november 13-16, 2019 maison glad hotel, jeju, republic of...

Renewable EnergyPhotovoltaics, Solar Thermal, Wind Energy, Hydrogen & Fuel Cell, Bioenergy,

Wasted Energy & Utilization, Geothermal Energy, Small Hydro Power,

Marine Energy, Policy, Strategy & New Business , Environment and Low Carbon

Technology, Energy Storage System/Smart Grid & Micro Grid

November 13-16, 2019Maison Glad Hotel, Jeju, Republic of Korea

9th Asia-Pacific Forum on Renewable Energy

AFORE 2019Hosted byThe Korean Society for New & Renewable Energy

Forum Committee

International Advisory Committee• Chair

Ou-sam Jin, M.S. (President, Korea Society for New and Renewable Energy, Republic of Korea)

• Member

Aidarkhan Kaltayev, Ph. D. (Al-Farabi Kazakz National University, Kazahstan)Ali Saigh, Ph. D. (Chairman of World Renweable Energy Network, United Kingdom) Anthony Kucernak, Ph. D. (Imperial College London, United Kingdom) Bhola Thapa, Ph. D. (Kathmandu University, Nepal) Bundit Fungtammasan, Ph. D. (King Mongkut's Univ. of Technology, Thailand) Domenico Coiro, Ph. D. (Universita' degli Studi di Napoli, Italy) Gento Mogi, Ph. D. (University of Tokyo, Japan) Hongda Shi, Ph. D. (Ocean University of China, China)Hongguang Jin, Ph. D. (President of Chinese Society of Engineering Thermo-physics (CSET), China)Hyung Kee Yoon, Ph. D. (Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Republic of Korea) Jinsoo Song, Ph. D. (Northeast Asia Renewable Energy Institute, Republic of Korea)Johnny C.L. Chan, Ph. D. (City University of Hong Kong, Hongkong) Kosuke Kurokawa, Ph. D. (Japan Council of Renewable Energy, Japan)Longlong Ma, Ph. D. (President of Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion (GIEC), China) Maziar Arzomandi, Ph. D. (Univ. of Adelaide, Australia) Phouang Phouthavong, Ph. D. (National Univ. of Laos, Laos)Prasanna Gunawardane, Ph. D. (University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka) Rafiuddin M. Ahmed, Ph. D. (University of South Pacific, Fiji) Roshan Chhetri, Ph. D. (Royal Univeisity of Bhutan, Bhutan) Shuichi Nagata, Ph. D. (Saga University, Japan)Song K. Choi, Ph. D. (Univ. of Hawaii, USA) Soteris Kalogirou, Ph. D. (Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus) Young-Ho Lee, Ph. D. (Professor, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) Yoon Young Lee, Ph. D. (Auburn University, USA) Stefan Gsanger (Secretary General, World Wind Energy Association)Li Baoshan (Vice President, China Renewable Energy Society, China) J. Osgonbaatar (Director, National Renewable Energy center, Mongolia)Cheng-Han Tsai, Ph. D. (National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan) Jin-Soo Kim, Ph. D. (CRISO, Australia) Li-Chyong Chen, Ph. D. (National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan) Namijil Enebish, Ph. D. (Int'l Renewable Energy Agency, IRENA)Byamba Jigjid (President of Mongolian Society of Asia Super Grid (MSASG), Mongolia)

Organizing Committee• Chair

Jae Ho Yun, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

• Member

Yong Heack Kang, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Pil Seok Kwon, Ph. D. (Green Energy Strategy Institute, Republic of Korea)Kang-Won Kim, Ph. D. (New·Renewable Energy Center in the Korea Energy Management Corp., Republic of Korea)Bumsuk Kim, Ph. D. (Jeju National University, Republic of Korea)Sung jin Kim (President, Gwangju Techno Park, Republic of Korea)Young-Doo Kim, Ph. D. (Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea)Hyung Jin Kim, Ph. D. (New and Renewable Energy Friend, Republic of Korea)Gyu Jin Park, Ph. D. (Ansan Urban Development INC., Republic of Korea)Chang Gyu Park, Ph. D. (Korea District Heating Corp., Republic of Korea)Jo Hyug Bang, Ph. D. (Unison Corporation Ltd., Republic of Korea)Dae Gyu Bang, Ph. D. (Korea institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, Republic of Korea)Youngsoon Baek, Ph. D. (The University of Suwon, Republic of Korea)Yong-Gun Shul, Ph. D. (Yonsei University, Republic of Korea)Yoonho Song, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Republic of Korea)Jung-ll Yang, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Tae-Hyun Yang, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Si-Deok Oh, Ph. D. (Blue Economy Strategy Institute Corp., Republic of Korea)Cheol Oh, Ph. D. (Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Republic of Korea)Sewang Yoon, Ph. D. (Korean Society for New & Renewable Energy, Republic of Korea)Daeyong Lee, Ph. D. (Kunsan National University, Republic of Korea)Sang Don Lee (President, INNOGEO Technologies Inc., Republic of Korea)Sang Lae Lee, Ph. D. (Korean Register, Republic of Korea)Snaghoon Lee, Ph. D. (President, New·Renewable Energy Center in the Korea Energy Management Corp., Republic of Korea)Soogab Lee, Ph. D. (Seoul National University, Republic of Korea)Jang-Ho Lee, Ph. D. (Kunsan National University, Republic of Korea)Junshin Yi, Ph. D. (Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea)Jin-Suk Lee, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Chang-keun Yi, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Tae Yong Jung, Ph. D. (Yonsei University, Republic of Korea)Heon Jung, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Eun-Chel Cho, Ph. D. (Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea)CHul H. Jo, Ph. D. (Inha University, Republic of Korea)Chang-Soo Jin, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

Sang-Kyu Choi, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Republic of Korea)Yeon seok Choi, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Republic of Korea)Seong Ok Han, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Yongho Hur, Ph. D. (President, Green Energy Institute, Republic of Korea)Eunnyeong Heo, Ph. D. (Seoul National University, Republic of Korea)Kwon Pyo Hong, M.S. (Vice president,Korea New & Renewable Energy Association, Republic of Korea)

Program Committee• Chair

Bumsuk Kim, Ph. D. (Jeju National University, Republic of Korea)

• Member

PhotovoltaicsJihye Gwak, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Sejin Ahn, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Jaeyeong Heo, Ph. D. (Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea)Eun-Chel Cho, Ph. D. (Sungkyungwan University, Republic of Korea)Hae-seok Lee, Ph. D. (Korea University, Republic of Korea)

Solar ThermalJong Kyu Kim, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Jeongbae Kim, Ph. D. (Korea National University of Transportation, Republic of Korea)

Wind EnergySeok Woo Kim, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Hyun Goo Kim, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Seung-Ho Song, Ph. D. (Professor, Kwangwoon University, Republic of Korea)Sang Lae Lee, Ph. D. (Korean Register, Republic of Korea)Kyong-Hwan Kim, Ph. D. (Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, Republic of Korea)

Hydrogen & Fuel CellSeok-Hee Park, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Yong-Gun Shul, Ph. D. (Yonsei University, Republic of Korea)Gilltae Roh, Ph. D. (Korean Register, Republic of Korea)Un Ho Jung, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

BioenergyYou-Kwan Oh, Ph. D. (Pusan National University, Republic of Korea)Kyeong Keun Oh, Ph. D. (Dankook University, Republic of Korea)

Wasted Energy & UtilizationSang-Kyu Choi, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Machinery& Materials, Republic of Korea)Seacheon Oh, Ph. D. (Kongju National University, Republic of Korea)Nho Nam-Sun, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Jae Hoi Gu, Ph. D. (Institute for Advanced Engineering, Republic of Korea)

Geothermal EnergyJong Min Choi, Ph. D. (Hanbat National University, Republic of Korea)Yoonho Song, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Geoscience And Mineral Resources, Republic of Korea)Ki-Bok Min, Ph. D. (Seoul National University, Republic of Korea)Young-jin Baik, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

Small Hydro PowerJungwan Park, Ph. D. (Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power, Republic of Korea)Jin-Hyuk Kim, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Republic of Korea)

Marine EnergyNam-jo Jeong, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Jin-Hak Yi, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Republic of Korea)Tae-Gyu Hwang, Ph. D. (Korea Marine Equipment Research Institute, Republic of Korea)Deok-Je Bang, Ph. D. (Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Republic of Korea)

Policy, Strategy & New BusinessKyung Nam Kim, Ph. D. (Korea University, Republic of Korea)Jeong Hwan Bae, Ph. D. (Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea)Tae Yong Jung, Ph. D. (Yonsei University, Republic of Korea)Si-Doek Oh, Ph. D. (Blue Economy Strategy Institute Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea)

Environment and Low Carbon TechnologyHowon Ra, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

ESS/Smart & Micro GridSun-Hwa Yeon, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)Yun-Su Kim, Ph. D. (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea)Ho Min Kim, Ph. D. (Jeju National University, Republic of Korea)

CCT & CCSYeo-Il Yoon, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

>> Opening Address ·································································· 1

>> Welcome Messages ····························································· 2

>> Forum Schedule ··································································· 4

>> General Information ····························································· 5

>> Floor Plan ·············································································· 6

>> Forum Program ···································································· 7

• Opening Ceremony ··································································· 7

• Plenary Session ········································································· 8

• Special Sessions ······································································· 9

• Oral Sessions ··········································································· 20

• Poster Sessions ······································································· 26

>> Abstracts ··············································································· 39

• Special Sessions Abstracts ·················································· 41

• Oral Abstracts ·········································································· 57

• Poster Abstracts ······································································ 73

>> Author Index ······································································ 113

Contents

AFORE 2019 1

>>Opening Address

On behalf of the Korean Society for Renewable Energy, I want to welcome you all to the “Ninth

Asia Pacific Forum on Renewable Energy” which will be held from November 14th to 15th at

Maison Grand Hotel in Jeju, Republic of Korea. This annual forum will provide an opportunity for

everyone to develop a sustainable energy agenda. Since the first AFORE dating back eight years ago,

we’ve come together to promote studies and technologies, to exchange information, and to engage

in various research within many countries over the Asia Pacific.

Professionals all across the industry and universities gather at AFORE 2019 to gather, learn, share

ideas about the technology, market, and policy for renewable energy, and to network with the experts here. In particular,

we will organize a RE 100 Special Session to discuss promoting RE100 with companies interested in it, renewable energy

experts and policy makers. The Session will be focused on renewable energy markets, opportunities, policies, and

technologies in Korea and the Asia-Pacific region. There will be various presentations including Saemangeum investment

guide for RE100 companies, Korea’s scheme for RE100, and the introduction of renewable energy projects in Southeast

Asian countries.

We look forward to having experts join us and take part in this important forum. Jeju, where this forum is held, is a

beautiful island and leads the transition to clean energy such as wind power, solar power, and smart grids. I hope everyone

participating enjoys the beautiful scenery and gets a chance to learn on-site. Once again, welcome to AFORE and wish

you enjoy your stay in Jeju.

Ousam Jin

International Advisory Committee Chair of AFORE 2019

President of The Korean Society for New and Renewable Energy

2 AFORE 2019

>> Welcome Message

It is my great pleasure to invite you on behalf of the organizing committee to the 9th Asia-Pacific

Forum on Renewable Energy (AFORE 2019) to be held from November 13th to 16th, 2019 in Jeju,

Korea.

AFORE has been established since 2011 to provide a convenient platform for a cooperative

network in the Asia-Pacific region between experts working in renewable energy to solve global

issues related to energy and environment. Following the successful hosting for the past few years,

AFORE is recognized as a representative forum where renewable energy specialists including

researchers and industries can get opportunities to actively communicate with each other to build collaborative

relationships.

I assure that AFORE 2019 will again help the community to achieve the goal toward a sustainable society by strong

interactions between the participants. Your contribution to AFORE 2019 by sharing new ideas and knowledges based on

recent studies will certainly be a cornerstone of boosting new industry’s growth via renewable energy in the near future.

I am looking forward to your participation in AFORE 2019 to make this event more meaningful and fruitful.

Jae Ho Yun, Ph. D.

Organizing Committee Chair of AFORE 2019

AFORE 2019 3

>> Welcome Message

Dear all participants,

It is my great pleasure and an honor to welcome you to the “9th Asia-Pacific Forum on Renewable

Energy (AFORE-2019)”, going to be held during November 13-15, 2019 in Jeju, Korea. On behalf

of the program committee members, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all of the great

scientists, academicians, young researchers, business delegates and students from all over the world

to attend this special event.

The theme of the AFORE-2019 ‘Transition to Renewable Energy System’ will support the need for collaboration and

cooperation of individuals with a wide range of professional backgrounds.

Renewable energy, such as solar, wind, ocean, hydro, geothermal and biomass, etc is becoming stronger worldwide than

fossil energy sources, and in particular, solar and wind power generation is expected to supply about half of the global

energy demands by 2050. The increasing share of renewable energy is since countries around the world are steadily

increasing their investments in various renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power without GHG emissions,

and their costs are falling significantly as the development of utility-scale renewable power plants and mass production

of facilities. The global impact of the Asia Pacific market in the expansion of the renewable energy industry is steadily

increasing. In addition to expanding the market, securing competitiveness in power generation costs through technology

development can be greatly affected by the expansion of the renewable energy industry.

AFORE-2019, the 9th anniversary of this year, is solidifying its position as an important international event to diagnose

and discuss industrial, technical and policy issues for the expansion of various renewable energy sources. The forum will

strive to offer plenty of networking opportunities, providing you with the opportunity to meet and interact with the leading

scientists and researchers, friends and colleagues as well as sponsors and exhibitors.

We hope you will join us for a symphony of outstanding science and technology, and encourage you to take a little extra

time to enjoy the attractive and unique beauty of Jeju island.

With best wishes,

Bumsuk Kim, Ph. D.

Program Committee Chair of AFORE 2019

4 AFORE 2019

>> Forum Schedule

November 13(Wed.)

Time/Place Crystal A Crystal B Jade A Jade B Amethyst A Amethyst B

09:00~17:20- Annual Fall Meeting of The Korean Society for New & Renewable Energy 2019

- Registration

17:20~18:00 Welcoming Reception (Crystal A)

November 14(Thu.)


09:00~17:00 Registration

09:00~09:30 　 S.S.II.

Flexible

Inorganic

Thin-Film-

Solar Cell

Technology for

Urban Power

Distribution

(Closed

Session,

Members-Only)

09:30~10:00 S.S.I.

Hydrogen

Energy-Special

Session

　 Wind Energy I

10:00~11:30

Marine Energy Photovoltaics I

11:30~12:50 Lunch

12:50~13:00 S.S.III.

Floating

Photovoltaics

(FPV)

S.S.IV.

International

Workshop on

Super Grid in

Northeast Asia

S.S.V.

Saemangeum

Cluster :

National

Innovation Hub

for Renewable

Energy

S.S.VI.

Resource

Depletion

Crisis, the Only

Renewable

Energy Source

in the Future :

Waste

Renewable

Energy Special

Session

Wind Energy II

13:00~14:50

Photovoltaics II

14:50~15:00 Coffee Break

15:00~17:00 RE100 Special Session with Saemangeum Development and Investment Agency [Crystal A]

17:00~18:00 Poter Discussion (2F Lobby)

18:00~20:00 Opening Ceremony & Banquet (Crystal)

November 15(Fri.)


09:30~11:30 Registration

09:30~10:30S.S.VII.

Next-Generation

Solar Cells for

PV Application

Policy,

Strategy &

New Business

Hydrogen &

Fuel Cell

Waste Energy

& Utilization

Small Hydro

Power

ESS/Smart &

Micro Grid

10:30~11:30

Environment &

Low Carbon

Tech.　

* Q&A Session on Investment guide with RE100 members (Invited Only) : 10:00~11:30 / 1F. SAMDAJUNG (AZARIA)

November 16(Sat.)

09:00~ Technical Tour

AFORE 2019 5

>> General Information

Registration Desk

Location: Lobby (2F)

Registration Hours

November 13(Wed.) 09:00~17:20

November 14(Thu.) 09:00~17:00

November 15(Fri.) 09:30~11:30

Registration Fee

Pre-Registration On-site Registration

Regular participant US$ 600 (KRW 600,000) US$ 700 (KRW 700,000)

Student US$ 300 (KRW 300,000) US$ 350 (KRW 350,000)

Official Program

Plenary Session (RE100 Special Session with Saemangeum Development and Investment Agency)

Date : November 14(Thu.)

Time : 15:00~17:00

Place : Crystal A (2F)

Opening Ceremony & Banquet


Time : 18:00~20:00

Place : Crystal (2F)

Side Events

Welcoming Reception

Date : November 13(Wed.)

Time : 17:20~18:00

Place : Crystal A (2F)

A Dinner Performance


Time : 18:10~18:40

Place : Crystal (2F)

Official Language

English is the official language of the forum.

6 AFORE 2019

>> Floor Plan

AFORE 2019 7

>> Forum Program

Opening CeremonyNovember 14[Thu.], 18:00~18:30 [Crystal]Chair : Bumsuk Kim, Ph. D. (Jeju National University, Republic of Korea)

Opening Address Ou-sam JinPresident of Korean Society for New and Renewable Energy(KSNRE), Republic of

Korea

A Dinner Performance Duo A&U

Violinist Kim Miyoung* Study of the violin at the “Conservatoire de Musique de Genève” with Prof. C.

Romano obtaining the concert diploma.(“Le Prix de Virtuosité”)

* Further Study of the violin at the “Konservatorium für Musik in Bern” with Prof.

Max Rostal obtaining “Solistendiplom”

* Majored in Musicology in University of Metz and University of Sorbonne in France

(Licence de la Musicologie)

* Served as the 1st violinist at the “Kumho String Quartet” in Korea, and as the

concert masterin at the Daejeon Philharmonic Orchestra

* Actually activities as solist, chamber musician and the leader of the Daejeon

Chamber Orchestra

Guitarist Kim Jeongyeol* Study at the “Korean national university of Arts”

* Study of the guitar at “Musik Hochschule Köln”, obtaining K. A.

* Study of the guitar specially for the baroque music at “Zuid-Nederlanse Hogeschool

voor Muziek”, obtaining the post graduate diploma

* Study of the direction at “Donizetti Accademy of Milano”

* Actually activities as soliste, chamber musician and leader of the “Guitar ensemble

in Daejeon”

Program•Niccolo Paganini [1782~1840] - Centone di Sonate, Op. 64-1

•Manuel De Falla [1876-1946] - Spanish Dance from Opera ‘La Vida Breve’

• C. Francois Gounod [1818-1893] - Ave Maria

8 AFORE 2019

Plenary Session

RE100 Special session with Saemangeum Development and Investment Agency November 14[Thu.], 15:00~17:00 [Crystal A]Chair : Jihye Gwak, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

PS-001 15:00-15:30

Investment Guide for Renewables Sourcing

Saemangeum Development and Investment Agency

PS-002 15:30~15:45

Technical and Joining Criterias

Mukund Santhanam

RE100 Regional Delivery Partner of Korea

PS-003 15:45-16:00

Korea’s Scheme for RE100 ‘REGO (Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin)’

Korea’s Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

PS-004 16:00-16:15

A Case Study on the Combination of Industrial Parks/RE100 in Vietnam

Damon Young

Regional Programme Manager, Southeast and East Asia European Climate Foundation, Singapore

PS-005 16:15-16:30

Indonesian Biomass Power Plant Project

Deputy Behan

Badan koordinasi penanaman modal, Indonesia

PS-006 16:30-16:45

Sri Lanka Solar Power and Wave Power Project

F.S. Bondarenko, Ph. D.

