPV Phase

N.B. Would need also CP Conserving Phase Difference

Kmodes: Main Mine for DCPV

Recall D ~ 30, so K, likely


Highlight of 2004

2005 Conf., “4.97”

Observation of Direct CPV in B

2005 Conf., “4.97”


K: 1964 1999

CP Violation History

Mixing(-dep.) Direct

B: 2001 2004

DCPVTCPV


IV. A Prediction of sinsin22BBss a priori — from AAKK


Belle 2008 ⟨Nature⟩: Simple Bean Count

AA = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020

DifferenceIs

Large !

Exp. Established

Belle + BaBar (+ CDF)

b → s CPV

And Not

Predicted !


ObligéDispair

Unexpecte

d !

ICHEP 2004, Beijing

ACP(B K)ACP(B K)

ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02

275M BB New

K: 728 53

Large EW penguin (Z0) ?

New Physics ?

[also seen by BaBar]

_d

d

K

u u

B sb

Sakai

the Thread that Lead ...

hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)

Planted by me, but

I myself was I myself was shockedshocked !!

Could it be Nondecoupling from tt’’ !?


My first B (and 4G :) paper

nondecoupling

2

Z

FF GG

dimensionsdimensions

WSH, Willey, Soni

<2m2tm


_d

d

K

u u

B sb

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

AK 12% vs 15% (data)

AK = AK+ AK+~ 15% and sb P

EW

ion)(illustrat

GeV 030t'm

, t ’

demonstration

, t ’nondecoupling

Large splitting of DCPV possible w/ 4G

Corollary: Large TCPV in Bs !


• b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t ’ w/

- PQCD at LO - PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL 2007

⇨ Can in principle generate Ak

Predict sinsin22BBs s toto

btst VV ''

_d

d

Ku u

B sb t ’

t

’

t

’

totoWSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2007

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL 2005

≅ ≅ in SM/3Gin SM/3G

sinsin22BBdd ≡ ≡ sin2 ≡ ≡ sin2


arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]

Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen !

sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07

arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]

UTUTfitfit

IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!sin2Bs 0.64

0.16 0.14

3.73.7 ~2.8

± ?

(already in 05)PRL’08PRL’08

PRL’08PRL’08

2.1

Summer ’09


sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 (already in 05)

sin2Bs ~ 0.33

WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph]

4th generation “prediction” still robust, but needs LHCb to verify !

Also, Soni et al., arXiv:1002.0595 [hep-ph] Buras et al. arXiv:1002.2126 [hep-ph] Lenz et al., arXiv:1005.3505 [hep-ph]

comment: probably hadronic enhanced probably hadronic enhanced ss

sin2Bs ≡ sins

≡ sin2s

s seems smaller

Summer ’10

4G Rehab.


spokesperson

Looks like > 3 within 2011,

if |sin2Bs| > 0.2 !!

3G3G


V. A Eureka Moment : Heavenly CPV !?

Mind broadened by writing 《 Nature 》


the 4G Leap

One day late summer 2009, it occurred to me …


103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~

B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?

Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)

Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV

masses too small !

103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM

CPV Phase

0n

nB



Only fac. 30 in CPV per se

~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain

Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings (Masses) !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings (Masses) ! Nature wouldNature wouldlikely use this !?likely use this !?

103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~

B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?

0n

nB

If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)

WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]

Providence

Enough CPV?

Enough CPV?


1,2,3

2,3,4

CJP’09


Soaring to the Starry Heavens

Enough CPVfor BAU ?


VI. In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more and more

CPV 4 the Universe 4−EWSB


The Pursuit of 4th generation, and its Dilemma

• t’/b’ Mass Bounds: Getting heavier

t’ → Wq Search

Alison Lister @ ICHEP2010Excess at high Mreco and HT

• Unitarity Bound: Partial Wave Unitarity breaks down starting 500-600 GeV !Chanowitz, Furman and Hinchliffe, 1979

~ Nam

bu • Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ near/above unitarity bound ?