CEO of Ingine Lanka (Pvt) Ltd., Sri Lanka

PS-007 16:45-17:00

Saemangeum Renewable Project Plan

Saemangeum Development Corporation

AFORE 2019 9

Special Sessions

Special Session I

Hydrogen Energy-Special SessionNovember 14[Thu.], 09:30~11:00 [Crystal B]Chair : Tae-Hyun Yang, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

IN-I-001 09:30~10:00

Outlook of Hydrogen Economy Take-Off in US

Sungwook “Sam” Min*

Department of Marketing, California State University, Long Beach, California, U.S.A. & Korean American Energy Association

*corresponding author ([email protected])

IN-I-002 10:00~10:30

Australian Initiatives to Develop Renewable Energy Export Systems

Sarb Giddey1,*, and David Harris2

1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Energy Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic. 3169, Australia

2Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Energy PO Box 883, Kenmore, Qld. 4069, Australia


SS-I-001 10:30~11:00

Korea Hydrogen Economy Roadmap

Tae-Hyun Yang*, and Gu-gon Park

Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


10 AFORE 2019

Special Session II

Flexible inorganic thin-film-solar cell technology for urban power distributionNovember 14[Thu.], 09:00~11:30 [JadeA]Chair : Jihye Gwak, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

Opening 09:00~09:10

High-performance Flexible Inorganic Thin-film-solar Cell Technology for Urban Power Distribution

Jae Ho Yun*

Photovoltaics Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

SS-II-001 09:10~09:20

Vacuum Non-Vacuum Hybrid Process for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cell

Yun-Ae Cho, SeJin Ahn, Ara Cho, Jihye Gwak, Seung Kyu Ahn, Jun Sik Cho, Joo Hyung Park, Jin Soo Yoo, Kihwan Kim, Donghyeop Shin,

In-Young Jeong, Jae Ho Yun, Soomin Song, Sang-Min Lee, Ahreum Lee, and Young-Joo Eo*

Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected], [email protected])

SS-II-002 09:20~09:30

Improving Performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells by Cesium Post-Deposition Treatments

Hojin Lee1, Yuseong Jang1, Sung-Wook Nam2, Chanwon Jung1, Pyuck-Pa Choi1, Jihye Gwak3, Jae Ho Yun3, Kihwan Kim3,*, and

Byungha Shin1,*

1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

3Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


SS-II-003 09:30~09:40

Influence of Mechanical Stress on the Photovoltaic Properties of Flexible CIGS Solar Cell

Sungjun Kim, Minjae Kim, Youngjae Lee, and Jeha Kim*

Department of Energy Convergence Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea


SS-II-004 09:40~09:50

The Study of Power Generation Performance According to Shading of Photovoltaic System with CIGS Module

Dae Hwan Shin, Tulga Otgonkhishig, Eun Ho Kang, and Jong Ho Yoon*

Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


SS-II-005 09:50~10:00

Colorful Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells with Zn-Based Nontoxic Buffer Layer

Yong-Duck Chung1,2,*, Dae-Hyung Cho1, Woo-Jung Lee1, Myeong Eon Kim1, and Sung-Hoon Hong1

1ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Department of Advanced Device Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


AFORE 2019 11

SS-II-006 10:00~10:10

Flexible Hybrid Tranparent Conducting Films for Werable Thermal Sensor and Heaters Based on Metallized

Fibers and Nanowires

Hyunjun Seok, Hyuk-Jin Kwon, Hong Seok Jo, and Sam S. Yoon*

School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea


SS-II-007 10:10~10:20

Development of CIGS Solar Cell Technology Using Local Contact Electrode and Multi Metal Oxide Window

Layer

Dong-Hwan Jeon, Young-Ill Kim, Si-Nae Park, Dae-Kue Hwang, Kee-Jeong Yang, Shi-Joon Sung, Jin-Kyu KANG, and Dae-Hwan Kim*

Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea


SS-II-008 10:20~10:30

Developing a Laser Scribing Apparatus with Uniformity and Repeatability for Monolithic CIGS Mini Module

Won Mok Kim1,*, Jeung-hyun Jeong2, and Hyeonggeun Yu2

1Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea


SS-II-009 10:30~10:40

A Graphene Oxide Interfacial Layer Effect on the Performace of Kesterite CZTSSe Solar Cells

Junsung Jang1, Jihun Kim2, and Jin Hyeok Kim1,*

1Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Department of material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju,

Republic of Korea

2School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea


SS-II-010 10:40~10:50

Effects of Alkali Metal Doping in the Low-Temperature Grown Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films on Flexible Polyimide

Probed by Scanning Probe Microscopy

Juran Kim1, Kihwan Kim2, Jihye Gwak2, Jae Ho Yun2, and William Jo1,*

1Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korean Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea


SS-II-011 10:50~11:00

Characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) Films Using Correlative Microscopy

Chanwon Jung1, Kihwan Kim2,3, and Pyuck-Pa Choi1,*

1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Photovoltaics Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

3University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea


12 AFORE 2019

SS-II-012 11:00~11:10

Fabrication of High Efficiency CZTSe Solar Cell with (Zn,Sn)O Buffer

Jiwon Lee, Temujin Enkhbat, Gyuho Han, and Junho Kim*

Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea


SS-II-013 11:10~11:20

A Study of Performance in Light Absorption Enhanced Wall-Mounted BIPV System with Micro-Patterned Light

Scattering Layer

Seong Won Kwon*, Sun Yong Kim, Jun Hyung Park, and Yong Sik Kim

BJPOWER Co., Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Wrap-up 11:20~11:30

Discussion

AFORE 2019 13

Special Session III

Floating Photovoltaics (FPV)November 14[Thu.], 12:50~14:50 [Crystal A]Chair : Junsin Yi, Ph. D. (Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea)

SS-III-001 12:50~13:20

Floating Solar: The 3rd Pillar of the Global PV Industry

Abhishek Kumar*, and Thomas Reindl

Solar Energy System Cluster, Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive1, Singapore


SS-III-002 13:20~13:50

Si-hwa Off-Shore Floating PV Pilot Test in South Korea, 2014 ~2019

Chang-sub Won*, Dongchan Kim, Lawrence Waithiru, Myenggil Gang, and Jongmoon Lee

Scotra. co. LTd, Seoul, Republic of Korea


SS-III-003 13:50~14:20

On-Site Real-Time Health Monitoring of Stress Structure and Float on Floating Photovoltaic System in River

Jae Seong Jeong1,*, Jong Moon Lee2, and Chang Sub Won2

1New and Renewable Energy Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea

2Department of R&D, Scotra CO., LTD, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea


SS-III-004 14:20~14:50

Fundamental Research for Establishing Floating Photovoltaic(PV) Component Standard

Tae Hee Jung*, Jun-Hong Choi, and Seong-Won Kim

Renewable Energy Technology Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


14 AFORE 2019

Special Session IV

International Workshop on Super Grid in Northeast AsiaNovember 14[Thu.], 12:50~14:50 [Crystal B]Chair : Jihye Gwak, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea)

IN-IV-001 12:50~13:10

Feasibility of Integrating Renewable Energy Sources of Mongolia to the Northeast Asia Supergrid

Enebish Namjil*

Laboratory of Advanced Technology, Institute of Physics and Technology Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Mongolia


IN-IV-002 13:10~13:30

Renewables Deployment in North East Asia

Mika Ohbayashi*

Director, Renewable Energy Institute, Japan


IN-IV-003 13:30~13:50

Renewable Energy Cooperation for Super Grid in Northeast Asia

Jinsoo Song*

Chairman, Northeast Asia Renewable Energy Institute


SS-IV-004 13:50~14:00

Recent Status and Cooperation Technologies of Renewable Energy Messaged from North Korea

Young-Ho Lee*

Chairman, Green Energy Strategy Institute, Republic of Korea

SS-IV-005 14:00~14:10

Power System Interconnection Scenarios and Issues from Korea Perspective

Jae-Young Yoon*

Principal Researcher, Korea Electrotechnology Institute, Republic of Korea

SS-IV-006 14:10~14:20

Renewable Energy Deployment by 2040 in Korea and Grid Connections with Neighboring Countries

Sanghoon Lee*

Director, New & Renewable Energy Center/Korea Energy Agency, Republic of Korea

SS-IV-007 14:20~14:30

PV Generation and Microgrid Application

Dongseop Kim*

CEO, Solar Energy General/Shinsung E&G, Republic of Korea

Wrap-up 14:30~14:50

Panel Discussion

AFORE 2019 15

Special Session V

Saemangeum Cluster : National Innovation Hub for Renewable EnergyNovember 14[Thu.], 12:50~14:50 [Jade A]Chair: Gisung Pang, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, Republic of Korea)

Opening 12:50~12:55

Introduction to the Session

Chair

SS-V-001 12:55~13:00

Saemangeum : The “World’s Best Renewable Energy Cluster”

Seong- Ho Lee*

Director General of New And Renewable Energy Department, Jeollabuk-do office, Republic of Korea

SS-V-002 13:00~13:20

Plans for Jeonbuk Energy Industry Convergence Complex

Ji-Hoon Lee*, and Youn-Hwa Na

Leader of the New and Renewable Energy Team, Jeollabuk-do office, Republic of Korea

SS-V-003 13:20~13:40

National Renewable Energy Demonstration Complex

Eun-Seok Song, Haejung Hwang, Tae-Gyu Park, and Gi Sung Pang*

Office of Renewable Energy Demonstration Complex, Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP), Seoul, Republic

of Korea


SS-V-004 13:40~13:55

Evaluation and Assessment Center for Floating Photovoltaics, KTL


Renewable Energy Technology Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


SS-V-005 13:55~14:10

Evaluation and Assessment Center for Offshore Wind Turbine Components and Materials

Jinbong Kim*

Wind turbine Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Republic of Korea


SS-V-006 14:10~14:25

Plan to Foster the Hydrogen Industry in Jeonbuk Province

Young-kwon Kim*

New and Renewable Energy Division, Jeonbuk TechnoPark, Jeonju, Republic of Korea


16 AFORE 2019

SS-V-007 14:25~14:40

Current Status and Development of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Center for Industry, Academy, and Laboratories

Young Woo Choi*

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Center for Industry, Academy, and Laboratories, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Buan, Republic of Korea


Closing Remarks 14:40~14:50

AFORE 2019 17

Special Session VI

Resource depletion crisis, the only renewable energy source in the future : Waste Renewable Energy Special sessionNovember 14[Thu.], 12:50~14:35 [Jade B]Chair: Yeo, Woon Ho, Ph. D. (Incheon National University, Republic of Korea)

SS-VI-001 12:50~13:05

Thermal Treatment and Energy Utilization Status and Activation Plan of Domestic Waste in Korea

Kyoon Duck Yoon*

Environmental Assessment Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Republic of Korea


SS-VI-002 13:05~13:20

Current Status and Challenges on Energy Recovery of Combustible Wastes from Landfill Mining in Korea

Kyuyeon Kim*, Su-Young Lee, Won-Seok Yang, Won-Seok Lee, and Sunkyoung Shin

Waste–to-Energy Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea


SS-VI-003 13:20~13:35

A Study on Waste Plastics Low Temperature Emulsion Technology Using Catalyst

Jung Hyun Park1,2,*, and Woon Ho Yeo2

1SUDOKWON Landfill Site Management Corp., Incheon, Republic of Korea

2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea


SS-VI-004 13:35~13:50

National Disaster Waste Management System, Industry 4.0 and Waste Biomass : The Future of Renewable

Biomass Energy

Jae Sung Park1,2*, and Woon Ho Yeo2

1Geum River Basin Environment Agency, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea

2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea


SS-VI-005 13:50~14:05

Utilization of Livestock Organic Waste to Energy Resource Caused by Infectious Diseases Such as African Swine

Fever

Jung Kyung Rho*, and Jong Hwan Park

Hae Sung E & G Corporation LTD, Republic of Korea


SS-VI-006 14:05~14:20

Carbonized Solid Fueling of Livestock Manure and Algae Sludge

Bong Ki Lee1, Dong Hwan Kam1, Kil Hwan Moon2, Young Jin Cho3, and Jin Kyoung Kim4,*

1Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

2Department of Electroelectronics and Automobile Engineering, JoongBu University, Goyang, Republic of Korea

3Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

4DA ENG, Jeonju, Republic of Korea


18 AFORE 2019

SS-VI-007 14:20~14:35

The Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Energy Recovery by Waste Biomass using Ultra High

Temperature and Pressure Boiler

Won Hyeog Joo1,2, Jae Sung Park1,*, and Woon Ho Yeo1

1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Republic of Korea

2Woo min energy corp., Incheon, Republic of Korea


AFORE 2019 19

Special Session VII

Next-Generation Solar Cells for PV ApplicationNovember 15[Fri.], 09:30~11:30 [Crystal A]Chair : Jeung-hyun Jeong, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Repubric of Korea)

IN-VII-001 09:30~10:00

An Advanced Thin Film PV Technology and Application

Jian Ding*

Alta Devices, INC., California, USA / Hanergy Thin-film Power Group, Beijing, China


IN-VII-002 10:00~10:30

High Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells

Hitoshi Tampo*, Shinho Kim, Takehiko Nagai, Hajime Shibata, and Shigeru Niki

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan


IN-VII-003 10:30~11:00

Hybrid Nano-Architectures for Photovoltaic Applications

Rupesh S. Devan*

Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552,

India


IN-VII-004 11:00~11:15

Omnidirectional and Broadband Antireflection Effect with Tapered Silicon Nanostructures Fabricated with

Low-Cost And Large-Area Capable Nanosphere Lithography Process

Jea-Young Choi*

Dept. of Materials Sci. & Engr., Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea


IN-VII-005 11:15~11:30

Silar Based ZnxCd1-xS Buffer Layers: A Solution for Meeting High Voc in SnS Thin Film Solar Cells

Pravin S. Pawar, and Jaeyeong Heo*

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University,

Gwangju, Republic of Korea


20 AFORE 2019

Oral Sessions

ME : Marine Energy

November 14[Thu.], 10:00~11:40 [Crystal A]Chair : Tae-Gyu Hwang, Ph. D. (Korea Marine Equipment Research

Institute, Republic of Korea)

O-ME-001 10:00~10:20

Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter with Variable

Stiffness Structure

Tri Dung Dang, Tri Cuong Do, and Kyoung Kwan Ahn*

School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan,

Republic of Korea


O-ME-002 10:20~10:40

Numerical Study on Wave Absorbing Performance of

Pneumatic Floating Breakwater

Dong-Min Kim, Sanghwan Heo, Eun-Hong Min, and

Weoncheol Koo*

Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Inha

University, Incheon, Republic of Korea


O-ME-003 10:40~11:00

An Experimental Investigation of Structural Shape

Effects on the Hydrodynamic Performance of

Small-Sized OWC WEC

Hong-Goo Kang1, Chan Joo Kim1,3, Min Jun Lee2,

Yoon Woo Choi2, Yeong Kyu Kim2, and Jong Hwa Won1,*

1Foresys Co., Ltd. Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Systems Engineering,

Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Pusan, Republic of Korea

3Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Inha



O-ME-004 11:00~11:20

Introduction of Studies on a Flapping Hydrofoil Tidal

Stream Turbine in Korea

Jin Hwan Ko1,* Nguyen Le Dang Hai1, and Jihoon Kim2

1Major of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju,

Republic of Korea

2Maritime Robotics Test and Evaluation Unit, Korean Institute of

Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea


O-ME-005 11:20~11:40

A Study on Load Reduction of Tidal Turbine Blade

Dasom Jeoung, and Jin Hwan Ko*

Major of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju,

Republic of Korea


WE : Wind Energy

O-WE-I

November 14[Thu.], 09:30~11:50 [Amethyst A]Chair : Bumsuk Kim, Ph. D. (Jeju National University, Republic of

Korea)

O-WE-001 09:30~09:50

Non-Presented Paper (No-Show)

O-WE-002 09:50~10:10

Risk Analysis of A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)

Model for Renewable Energy penetration in Energy

Mix

Uwineza Laetitia1, Hyun-Goo Kim2, Chang Ki Kim3, and

Ou-Sam Jin4,*

1Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, UST, Daejeon,

Republic of Korea

2New and Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea

Institute of Energy Research, Senior Researcher, Daejeon,

Republic of Korea



Republic of Korea

4Korean Society of New & Renewable Energy, President, Seoul,

Republic of Korea


O-WE-003 10:10~10:30

Scour Induced Risk of Offshore Wind Turbine

Support Structure

Dong Hyawn Kim1,*, and Young Jin Kim2

1School of Architecture and Coastal Construction Engineering,

Kunsan National Univ., Gunsan, Republic of Korea

2Dept. Of Ocean Science & Engineering, Kunsan National Univ.,

Gunsan, Republic of Korea


O-WE-004 10:30~10:50

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Blade Surface

Contamination on the Power Performance of Medium

Wind Turbine

Seong Keon Kim1, Jong Hwa Kim1, and Bum Suk Kim2,*

AFORE 2019 21

1Multidisciplinary Graduate School Program for Wind Energy, Jeju

National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea

2Faculty of Wind Energy Engineering, Graduate School, Jeju



O-WE-005 10:50~11:10

Effect of Atmospheric Stability, Turbulence and Wind

Shear on Power Production Variation of Wind

Turbines

Dae Young Kim1, Yean Hee Kim2, and Bum Suk Kim3,*



2Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of

Meteorological Sciences Jeju, Republic of Korea




O-WE-006 11:10~11:30

A Pumping Mill to Generate Constant Power by

Extracting High Altitude Wind Energy

Kyoung Ho Cha*

1107-2201, Saerom-Ro 55, Sejong, Republic of Korea


O-WE-007 11:30~11:50

Optimization of a Wind Turbine Blade by Considering

the Multiple Design Parameters Using the Response

Surface Method

Sang Lae Lee1,*, and Sang Joon Shin2

1Korean Register of Shipping(KR), Busan, Republic of Korea

2Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul

National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea


O-WE-II

November 14[Thu.], 12:50~14:50 [Amethyst A]Chair : Jinki Sung, Ph. D. (Korea institute of Energy Technology

Evaluation and Planning, Republic of Korea)

O-WE-008 12:50~13:10

A Probabilistic Model of Levelized Cost of

Electricity(LCOE) for Korean Offshore Wind

Kihwan Kim1,*, Duk Oh Lim1, and Gil-Lim Yoon2

1Korea Energy Economics Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

2Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of

Korea


O-WE-009 13:10~13:30

Three-Dimensional Computational Aspects of

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on Aerodynamic

Performance

Sunny Kumar Poguluri1, Hyebin Lee2, and Yoon Hyeok Bae1,*

1Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National

University, Jeju, Republic of Korea

2Multidisciplinary Graduate School for Wind Energy, Jeju National



O-WE-010 13:30~13:50

Performance Evaluation of Digital Wind Tunnel

Which Can Simulate Various Experimental

Conditions

Won-Sik Shin1, Jin-Ok Kim2, Ki-Weon Kang3, Dae-Yong Lee1, and

Jang-Ho Lee3,*

1Institute of Offshore Wind Energy, Kunsan National University,


2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kunsan National

University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea

3School of Mechanical Engineering, Kunsan National University,



O-WE-011 13:50~14:10

Research on the Design and Characteristic Analysis of

Unique Airfoil KA3

Sung-Soo Park1, Sang-Kyun Kang1, Sung-Ho Yu1, Sang-Il Lee2,

and Jang-Ho Lee3,*








O-WE-012 14:10~14:30

Effects of Offshore Wind Substructure Arrangement

on the Tidal Current Flow Near Gogunsan Islands,

South Korea

Ju-Hyun Hong1, Sung-Soo Park2, Dae-Yong Lee1, Sang-Il Lee1,

and Jang-Ho Lee3,*








22 AFORE 2019

O-WE-013 14:30~14:50

Study on Efficiency of Airfoil by BEMT with

DesignFoil Program

Ka-Young Song, and Min-Young Sun*

Department of Mechanical Design Engineering & JBNU

International Offshore Wind Research Institute, JeonBuk National

University, JeonJu, Republic of Korea


PV : Photovoltaics

O-PV-I

November 14[Thu.], 10:00~11:20 [Amethyst B]Chair : Chang Ki Kim, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Republic of Korea)

O-PV-001 10:00~10:20

BIPV Potential Analysis on Daejeon City Based on

Seed (Solar Energy Estimator for Daejeon)

Hyun-Goo Kim1,*, Je-Hyun Lee2, Chang Ki Kim1, Chang-Yeol Yun1,

and Jung-Tae Lee1


Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Platform Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy

Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


O-PV-002 10:20-10:40


O-PV-003 10:40-11:00

Machine-Leanrning Model for Building-Integrated

Photovoltaic (BIPV) System in Urban Area

Jehyun Lee1, Junho Won2, Chang Ki Kim, Chang-Yeol Yun3,

Dae Hyun Song4, Yong-Heack Kang3, and Hyun-Goo Kim3,*



2Computer Science & Engineering, Chungnam National University,

Daejeon, Republic of Korea



4NGL Co. Ltd., Goyang, Republic of Korea


O-PV-004 11:00-11:20

Determining Optimal Angle of Photovoltaic Panels in

Urban Area

Jung-Tae Lee, Hyun-Goo Kim*, Yong-Heack Kang,

Chang-Yeol Yun, Chang Ki Kim, Jin-Young Kim, and Bo-Young Kim

New and Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea



O-PV-Ⅱ

November 14[Thu.], 13:00~14:40 [Amethyst B]Chair : Hyun-Goo Kim, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Republic of Korea)

O-PV-005 13:00~13:20

Comparison of Model Performance between

UM-LDAPS and GFS Model: Same Day and Day

Ahead Forecasts of Global Horizontal Irradiance

Chang Ki Kim*, Hyun-Goo Kim, Yong-Heack Kang, and

Jinyoung Kim




O-PV-006 13:20~13:40

Analysis of the Two Years Operation of the 10MW PV

Plant in Cold Climatic Conditions Mongolia

Bat-Erdene Bayandelger1,*, and Enebish Namjil2

1Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan

2Laboratory of Advanced Technology, Institute of Physics and

Technology Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Mongolia


O-PV-007 13:40~14:00

Uncertainty Evaluation for Model Based Solar

Irradiation in Korean Peninsula

Boyoung Kim, Chang Ki Kim, Yong-Heack Kang, and

Hyun-Goo Kim*

New & Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea



O-PV-008 14:00~14:20

Application of the Cloud Index Obtaind from Satellite

Images for Deriving Global Horizontal Irradiance

Pranda Mulya Putra, and Hyunjin Lee*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University,

Seoul, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected]), presenting author ([email protected]

O-PV-009 14:20~14:40

Development of Photovoltaic Capacity Factor Map in

Korea

Chang Yeol Yun1, Chang Ki Kim1, Jin Young Kim1, Bo Young Kim1,

AFORE 2019 23

Jung Tae Lee1, Shin Young Kim1, Hyun Goo Kim1,

Young Heack Kang1, and Yong Il Kim2,*

1New & Renewable Energy Resource and Policy Center, Kore


2Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National

University, Seoul, Republic of Korea


PN : Policy, Strategy&New Business

November 15[Fri.], 09:30~10:50 [Crystal B]Chair : Kyung Nam Kim, Ph. D. (Korea University, Republic of Korea)

O-PN-001 09:30~09:50


O-PN-002 09:50~10:10

Technology Forecasting using Patent Data in the Field

of Floatovoltaics

Gooyong Lee*, Mina Lee, and Sang Jin Oh

Division of Policy Research, Green Technology Center, Seoul,

Republic of Korea


O-PN-003 10:10~10:30

Analysis of the Impact on the Energy and GHG

Emissions of Electrification of Cooking Method in

Korea

Hyunji Im, and Yunsoung Kim*

Green Energy Strategy Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea


O-PN-004 10:30~10:50

A Study on Technology Forecasting of Hydrogen

Using Patent Data

Mina Lee, Chul-ho Park, and Gooyong Lee*

Department of Policy Research, Green Technology Center, Seoul,

Republic of Korea


HF : Hydrogen&Fuel Cell

November 15[Fri.], 09:30~10:30 [Jade A]Chair : Myo-Eun Kim, Ph. D. Candidate (Korea Institute of Energy

Research, Republic of Korea)

O-HF-001 09:30~09:50

Utilization of Microporous Carbon Material

Originated from Nanocellulose and Coconut Shell as

Catalytic Support for Methanol Steam Reforming

Corwin Rudly1,2, Soo Hyun Kim1, and Ji Ho Yoo1,*

1Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research,


2Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea University of

Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


O-HF-002 09:50~10:10

A study on PEFC with Self-Humidification Using

Metal Foam in Dead Ended Operation

Myo-Eun Kim1,2, and Young-Jun Sohn1,2,*

1Advanced Energy & System Engineering, University of Science and

Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research,



O-HF-003 10:10~10:30

CFD Analysis for Prediction of Flame Behavior and

Hydrogen Gas Explosion

Ho Seong Yang1, and Young Ho Lee2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Pusan, Republic

of Korea

2Division of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Pusan, Republic of

Korea


WU : Wasted Energy&Utilization

November 15[Fri.], 09:30~10:30 [Jade B]Chair : Sang-Kyu Choi, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Machinery&

Materials, Republic of Korea)

O-WU-001 09:30~09:50

Production of Petrochemical via Fast Pyrolysis of Low

Density Polyethylene

Quynh Van Nguyen1,2, Yeon Seok Choi1,2,*, Sang Kyu Choi1,2, and

Yong Su Kwon1,2

1Department of Environmental System, Korea Institute of Machinery

and Materials, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Department of Environmental and Energy Mechanical

Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon,

Republic of Korea


O-WU-002 09:50~10:10

Comparison of the Mass Balance of Full-Scale

Biogasification Facilities According to Different

Anaerobic Digestion Method in Korea

24 AFORE 2019

Jun Hwa Kwon, Hee Sung Moon, Won Seok Lee,

Sun Kyung Shin, and Dong Jin Lee*

Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute

of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea


O-WU-003 10:10~10:30

Heat Charging and Discharging Characteristics of

Thermal Energy Storage System Using Phase Change

Material

Dong Kyoo Park1, Dong-Ju Kim1, Bup-Mook Jeong1,

Jae-Hoi Gu1,*, and Dong-Cheol Kim2

1Plant Engineering Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering,

Republic of Korea

2HLB Life Science, Republic of Korea


SH : Small Hydro Power

November 15[Fri.], 09:30~10:30 [Amethyst A]Chair : Jungwan Park Ph. D. (Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co.

Ltd.-CRI, Republic of Korea)

O-SH-001 09:30~09:50

Flow Induced Vibration in a Two-stage Turbine for

Pumped Storage Hydropower Plant

Jungwan Park*, and Jin Woo Yang

Green Energy Research Center, KHNP-CRI, Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


O-SH-002 09:50~10:10

Numerical Analysis and Design Optimization of the

Spiral Casing Configuration

Ujjwal Shrestha1, and Young-Do Choi2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mokpo National

University, Muan, Republic of Korea

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of New and

Renewable Energy Technology Research, Mokpo National


*corresponding author ([email protected] )

O-SH-003 10:10~10:30

Parametric Study on the Influence of Inlet and Outlet

Pipe Geometry on the Pulsating Flow Characteristics

of a Positive Displacement Hydraulic Turbine

Arihant Sonawat1,2, Hyeon-Mo Yang2, Young-Seok Choi1,2,

Kyung Min Kim3, and Jin-Hyuk Kim1,2,*

1Green Process and Energy System Engineering, Korea University

of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Thermal & Fluid Systems R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial

Technology, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea

3Frontier Research & Training Institute, Korea District Heating

Corporation, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


ESS/SG&MG : Energy Storage System / Smart Grid&Micro Grid

November 15[Fri.], 09:30~10:10 [Amethyst B]Chair : Bumsuk Kim, Ph. D. (Jeju National University, Republic of

Korea)

O-ESS/SG&MG-001 09:30~09:50

Regional Ramp Analysis of Photovoltaic and Wind

Power in the Republic of Korea

Shin Young Kim1,2, Bo Young Kim1, Chang Ki Kim1,

Chang Yeol Yun1, Yong Heack Kang1, Gil Soo Jang2, and

Hyun-Goo Kim1,*

1New and Renewable Energy Resource and Policy Center, Korea


2School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul,

Republic of Korea


O-ESS/SG&MG-002 09:50~10:10


E&LCT : Environment&Low Carbon Technology

November 15[Fri.], 10:30~11:30 [Amethyst B]Chair : Chang-keun Yi, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Republic of Korea)

O-E&LCT-001 10:30~10:50

Reforming CO2-Containing Biogas by Electric-Field

Assisted Catalytic Reactor for the Synthesis Gas

Production

Jung-Il Yang1,*, Ji Chan Park1, Tae Sung Jung1, Shin Wook Kang1,

and Su Ha2



2Violand School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering,

Washington State University, Pullman, WA


O-E&LCT-002 10:50~11:10


AFORE 2019 25

O-E&LCT-003 11:10~11:30

Combination of Reformer and Direct-Fired

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle

Tuananh Bui1, Young Duk Lee1,2,*, Do Won Kang2,

Kook Young Ahn1,2, Young Sang Kim2, Sangmin Lee3, and

Sung Ho Chang3



Republic of Korea

2Clean Fuel and Power Generation Center, Korea Institute of

Machinery & Materials, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

3Clean Power Generation Laboratory, Korea Electric Power

Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


26 AFORE 2019

Poster SessionsNovember 14 [Thu.], 17:00~18:00 [Lobby 2F]Chair : Chang-Keun Yi Ph.D. / Jin-Suk Lee Ph.D. / Kyung Soo Kim,

Ph.D. / Seok-Hee Park, Ph.D. / Seong Ok Han Ph.D. /

Seunghee Woo, Ph. D. (Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Republic of Korea)

Sang Lae Lee, Ph. D. (Korean Register, Republic of Korea)

Yong-Duck Chung Ph.D. (Electronics and

Telecommunications Research Institute, Repubric of Korea)

BE : Bioenergy

P-BE-001 001

Biomass Gasification in High-Speed Flow Reactor

Jong-Pil Kim1,*, Gyeong-Min Kim2, and Chung-Hwan Jeon2

1Robot Technology Researcher Center, Busan National University,

Busan, Republic of Korea2School of Mechanical Engineering, Busan National University,

Busan, Republic of Korea


P-BE-002 002

Reutealis Trisperma Oil Esterification: Optimization and

Kinetic Study

Riky1,2, Deog-Keun Kim2,*, and Jin-Suk Lee3

1Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and

Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2Biomass and Waste to Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of

Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea3Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy

Research, Gwangju, Republic of Korea


P-BE-003 003

Petroleum-Replacing Biofuels from Inedible

Lignocellulose

Dong Jin Suh1,*, Wonjun Choi1,2, Hyemin Yang1,2,

Jae-Wook Choi1, Jungkyu Choi2, and Jeong-Myeong Ha1

1Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and

Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea



P-BE-004 004

A Study on Synthesis of High Concentrate Methane from

Biogas Methanation over 20% Ni-Mg-Al2O3 Catalyst

Danbee Han, Yunji Kim, Hyunseung Byun, and Youngsoon Baek*

Department of Environment-energy engineering, University of

Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


P-BE-005 005

Effects of O2 and CO2 as Oxidizing Agnet on Syngas (or

Hydrogen) Production from Biogas



Suwon, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea


P-BE-006 006

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Organosolv Lignin from

Herbaceous Biomass : The Influence of Temperature

Hye Won Kim1, Ga Hee Kim2, and Byung Hwan Um2,*

1Bioenergy Research, GRI Co., Ltd, Anseong, Republic of Korea 2Department of Chemical engineering, Hankyong National

University, Anseong, Republic of Korea


P-BE-007 007

A Study on The Tar Reduction of Syngas in Bio-Oil

Gasification Process

Jae Gyu Hwang, Dong Hyuk Choi, Seong Wan Hong,

Seung Hyeon Hong, and Hang Seok Choi*

Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University,

Wonju, Republic of Korea


P-BE-008 008

Water Recycling of Microalgal Cultivations for

Sustainable Biodiesel Production

Sungjun An, Nakyeong Lee, Mikyoung Jung, Young-Eun Kim,

Myeonghwa Park, and You-Kwan Oh*

School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Busan National

University, Busan, Republic of Korea


P-BE-009 009

Bioelectrochemical Acetate Production from Carbon

Dioxide: Microbial Dynamics and Electron Mediator

Junhyung Kim1, Young-Eun Kim1, Young Eun Song1, Eunhee Seol1,

Soo Youn Lee2, Jung Rae Kim1, and You-Kwan Oh1,*

1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Busan National

University, Busan, Republic of Korea2Gwangju Bioenergy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy

Research (KIER), Gwangju, Republic of Korea


AFORE 2019 27


P-E&LCT-001 010

Application of Microbubble/Catalyst System for

High-Concentration Livestock Wastewater Reuse and

Pollutant Removal

Donggwan Lee, Yee Paek, Jin Kyung Kwon, And

Jae Kyung Jang*

Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of

Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea


P-E&LCT-002 011

Non-Catalytic Reduction of N2O with C3H8 in

Oxy-CFBC

Min-Kyu Jeon, Young-Kon Choi, Chung-Kyu Lee, Sang-In Keel,

and Jin-Han Yun*

Korea Dept. of Environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of



P-E&LCT-003 012

Characteristics Research of de-NOX in Oxy-Fuel

Combustion for the Application of Power Generation

Facilities

Young-Kon Choi, Min-Kyu Jeon, Chung-Kyu Lee, Sang-In Keel,

and Jin-Han Yun*

Korea Dept. of Environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of



P-E&LCT-004 013

Design of a Reactor of Gas Scrubber based on Similitude

Theory

Jonghyuk Yoon, Hyoungwoon Song*, and Hee Suk Jung

Plant Process Development Center, Institute for Advanced

Engineering, Yongin, Republic of Korea


P-E&LCT-005 014

Effect of Heat Recovery Equipment in a Reactor of

Scrubber System





P-E&LCT-006 015

Estimation of Monthly Average Daily Radiation in

Mongolia Using Angstrom-Prescott Regression Models

Sainbold Saranchimeg1, Nirmal K.C. Nair1, Enebish Namjil2,*,

Molor Sharkhuu2, and Mendbayar Bayarsaikhan2

1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand2Institute of Physics and Technology, Mongolian Academy of

Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia


P-E&LCT-007 016

Study on Renewable Energy Utilization in Energy

Self-Sufficient Rural Areas in South Korea

Jin Young Kim1, Alice Downham1, Hyun-Goo Kim1,*,

Yong-Heack Kang1, Sangmin Cho2, Seung Moon Lee2,

Chang-Yeol Yun1, and Chang Ki Kim1


Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2New and Renewable Energy Team, Korea Energy and Economic

Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea


P-E&LCT-008 017

GIS-Based Analysis of Potential Agro-Residue Biomass

Resources and Bioenergy Plant Locations in the

Republic of Korea

Alice Downham, Jin-Young Kim, and Hyun-Goo Kim*

New-Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea Institute

of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea



P-ESS/SG&MG-001 018

Optimization of ESS Container Air Conditioning System

through Thermal Flow Analysis

Jun Young Kim*, Jae Ho Choi, and Jae Woo Park

New & Renewable Energy Material Development Center of the

Jeonbuk National University, Buan, Republic of Korea


P-ESS/SG&MG-002 019

Possibilities of Using Gravity Storage for Very Large

Scale Solar Power Generation in Mongolia

Namjil Enebish1,*, Eduard R. Heindl2, and Zolbayar Jargalsaikhan3

1Institute of Physics and Technology, Mongolian Academy of

Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia2Department of Business Computing, Furtwangen University,

Furtwangen, Germany3Department of Physics Engineering, Khovd State University,

Mongolia


28 AFORE 2019

GE : Geothermal Energy

P-GE-001 020

Heating Effects Analysis of Heat Pump System Using

Underground Spring Water in Jeju

YounKoo Kang*, SeokHo Park, and JongPil Moon

Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA, Haman,

Republic of Korea


P-GE-002 021

Cooling and Heating Performance Simulation of

Ground-Source Heat Pump System in School Building

Byonghu Sohn*, and Jaesik Kang

Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology,

Goyang, Republic of Korea


P-GE-003 022

Thermal Property Measurement of Bentonite-Based

Grout and Their Effects on Design Length of VGHE

Byonghu Sohn1,*, Kwang Soo Kim1, and Hyo Jae Lim2

1Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology

(KICT), Goyang, Republic of Korea 2Geothermal Education Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of

Korea



P-HF-001 023

Plasma-Catalyst Combined Reforming Technology for

Hydrogen Porduction

Dae Hyun Choi*, and Tai Hyeop Lho

Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research

Institute, Gunsan , Republic of Korea


P-HF-002 024

A Study on the Real-Time Monitoring Center System for

Energy Filling Station

Yeon Jin Ku, Pil Jong Kim, Dong Hwan Kim, Song Hyun Park, and

Yun Sil Huh*

Korea Gas Safety Corporation, Republic of Korea


P-HF-003 025

A Study on Real Time Monitoring System of

LPG-Hydrogen Combined Fueling Stations

Song Hyun Park, Dong Hwan Kim, Yeon Jin Ku, Pil Jong Kim, and

Yun Sil Huh*



P-HF-004 026

A Study on the Analysis of Operational Monitoring Data

Based on the Verification of the Hydrogen Multi Energy

Filling Station

Dong Hwan Kim, Song Hyun Park, Yeon Jin Ku, Pil Jong Kim, and

Yun Sil Huh*



P-HF-005 027

A Hazard Assessment of Fuel Systems for Application to

Unmanned Aircraft

Jun-Young Kang, Gun-Woo Oh, Min-Woo Kim, Hyo-Jung Bang,

and Jung-Woon Lee*

Institute of Gas Safety R&D, Korea Gas Safety Corporation,

Republic of Korea


P-HF-006 028

A Study on Risk Assessment of Alkaline Water

Electrolysis System and Application of Safety Standards

Min-Woo Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Eun-Kyung Lee, and Jung-Woon Lee*


Republic of Korea


P-HF-007 029

Examination of Applicable Laws and Regulations for

Wind Power-Water Electrolysis-Fuel Cell

Interconnection System

Ji-Hye Kim, Min-Woo Kim, Eun-Kyung Lee*, and

Jung-Woon Lee


Republic of Korea


P-HF-008 030

Analysis of Safety Performance Evaluation Results for

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Gun-Woo Oh, Tae-Sung Park, and Eun-Kyung Lee*


Republic of Korea


AFORE 2019 29

P-HF-009 031

A Study on the High Pressure Tank for the Development

of Fuel Cell System for Drone

Gun Woo Oh*, Hyojoong Bang, Jung Woon Lee, and

Jun Young Kang


Republic of Korea


P-HF-010 032

A Study on the Standardization of Fuel Cell Efficiency

Evaluation Method for Building

Gun Woo Oh*, Jung Woon Lee, and Eun Kyung Lee


Republic of Korea


P-HF-011 033

A Study on the Demonstration Evaluation of Fuel Cell for

Building by Fuel Gas Composition

Soo-Jin Han, Min-Woo Kim, Gun-Woo Oh, Jung-Woon Lee*, and

Hyo-Jung Bang


Republic of Korea


P-HF-012 034

A Facile Synthesis of Pd/C Catalyst with Outstanding

Dispersion for Fuel Cells

Jin Ho Hyun1,2, Dongchul Park2, Seok-Hee Park2, and

Gu-Gon Park1,2,*

1Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering,

University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea2Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research,



P-HF-013 035

Utilizing Waste Copper Cable Wires for the

Development of High-Performance Electrode for

Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Pravin Babar, and Jin Hyeok Kim*

Optoelectronic Convergence Research Center, Department of

Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University,



P-HF-014 036

An Earth-Abundant, Amorphous Cobalt-Iron-Borate

(Co-Fe-Bi) Prepared on Ni Foam as Highly Efficient and

Durable Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution

Umesh P. Suryawanshi, and Jin Hyeok Kim*

Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Optoelectronics

Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University,



P-HF-015 037

Studying the Behavior of Different Stack Designs of

Planar SOFC and Their Effects on Flow Uniformity

Fueled with Biogas

Muhammad Adeel Ashraf1,2, Kashif Rashid2,1,

Iman Rahimipetroudi1,2, and Sang Keun Dong2,1,*

1Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea

University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of

Korea2Thermal Energy System Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy

Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-HF-016 038

Feasibility Study on the Application of Fuel Cell for the

Greenhouse

Chul-sung Lee*, Seungwook Shin, Milan Park, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park

Future Agricultural Division, Rural Research Institute, Ansan,

Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected] .kr)

P-HF-017 039

Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for the Air Supply System

of a Residential PEMFC

Jinyeon Won1,2, Minjin Kim2,3, Won-Yong Lee2,

Yoon-Young Choi2, Jongsup Hong1,*, and Hwanyeong Oh2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul,

Republic of Korea 2Korea Institute of Energy research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea3Department of Advence Energy and System engineering, Korea

University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-HF-018 040

Accelerated Durability Test of 3M 729/PTFE Reinforced

Membranes for PEMFC

Hyejin Lee1, Sung-Hee Shin1, Pratama Juniko Nur1,2, Sojeong Lee1,

Dongwon Shin1, and Byungchan Bae1,2,*

1Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon,

Republic of Korea2Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of

Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea


30 AFORE 2019

P-HF-019 041

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Radical

Scavenger for Chemically Stable Proton Exchange

Membrane

Byeol-Nim Lee1,2, Abdul kodir1,2, Sung-Hee Shin1, Dongwon Shin1,

and Byungchan Bae1,2,*


Republic of Korea2Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of



P-HF-020 042

A Study on Hydrocarbon-Based Membrane Electrode

Assembly for Building Application Fuel Cells

Seunghee Woo, Sung-Dae Yim, and Seok-Hee Park*

Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER),



P-HF-021 043

System Operation and Evaluation for 5kW

High-Temperature PEMFC Stack

Min-Goo Choi1,2, Minjin Kim1,2, Young-Jun Sohn1,2,

Seung-Gon Kim1, Ji-Hong Kim1, Sungkun Lee3,

Jae-Hoon Jeong3, and Haneul Lee3

1Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2Department of Advance Energy and System Technology, Korea

University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea3Dong-A FuelCell CO., LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-HF-022 044

CFD Analysis for Optimizing Superheater BOP for High

Temperature Steam Production for Use in an SOEC

Yun Ji Kim1, Hyun Seung Byun1, Seong Ryong Park2,

Chong Pyo Cho2, and Young Soon Baek1,*

1Department of Environment-Energy, Suwon University, Hwaseong,

Republic of Korea 2Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-HF-023 045

Retracted by the authors

ME : Marine Energy

P-ME-001 046


P-ME-002 047

A Numerical Open Water Test of a Horizontal Axis Tidal

Stream Turbine Using SOWFA Library

Heebum Lee*

New & Renewable Energy Group, Central Research Institute, Korea

Hydro and Nuclear Power, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-ME-003 048

Design and Performance Evaluation of the Moduleraft

Wave Energy Converter in Regular Waves

Watchara Tongphong1, Byung-Ha Kim1, In Cheol Kim1,

Dong Hoon Oh2, and Young-Ho Lee3,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Korea

Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea 2Hwajin Enterprise.co., LTD, Republic of Korea3Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean



PV : Photovoltaics

P-PV-001 049

Investigating the Impact of Sputtering Parameters on

Barrier Layer and Back Contact in Flexible CIGS Solar

Cell

Muhammad Awais1,2, Soomin Song1, Kim kihwan1,2,

Donghyeop Shin1, Jihye Gwak1,2,*, and Young-Joo Eo1,2,*

1Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research

(KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of

Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected], [email protected]), presenting author ([email protected])

P-PV-002 050

Particle Distribution Characteristics of Rotary Mist

Spraying Device in an Evaporative Salt Water

Desalination System Using Solar Energy

Young Sun Ryou*, Jae Kyung Jang, Hyoung Kweon Kim,

Young Hwa Kim, Tae Suk Lee, Sung Sik Oh, Byung Ok Jin,

Gyoung Min Oh, and Tae Kyoung Kang




P-PV-003 051

Gompertz Model-Based Regression of Photovoltaic

Power Generation and Solar Irradiance

Alba Vilanova Cortezon1,2, Bo-Young Kim1, Chang Ki Kim1, and

Hyun-Goo Kim1,*

1New-Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea Institute

AFORE 2019 31

of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea2Higher Polytechnic School, University of Lleida, 25001 Lleida,

Spain


P-PV-004 052

Power Estimation for Analyzing the Degradation Rate

and Failure Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Systems Based on

Machine Learning

Wonwook Oh1,*, Minhyeok Lee2, Hoonjoo Choi1, Jin-Chel Moon3,

Donghwan Kim4, Nochang Park5, and Junhee Seok2,*

1STECO Corporation, Research & Development center, Republic of

Korea2Korea University, School of Electrical Engineering, Republic of

Korea3Chungbuk Technopark, Solar Technical Center, Republic of Korea4Korea University, Department of Materials Science and

Engineering, Republic of Korea5Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Electronic Convergence

Material & Device Research Center, Republic of Korea


P-PV-005 053

Growth of Cubic SnS for Solar Cell Applications: Effect

of Substrates and Seed Layers

KrishnaRao Eswar Neerugatti, and Jaeyeong Heo*

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and

Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National

University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea


P-PV-006 054

The Ifluence of Growth Temperature and Duration on

Vapor Transport Deposited Tin Monosulfide for

Thin-Films Solar Cells

Jae Yu Cho, and Jaeyeong Heo*





P-PV-007 055

Development of Silicon Recycling Technology Using

Supercritial CO2 and Hexane

Hyo Seok Lee, Jae Yu Cho, and Jaeyeong Heo*





P-PV-008 056

Development Strategy of Floating Photovoltaic System

for Offshore Environment

Jungsoo Suh*

Green Energy Research Center, KHNP Central Research Institute,



P-PV-009 057

Recent Trend of Floating Photovolatics and Prespective

in the South of Korea

SeungWook Shin*, Chul-sung Lee, MiLan Park, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park

Future Agricultural Research Division, Water Resources &

Environment Research Group, Korea Rural Community

Corporation, Republic of Korea


P-PV-010 058

Operational Issues and Prespective for Floating

Photovolatic by Field Investigations


Yoon-Ho Park





P-PV-011 059

A Study on Efficiency Enhancement Technique on Solar

PV System Using Solar Irridance Model

Prakash Thapa1, Jin Lee1, Soon Youl So1, Sung Gi Kwon1, Kil Ju Na2,

and Gye-Choon Park1,*

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Mokpo National University,

Mokpo, Republic of Korea2Department of Radiology, Mokpo Science University, Mokpo,