(?)! Yukawa by Large Condense can QQ

b’ → Wt Search

2.7/fb2.7/fb

Same SignDilepton

Comparable bound, clean

Need Study PlatformHiggs-Yuk. on LatticeHiggs-Yuk. on Lattice


b' Search b' Search

same sign dileptons

• Scale from 10 TeV using LOLO PYTHIA cross section for signal and bkgrnd

• Sensitivity will surpass (current) Tevatron bound w/ > 100-200 pb

• With 1 fb, start to challenge the unitarity bound.

Par

tial

Wav

e U

nit

arit

y B

ou

nd

Par

tial

Wav

e U

nit

arit

y B

ou

nd

b'b' ( (→→ W Wt)t) b'b'

_

[original 14 TeV done in 2008 by KF Jack Chen]

Target by end of 2011 comment


"for the discoverdiscovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokenspontaneous brokensymmetrysymmetry in subatomic physics"

"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

Thoughts on the other 1/2 Nobel Prize

Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University

Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa

1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize

USA Japan Japan

Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan

Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan

b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)

b. 1944 b. 1940

SSB ! Yukawa Largeby

Condensecan QQ

Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ?

Bob Holdom: N–J-L [Bardeen, Hill, Lindner

Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic” 4th gen.

59

Need Study PlatformHiggs-Yukawa on LatticeHiggs-Yukawa on Lattice


The “3 + I” Approach — A Research Agenda

1. Direct Search with CMS

2. LHC Phenomenology

3. Lattice Higgs-Yukawa

NTU-NCU Team

New “Theory Group” @ NTU

NTU-NCTU-DESY/Zeuthen

CERN/Taiwan Center for CMS Pixel Upgrade Phase II

3

ILonger Term Hardware ⇒⇒ assure physics program

5-yr Approval

+

w/ PSIPSI/ETHZ & DESY/Aachen/Karlsruhe

Needed by ~ 2013 to Probe & Understand

Beyond Unitarity BoundBeyond Unitarity Bound


Conclusion:

~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain

10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515

Even if O (1)Enough

CPV-4-BAU

Maybe there is a 4th Generation !

Heaven Heaven onon EarthEarth ??

Tevatron stillto be watched

• sin2Bs “Confirmation” — Easy for LHCb

• b’, t’ Discovery — Straightforward/full terrain

LHC !

Know in 3-5(-7) Years

ATLAS/CMS

raison d'être for U

4-EWSB ?

raison d'être for LHC ?


mBd, tt op and Vtd

tt

tt op, a v.e.v. scale quark, “discovered” 20 years ago (ARGUS)

NondecouplingNondecoupling — — tt ~ 1 1

CPV Phasearg V td

“Higgs Affinity”

LoopsLoops mBd

Flavor/CP/T-Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) OCPA5, 6/29/06 58

Offshoot Discovery I — D0h0

• Early 2001 - Rong-Shyang “tooling” w/ finding ... sees D - Japanese student and Paoti, indep’tly ... see D Convenors Act —

Reported Summer 2001 !Reported Summer 2001 !

Form “Battle Group” ‣ Jack D ‣ Hsuan-Cheng D ‣ Rong-Shyang D

SU(3) argument

Why the rush?— Much Enhanced!

100 %


Belle 23M, PRL 88, 052002 (2002)CLEO 9.7M, PRL 88, 062001 (2002)

More modes, done in less time

BaBar 89M, PRD 69, 032004 (2004)

enhance Isospin Strong PhaseDifference D ~ 30

K,

D ~ ½ 1


Prowess I: TCPV in Charmless B sqq

Jack

• Shih-Chieh finished M.S., after army, went for US (still finishing at FNAL)• I did not give instructions to move into Time-dep. CPV study ... [flagship TCPV, sin21 measurement via B J/K0, was completed 2001

we strategically stayed away so as not to get sidelined.• This was the first TCPV study outside of charmonia final states. — A remarkable test for method. BaBar followed only a year later.• NTU’s expertise in / payed off. Nobody was better suited.• Jack became a big expert on B sqq TCPV in Belle• Belle (Jack’s) result consistent with SM expectation, while BaBar’s is at some variance.