Republic of Korea


P-PV-012 060

Performance Analysis of Rooftop Photovoltaic System

Jung-Jae Park1, Juhee Jang2, Minsu Shin2, Tae Wook Kim1,

Sook Kyung Lee1, Chi Yong Park1, and Kyung-Soo Lee2,*

1Green Energy Research Center, New & Renewable Energy Group,

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power, Republic of Korea 2Department of Energy & Electrical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic

University


P-PV-013 061

The Effect of Ge Doping on Kesterite Solar Cell

Depending on Stacking Order

32 AFORE 2019

Byeong Hoon Lee, and Jin Hyeok Kim*

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam

National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea


P-PV-014 062

Elucidating the Role of Annealing Temperature on Stack

and Co-Puttered Precursors in CZTSSe Thin Film Solar

Cells

Vijay C. Karade, and Jin Hyeok Kim*



Republic of Korea


P-PV-015 063

Nanostructured Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Thin Film for

Broadband (VIS-NIR) Photodetection

Kuldeep Singh Gour, and Jin Hyeok Kim*

Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center and Department of




P-PV-016 064

Experimental Study on Energy Saving Potential of

BAPV Systems for Rural Housing

Chul-sung Lee, MiLan Park*, SeungWook Shin, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park*


Republic of Korea


P-PV-017 065


P-PV-018 066

Power Generation Monitoring and Prediction Modeling

of Flexible CIGS-PV Modules According to

Meteorological Environments

SangWoon Lee1, Seung Gon Lee1, Jin Hyeon Oh2,

Woo-Jin Choi3, Chang-Sik Son2, and Donghyun Hwang2,*

1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Busan National

University, Busan, Republic of Korea 2Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University,

Busan, Republic of Korea3Energy Convergence Technology Center, Silla University, Busan,

Republic of Korea


P-PV-019 067

The Characteristics of CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells Using

Sputtering Based Two-Step Process

Young-Ill Kim1, Dong-Hwan Jeon1, Si-Nae Park1, Se-Yun Kim1,

Dae-Hwan Kim1, Jin-Kyu Kang1, Shi-Joon Sung1, Juran Kim2,

William Jo2, Hyesun Yoo3, JunHo Kim3, Dae-Hwan Kim1,*, and

Kee-Jeong Yang1,*

1Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea2Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic

of Korea3Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon,

Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected]/[email protected])

P-PV-020 068

Influence of Buffer Layer Thickness on

Semi-Transparent Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells

Dong Ryeol Kim1,2, Sang Su Shin1,3, Ara Cho1, Jun-Sik Cho1,

Ahreum Lee1, Jae Ho Yun1, Ho Seong Lee2, and

Joo Hyung Park1,*

1Photovoltaics Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National

University, Daegu, Republic of Korea3Department of Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National

University, Daegu, Republic of Korea


P-PV-021 069

Thickness and Composition Variation Study of

Zn(O, S) Buffer Layer in Semi-Transparent Ultra-Thin

CIGS Solar Cell Structure

Sang Su Shin1,2, Dong Ryeol Kim1,3, Kihwan Kim1, Jinsu Yoo1,

Donghyeop Shin1, Inyoung Jeong1, Seung Kyu Ahn1,

Jun-Sik Cho1, Jihye Gwak1, Jonghoo Park2, and Joo Hyung Park1,*

1Photovoltaics Laboratory, Korea Institution of Energy Research,

Daejeon, Republic of Korea2Department of Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National

University, Daegu, Republic of Korea3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National



P-PV-022 070

Development of BIPV Module for Roof Installation

Based on the Survey on the Installation Type of

Residential PV System

Hwan Ho Kim, Sang Yoon Lee, Hyo Mun Lee, and Jong Ho Yoon*

Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanbat National

University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


AFORE 2019 33

P-PV-023 071

Development Strategy of Field Test Studies of Rooftop

Photovoltaic System

Jung-Jae Park*, Tae Wook Kim, Sook Kyung Lee, and

Chi Yong Park

Green Energy Research Center, New & Renewable Energy Group,

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power, Republic of Korea


P-PV-024 072

Fabrication and Characterization of Earth-abundant

Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin-film Solar Cells using a Single-stage

Co-evaporation Method: Effects of Film Growth

Temperatures on Device Performances

Muhammad Rehan1,2, Hyeonmin Jeon1,3, Yunae Cho1,

Muhammad Awais1,2, Ara Cho1,2, Kihwan Kim1, Jun-Sik Cho1,

Jae Ho Yun1, Jihye Gwak1,2,*, and Donghyeop Shin1,*

1Photovoltaics Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research

(KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of

Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea3Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea Advanced

Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


P-PV-025 073

Effect of Annealing Conditions for Chalcogenide Based

CTS Thin Film Solar Cells

In Jae Lee, and Jin Hyeok Kim*




*corresponding author ([email protected]), presenting author ([email protected])

P-PV-026 074

Effect of Ga Ratio on Transparent Conductive Mg and

Ga Co-doped ZnO(MGZO) Thin Films Prepared by RF

Magnetron Sputtering System for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4

Thin-Film Solar Cells

Dong Min Lee, and Jin Hyeok Kim*




P-PV-027 075


P-PV-028 076


P-PV-029 077

The Effect of Atomic Layer Deposition of Zn(O,S)

Buffer Latyer on the Performance of CIGSSE Thin Film

Solar Cell

Woo-Jin Choi1, Jae Hong Park2, Jung Hwan Park2,

Chang-Sik Son2, and Donghyun Hwang2,*

1Energy Convergence Technology Center, Silla University, Busan,

Republic of Korea2Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University,



P-PV-030 078

Development of Heat Dissipation Solar Module with

Graphite Sheet

Seong Hwan Kang1,2, Jae Woo Park1, Joon Young Kim1,

In Sung Jung1, and Jae Ho Choi1*

1New Renewable Energy Material Development Center of Chonbuk

University.2Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk University,

Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea


P-PV-031 079

Hybrid Nano- and Micro-Scale Metal Fibers for

Transparent Conductor in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar

Cell Applications

Dae-Hyung Cho1,*, Hong Seok Jo2, Woo-Jung Lee1,

Myeong Eon Kim1, Tae-Gun Kim2, Sam S. Yoon2, and

Yong-Duck Chung1,3

1ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and

Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of

Korea 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul,

Republic of Korea 3Department of Advanced Device Technology, Korea University of

Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-PV-032 080

Real-Time Analysis of Temperature/Relative Humidity

in c-Si PV Module under Tropical and Moderate Climate

Jae Seong Jeong1,*, Sung Hyun Kim1, Hoon Oh2,

Myung Ick Hwang2, and Saiful Huque3

1New and Renewable Energy Research Center, Korea Electronics

Technology Institute (KETI), Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea 2Photovoltaic R&D Division, Hyundai Energy Solutions Co., Ltd.,

Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea3Institute of Renewable energy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka,

Bangladesh


34 AFORE 2019

P-PV-033 081

Properties of Thermally Evaporated Titanium Dioxide as

an Electron-Selective Contact for Silicon Solar Cells

Changhyun Lee1, Soohyun Bae1, HyunJung Park1, Dongjin Choi1,

Hoyoung Song1, Hyunju Lee3, Yoshio Ohshita3, Yoonmook Kang2,

Hae-Seok Lee1, and Donghwan Kim1,*

1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea

University, Seoul, Republic of Korea2KU-KIST Green School, Graduate School of Energy and

Environment, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea3Semiconductor Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute,

Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan


P-PV-034 082

Fabrication of Large-Area CIGS Solar Cell to for

Industrial Applications

Soomin Song1, Young-Joo Eo1,2, Kihwan Kim1,2, SeungKyu Ahn1,2,

Jihye Gwak1,2, Ara Cho1,2, Jun-Sik Cho1,2, SeJin AHN1,2,

DongHyeop Shin1, Inyoung Jeong1, Yunae Cho1, Joo Hyung Park1,2,

Jin Su Yoo1,2, and JaeHo Yun1,2,*

1Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected]) presenting author ([email protected])

P-PV-035 083

Understanding of the Role of Polysilicon Layer in

Passivating Contact Solar Cells

HyunJung Park1, Se Jin Park1, Sohyun Bae1, Ji Yeon Hyun1,

Chang Hyun Lee1, Dongjin Choi1, Dongkyun Kang1, Hyebin Han1,

Yoonmook Kang2, Hae-Seok Lee2, and Donghwan Kim1,2,*


University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2KU-KIST Green School Graduate School of Energy and

Environment, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea


P-PV-036 084

Effect of Na in Improvement in Morphology and

Electrical Parameters of Solution-Processed CuInSe2

(CISe) Solar Cell Devices

Yasir Siddique1,3, Jihyun Moon1,2, Tanka Raj Rana1, Byungsung O2,

Seung Kyu Ahn1, and SeJin Ahn1,3*

1Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Korea 2Chungnam University, Daejeon, Korea3University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea


P-PV-037 085

Silver-PDT Effect on Co-Evaporated CIGS

IGS(Cu(In,Ga)Se2) Thin Film Solar Cells

Jiseon Hwang1,4, Yunae Cho1, Jae Ho Yun2,3, Young-Joo Eo1,3,

Jihye Gwak1,3, Ara Cho1,3, Joo Hyung Park1, Se Jin Ahn1,3,

Jin Su Yoo1,3, Seung Kyu Ahn1,3, Jun Sik Cho1,3, Kihwan Kim1,3,*, and

Kyuseung Han4


(KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2New and Renewable Energy Institute, Korea Institute of Energy

Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea 3Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of

Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea 4Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry,

Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected], [email protected]),presenting author ([email protected])

P-PV-038 086

Mecanism Study of Buffer Layer in CIGS Solar Cells

Donghyeok Shin1,2, Soomin Song1, Ju Hyung Park1,

Inyoung Jeong1, Seung Kyu Ahn1, Sangmin Lee1, SeJin Ahn1,

Jae Ho Yun1, Jihye Gwak1, Young-Joo Eo1, Jun Sik Cho1,

Jin Su Yu1, Kihwan Kim1, Donghyeop Shin1, Yonggook Son2, and

Ara Cho1,3,*

1Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of

Korea2Busan University, Busan, Republic of Korea3University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


PN : Policy Strategy&NewBusiness

P-PN-001 087

Investigations on New On-Shore Wind Farm Sites Using

Geographic Information System

Sajid Ali1,2, and Choon-Man Jang1,2,*

1Construction Environment Engineering, University of Science &

Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea2Department of Land, Water and Environmental Research, Korea

Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT),

Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected])presenting author ([email protected])

P-PN-002 088

An Analysis on Relationships between Renewable

Energy Utilization and GDP: Comparative Study

between Indonesia and South Korea

Desy Caesary1, Sang-Don Lee2, Seo Young Song1, Soo Jin Jang1,

and Myung Jin Nam1,*

1Department of Energy and Mineral Resource Engineering,

Geophysical Prospecting Lab, Sejong University, Republic of

Korea2INNOGEO Technologies Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected],[email protected])

AFORE 2019 35

P-PN-003 089

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and

Adaptation Measures of Korean Industries

Kyung Soon Park1, Seung Jun Park2, In Chul Hwang3,

Seong Kon Lee4,*, and Jung Hoon Park5,*

1CDM Certification Center, Korea Energy Agency, Ulsan, Korea

and Department of New & Renewable Energy Engineering,

Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea2Energy Technology Team, Incheon Regional Headquarter, Korea

Energy Agency and Department of New & Renewable Energy

Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea3Department of New & Renewable Energy Engineering, Dongguk

University, Seoul, Republic of Korea4Energy Policy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy

Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea5Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk



P-PN-004 090

The Resident Acceptability for Photovoltaic System in

Rural Site by Survey Analysis Method

MiLan Park*, SeungWook Shin, Chul-sung Lee, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park





P-PN-005 091

Analysis of Climate Technology & Finance (Mitigation

field) - in Relation to Multilateral Development Banks

Joo Young LEE, and Su Hyeon Han*


Republic of Korea


P-PN-006 092

The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in

the Asia-Pacifc Region

Youngsun Kim*, And Sanghoon Ji

Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea


Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea


P-PN-007 093

A Financial Analysis of Roof Solar Photovoltaic Power

Generation Using CIGS

Taewook Kim*

New and Renewable Energy Group, Central Research Institute,

KHNP, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-PN-008 094

A Comparative Analysis of Relative Weight between

Criteria to Be Applied in the Selection of New Project of

the Regional Energy Plan

Seongkon Lee1,*, Kwangho Lee2, Gento Mogi2, and Youngjin Ha1

1Energy Policy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy

Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea2Department of Technology Management for Innovation, The

University of Tokyo, Japan


P-PN-009 095

Technical Classificaion Reflecting Energy Industry

Characteristics in Case of Energy Efficiency Sector

Seongkon Lee*, Kyeongtaek Kim, Woonho Baek, Ran Yoo,

Jeeyoung Choi, and Jiseok Ahn

Energy Policy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research,




P-SH-001 096



Jungwan Park*, Jin Woo Yang, and Koon Jang


Korea


ST : Solar Thermal

P-ST-001 097


P-ST-002 098

Techno-Economic Analysis of Integrated Renewable

Energy Systems with Energy Storage Systems for Plus

Energy Communities

Min Hwi Kim*, and Jongkyu Kim

Solar Thermal Convergence Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy



P-ST-003 099

A Study on the Dehumidifying System for Green House

Sueng Gun Hyun1, Jong Woo Kim1, Kwang Soo Ko1, and

Youn Cheol Park2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Jeju

36 AFORE 2019

National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University,

Jeju, Republic of Korea


P-ST-004 100

Renewable Energy Implementation Potential of Zero

Energy Community for Smart City

Min-Hwi Kim1,*, Jae-ho Yun2, and Jongkyu Kim1

1Solar Thermal Convergence Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy

Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea2New and Renewable Energy Institute, Korea Institute of Energy



P-ST-005 101



P-WU-001 102

Comparison of Biogas Productivity between Practical

and Theoretical Methodology in Biogasification of

Organic Wastes

Hee Sung Moon, Jun Hwa Kwon, Won Seok Lee, Sun Kyung Shin,

and Dong Jin Lee*




P-WU-002 103

Assessement of Operating for Eco-Friendly Heating

System Using Waste Cooking Oil and Analysis of

Greenhouse Gas Emission in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Hyung Don Lee1,*, Hyouk Jin Yun2, In Seok Yun2, and

Seong Wan Yun2

1Water Environment Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Seoul,

Republic of Korea 2Institute of Technology, FLINT LAB, Seoul, Republic of Korea


P-WU-003 104

A Preliminary Thermo-Economic Assessment of sCO2

Power Cycle for Waste Heat Utilization Using Dry

Cooling

Hafiz Ali Muhammad1,2, Beomjoon Lee2, Junhyun Cho2,

Gilbong Lee2, and Young-jin Baik1,2,*

1Dept. of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and

Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea2Energy Efficiency and Material Research Division, Korea Institute



P-WU-004 105

A Case Study on the Incombustibles of Industrial Wastes

Sent into Incineration Facilities in Korea

Won-Seok Yang, Kyuyeon Kim*, Gyung-Goo Choi, Su-Young Lee,

Jun-Gu Kang, Won-Seok Lee, and Sun-Kyoung Shin

Waste–to-Energy Division, National Institute of Environmental

Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea


P-WU-005 106

Recycling and Separation of Landfill Excavation

Containing Combustible Waste in Korea

Su-Young Lee, Kyuyeon Kim*, Gyung-Goo Choi, Won-Seok Yang,

Won-Seok Lee, and Sun-Kyoung Shin




P-WU-006 107

The Study of Pilot Scale Thermal Plasma Combustion

and Gasification System for Waste Plastic Treatment in

Cement Process

Kyu Hang Lee, Tae Wook Kim, Pil Jung Kim, Soo Min Lee, and

Byung Koo Son*

Division of Plasma Convergence R&BD, Cheorwon Plasma

Research Institute, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea


P-WU-007 108

CFD Study on the Entrained Flow Gasification of

Bio-Oil

Myung Kyu Choi, Jae Gyu Hwang, Dong Hyuk Choi,

Seong Wan Hong, Seung Hyeon Hong, and Hang Seok Choi*




P-WU-008 109

Fast Pyrolysis of Coffee Ground in a Bench-Scale

Tilted-Slide Reactor

Yong Su Kwon1, Sang Kyu Choi1,2,*, Yeon Seok Choi1,2,

So Young Han2, Seock Joon Kim2, and Yeon Woo Jeong2

1Department of Environment and Energy Mechanical Engineering

University of Science and Technology Daejeon, Republic of Korea2Department of Clean Fuel & Power Generation Korea Institute of

Machinery & Materials Daejeon, Republic of Korea


AFORE 2019 37

P-WU-009 110

A Study on the Melting Characteristics of Sweage Sludge

under Oxygen Enrichment Conditions

Young Su Park*, Yong Taek Lim, Soo Nam Park, Dong Kyu Park,

Dong Ju Kim, and Bup Mook Jeong

Plant Engineering Center, Institute for Advcanced Engineering,

Youngin, Republic of Korea


P-WU-010 111

A Study on Melting Properties of Sludge by Basicity

Bup Mook Jeong, Dong Ju Kim, and Yeong Su Park*

Plant Engineering Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering,

Republic of Korea


P-WU-011 112


P-WU-012 113

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Mixture of ASR and

Coffee Ground and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil

So Young Han*, Yeon Seok Choi, and Sang Kyu Choi

Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


P-WU-013 114

A Study on K, Cl Removal Characteristics for Cement

Kiln Dust using Organic Acids

Dong-ju Kim*, Min-Hye Seo, and Sung-Su Cho


Yongin-si, Republic of Korea


P-WU-014 115

Air Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Biodrying

Sewage Sludge in Pilot Scale Combustion Melting

Furnace

Dong-ju Kim, Dong-Kyoo Park, Bup-Mook Jeong, Soo-Nam Park,

Yong-Tack Lim, and Yeong-su Park*




WE : Wind Energy

P-WE-001 116

Fatigue Life Evaluation of Offshore Wind Turbine

Support Structure under Variable Ocean Load

Gee Nam Lee1, and Dong Hyawn Kim2,*

1Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Kunsan National

University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea 2School of Architecture and Coastal Construction Engineering,

Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea


P-WE-002 117


P-WE-003 118

A Vibration Suppression Controller for Vertical Axis

wind Turbine Systems Having Tower Model

Wonseok Ha, Daehan Kim, and Juhoon Back*

School of Robotics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of

Korea


P-WE-004 119

Study of Optimal Layout Metamodel for Offshore Wind

Farm in Korea

JoongJin Shin1, and YoungWoo Rhee2,*

1Hydropower Design & Technology Group, Central Research

Institute, KHNP, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology Chungnam

National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


P-WE-005 120

Structural Optimization for Weight Lightening and

Fatigue Life Securing of Wind Turbine Composite Blade

Yun-Jung Jang1, and Ki-Weon Kang2,*


Kunsan, Republic of Korea 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kunsan National

University, Kunsan, Republic of Korea


P-WE-006 121

Numerical Study on the Air-Conditioning Performance

of Datacenter According to Rack Layout and Air Guide

Application

Sungjin Yang*, Myungsung Lee, and Joo Han Kim

Intelligent Mechatronics Research Center, Korea Electronics

Technology Institute, Republic of Korea


38 AFORE 2019

P-WE-007 122

Analysis of Kite-Based High-Altitude Wind Energy

Conversion

Ho Seong Yang1, In Cheol Kim1, and Young Ho Lee2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Busan, Republic

of Korea 2Division of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Busan, Republic of

Korea


P-WE-008 123

Design and Optimization Methodology of 10kW

Horizontal Axis Wind Lens

Ali Alkhabbaz1, InCheol Kim1, TaeMoo Shim2, and Young-Ho Lee3,*


Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea 2HYDROKOREA Company, Suwon, Republic of Korea 3Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean



P-WE-009 124

A Study on the Employment Creation and Effects of the

Korean Government’s R&D Investment in the Wind

Industry

Tae Hyung Kim, and Seong Ho Song*

Department of Electronical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,



Abstracts

Special Sessions AbstractsS.S.I Hydrogen Energy-Special Session 43

S.S.II Flexible inorganic thin-film-solar cell technology for urban power 43distribution

S.S.III Floating Photovoltaics (FPV) 47

S.S.IV International Workshop on Super Grid in Northeast Asia 48

S.S.V Saemangeum Cluster : National Innovation Hub for Renewable Energy 49

S.S.VI Resource depletion crisis, the only renewable energy source 51in the future : Waste Renewable Energy Special session

S.S.VII Next-Generation Solar Cells for PV Application 53

Special Sessions Abstracts 43

Special Session I

Hydrogen Energy-Special Session

IN-I-001

Outlook of Hydrogen Economy Take-Off in US

Sungwook “Sam” Min*

Department of Marketing, California State University, Long Beach,

California, U.S.A. & Korean American Energy Association


Deployment of hydrogen-fuel cell technology is still at the

nascent stage worldwide. Will the hydrogen economy take-

off? If so, when and how? The demand projection of hydrogen-

fuel cell applications is promising because hydrogen-enabled

solutions complement the EV economy and aid the achieve-

ment of ambitious goals of renewable deployment in many

countries. However, two issues in the supply side stand out -

(1) the high cost and (2) non-environmentally friendly pro-

duction and delivery of hydrogen. In order for hydrogen

economy to take off, the cost of renewable hydrogen (green

hydrogen) should drop to the level of large-scale fossil-fuel-

synthesized hydrogen (grey hydrogen). To this end, industry

stakeholders have directed their investment to the innova-

tion of the production, storage, transport and distribution of

hydrogen. Nevertheless, most of the hydrogen produced

(95%) in US is made by natural gas reforming in large

central plants. The US D.O.E. set a cost goal of less than

$2-gallon gas equivalent of hydrogen production and pro-

mote research on the integration of renewable energy with

hydrogen production and distribution to speed up hydrogen

economy development and take-off.

IN-I-002

Australian Initiatives to Develop Renewable Energy

Export Systems

Sarb Giddey1,*, and David Harris2

1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

(CSIRO), Energy Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic. 3169,

Australia

2Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

(CSIRO), Energy PO Box 883, Kenmore, Qld. 4069, Australia


There is a renewed global interest in hydrogen as a renew-

able energy storage and transport media to support decar-

bonization of industrial processes, grid power, agricultural

and transport sectors. Australia has abundant renewable

energy resources (>25, 000GW) comprising solar, wind,

biomass, geothermal and wave energy, and offers some of

the world’s highest potential capacity factors. There is an

opportunity for Australia to use these renewable energy

resources to produce energy carriers, such as hydrogen and

ammonia, for domestic use and for export to countries such

as Japan, South Korea and Singapore. This position is fur-

ther strengthened by Australia’s established expertise and

infrastructure for fuel export (coal, LNG), proximity to

emerging hydrogen import markets, stability (social, econo-

mic and political) in the region and established trading

relationships with importing countries. Australia is actively

pursuing these opportunities through industry, government,

and research strategies and is supporting several R&D and

demonstration projects on a suite of technologies required

to develop these opportunities and create new cross-sector

energy industries which can leverage off Australia’s esta-

blished energy infrastructure. This presentation will summa-

rise Australia’s hydrogen and renewable energy activities,

some of the technologies being developed by CSIRO and

the industrial scale demonstrations being developed across

Australia.

SS-I-001

Korea Hydrogen Economy Roadmap

Tae-Hyun Yang*, and Gu-gon Park

Fuel Cell Research Center,, Korea Institute of Energy Research,

Daejeon, Korea


The Korean government selected hydrogen as a new growth

engine based on both environmental and economic consi-

derations. In January 2019, Korean government announced

a hydrogen economy roadmap with 2022 and 2040 targets

for FCEVs, FC buses, hydrogen refuelling stations and FC

power plants. The goal of Korean government plans to

foster an increase in the number of FCEVs from 900 in 2018

to 2.9 million by 2040. There are 31 refuelling stations in

Korea in 2019 and the government will boost the number of

refuelling stations upto 310 locations by 2022 and 1,200 by

2040. The government will also look to introduce 40,000

hydrogen-powered buses, 80,000 taxis and 30,000 trucks as

well as nurturing the domestic manufacture of appropriate

auto parts by 2040. Government will support the develop-

ment of hydrogen car as well as the development of hydro-

gen ships, trains and machineries. The government will also

promote the manufacturing of fuel cell power generation to

reach a combined capacity of 15 gigawatts by 2040. Also, it

will look to supply a combined 2.1 gigawatts of fuel cell

capacity to homes and buildings by 2040.

Special Session II

Flexible inorganic thin-film-solar cell technology for urban power distribution

SS-II-001

Vacuum Non-Vacuum Hybrid Process for

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cell

Yun-Ae Cho, SeJin Ahn, Ara Cho, Jihye Gwak, Seung Kyu Ahn,

Jun Sik Cho, Joo Hyung Park, Jin Soo Yoo, Kihwan Kim,

Donghyeop Shin, In-Young Jeong, Jae Ho Yun, Soomin Song,

Sang-Min Lee, Ahreum Lee, and Young-Joo Eo*

Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research

(KIER), Daejeon, Republic of Korea


44 AFORE 2019

In spite of the excellent performance of Cu(In1-xGax)Se2

(CIGS) solar cells, the high production costs of conventional

vacuum-based fabrication processes are hurdles to the

widespread commercialization of CIGS thin film solar cells.

Thus, non-vacuum-based CIGS fabrication processes have

been investigated over the past several years. However, the

non-vacuum solar cell efficiency has been still lower than

that from vacuum-based process due to the poor quality of

CIGS absorber film. Here, we propose a new approach to

solve the issue previously described. To reduce the produc-

tion cost, we have developed a new hybrid process com-

bining vacuum and non-vacuum method. Carbon-free CuS

nano-particle precursors are used as a Cu source material.

(In, Ga)2 Se3 precursor was stacked by thermal evaporation

at low temperature. This stacked CuS/ (In, Ga)Se3 thin film

was selenized to make dense and large-grained CIGS thin

film absorber layer. We present a high quality of CIGS thin

film absorber from our hybrid process by examining the

morphologies, crystal structures, and compositional distri-

butions. And also, we demonstrate its practical possibility

by measuring the conversion efficiency and the external

quantum efficiency for the completed solar cells.

SS-II-002

Improving Performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

by Cesium Post-Deposition Treatments

Hojin Lee1, Yuseong Jang1, Sung-Wook Nam2, Chanwon Jung1,

Pyuck-Pa Choi1, Jihye Gwak3, Jae Ho Yun3, Kihwan Kim3,*, and

Byungha Shin1,*


Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon,

Republic of Korea

2Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine,

Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea




Continuous improvement in efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2

(CIGS) solar cells has been made in recent years with a new

record of 22.9%. Application of postdeposition treatments

(PDTs) with alkali fluoride (KF, RbF, or CsF), beyond the

conventional choice of Na, has been proven to be essential

in the recent performance improvements of CIGS solar

cells. Despite the significant contribution of heavy alkali

element(s) to the production of high-performance CIGS solar

cells, understanding of the mechanism of the efficiency en-

hancement by Rb and/or Cs is nowhere close to the level of

what have been known about Na and K. In this study, we

have systematically investigated the effects of Cs post-

deposition treatment (PDT) on materials properties of CIGS

absorbers as well as on the final photovoltaic devices. With

the optimized CsF-PDT process and a controlled amount of

Cs, the efficiency of a CIGS solar cell improved up to 18.4%,

mainly due to the increase in open-circuit voltage as large as

by 50 mV and fill-factor. Atomic level chemical analysis by

scanning tunneling electron microscopy and atomic probe

tomography revealed a significant accumulation of Cs at the

interfaces of the CIGS―both external interfaces (front CdS/

CIGS and rear CIGS/Mo) and interface interfaces, i.e., grain

boundaries. Photoluminescence measurement, admittance spec-

troscopy and drive-level capacitance profiling were carried

out to investigate internal defects and changes in charge trans-

port mechanisms with and without CsF-PDT. Based on these

results, we conclude that the main beneficial effects by the

CsF-PDT are increase of the hole concentration and passi-

vation of the deep-level defects.

SS-II-003

Influence of Mechanical Stress on the Photovoltaic

Properties of Flexible CIGS Solar Cell

Sungjun Kim, Minjae Kim, Youngjae Lee, and Jeha Kim*

Department of Energy Convergence Engineering, Cheongju

University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea


We studied the change of photovoltaic properties of flexible

CuInxGa(1-x)Se2(CIGS) solar cell fabricated on polyimide

(PI) by mechanical bending at the curvature radius of 75

mm (75R) and 20 mm (20R). A multi-layered solar cell can

suffer from performance problems such as collapse of the

inner layer when it is bent or folded under force. In this

study, the flexible CIGS cells flatten on PET film was placed

and forced against the surface of curved block fabricated at

a pre-designed curvature. The up(compressive) and down

(tensile)-bending were applied to a specimen of CIGS on

PET with curvatures 75R and 20R for 10,000 times and 2,000

times, respectively. From J-V measurements, we found that

the conversion efficiency(Eff.) was reduced by 3% and 4%

for up- and down-bending for 75R, and greatly reduced by

15% for 20R in the up-bending. However, the open circuit

voltage (Voc) and the short-circuit current density (Jsc)

appeared to change little within 3% for the mechanical

stresses. The degradation in the conversion efficiency (Eff.)

was found to result from the deterioration of the series

resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) of solar cell.

SS-II-004

The Study of Power Generation Performance

According to Shading of Photovoltaic System with

CIGS Module

Dae Hwan Shin, Tulga Otgonkhishig, Eun Ho Kang, and

Jong Ho Yoon*




Thin film solar cells are lighter and more rollable than con-

ventional glass substrate-based solar cells, so they have a

small volume and are easy to install. In addition, it is ex-

cellent in aesthetics and applicability, and can be expanded

to micro distributed generation such as BIPV (Building

Integrated Photovoltaics) as well as replacing the existing

large capacity power generation market. However, as with

the conventional solar cells, when the shadow occurs, the

performance decreases. Therefore, in this study, the effect of

shading of the solar system using the CIGS module was


analyzed, and the power generation characteristics were

analyzed through the I-V curve and power generation effi-

ciency analysis of the module. And measurement data was

analyzed by field mock-up test.

SS-II-005

Colorful Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells with

Zn-Based Nontoxic Buffer Layer

Yong-Duck Chung1,2,*, Dae-Hyung Cho1, Woo-Jung Lee1,

Myeong Eon Kim1, and Sung-Hoon Hong1



Korea

2Department of Advanced Device Technology, Korea University of



As an alternative to the environmentally undesirable CdS

buffer layer, Zn(O,S) materials have attracted interest for

use in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)-based thin-film solar cells.

The Zn(O,S) thin films were prepared by conventional CBD

and reactive sputtering process with a single ZnS target. For

the reactive sputtering process, O2/Ar mixture gas ratio was

controlled to vary the sulfur-to-oxygen composition ratio.

The solar cell efficiencies were controlled in Zn(O,S) buffer

layer at a different sulfur-to-oxygen ratio. The results suggest

that the high efficiency could be obtained with appropriate

CIGS⁄Zn(O,S) interfaces by controlling the sulfur-to-oxygen

concentration and the chemical composition in the near

surface of the CIGS layer. We also report on color tuning of

CIGS solar cells via controlling the thickness of Cd-free

Zn(O,S) buffer layer and the ITO transparent conducting

layer. And the nano-grating based structural colored layers

were coated on CIGS based thin-film solar cells by direct

nanoimprinting process with spin-on-glass resin. By changing

the pitch and size of nano-gratings, various colorful CIGS

thin film solar cells were successfully demonstrated.

SS-II-006

Flexible Hybrid Tranparent Conducting Films for

Werable Thermal Sensor and Heaters Based on

Metallized Fibers and Nanowires

Hyunjun Seok, Hyuk-Jin Kwon, Hong Seok Jo, and Sam S. Yoon*

School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841,

Republic of Korea


Electrospun metal-plated fibers and supersonically sprayed

nanowires were used to fabricate a hybrid transparent con-

ducting films exhibiting superior low sheet resistance and

transparency. The films are suitable to serve as thermal sen-

sors and heaters. Such hybrid transparent conducting films

are highly flexible and thus body-attachable and wearable.

They can be used as a body-temperature monitors and

heaters. The employed hybrid approach improved the sheet

resistance diminishing it to a minimum, while maintaining

transparency. The hybrid film exhibited a sheet resistance of

0.18 Ω/sq at the transparency of 91.1%, providing the best

performance among comparable TCFs. In addition, the low

sheet resistance of the films facilitates their powering with a

low-voltage battery and thus, portability. The thermal sen-

sing and heating capabilities were demonstrated for such

films with various sheet resistances and degrees of trans-

parency. The sensing performance increased with the impro-

vement in the sheet resistance. The uniform distribution of

the metal-plated nanofibers and nanowires resulted in a uni-

form Joule heating contributing to an efficient convection

heat transfer from the heaters to the surrounding, demon-

strated by an improved convective heat transfer coefficient.

SS-II-007

Development of CIGS Solar Cell Technology Using

Local Contact Electrode and Multi Metal Oxide

Window Layer

Dong-Hwan Jeon, Young-Ill Kim, Si-Nae Park, Dae-Kue Hwang,

Kee-Jeong Yang, Shi-Joon Sung, Jin-Kyu Kang, and

Dae-Hwan Kim*

Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea


The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells have emerged as pro-

mising candidates for a renewable energy technology. Solar

frontier have achieved a world record power conversion

efficiency of 22.9% by modifying the absorber formation.

On the flexible substrate using polymer, CIGS solar cells

have achieved 20.4% in EMPA. However, there is still a

need for improved efficiency compared to silicon-based

solar cells. In order to obtain high efficiency CIGS thin film

solar cell above 20%, advanced technology is required. In

this research, we attempt to improve the photocurrent gain

by applying the back contact passivation and to reduce back

surface recombination (Fig. 1). In addition, in order to imp-

rove the photocurrent characteristics, a technique of depo-

sition a CdS thin buffer layer and replacing the intrinsic

ZnO window layer with a compound oxide layer of high

band gap is applied.

SS-II-008

Developing a Laser Scribing Apparatus with

Uniformity and Repeatability for Monolithic CIGS

Mini Module

Won Mok Kim1,*, Jeung-hyun Jeong2, and Hyeonggeun Yu2

1Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and

Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of

Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea


Thin film CIGS solar cells fabricated on flexible substrate

such as polyimide are attracting much interest for BIPV

applications due to their characteristic merits such as high

efficiency, cost-effectiveness, low-weight as well as flexi-

bility. Since flexible substrates are easily damaged by me-

chanical contact, it is essential to apply a laser scribing tech-

46 AFORE 2019

nology, which is a non-contact machining, in order to fabri-

cate a monolithically integrated CIGS module on flexible

substrate without mechanical damage. Furthermore, process

compatibility also has to be taken into account because a

roll-to-roll based processing are mostly adopted in the pro-

duction of thin film solar cells on flexible substrates. In this

presentation, the present status of the laser scribing system

which is under development in our laboratory will be des-

cribed. An emphasis of the presentation will be given to

modification of the laser scribing system to attain scribing

uniformity and repeatability.

SS-II-009

A Graphene Oxide Interfacial Layer Effect on the

Performace of Kesterite CZTSSe Solar Cells

Junsung Jang1, Jihun Kim2, and Jin Hyeok Kim1,*

1Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Department of

material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University,


2School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and

Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea


Inorganic solar cells containing materials such as CuInS2,

CdTe, and Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) have been investigated

as future candidates for next-generation renewable energy

technology. In order to improve inorganic solar cell perfor-

mance, one of the challenges is to address the issue of

absorber/back-contact interface.

In this work, the influence of interfacial layer on the per-

formance of kesterite CZTSSe solar cell is studied using

graphene oxide (GO). A GO interfacial layer prevents suc-

cessfully the back-contact reaction resulting in decomposi-

tion of CZTSSe layer into binary chalcogenides and MoSe2.

In addition, by effectively alleviating the interference effect

generated between the incident light and the light reflected

by Mo, it reduces the loss of photons and thus, effectively

absorbs the light. Consequently, series resistance is reduced

due to suppression of MoSe2 formation and, it is confirmed

that the Jsc value is significantly improved through miti-

gation of interference effect and improved series resistance.

The CZTSSe solar cell having a power conversion effici-

ency of 11.2% which is improved over the typically made

reference cell, is fabricated with GO layer.

SS-II-010

Effects of Alkali Metal Doping in the

Low-Temperature Grown Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films

on Flexible Polyimide Probed by Scanning Probe

Microscopy

Juran Kim1, Kihwan Kim2, Jihye Gwak2, Jae Ho Yun2, and

William Jo1,*

1Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic

of Korea

2Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korean Institute of Energy Research



Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) has been studied for decades as a light

absorber for thin-film solar cells. External alkali metal

doping into CIGS thin-film solar cells is important when

employing alkali-free flexible substrates. Here, CIGS thin

films were deposited on polyimide (PI) via a three-stage

co-evaporation process, where the deposition temperature is

not over 440 °C to hinder PI from permanent damage. A few

kinds of alkali ion (Na, K, Cs, and Rb) doping into CIGS is

also done by the in-situ post-deposition treatment (PDT).

Especially, for local electrical investigation Kelvin probe

force microscopy (KPFM) were utilized to figure out grain

boundary (GB) properties and surface work function di-

fferences. According to the previous reports, alkali ions would

be segregated near the GBs in CIGS thin films surfaces.

Therefore, the surface potential bending near the GBs can

be different depending on the alkali ions and the deposition

conditions. As the surface work function values can be va-

ried, the p-n junction also can change, affecting the carrier

transport at the solar cell interfaces. As a result, the changes

of the CIGS thin film characteristics due to the alkali ion

incorporations were observable with scanning probe micro-

scopy.

SS-II-011

Characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) Films Using

Correlative Microscopy

Chanwon Jung1, Kihwan Kim2,3, and Pyuck-Pa Choi1,*


Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon,

Republic of Korea



3University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


Grain boundaries are unavoidable two-dimensional defects

in crystalline materials. To understand chemical environ-

ment near the grain boundaries is very important because it

has a different chemical environment compared to internal

grains. Also, chemical environment is different depending

on grain boundary types (small angle boundaries, random

high angle boundaries, twin boundaries and so on). Atom

probe tomography (APT) is a very useful method to reveal

the elemental profiles near grain boundaries because it has

extremely high spatial resolution (sub nano-meter scale) and

chemical sensitivity (ppm level). However, crystal structure

information is limited to obtain from APT measurements. In

this presentation, we are going to introduce the correlative

microscopy enabling to acquire both chemical and structural

information via APT and transmission Kikuchi diffraction

(TKD) measurements. Finally, we applied the method to

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films extrinsically doped with alkali

elements (Na and K) on polyimide (PI) substrates with the

expectation for revealing the relationships between grain

boundary types and elemental partitioning behaviors.


SS-II-012

Fabrication of High Efficiency CZTSe Solar Cell with

(Zn,Sn)O Buffer

Jiwon Lee, Temujin Enkhbat, Gyuho Han, and Junho Kim*

Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon,

Republic of Korea


Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) solar cells have attracted great atten-

tions because of their nontoxic and earth abundant consti-

tuent elements. Generally, CZTSe solar cells use CdS film

as a buffer layer. However, Cd is toxic material for the en-

vironment and the deposition method of chemical bath de-

position (CBD) generates management problem of the CBD

chemicals. Cd-free buffer layer is required for ecofriendly

CZTSe solar cell. We deposited (Zn, Sn)O (ZTO) film as a

Cd-free buffer layer by co-sputtering of ZnO and SnO2 at

various deposition temperatures. The CZTSe solar cell bu-

ffered with the ZTO layer deposited at 120˚C provided an

improved fill factor and thus high power conversion effi-

ciency (PCE). The best CZTSe solar cell with ZTO buffer

showed 10.56% cell efficiency, which was higher compared

to 9.57% of CdS reference cell. We will discuss which

factors contributed to the PCE improvement.

SS-II-013

A Study of Performance in Light Absorption

Enhanced Wall-Mounted BIPV System with

Micro-Patterned Light Scattering Layer

Seong Won Kwon*, Sun Yong Kim, Jun Hyung Park, and

Yong Sik Kim

BJPOWER Co., Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Photovoltaic (PV) systems that use solar energy to generate

electrical power have been studied as application to renew-

able energy research. With the application of PV technology,

building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems have been

gaining attention over the past decade, and have emerged as

a viable renewable energy generation technology that can

partially accommodate the electrical load of building. How-

ever, when the PV module is mounted on the wall of building,

the reduction of power generation, more than about 40 % at

30 ° of tilt angle, has been reported. In hence, it is crucial to

improve power generation for wall-mounted BIPV systems.

In this study, BIPV systems with two types of PV modules,

general PV module and micro-patterned PV module, have

been installed on the outer wall of building and the per-

formance of BIPV systems has been analyzed in terms of

power generation. With patterned front glass, it is expected

to enhance the light scattering of the incident sunlight by

increasing the light absorption in PV module, and the effect

of light scattering and absorption on the PV modules de-

pends on the altitude and azimuth of the sun. As a result, the

cumulative power generation of PV modules with patterned

layer in the summer is about 12% higher than that of PV

module without patterned layer.

Special Session III

Floating Photovoltaics (FPV)

SS-III-001

Floating Solar: The 3rd Pillar of the Global PV

Industry

Abhishek Kumar*, and Thomas Reindl

Solar Energy System Cluster, Solar Energy Research Institute of

Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive1, Singapore


Floating solar or floating PV (FPV) refers to the installation

of photovoltaic systems on water bodies, such as lakes,

reservoirs, hydroelectric dams, mining ponds, industrial and

water treatment ponds, near coast lagoons and other often

under-utilized water bodies. In comparison to traditional

ground mounted and rooftop solar installations, floating PV

overcomes the limitation of the competing use of land and

rooftop resources but also generally enjoys higher annual

energy yield due to the cooling effect from the water.

Depending upon the climatic conditions it also reduces the

water evaporation loss. Due to the given advantages, it is

one of the fastest growing power generation technologies

today and the cumulative installation capacity has grown to

more than a GWp from mere 150 MWp in just 2 years.

Similar exponential growth rate is expected onwards with

several large project announced, and in pipeline in USA,

China, India, South-East Asia and South Korea.

Despite its increased popularity and growth, so far there are

not sufficient studies that rigorously assess in detail the

technical implications, the economics, and the environmental

aspects of deploying FPV systems in a larger scale. As an

effort to address this, SERIS is spearheading the research &

development in world’s largest floating PV testbed located

in Singapore since October 2016. The 1-MWp floating PV

testbed consists of 10 leading commercial FPV solution and

measures comprehensive electrical and meteorological data

to evaluate the energy yield and performance. As a project

manager, SERIS also took ownership of the design, con-

struction, testing & commissioning, and now the O&M of

the testbed, thereby looking into the project development

aspects of floating PV installations.

In the presentation, we will give an overview of this 3rd

pillar of solar industry, in terms of introduction of the tech-

nology, the market potential, and the cost considerations,

followed by detail technical learnings (energy yield, O&M

issues) from our testbed. We will also touch upon few major

future opportunities such as hybrid operation with hydro-

power stations and marine offshore floating solar farms.

Combinations of offshore floating solar with aquaculture

and hydrogen generation solves more than one problem at

once for countries like Singapore and South Korea.

SS-III-002

Si-hwa Off-Shore Floating PV Pilot Test in South

Korea, 2014 ~2019

Chang-sub Won*, Dongchan Kim, Lawrence Waithiru,

Myenggil Gang, and Jongmoon Lee

48 AFORE 2019

Scotra. co. LTd, Seoul, Republic of Korea


In this paper, we explain about the offshore solar photo-

voltaic power generation system. Since 2013, the demon-

stration facility of the water-based solar system has been

installed in Sihwa Lake, and it has been operating until now.

This has led to the normal fatigue study of the solar buo-

yancy system and the limit test research by strong winds and

waves such as typhoons. In addition, the study of electrical

power output was also conducted. This paper describes the

contents of future research.