BelleBaBar


SKS = sin 21

SM (KM) Prediction

Possible SUSYSUSYFCNC/CPV Loop

Can Break Equality

Real

Penguins (Vertex Loops)


TCPV in Charmless B sqq Cont’d

BelleBaBar

2002 2003 2004

...

SVD2 (2003+) S = +0.78 0.45 A =+0.17 0.33

SVD1S = 0.68 0.46A = 0.02 0.28

4.5%

• 2003 result caused a sensation [I was shocked

• 2003-2004 data set opposite sign• BaBar consistent with SM Belle converging

But we firmly entered TCPV.Also mode (Chin-Chi Wang)

...

’K

SK

S .

..


John


_d

d

Ku u

Bsb

Why AK+- AK+0 0 a Puzzle ?

Large C ?

Large EWPenguin ?

Suppress Tree CPV Phase

Need NP CPV Phase∵ T and PEW

≈ same strong phase

?

?Currently working w/ Hsiang-nan et al. on NLO-PQCD NP Z-penguin


N.B. QCDF did not predict AK;

SCET got wrong sign for Ak

but PQCD did predict (ca. 2001) sign and strength of AK;

PAMELA !

• PAMELA e+ could be due to (near by) Pulsars (so, Astrophysics); see e.g. Hooper, Blasi and Serpico, JCAP01(2009)025

BUT THAT DIDN’T STOP DM PARTICLE SPECULATOR/THEORISTS

• B → K DCPV Difference could be due to “Enhanced Color-suppressed Enhanced Color-suppressed CC”

AND THIS SEEMS TO STOP FURTHER THOUGHTS ACROSS ATLANTIC !?

What Theorists Should Do ! (like “Blind Analysis”)


a traditional show

stopper,

but

…

’s are massive !

⇨ ⇨ Another Scale.

Neutral Lepton N

hard to access in near future

CDF/ATLAS

(except Majorana)


Kribs et al.

Chanowitz;Erler and Langacker; …

Heavier Higgs !


Can determine full 4 4 by facing all flavor constraints

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05

WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph]

⇨⇨ CKM4


Find bb’’, tt’’, or Rule Out @ LHC

44thth generation? — The jury is out …

In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All !

It’s a Duty.

Strategy Considerations ( )• Well shielded training ground — All ToolsAll Tools ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years

• Publish early — Large Cross Section - If “Limits”, then easy to publish - If “Signal”, Lucked Out!

Strategic Planning for CMS Physics Analysis Vision ~ Early ’06

Well shielded

Publish early

WSH & Arhrib, JHEP2006

Take disfavored status of 4G

to our advantage, i.e. as cover


The Abyss between CPVCPV in SM3 vs BAU bridged in SM4 by Heaviness of tHeaviness of t ’’ and band b ’’

Why wasn’t this clearly pointed out in past 20 years ?


Strong, Nonperturbative Yukawa sets in !


or, deeper ...


What about Strength of Phase Transition?

Higgs potential at T 0

4322

220 )(1 HHTEH

T

TmHV T

cT

regulate transition strength: bosons

• For For mmHH > 72> 72 GeV transition is a GeV transition is a crossover

― ― rules out BAU in SMrules out BAU in SM. .

• Typically invoke SUSY: Typically invoke SUSY: light stoplight stop

• With SM4, no new bosons With SM4, no new bosons still insufficient still insufficient

GeV 100Tc

W, Z

Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996

Fok and Kribs, 2008Fok and Kribs, 2008

e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000

Critique

• Strong Yukawa “ PairingPairing” could enter E(T) ?• Higgs field always elementary in literature. What about compositecomposite ?

QQ

Could nonperturbative Yukawa save the day? Lattice Higgs-YukawaLattice Higgs-Yukawa

perturbative

november 19, 2010, seminar @ ustc

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