SS-III-003

On-Site Real-Time Health Monitoring of Stress

Structure and Float on Floating Photovoltaic System

in River

Jae Seong Jeong1,*, Jong Moon Lee2, and Chang Sub Won2


Technology Institute (KETI), Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea

2Department of R&D, Scotra CO., LTD, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of

Korea


Floating photovoltaic (PV) systems have been increasing

since 2014. These were installed over 1GWp globally. The

world bank predicts that the installation of the floating PV

systems will continue to increase. The 50kWp floating PV

system of structure type is installed in Soyang-river. Floating

PV systems are influenced by more complex environmental

stress than ground-mounted photovoltaic system. Wind pre-

ssure, wind direction, velocity of flow, wave, and mooring

shock, etc. In addition, field failures of these systems are

difficult to repair, which can lead to an increase of the

system integrity cost. Therefore, structural health of floating

PV system should be diagnosed with the real-time moni-

toring and its stability should be predicted.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the “Energy Core Technology Program”

of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning

(KETEP) granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade,

Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea. (No. 20183010014260) (No.

20173010012910)

SS-III-004

Fundamental Research for Establishing Floating

Photovoltaic(PV) Component Standard


Renewable Energy Technology Center, Korea Testing Laboratory,

Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


Due to the plan to install photovoltaic (PV) modules in Sae-

mangeum area, Jeollabuk-do, there are many attentions for

floating PV module in South Korea. Korea Standard (KS)

for floating PV module supply was already published only

for inland water, such as river, reservoir, or pond. However,

in near-ocean environment such as Saemangeum area, which

needs to consider salinity, wave and wind, there are not many

researches for establishing floating PV module component

standard. Thus, in this research, we will construct floating

PV site, which constituted commercial PV modules, in Sae-

mangeum area and then, analyze floating PV system’s draw-

backs and PV module’s quality, which satisfied for product

components. In addition, indoor quality test will be held for

checking long-term endurance of metal and plastic com-

ponents. Using simulation tools, we will find out suitable

factors for enforcing structural stability of floating PV mo-

dule system. At last, we analyze environmental hazard of

PV module components, which consists of various materials

in near-ocean environment. The data that are collected in

researches above will be used for standardization of floating

PV module components.

Special Session IV

International Workshop on Super Grid in Northeast Asia

IN-IV-001

Feasibility of Integrating Renewable Energy Sources

of Mongolia to the Northeast Asia Supergrid

Enebish Namjil*

Laboratory of Advanced Technology, Institute of Physics and



The paper presents results of the ADB study for deploying

abundant solar and wind energy resources in Mongolia for

power exports at the NEA regional power system. In order

to assess the feasibility of regional interconnected power

system across a large geographic region and multiple coun-

tries, Generation Expansion Simulation Programme (GESP)

was used. The study presents different network configura-

tions for power interconnection for 2020, 2026, 2030 and

2036, including HVDC and integrated HVDC and HVAC

schemes. The analysis considers power systems characteri-

stics, such as the seasonal and daily electric load curves of

the NEA regions. There was considered four different planning

Scenarios: Scenario 0: “minGW” capacity (The “minGW”

capacity refers to the available connection capacity to current

220kV substations) in 2020, connected to Mongolian 220kV

power grid, only for Mongolia electricity consumption;

Scenario 1: + 5GW in 2026 , mainly for exportation to

neighboring countries and Scenario 2: + 10GW in 2036 for

increasing export to neighboring countries as well; and

Scenario 3: +100GW in the long term for supporting energy

transition to 100% renewables and energy security in North-

East Asia. In addition, comprehensive Solar and Wind

power potential assessment has been also carried out using

accurate wind and solar resource data and robust Geographic

Information System (GIS) tool and also identified a suitable

sites taken into account areas incompatible with future Wind

or Solar PV development.


IN-IV-002

Renewables Deployment in North East Asia

Mika Ohbayashi*

Director, Renewable Energy Institute, Japan


The world is now undergoing a major transformation. The

accelerating energy shift is about to change even the world

geopolitics. Its mainstay is the explosive expansion of renew-

ables, especially their rapid expansion in major developing

countries that hold the key to future greenhouse gas re-

ductions.

The basis is that renewables are already the cheapest power

source of any energy in many parts of the world and

countries. According to the report of the International Re-

newable Energy Agency, since 2010, the average power

generation cost of photovoltaic power generation has been

reduced by 70%, and wind power has been reduced by 20%.

Both solar and wind power are said to be the cheapest by

2020 compared to any fossil fuel.

Fossil fuels have shaped the basis for global energy use and

economic growth. The uneven distribution of resources has

had a major impact on world security, and has become the

foundation of national political dynamics. As more renew-

ables expand, countries that have exerted influence over the

international community against the backdrop of abundant

resources will gradually lose their voice and the number of

conflicts over fossil fuel resources will decrease.

These changes will bring geopolitical transformation to

countries that have so far been limited to fossil fuels and

uranium resources and have relied on foreign imports. South

Korea and Japan are the first of such countries. However, if

the expansion of renewables is successful, a country that has

been called a resource-poor country will become a leading

“energy-rich country” in the world.

IN-IV-003

Renewable Energy Cooperation for Super Grid in

Northeast Asia

Jinsoo Song*

Chairman, Northeast Asia Renewable Energy Institute


Objectives of Super Grid are to construct large scale renew-

able power plants in desert areas and to share generated

electricity through transmission network. To realize this

kind of dream project, the most importance is cooperation

with neighboring countries and key challenges could be

making the consensus among participants, developing im-

plementation road map with action plan, and establishing

organizations needed.

Especially In Korea, the driving forces are the need for

energy independence, moving away from the dependence on

fossil fuel import, and transition to ‘clean & safe’ energy.

Renewable energy, as a core technology of Super Grid, is

becoming more important with rapidly changing domestic

business environment due to the frequent fluctuation of

international petroleum price and UN framework conven-

tion on climate change.

In this paper, history of renewable energy cooperation with

neighboring countries are reviewed and status of Super Grid

in Northeast Asia including results of the feasibility study is

also introduced. At present, a practical project for construc-

tion of demonstration site in the next stage has been pro-

posed to raise funds which will carry out site selection,

analysis of weather and electrical condition, and actual design.

Special Session V

Saemangeum Cluster : National Innovation Hub for Renewable Energy

SS-V-001

Saemangeum : The “World’s Best Renewable Energy

Cluster”

Seong- Ho Lee*

Director General of new and renewable energy department,

Jeollabuk-do office

Song Ha-jin, the governor of Jeonbuk, announced the vision

to preoccupy and lead the renewable energy industry by

making Saemangeum as ‘the world’s best renewable cluster’

in the proclamation ceremony Oct. 30, 2018. Jeollabukdo

will create the world’s largest 3GW level photovoltaic

system complex in Saemangeum and GW level offshore

wind park in nearby sea of Gunsan to create a renewable

energy market. And Jeonbuk will also build floating PV

system and offshore wind complex to establish berth hinter-

land of offshore wind and attract manufacturing companies

for supply distribution. In addition, Jeonbuk will create

research infrastructure related to renewable energy and

support the commercialization of the technology and human

resources to create a cluster so that Saemanguem can serve

as an milestone of renewable energy. It is expected that

about KRW 10 trillion of private investment funds will be

supported to the construction of PV and offshore wind

complex in Saemangeum and about 2 million construction

workers will participate annually. The government is

expecting that the project will attract about 100 companies

related to renewable energy, to create 100,000 high quality

jobs and to draw economic development of KRW 25 trillion

for the next 10 years through the creation of a renewable

cluster in Saemangeum.

SS-V-002

Plans for Jeonbuk Energy Industry Convergence

Complex

Ji-Hoon Lee*, and Youn-Hwa Na

Leader of the new and renewable energy team, Jeollabuk-do office

Jeonbuk has secured institutional support of the central

government for creating the world’s best renewable energy

cluster, as their plan for ‘Saemangeum Energy Industry Con-

vergence Complex’ has been selected as the government

expenditure supporting project. For the project, floating PV,

offshore wind and green hydrogen were selected as energy-

50 AFORE 2019

focused industry around Saemangeum(23.9), and the vision

of ‘global center for renewable energy convergence industry’

was presented. In addition, the government will support the

necessary areas for energy-focused industry, professional

research institute and training for professional personnel as

well as R&D of energy specialized companies and establi-

shing a comprehensive support center that can support and

control the aforementioned projects. Jeollabukdo will first

establish a comprehensive support center which will serve

as the control tower for the industrial-academic network and

complex operation from 2020 and promote a pilot project

called, the ‘RE100 special zone.’ In the future, energy-related

industrial-academic integration and technology development

- demonstration - commercialization of energy-focused industry

will bring an economic ripple effect throughout the overall

energy industry convergence complex and it is expected to

create KRW 256.7 billion of production and 3,145 jobs.

SS-V-003

National Renewable Energy Demonstration Complex

Eun-Seok Song, Haejung Hwang, Tae-Gyu Park, and

Gi Sung Pang*

Office of Renewable Energy Demonstration Complex, Korea

Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP),



To mitigate climate change, the world is moving toward de-/

low-carbonization by energy transition to clean energy – in

particular, increasing the share of renewable energy in the

global energy mix. Korean government made policy to

promote eco-friendly, future energy, such as the “Renew-

able Energy 3020 (RE3020) Plan” and the “8th Basic Plan

for Electricity Supply and Demand (8th BPE)” in 2017, that

is, to increase the share of renewable energy generation up

to 20% in 2030.

In accordance, we developed the basic concept of the “Na-

tional Renewable Energy Demonstration Complex (NREDC).”

NREDC provides the appropriate conditions to conduct the

field test or demonstration of variable renewable energy

(VRE) generation, and find solutions to integrate high shares

of VRE – floating PV and wind power in energy systems. It

consists of the digitalized power grid including EMS and

ESS, dispatchable renewable energy generators (bio-gas

engine or wood-pellet boiler, etc.), demand-side manage-

ment (prosumer or VPP, BEMS, etc.), and coupling with

other energy sectors like hydrogen (power-to-gas, P2G),

heat (power-to-heat, P2H) and electric vehicles including

FCEV. NREDC will play a key role to explore energy

systems integration, and be the national hub of innovations

to foster the development and demonstration of solutions

that increase the energy system flexibility needed to inte-

grate high shares of VRE.

SS-V-004

Evaluation and Assessment Center for Floating

Photovoltaics, KTL


Renewable Energy Technology Center, Korea Testing Laboratory,

Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


The world’s largest floating Photovoltaic (PV) module site

will be constructed in Saemangeum area, Jeollabuk-do, South

Korea. Evaluating PV module in near-ocean environment,

such as Saemangeum area, is getting more important rather

than inland water nowadays, due to its harsh environment

such as salinity, wave, and wind. For this reason, floating

PV module site construction project in Saemangeum area

will do on-site evaluation of floating PV module in its whole

lifespan. This project will find out validity of current floa-

ting PV module system as short-term evaluation and per-

formance and endurance of aged floating PV module sys-

tem, which needs to scrap as long-term evaluation. These

evaluations will be the guideline for floating PV module

install plans for Saemangeum area, and will be the data hub

for floating PV module manufacturer. Moreover, we will

acquire on-site floating PV module platform and will offer

many advantages to manufacturers for R&D of floating PV

module until 2021.

With on-site floating PV module evaluation, Korea Testing

Laboratory (KTL) Renewable Energy Technology Center

will construct floating PV module evaluation complex in

Saemangeum area with 19,800m2 scale. This complex will

do the main role of floating PV module evaluation in Sae-

mangeum area. Floating PV modules, floating materials,

and construct materials will be tested in this complex.

Various tests that are for project goals and floating PV

module & system standardization will be held in this com-

plex until 2023. In addition, developing PV industry in

Saemangeum area, KTL will offer open-lab and certification

education program to manufacturers in Saemangeum area.

SS-V-005

Evaluation and Assessment Center for Offshore Wind

Turbine Components and Materials

Jinbong Kim*

Wind turbine Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of

Materials Science, Republic of Korea


Offshore wind power generates electricity from wind energy

with wind turbines constructed in the ocean. Since Korea is

surrounded by seas on three sides of the country, Korean

government and industry is paying a great attention to

offshore wind farm. However, because of the limited acce-

ssibility to the offshore wind turbines over a few MWs, the

reliability is the key technology of the offshore wind tur-

bines. The planning of the evaluation and assessment center

for offshore wind turbine components and materials aims to

supply wind turbine manufacturers with the technical solu-

tions to increase the reliability of their products through the

evaluation and assessment facility and technology.


SS-V-006

Plan to Foster the Hydrogen Industry in Jeonbuk

Province

Young-kwon Kim*

New and Renewable Energy Division, Jeonbuk TechnoPark,

Jeonju, Republic of Korea


Jeonbuk Province recently developed and announced a ‘Plan

to foster the Hydrogen Industry in Jeonbuk Province’ in line

with the government’s policy to promote hydrogen economy

and hydrogen industry. To become one of the nation’s top

hydrogen fusion industrial hubs by creating an eco-friendly

green hydrogen production hub in conjunction with Sae-

mangeum Renewable Energy Cluster.

Jeonbuk Province was declared the renewable energy in-

dustry as a strategic industry for the first time in the country

and fostering it for the time being. The research and man-

power supply infrastructure is well equipped, including

research institutes and universities. The carbon industry can

be connected to the hydrogen storage sector. In accordance

with the above-mentioned, Jeonbuk Province has many

advantages compared to other regions in Korea.

The Jeonbuk’s hydrogen policy intends to foster new indu-

stries in the region by fostering the hydrogen industry’s all

sector, which enables the production, storage, transport and

utilization of the nation’s top-notch green hydrogen, and thereby

vitalize the local economy. Various means were proposed

for this purpose, and the central and local governments are

working together to promote hydrogen fusion industries by

encouraging budget expansion and private investment.

SS-V-007

Current Status and Development of Hydrogen and Fuel

Cell Center for Industry, Academy, and Laboratories

Young Woo Choi*

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Center for Industry, Academy, and

Laboratories, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Buan, Republic of

Korea


The hydrogen and fuel cell center for industry, academy,

and laboratories is focusing all its capabilities to build a

world-class hydrogen fuel cell infrastructure and commer-

cialize fuel cells to support specialized technology develop-

ment and transfer technology. For the purpose of fuel cell

commercialization, the center is tasked with (1) develop-

ment, performance evaluation, demonstration and certifi-

cation of hydrogen fuel cell systems and components (2)

development of fuel cell for transport, large-scale and com-

mercial use (3) development of key components in fuel cell

such as catalysts, polymer electrolytes, separation plates,

MEA, stacks, power transducers and etc. (4) commerciali-

zation of fuel cell standards (5) commercialization of fuel

cell by fostering human resources. In this talk, we introduce

new projects and development strategies that are being

carried out by the center to maximize research productivity.

Special Session VI

Resource depletion crisis, the only renewable energy source in the future : Waste Renewable Energy Special session

SS-VI-001

Thermal Treatment and Energy Utilization Status and

Activation Plan of Domestic Waste in Korea

Kyoon Duck Yoon*

Environmental Assessment Center, Korea Testing Laboratory,

Republic of Korea


Solid waste from households and industry should be treated

in accordance with the provisions of environmental legi-

slation. Within the current regulations, waste treatment

methods are landfill, incineration and recycling. The waste

heat generated by thermal treatment of wastes can be classi-

fied into incineration, solid fuel production, mixed use in

cement kilns and power plants, and use in energy recovery

facilities. Each method has different application rules, which

results in different licensing conditions. It is licensed and

used in accordance with these regulatory characteristics and

the local, economic, environmental and social conditions of

the installation area. However, as waste treatment facilities

are still recognized as hazardous and dirty facilities, the

spread of waste energy facilities is not keeping up. There-

fore, this presentation intends to analyze the legal, environ-

mental and economic characteristics of facilities that can

utilize waste heat by thermal treatment of solid waste and

suggest ways to spread various waste treatment technolo-

gies.

SS-VI-002

Current Status and Challenges on Energy Recovery of

Combustible Wastes from Landfill Mining in Korea

Kyuyeon Kim*, Su-Young Lee, Won-Seok Yang, Won-Seok Lee,

and Sunkyoung Shin




Korea has begun to excavate and remediate the closed land-

fills from the 2000s. The study is carried out to understand

proper separating systems and resource recovery of exca-

vated materials containing waste from various excavating

fields in Korea. The development of related technologies and

business activities are actively ongoing. Through the analysis

of the samples such as separated combustibles, recyclable

soils and residues collected from the on-site visits we were

able to understand the characteristics of separated materials

and excavated materials containing waste such as calorific

value, elementary composition, TOC, foreign material content

and LOI. It has been surveyed that about 40 kinds of

domestic screening technologies have been registered or

certified in the fields of Korea patent and Utility Model and

Environmental New Technology. There were about 150 ex-

cavation cases of landfilled materials containing waste. The

52 AFORE 2019

separating processes mainly consist of size sorting process

for soil and rocks and plastic sorting process for film-like

combustible fractions. It was understood that elimination of

the moisture of excavations, removal of attached soil from

the surfaces of the excavated combustibles and the quan-

titative supply method of the input devices are the main

operating factors as essential factors for the optimal separa-

tion of excavated materials containing waste. For efficient

management and recycling of excavated materials containing,

it is necessary to set criteria of ash content in separated

combustibles and criteria organic matter content in separated

soils in Korea.

SS-VI-003

A Study on Waste Plastics Low Temperature

Emulsion Technology Using Catalyst

Jung Hyun Park1,2,*, and Woon Ho Yeo2

1SUDOKWON Landfill Site Management Corp., Incheon, Republic

of Korea

2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon

National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea


This study is about a new emulsification technology to

reduce waste plastics, which are problematic and left un-

attended and piled up all over the country due to the lack of

environmental and efficient waste treatment methods. Heat

and electromagnetic waves generated from the heater ge-

nerate short-wave UV-C waves by the ceramic catalyst, and

selectively decompose only flammable materials such as

plastic at low temperature below 270 °C, and decompose

plastic polymer in anoxic state and carbon bond of polymer

which breaks and produces vaporized vapor. When the oil

vapor is cooled and liquefied, impurities such as water and

chlorine are removed, and low molecular weight is further

reduced by the ceramic catalyst, wax components are

removed and high quality light recycled oil such as kerosene

can be produced. The physical and chemical properties of

electromagnetic waves generated by ceramic catalysts can

be known through spectral analysis.The effectiveness of

plastic decomposing within a short time at low temperature

(above 270 °C) is higher than that of conventional emulsi-

fication technology (above 400 °C). TGA (Thermo Gravi-

metric Analysis) experiments were performed with the

analyzer. As a result of comparative experiments in which

the temperature of HDPE, PP, and mixed plastics is in-

creased without the catalyst and only the ceramic catalyst is

applied to the other, the UV-C pulsed wave will decompose

the plastic within a shorter time. In addition, the experiment

continued to find the operating temperature and the efficient

reaction time of the emulsion reactor.

SS-VI-004

National Disaster Waste Management System,

Industry 4.0 and Waste Biomass : The Future of

Renewable Biomass Energy

Jae Sung Park1,2*, and Woon Ho Yeo2

1Geum River Basin Environment Agency, Ministry of Environment,

Republic of Korea


National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea


Recently, South Korea is facing a national crisis such as

African swine fever(ASF), foot and mouth disease, and bird

influenza(AI). In contrast to the radioactive waste problem

from the Japanese nuclear accident, Korea faces vulnerable

situations such as post-management of livestock landfill

sites and safe disposal of massive livestock waste such as

livestock manure. Meanwhile, the coming crisis of the

country is actively discussed as a change in the industrial

base, that is, Korean Fourth Industrial Revolution(KFIR,

like Industry 4.0). In the renewable energy industry, waste is

a national recycle resource and a means to reduce green-

house gases. So transformation of renewable energy resources

system to KFIR industry. In this presentation, we will 1)

examine the currently available waste treatment system and

2) present the urgent part of the relevant institutional foun-

dation and maintenance to establish a national waste system

to solve the waste crisis of the country. In connection with

this, we will discuss the KFIR infra structure construction,

which are 1) the transformation of national industrial base,

and 2) industrial base of renewable biomass energy using

recycled resources in the future. In this presentation, it will

be meaningful to present the basis of waste disposal in the

national crisis and the institutional barriers faced by high

technology in the renewable energy industry. Further research

is needed on the integrated policy and institutional improve-

ment of the government’s climate, energy and environment

sectors on renewable energy systems.

SS-VI-005

Utilization of Livestock Organic Waste to Energy

Resource Caused by Infectious Diseases Such as

African Swine Fever

Jung Kyung Rho*, and Jong Hwan Park

Hae Sung E & G Corporation LTD, Republic of Korea


The number of livestock raised in Korea ranges from 200

million heads in 2010 to 260 million heads in 2017 (around

11 million heads of pigs), resulting in 170,000 m3 of

manure per day(Korea National Statistical Office, 2019).

Most of the manure (about 90%) is being composted or

liquefied through the recycling process. However, with the

increase in livestock farming and breeding heads, the con-

tinuous decrease in farmland area (about 5% reduction in

2009~2018) has led to the need for effective treatment

through the diversity of manure treatment methods. The

management of infectious livestock disease is mainly aimed

at immunization, vaccination and disinfection management,

and is controlled through proliferation prevention and mana-

gement procedures through movement stop orders and

preventive killing to prevent the spread of livestock in-

fectious diseases. However, in the process of this process, a

problem of storage of various livestock manure occurs due

to the movement stop command, and it causes a problem of


disposal of organic waste (carcasses, etc.) generated through

incineration and disposal of for sale. The outbreak of

livestock infectious diseases, from foot-and-mouth disease

and avian influenza (AI) to the recent outbreak and spread

of the African swine fever (ASF), is not limited to simple

livestock farming. It is a big national task that covers a wide

range of sectors, including economic issues and environ-

mental issues that arise during the post-treatment process.

We propose a waste treatment method in terms of energy

recovery, which obtains energy from livestock manure and

organic waste. So, the solidification using solid refuse fuels

(SRF) manufacturing facilities and the possibility of using

them as energy resources.

SS-VI-006

Carbonized Solid Fueling of Livestock Manure and

Algae Sludge

Bong Ki Lee1,*, Dong Hwan Kam1, Kil Hwan Moon2,

Young Jin Cho3, and Jin Kyoung Kim4,*

1Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, SungKyunKwan

University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

2Department of Electroelectronics and Automobile Engineering,

JoongBu University, Goyang, Republic of Korea

3Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, Chonbuk

National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

4DA ENG, Jeonju, Republic of Korea


Current livestock manure treatment systems hinder the

development of environmentally friendly livestock farming

and advancement of waste disposal. In order to improve this

problem, the fuelization of livestock excrement is necessary.

Carbonization of livestock manure has a higher calorific

value than simple solid fueling and can reduce environ-

mental problems caused by odors. In addition, the efficient

carbonization of livestock manure requires the mixing of

carbonized solid fuels of green algae sludge and livestock

manure. Low heat generation calorific value of seaweed

green algae is 5,137.3 kcal / kg, which is considered to be

sufficient to meet the bio-SRF standard when the mixed

carbonized solid fuel of livestock manure and green algae

sludge is used. However, the current regulations allow

fueling of biomass only for single waste and there is no

treatment facility for mixed carbonization and solid fueling

of livestock manure and green algae sludge. Therefore, it is

necessary to revise related laws and to provide institutional

support for the development of processes and facilities for

energization of livestock manure for efficient energization

of livestock manure.

SS-VI-007

The Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction and

Energy Recovery by Waste Biomass using Ultra High

Temperature and Pressure Boiler

Won Hyeog Joo1,2, Jae Sung Park1,*, and Woon Ho Yeo1


National University, Republic of Korea

2Woo min energy corp., Incheon, Republic of Korea


Construction of new incineration facilities in Korea is very

difficult as opposed to local residents. The Korean govern-

ment is enacting the energy recovery criteria for incineration

facilities to induce various incentives for incineration plants

that produce more energy than the criteria. In this presen-

tation, 1) high temperature and high pressure boiler is si-

mulated to an energy facility that uses waste biomass as a

raw material, 2) energy recovery is showed follwing Korean

criteria, 3) greenhouse gas reduction is calculated. The appli-

cation of high temperature and high pressure boilers will be

presented for the conversion to renewable energy produc-

tion facilities rather than incineration facilities. In this

presentation, it is meaningful to find a technical solution in

the situation where it is difficult to install an incineration

facility and to suggest the possibility of constructing a waste

biomass-based collective renewable energy complex as a

local energy facility. It is necessary to study the greenhouse

gas business possibility by analyzing the reduction of green-

house gases and economic benefits by constructing renew-

able biomass energy complex.

Special Session VII

Next-Generation Solar Cells for PV Application

IN-VII-001

An Advanced Thin Film PV Technology and

Application

Jian Ding*

Alta Devices, INC., California, USA / Hanergy Thin-film Power

Group, Beijing, China


Alta Devices is founded with the goal of bringing high

efficiency thin film GaAs technology to the masses. In

2010, Alta Devices first broke the world record for single-

junction solar cell efficiency. Since then, Alta Devices has

broken the world record six more times (consecutively) and

holds the current world record at 29.1%. In 2014, Alta

Devices was acquired by the renewable energy giant

Hanergy Holdings with a portfolio of three other thin film

solar companies: Solibro, Global Solar, and MiaSole.

The mass production of thin, lightweight, and highly

efficient GaAs solar cells will allow Alta Devices to provide

its solar technology to mobile power markets, making it

ideal for a wide variety of applications such as Small

Unmanned Systems, HALE(High Altitude Long Endurance)

UAVs and HAPS(High Altitude Pseudo Satellites), Airships,

LEO and Small Satellites Constellations, EV(Electric Vehi-

cles), Consumer Devices and IoT(Internet of Things).

IN-VII-002

High Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells

Hitoshi Tampo*, Shinho Kim, Takehiko Nagai, Hajime Shibata, and

54 AFORE 2019

Shigeru Niki

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,

Japan


We have investigated Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) based solar

cells using coevaporation and thermal annealing. We have

focused on alkaline doping, alloying and surface treatment

to suppress the recombination in the bulk and front hetero-

interface region to improve the efficiency, especially Voc

[1, 2, 3]. The suitable composition for high conversion

efficiency in CZTSe is widely known, which is mainly on

the cation composition ratio. The total amount of the anion

atoms is considered to be 50at%, therefore, the anion control

has not seriously considered until now. In this study, we

investigated the selenium supply effect both at the coeva-

poration and annealing. It is demonstrated that the selenium

supply, especially, at the growth affects the conversion effi-

ciency with Voc and Jsc, and the origin of the dependence

was investigated. The shallow and deep defect states are

investigated by constant photocurrent method, however, the

dependence was not clear. The Urback tails were ~20 meV,

and deep state at 0.62 eV were almost identical between the

samples with the different selenium supply. The highest

conversion efficiency CZTSe cell of 12.0% (Voc: 0.418 V,

Jsc: 42.1 mA/cm2, FF: 0.683) was obtained.

IN-VII-003

Hybrid Nano-Architectures for Photovoltaic

Applications

Rupesh S. Devan*

Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian

Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore

453552, India


The nanotechnology is becoming familiar not only in

research publications but also in everyday life. With the

broad range of prospective usage, nanomaterials offer the

promise of transformational change in almost every industry,

from aerospace and energy to healthcare and agriculture.

Overall, nanomaterials offer the potential to solve some of

the most vexing challenges and are a critical driver of future

economic growth worldwide. Nanomaterials of 0D, 2D, and

3D morphological forms are of general interest. However,

we should put more effort into the synthesize and charac-

terize hybrid-architectures of 0D, 1D) and 2D nanostructures.

These hybrid hetero-architectures of 1D, and 2D nanostruc-

tures in various forms have triggered a lot of excitement and

expanded breakthrough achievement in all areas of elect-

ronics. The 1D nanostructure forms can enhance the unique

properties of materials, making them suitable for a wide

variety of applications such as gas sensors, smart windows,

solar cells, light-emitting diodes, field emitters, and field-

effect transistors. However, the 1D nanostructures do still

have some drawbacks. For example, in comparison with the

bulk materials, the low dimension and small size make the

melting points lower, but the resistivity higher, so the

thermal and chemical stability of the 1D nanostructures may

be weakened. Therefore, our group is working to overcome

these drawbacks and has explored the formation of hybrid

nano-architectures of 0D, 1D, and 2D forms. In this talk, I

shall present our recent work on the synthesis of hybrid

nano-architectures of stoichiometric 0D, 1D, and 2D nano-

structures using Physics and Chemical synthesis techniques.

These hybrid nano-architectures uniformly distributed on

various conducting substrates were characterized utilizing

XPS, FESEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, etc. to confirm the com-

positions, chemical states, electronic properties, and crystal

structure, etc. Further, they are found promising photo-active

candidates for application in solar energy conversion in the

form of water splitting, water remediation, solar cell, etc.

IN-VII-004

Omnidirectional and Broadband Antireflection Effect

with Tapered Silicon Nanostructures Fabricated with

Low-Cost And Large-Area Capable Nanosphere

Lithography Process

Jea-Young Choi*

Dept. of Materials Sci. & Engr., Dong-A University, Busan, Republic

of Korea


In this report, we present a silicon (Si) nanopillar (NP) array

fabrication and its tapering process on large Si surface area

(wafer w/ 2-inch diameter) to provide enhanced light harve-

sting for Si solar cell application. From our N,N-dimethyl-

formamide (DMF) solvent-controlled spin-coating method,

silica nanosphere (SNS in 310 nm diameter) coating on Si

surface was demonstrated successfully with improved mono-

layer coverage (>95%) and uniformity. After combining this

method with a reactive ion etching (RIE) technique, a high

density Si NP array was produced, and we revealed that

controlled tapering of Si NPs could be achieved after

introducing a two-step RIE process using (1) CHF3/Ar gases

for SNS selective etching over Si and (2) Cl2 gas for Si

vertical etching. From our experimental and computational

study, we showed that an effectively tapered Si NP, i.e., an

Si nanotip (NT), structure could offer a highly effective

omnidirectional and broadband antireflection effect for high

efficiency Si solar cell application.

Keywords : Nanostructure; gradient refractive index change; antire-

flection; spin-coating; solar cell

IN-VII-005

Silar Based ZnxCd1-xS Buffer Layers: A Solution for

Meeting High Voc in SnS Thin Film Solar Cells

Pravin S. Pawar, and Jaeyeong Heo*





SnS thin-film solar cells were fabricated by utilizing the

ZnxCd1-xS buffer layer as a replacement to the traditional

CdS buffer layer. The ZnxCd1-xS buffer layers were depo-


sited on vapor-transport-deposited (VTD) SnS absorber

using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method.

Based on our experimental results, varying the Zn-to-Cd

ratio resulted in a series of ZnxCd1-xS thin films with band-

gaps in the range of 2.40–3.65 eV. Likewise, the perfor-

mance of SnS/ZnxCd1-xS TFSCs was tested in addition to

their pristine counterparts (CdS and ZnS). ZnxCd1-xS with x

= 0.34 was found to be the optimal combination for VTD-

SnS TFSCs to achieve an enhanced efficiency of 3.72%

with a record open-circuit voltage of 0.405 V as resulting

from a controlled conduction band offset (CBO) at the

SnS/ZnxCd1-xS interface along with a favorable absorption

and moderate conducting properties of the buffer layer.

Finally, the superior performance of this particular device

was further explored via several extensive experimental

analyses.

Oral AbstractsME : Marine Energy 59

WE : Wind Energy 60

PV : Photovoltaics 64

PN : Policy, Strategy&New Business 67

HF : Hydrogen&Fuel Cell 67

WU : Wasted Energy&Utilization 68

SH : Small Hydro Power 69

ESS/SG&MG : Energy Storage System / Smart Grid&Micro Grid 70

E&LCT : Environment&Low Carbon Technology 70

Oral Abstracts 59

ME : Marine Energy

O-ME-001

Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter with Variable

Stiffness Structure

Tri Dung Dang, Tri Cuong Do, and Kyoung Kwan Ahn*

School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan,

Republic of Korea


This paper proposed a new method to achieve the resonant

behavior of a point absorber floating buoy type of Wave

Energy Converter (WEC) using direct drive power take-off

(PTO) system. The system has four main components: a

frame; a buoy with a guiding shaft; a supplementary mass

coupled with linear generator and a variable stiffness structure.

Firstly, the motion in vertical direction of the buoy in the sea

is converted to oscillating motion of the supplementary mass.

Next, the mass is coupled with a copper coil. The coil motion

inside a magnetic wall will induces an electrical current in

the coil as a linear generator. Besides, a pair of pre-tension

springs will create a negative stiffness phenomenon acts on

the motion of the mass and increase the performance of the

system. Finally, a variable stiffness structure is installed to

control the trajectory of the mass, it can increase the

velocity of the mass motion thus the performance of the

system is improved. Configuration and working principle of

WEC are introduced, studied and analyzed. The mathematical

model is presented to explain the system behavior. Numerical

simulation has been carried out to evaluate the operation of

the system. Experimental test rig has been set up and im-

plemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure.

O-ME-002

Numerical Study on Wave Absorbing Performance of

Pneumatic Floating Breakwater

Dong-Min Kim, Sanghwan Heo, Eun-Hong Min, and

Weoncheol Koo*

Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Inha



In this study, the parametric studies on the wave blocking

and wave energy absorption of a pontoon-type pneumatic

floating breakwater were conducted using a two-dimensional

numerical wave tank (NWT) technique. To increase the

effect of wave blocking and reduction after the breakwater,

submerged structures were installed on the seabed to

generate Bragg reflection. The developed NWT technique

was based on the Boundary Element Method (BEM) with

potential-flow-based theory. To capture the water particle

behaviors, the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) time mar-

ching scheme with Runge-Kutta 4th-order time integration

was used. Using the mode-decomposition method in the

acceleration field the motion responses and wave elevations

in the chamber were calculated. A comparative analysis of

wave blocking performance for various shape parameters

with wave conditions was conducted and the numerical

results were compared with the previous study.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement

of Technology(KIAT) grant funded by the Korea Government

(MOTIE) (No. P0001968 and P0008750, The Competency

Development Program for Industry).

O-ME-003

An Experimental Investigation of Structural Shape

Effects on the Hydrodynamic Performance of

Small-Sized OWC WEC

Hong-Goo Kang1, Chan Joo Kim1,3, Min Jun Lee2,

Yoon Woo Choi2, Yeong Kyu Kim2, and Jong Hwa Won1,*

1Foresys Co., Ltd. Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Systems Engineering,

Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Pusan, Republic of Korea

3Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Inha



Harnessing electricity from ocean wave energy is an excellent

alternative to fossil fuel and extensive research has been

performed. The Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is one of

the most promising ones among various wave energy con-

verters (WECs) due to its structural and mechanical sim-

plicity. Numerous large-scale OWC WECs have been de-

veloped but most of them are not commercialized yet owing

to its high costs in installation, operation and maintenance.

The small-sized OWC WECs, a box type and a cylindrical

type having the same diameter, have been proposed and in-

vestigated herein. The effects of different chamber geometries

and PTO damping were investigated with a wide range of

regular wave conditions of different heights and periods. The

experimental results were further utilized to validate three-

dimensional CFD (ANSYS FLUENT) models.

O-ME-004

Introduction of Studies on a Flapping Hydrofoil Tidal

Stream Turbine in Korea

Jin Hwan Ko1,* Nguyen Le Dang Hai1, and Jihoon Kim2

1Major of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju,

Republic of Korea

2Maritime Robotics Test and Evaluation Unit, Korean Institute of

Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea


The research on flapping hydrofoil tidal stream turbines

(FHT) in Korea was started in earnest from 2011 at KIOST.

The goal of the first research was the system design of an

FHT including a dual configuration, a flexible foil imple-

mentation, and experimental evaluation with offshore demon-

stration. Except the offshore demonstration of the flexible foil,

research group in KIOST achieved the goals of the research.

Based on the achievement and experience, the research group

60 AFORE 2019

with new partner, JNU have conducted the second research

from 2014, which is about the development of a tidal stream-

based pumping system and the validation of its multi-functional

use after the pumping. The FHT design of previous research

was enhanced with the dual configuration changed and a

self-staring mechanism added. The performance of FHT

with the pump was evaluated through indoor experiments

and the self-starting mechanism was validated as well.

Offshore experiments about overall functions of the system

have been conducted from last year and I will introduce

results obtained up to now. I will also introduce facilities in

Korea which are most important in achieving the goals in

these researches.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by “Human Resources Program in Energy

Technology” of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation

and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry

of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE), Republic of Korea. (No. 2018

4030202200)

O-ME-005

A Study on Load Reduction of Tidal Turbine Blade

Dasom Jeoung, and Jin Hwan Ko*

Major of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju,

Republic of Korea


Blades of tidal stream turbines are suffered from many

different loads during operation in underwater environment

thus, acquiring their structural safety is a key issue. Some

loads are imposed repeatedly, and some are given impul-

sively. In this study, we concern an impulsive load due to

wave orbital motion and propose a load reduction method

with a blade design. The flap of an airplane wing is a fa-

mous structure for lift increase, and also it can change load

distribution on the wing by its deflection. For this reason,

we adopt a passive flap structure for the load reduction and

investigate its effectiveness by an analytical method based

on the blade element moment theory. Wave induced velo-

city to the blade is calculated by wave amplitude, submerged

depth, blade location etc., and the load is calculated with the

modified velocity profile by the induced velocity. In order

to obtain an optimal design, parametric study is conducted

by varying design parameters such as flap size, flap loca-

tion, and flap torsional stiffness. Comparison between the

optimal design and a fixed blade will show the effect of the

flap on the load reduction as well as on regulated power

extraction in a high amplitude wave condition.




of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE), Republic of Korea. (No. 2018

4030202200)

WE : Wind Energy

O-WE-I

O-WE-001


O-WE-002

Risk Analysis of A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)

Model for Renewable Energy penetration in Energy

Mix

Uwineza Laetitia1, Hyun-Goo Kim2, Chang Ki Kim3, and

Ou-Sam Jin4,*

1Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, UST, Daejeon,

Republic of Korea



Republic of Korea



Republic of Korea

4Korean Society of New & Renewable Energy, President, Seoul,

Republic of Korea


The uncertainty is a major concern in renewable energy

projects because it has many effects on the LCOE and in-

vestment decisions. The LCOE model for renewable energy

penetration in an energy mix is studied to balance the cost of

energy and risk factors in the renewable energy projects. In

pre-processing model, the global horizontal irradiation and

wind time series data set was measured by Korea Institute of

Energy Research by using Korean weather satellite, UASIBS-

KIER model, KIER-Wind Map and WindSim v9 Down-

scaling. Load profile data from Popova Island supplied by a

diesel generator were used for verification of model. Homer

software® was used to find an optimal analysis of renewable

energy penetration. LCOE model for renewable energy

penetration in the energy mix, built-in Risk software@ to

demonstrate probabilities of changes in a different sensiti-

vity variable in the model based on statistical analysis by

using Monte Carlo simulation. The application of the model

to Popova Island shows that the cost of energy for energy

mix depends on the minimum and maximum renewable

energy penetration in the energy mix. By introducing a

minimum renewable energy penetration in the model, there

is low variation in the standard deviation and low uncertainty

compared to maximum renewable energy penetration. There

are many keys to uncertainty such as fuel cost, discount rate,

renewable energy availability, CAPEX, with high probability

density in the energy mix. This model can be used as a basis

for reducing risk factors in renewable energy projects.

Key words : Renewable energy, Homer software, LCOE model for

renewable energy penetration in energy mix, Monte-

Carlo simulation, Risk factors

Oral Abstracts 61

O-WE-003

Scour Induced Risk of Offshore Wind Turbine

Support Structure

Dong Hyawn Kim1,*, and Young Jin Kim2


Kunsan National Univ., Gunsan, Republic of Korea

2Dept. Of Ocean Science & Engineering, Kunsan National Univ.,



Risk assessment procedure for offshore wind turbine support

structures induced by scour was proposed. Probabilistic

distribution of scour depth, a hazard curve, was calculated

by using the C.S.U formula with parametric uncertainties.

To get fragility curves of support structure, dynamic analysis

was done with a certain assumed scour depth, given signifi-

cant wave height and return period. Scour induced failure

probability of support structure for a given wave height then

can be found by integrating the multiplication of hazard and

fragility. It is repeated for possible range of scour depths to

form a risk curve. In numerical example, scour induced

structural risk of 3MW offshore wind turbine supported by

suction bucket foundation is evaluated. The proposed

approach can be used in determining wind farm location

where scour is significant.

O-WE-004

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Blade Surface

Contamination on the Power Performance of Medium

Wind Turbine

Seong Keon Kim1, Jong Hwa Kim1, and Bum Suk Kim2,*






Externally exposed wind turbines are directly affected by

various external environmental conditions, and in particular,

damage such as contamination and erosion occur most

frequently on rotating blades. Therefore, there is a growing

need for systematic and preventive maintenance plan against

the damage to the blade, but operators are not able to esta-

blish a systematic maintenance plan because quantitative

data on the effect of this phenomenon on the output per-

formance is lacking. Therefore, in this study, quantitative

analysis of the effect of contamination size change on the

wind turbine annual energy production (AEP) is presented

by attaching contaminants in the 660kW wind turbine blade

leading edge. the contamination condition (Moderate, Severe)

is defined according to the particle size of the sandpaper

manufactured by Deerfos. As a result of estimating the AEP

using the power curve based on surface roughness conditions

and the wind data measured from met-mast (located in Jeju),

the AEP was decreased by 9.6% under Moderate conditions

and 12.5% under Severe conditions.

AcknowledgementsThis works was supported by “Development of multi-class large

capacity wind power generator system specialized in Korea wind

site” of Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning

(KETEP) (No. 20173010024930) granted financial resource from the

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), South Korea.

O-WE-005

Effect of Atmospheric Stability, Turbulence and Wind

Shear on Power Production Variation of Wind

Turbines

Dae Young Kim1, Yean Hee Kim2, and Bum Suk Kim3,*



2Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of

Meteorological Sciences Jeju, Republic of Korea




The power production from wind turbines shows variability

depending on the atmospheric flow characteristics. In this

study, the influence on the power performance was analyzed

through classification of external environmental factors. The

study was performed using SCADA data of Dongbok ․

Bukchon Wind Farm (DBWF) located in Jeju Island and

measurements of nearby met-mast. The period of measure-

ments was about 1 years from March 4, 2016 to February 22,

2017. Based on the measurements, the parameters (Richardson

number (Ri), turbulence intensity (TI) and wind shear ex-

ponent (WSE, α)) were categorized into intensity. The dis-

tribution characteristics of the power output were analyzed

using three parameters and the conditions for high and low

performance of wind turbine were presented. Even in the

same wind speed, the differences of the power output with

Ri and TI was obvious. Stable atmospheric conditions, low

TI and strong WSE showed an increase in power production

at wind speeds near rated, while unstable atmospheric

conditions, high TI and weak ․ neutral WSE lead to increased

power output at wind speeds below rated power. It is con-

firmed that the power production of wind turbines can be

more advantageous when the atmospheric stratification is

moderately unstable and TI is above moderate magnitude.




of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Republic of Korea. (No. 2018

4030202200)

Key words :Wind turbine generator systems, power performance,

Atmospheric stability, turbulence intensity, Wind shear

exponent

62 AFORE 2019

O-WE-006

A Pumping Mill to Generate Constant Power by

Extracting High Altitude Wind Energy

Kyoung Ho Cha*

1107-2201, Saerom-Ro 55, Sejong, Republic of Korea


Airborne Wind Energy (AWE) is increasingly being attractive

due to Weather Change and many AWE Systems (AWESs)

have been proposed and prototyped since Miles L. Loyd

analyzed crosswind kite power in 1980s. Amongst them,

Ground-Gen Airborne Wind Energy System (AWES) working

on pumping/yoyo cycle and configuring generator on ground

station shows a disadvantage in discontinuous traction power

due to the recovery phase reeling a flied wing in towards

ground station, though it provides fast recovery of the flied

wing. Multiple wings can be employed to leverage this

problem and examples include the twin kites for 500kW

AWES by Kite Power System in U.K. and the Laddermill

concept by Professor W. Ockels at TU Delft University of

Technology in the Netherlands. Pumping Mill (PM), multiple

wings are evenly configured on a tether, is particularly

interested because of its high capacity and fast descent but it

is disadvantageous in continuous traction power generation

during cyclic pumping. A two phase Pumping Mill (2p-PM),

the tethered wings of the bottom PM are hung on the tether

of the upper PM, the former ascends and the latter descends

alternatingly, and a generator on ground station is shared, is

conceptualized at the system-level and its working principle

is investigated to generate constant traction power.

AcknowledgementsThe work has motivated from the 2011 Fukushima-Daiichi Disaster.

O-WE-II

O-WE-007

Optimization of a Wind Turbine Blade by Considering

the Multiple Design Parameters Using the Response

Surface Method

Sang Lae Lee1,*, and Sang Joon Shin2

1Korean Register of Shipping(KR), Busan, Republic of Korea

2Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul

National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea


As the size of the wind turbines becomes larger, the optimal

design of the blades, which are major sources of energy for

the wind turbines and also the cause of the loads, becomes

more significant than anything else. Within the framework

of the blade aerodynamic design, the maximum aerodyna-

mic efficiency, power production and the minimum thrust

force will be the target to obtain. This paper describes an

improved optimization framework for the blade aerodynamic

design under realistic conditions, while considering multiple

design parameters. The relationship between the objective

function and the design parameters, such as the chord

length, maximum chord and twist angle, were obtained by

using the second-order response surface methodology

(RSM). Moreover, the identified parameters were organized

to optimize the aerodynamic design of the blades. Further-

more, the initial and optimized blade geometries were com-

pared and showed that the performance of the optimized

blade was improved significantly. In fact, the efficiency was

increased by approximately 10% although its thrust was not

varied. In addition, to demonstrate the improvement of the

resulting optimized blades, the annual energy output (AEP)

was estimated when installed in a specific regional location.

The result showed a significant improvement when compared

with the baseline blades. This result will be extended to a

new perspective approach for a more robust optimal design

of a wind turbine blade.

O-WE-008

A Probabilistic Model of Levelized Cost of

Electricity(LCOE) for Korean Offshore Wind

Kihwan Kim1,*, Duk Oh Lim1, and Gil-Lim Yoon2

1Korea Energy Economics Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

2Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of

Korea


Levelised cost of energy (LCOE) is widely used to measure

the unit cost of electricity for a generation project. In case of

Korean wind farm, the cost of each component or each para-

meter which consist of LCOE, is rarely reported to the public.

We have proposed a probabilistic model of levelized cost of

electricity in case of Korean offshore wind. Specifically, we

make use of seven countries’ representative cost data. Using

this data, 13 parameters for CAPEX cost and 5 parameter

for OPEX cost are derived from these data set. Moreover,

we impose parameteric probabilistic distribution into each

parameter and construct a probabilistic model of LCOE for

Korean Offshore Wind. We apply this model for the cal-

culation of LCOE in two cases of Korean Offshore wind

farms; Seonam Hae Offshore Wind Test Bed and JeJu Tamra

Offshore Wind farm.

O-WE-009

Three-Dimensional Computational Aspects of

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on Aerodynamic

Performance

Sunny Kumar Poguluri1, Hyebin Lee2, and Yoon Hyeok Bae1,*

1Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National


2Multidisciplinary Graduate School for Wind Energy, Jeju National



In this study, the aerodynamic performance of a two-bladed

vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) was investigated based

on computational fluid dynamics using three-dimensional

(3D) implicit unsteady, incompressible Navier-Stokes equa-

Oral Abstracts 63

tions. To assess the errors accumulation at various states of

numerical solution on VAWT, the effect of mesh size,

computational domain, time step and different turbulent

models were chosen to obtain accurate power estimation.

Initially, the general criteria for the evaluation of the accep-

tability of results have been selected based on the existing

literature. The final suitable settings from the numerical

study are further used for comparing the power coefficient

with the experimental results from the literature with

different tip-speed ratios. And within the scope of context

some of the most complex and less understood phenomena

in the field of numerical simulations on VAWT will be

presented. For the study, the design of the 3D model scale

VAWT from the literature is employed with a two meter

diameter and two NACA 0021 blades, each with a chord

length of 0.265 m. The blades were set to 40 pitch angle with

a constant wind speed of 8 m/s. The shaft and the supporting

arms are neglected in the simulations.

O-WE-010

Performance Evaluation of Digital Wind Tunnel

Which Can Simulate Various Experimental

Conditions

Won-Sik Shin1, Jin-Ok Kim2, Ki-Weon Kang3, Dae-Yong Lee1, and

Jang-Ho Lee3,*








Prior to wind tunnel test, quality characteristics (average

wind speed, turbulence intensity, space deviation, etc.)

should be checked at all points in the test sections where the

test model (airfoil, wind blade, etc.) can be located. In this

study, quality characteristics of the wind flow field were

grasped through the measurement of the wind flow and the

analysis of the open circuit digital wind tunnel (whole

dimension: 1560mm×1965mm×1470mm), which can easily

install various experimental conditions. Analysis of the

wind flow field (wind tunnel test dimension: 1465mm×1280

mm×980mm) was conducted based on the measurement of

hot wire anemometer (HFF2005HW, OMEGA), which is

suitable for low wind speeds. In the first stage, quality

characteristics of the wind flow fields for six cross sections

(separation distance: 200mm) in the wind flow direction

were grasped and the optimal cross section for the airfoil

and wind blade tests were selected by analyzing the influ-

ences at the six cross sections. In the second stage, quality

characteristics of the wind flow fields and their flow ranges

were evaluated for each flow through the PWM (Pulse Width

Modulation)-based flow control in a predetermined optimum

cross-section. Finally, in the third stage, quality characteristics

of the wind shear were evaluated by controlling 96 fans of

the blower. It is expected that the results of this study are

used for various model test programs as well as development

of new wind blades and airfoils.

AcknowledgementsThis project is supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology

Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry

& Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20173010024870 &

20194030202300) and by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2017R1

D1A3B06032145).

O-WE-011

Research on the Design and Characteristic Analysis of

Unique Airfoil KA3

Sung-Soo Park1, Sang-Kyun Kang1, Sung-Ho Yu1, Sang-Il Lee2,

and Jang-Ho Lee3,*








In this Research, a unique airfoil was developed with a

suitable trailing edge and for root part of the wind turbine

blade’s elements. To develop airfoil, base airfoil l(hs1430-

il) was selected by examining literature study on various

airfoils with appropriate thickness ratio, and sufficient starting

torque. The selected base airfoil was analyzed for shape

factors affecting aerodynamic characteristics by applying

experimental design method. In consequence, the major design

factors were selected. Aerodynamic characteristics on various

airfoils created by the combination of design factors were

analyzed based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics). As

a result, the optimal design factor level was determined, and

the unique airfoil KA3 was developed. As a follow-up Re-

search, an experiment on the aerodynamics characteristics

of a unique airfoil KA3 will be conducted using digital wind

tunnel and compared with analytical values.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology


& Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No.20194030202300,

No.20183010025200), and by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2017

R1D1A3B06032145)

O-WE-012

Effects of Offshore Wind Substructure Arrangement

on the Tidal Current Flow Near Gogunsan Islands,

South Korea

Ju-Hyun Hong1, Sung-Soo Park2, Dae-Yong Lee1, Sang-Il Lee1,

and Jang-Ho Lee3,*








64 AFORE 2019

Saemangeum Gogunsan islands are located at the southwest

of Gunsan city and consist of 63 islands. In this study,

effects of offshore wind substructure arrangement on the tidal

current flow near Gogunsan islands are investigated. The

offshore wind substructures total 15 monopile substructures

are assumed to be installed near BangChuk-Do (center lo-

cation of the wind farm : latitude 35.8632, longitude 126.3678).

The three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation

is used for the governing equation and SC/Tetra based on

RANS(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) is used to analyze

the tidal current changes. Deceleration of the tidal current is

observed in some areas behind the substructures.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology


& Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (NO.20194030202300,

NO.201830 10025300 & NO20183010025200)

O-WE-013

Study on Efficiency of Airfoil by BEMT with

DesignFoil Program

Ka-Young Song, and Min-Young Sun*

Department of Mechanical Design Engineering & JBNU

International Offshore Wind Research Institute, JeonBuk National

University, JeonJu, Republic of Korea


This study is carried out design of wind turbine blade airfoil.

When designing a wind turbine, the goal is to attain the

highest possible power output under specified atmospheric

conditions. The problem of determining the optimal shape of

blade as the mathematical description of aerodynamic load

is complex and a number of constraints and objectives have

to be satisfied. The aim of this study develop two type of

airfoil model by direct design method that would enable

optimization of wind turbine blades with regard to a number

of criteria. A mathematical model for fluid dynamics wind

turbine design (based on the blade element momentum

theory) has been implemented and improved. The mathe-

matical simulations have been compared with experimental

data found in the literature. Finally, the model was imple-

mented to optimize rotor performance, especially at low

wind velocities, which is crucial to produce power during

the machine start-up phase.

PV : Photovoltaics

O-PV-I

O-PV-001

BIPV Potential Analysis on Daejeon City Based on

Seed (Solar Energy Estimator for Daejeon)

Hyun-Goo Kim1,*, Je-Hyun Lee2, Chang Ki Kim1,

Chang-Yeol Yun1, and Jung-Tae Lee1






Korean government has recently been trying to increase

solar energy production. In response, local government and

companies have installed many solar photovoltaic (PV)

modules throughout the country, but often without estimation

of power production. This situation required the development

of a reliable platform to estimate power production of PV,

and the Daejeon local government and the Korea Institute of

Energy Research (KIER) have developed a platform based

on the Geographic Information System (GIS) for Daejeon

city. SEED (Solar Energy Estimator for Daejeon), the result

of research cooperation projects between KIER and Daejeon

local government, is designed for citizens and official. Any-

one can use this platform easily and simply. This platform

has an advantage to estimate power production of PV systems

with high accuracy (R2=0.88). KIER’s technology (UASIBS-

KIER algorithm based on satellite) for estimating the solar

irradiance enables accurate estimation of PV production. In

addition, it can estimate more realistic power production and

economic feasibility in urban area, since the shading effect

by the building is considered. Daejeon local government will

continue to operate and maintain the SEED platform, which

is a good example of research cooperation projects. Further-

more, the platform will help Daejeon city where solar

energy supply is lower than other regions.

O-PV-002


O-PV-003

Machine-Leanrning Model for Building-Integrated

Photovoltaic (BIPV) System in Urban Area

Jehyun Lee1, Junho Won2, Chang Ki Kim, Chang-Yeol Yun3,

Dae Hyun Song4, Yong-Heack Kang3, and Hyun-Goo Kim3,*



2Computer Science & Engineering, Chungnam National University,




4NGL Co. Ltd., Goyang, Republic of Korea


A machine-learning based shadow evaluation model was

prepared to estimate the performance of building-integrated

photovoltaic (BIPV) system in urban area, using analysis of

landscape data and simplified geometry of buildings. Pre-

viously this task has been performed by numerical analysis

on accurate 3-dimensional building models, which requires

heavy calculation resources, i.e. 5~7 days for a district of

Seoul on a GIS specialized work station. In order to reduce

the calculation cost, we have chosen only a few input

features from landscape (latitude, longitude, elevation) and

Oral Abstracts 65

buildings (number of floors, building area). Instead, more

than 20 features were extracted to estimate shadow effect

between a target object and surrounding ones. The mathe-

matic equations to determine shadow casting buildings on

the target has derived from diurnal motion of the sun. The

new variables have strong correlation coefficient to the

radiation loss ratio up to 0.48, which is much higher than the

raw ones (max. 0.18). Machine learning models using the

variables yields prediction accuracy of 71%, and the cal-

culation (training + prediction) took only 1 minute, which is

about 8,000 times faster than conventional method.

O-PV-004

Determining Optimal Angle of Photovoltaic Panels in

Urban Area

Jung-Tae Lee, Hyun-Goo Kim*, Yong-Heack Kang,

Chang-Yeol Yun, Chang Ki Kim, Jin-Young Kim, and Bo-Young Kim




The shadows being cast on the rooftop by skyscraper have a

significant impact on the power generation of the photo-

voltaic (PV) system. In an urban area with a high density of

buildings, the shadow-casting is more likely to occur, which

causes low performance of PV installed on the rooftop of

the row house. In particular, downtown areas where apart-

ments are concentrated like Korea, this effect can be more

substantial. The government of South Korea has recently

tried to prompt the PV system many private companies and

ordinary citizens, but the effect of shadows in downtown

might make the PV propagation insignificant. In other

words, it can have a negative effect on the government’s

energy policy. This study concerned about the creative way

to avoid the shadow’s negative effect of high buildings. We

devised a way to increase the power productivity of PV

even with shadows, and we have concluded that optimal PV

angle avoiding shadows can be a novel method. It means

that which orientation and tilting angle could be the best for

PV performance with shadow casting. To realize this method,

the calculation of shadow casting with high resolution is

required as all of the sun’s angles. We calculated optimal

PV angles for each building in downtown of Daejeon city.

As the results, the incident irradiance on optimally tilted

angle increases better than common installation angles

(Orientation: 180 º, Tilting: 30 º)

O-PV-Ⅱ

O-PV-005

Comparison of Model Performance between

UM-LDAPS and GFS Model: Same Day and Day

Ahead Forecasts of Global Horizontal Irradiance

Chang Ki Kim*, Hyun-Goo Kim, Yong-Heack Kang, and

Jinyoung Kim




In Korea, contribution of solar power generation to electricity

grid has been being raised drastically since 2017 when new

government propagated the plan for renewable energy

called “Renewable Energy 3020 Plan”. As the penetration

rate of photovolotaic system into electricity grid increases,

renewable energy management system (REMS) plays an

important role in controlling distribution of electricity into

each grid. REMS is usually made by the power forecast that

is significantly dependent on the weather forecast because

production of solar energy is affected by the weather con-

dition. In the utility scale, same day or day ahead forecast is

required to plan the electricity trade in the market. Therefore

this study will compare the global horizontal irradiance

(GHI) forecast from the Unified Model Local Data Assi-

milation and Prediction System (UM-LDAPS) and Global

Forecast System (GFS) model initialized at 18 UTC every

day from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The root mean

square error of daily total GHI forecasts for the same day are

averaged as 99.5 W m–2 at four ground stations for the

whole year of 2018. In the upcoming conference, we will

present the performance index of both models against the

instantaneous GHI and daily total irradiance measured at

ground station and satellite imagery.

O-PV-006

Analysis of the Two Years Operation of the 10MW PV

Plant in Cold Climatic Conditions Mongolia

Bat-Erdene Bayandelger1,*, and Enebish Namjil2

1Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan

2Laboratory of Advanced Technology, Institute of Physics and



Grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) power plants have become

one of the best alternatives to utilize the untapped potential

of renewable resources of Mongolia at large scale. However,

the performance efficiency and increase reliability of the

operation of PV plant at the cold climatic condition depends

on suitability of PV plant design, quality, reliability of PV

plant components in meeting harsh climatic conditions. In

this paper, two years operation results and performance

analysis of the 1st Mongolian 10MW grid-connected PV

plant are summarized. In order to have real-time monitoring

of the PV plant performance and investigate impact of

climatic conditions (solar irradiance, outdoor temperature)

on the performance of the PV plant, the data of the SCADA

system of the PV plant and weather measurement devices

were used. In this study the results of the real-time moni-

toring of the PV plant performance for period of 2017-2019

were modelled using various data analysis techniques such

regression, filtering, scattering, MATLAB/Simulink and

other software. The results of the study helps to understand

and improve the operational behavior of the PV plant under

cold climatic conditions of Mongolia. The performance

analysis also could help in designing, operating and main-

tenance of new PV plants in the future.

66 AFORE 2019

O-PV-007

Uncertainty Evaluation for Model Based Solar

Irradiation in Korean Peninsula

Boyoung Kim, Chang Ki Kim, Yong-Heack Kang, and

Hyun-Goo Kim*

New & Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea



Uncertainty of solar radiation is used as an important variable

in evaluating the profitability and reliability of solar power

generation. Since 2010, the renewable energy data center

has been producing standard meteorological year data at 22

sites in Korea, with uncertainty from the Guide to the ex-

pression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). Uncertainty

for the currently published 22 points of insolation is esti-

mated from measurement-based insolation. Starting in 2020,

data from an additional 78 locations will be released using

satellite images and model-based solar radiation. At present,

there are two issues in the method of estimating uncertainty

in satellite images and model-based solar radiation. First, it

is not possible to estimate the general type A uncertainty.

Type A uncertainty in the GUM is uncertainty due to

repeated trials. However, the amount of insolation is subject

to change from time to time, the same object does not exist,

it is impossible to repeat the measurement using one mea-

suring device. Second, it is difficult to calculate sensitivity

coefficients for model equations. Models for estimating

solar radiation from satellite images have very complex

mathematical and meteorological equations and apply com-

pletely different equations depending on weather conditions.

Therefore, sensitivity calculation is almost impossible. In

order to solve these issues, this study puts the model into a

black box, calculates the sensitivity coefficient of the model

itself by comparing the measured value with the model

value, and uses it to calculate the uncertainty. This allowed

us to estimate the level of uncertainty acceptable to the

industry while following the GUM’s guidelines.

AcknowledgementsThis work was conducted under framework of the research and

development program of the Korea Institute of Energy Research

(B9-2414).

O-PV-008

Application of the Cloud Index Obtaind from Satellite

Images for Deriving Global Horizontal Irradiance

Pranda Mulya Putra, and Hyunjin Lee*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University,


*corresponding author ([email protected]), presenting author ([email protected]

Visible images from geostationary satellites are useful for

investigating solar radiation, especially at locations where

ground measurement is not available. Hence, it is important

to convert satellite images into solar radiation data. Global

horizontal irradiance (GHI) is the most important data to

determine the energy generation potential of solar photo-

voltaic (PV) plants. In this study, we applied a statistical

method for deriving GHI from brightness of pixel image. A

1-year period of imagery data from COMS (Communication,

Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) visible sensor, whose

spatial resolution is 1x1 km2, was used as the main input.

First, we determined a location of interest and selected its

pixel count. After considering air mass effect and backscatter

effect, we derived cloud index, which is independent of sun/

satellite-geometry. Based on the cloud index and clear-sky

solar irradiance, we estimated GHI. We validated the esti-

mated data by comparing with ground measurement data.

O-PV-009

Development of Photovoltaic Capacity Factor Map in

Korea

Chang Yeol Yun1, Chang Ki Kim1, Jin Young Kim1, Bo Young Kim1,

Jung Tae Lee1, Shin Young Kim1, Hyun Goo Kim1,

Young Heack Kang1, and Yong Il Kim2,*

1New & Renewable Energy Resource and Policy Center, Kore


2Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National



Because the performance of each photovoltaic facility is

different, we should apply solar radiation data and performance

indicators for each device at the same time to estimate PV

energy production. However, in the field, due to the con-

venience of calculation, the approximate capacity factor

without considering the amount of solar irradiation in the

area is used. Since the amount of solar irradiation is very

different depending on the time and region, even the capacity

factor of the same device is also very different depending on

the application environment. Therefore, it is dangerous to

use a single figure for all time points and regions. KIER

(Korea Institute of Energy Research) is producing solar

irradiation maps in Korea. We developed the PV capacity

factor map based on the KIER solar maps for reference.

This is the result of assuming a standard facility, focusing

on the change of capacity factor according to the change of

solar irradiation. Unlike the other general solar radiation

maps, it is necessary to calibrate the data according to the

characteristics of each device in order to apply it to actual

facilities.

AcknowledgementThis work was conducted under framework of the research and

development program of Korea Institute of Energy Research(B9-

2414).

Oral Abstracts 67

PN : Policy, Strategy&New Business

O-PN-001


O-PN-002

Technology Forecasting using Patent Data in the Field

of Floatovoltaics

Gooyong Lee*, Mina Lee, and Sang Jin Oh


Republic of Korea


Floating Photovoltaic Systems, as known as floatovoltaics,

are emerging technology applications in the fields of solar

power generation systems and water management systems.

Due to the merits that floatovoltaics can be directly sited on

water surface, the floatovoltaics systems are highly effective

in areas with insufficient land area. Furthermore, floatovol-

taics can provide electrical power to mobile water treatment

system, so it is often applied to lakes with eutrophication.

Currently, global patents about floatovoltaics are rapidly

increased. In this study, worldwide patents about floato-

voltaics were collected and analyzed using text-mining tech-

nique, and future technology trends are forecasted using

Bass model and Gomperz model. Through this proposed

research process, the key technologies and comparison of

forecasting models are deeply discussed.

O-PN-003

Analysis of the Impact on the Energy and GHG

Emissions of Electrification of Cooking Method in

Korea

Hyunji Im, and Yunsoung Kim*

Green Energy Strategy Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea


The objective of this study is to analyze the impact on the

energy and GHG emissions in the building sector according

to the electrification of cooking method in Korea. Annual

household cooking energy consumption is compared bet-

ween Nowon EZ House, which is the first zero energy house

complex using induction stove and gas-cooked sample house-

holds. As a result, the average electricity cooking house-

hold consumes less calories (2.2 times difference) and emits

less GHG emissions (2.6 times difference) than average gas

cooking household. Furthermore, the scenario analysis for

the whole country is conducted by combining the share of

electric cooking households with the power generation mix

in 2030. In the 2030 policy scenario, if electricity cooking

share accounts for 20%, cooking-related GHG emissions is

expected to be about 3.79 million tCO2/y, which is 3.8%

(150,000 tCO2/y) lower than the present, despite the increase

in the total population. In other words, the expansion of the

electric cooking share would not only reduce the energy

demand of the building sector, but also reduce GHG emi-

ssions in synergy with decarbonization of the power ge-

neration sector in Korea.

O-PN-004

A Study on Technology Forecasting of Hydrogen

Using Patent Data

Mina Lee, Chul-Ho Park, and Gooyong Lee*

Department of Policy Research, Green Technology Center, Seoul,

Republic of Korea


The purpose of this study is to derive promising technologies

and suggest implications in the field of hydrogen tech-

nology. Hydrogen-related codes of patents are selected from

Cooperative Patent Classification(CPC) codes, and informa-

tion on hydrogen-related patent publication in Patent Coo-

peration Treaty(PCT) between 1980 and 2019 is acquired

using Wipson patent database service. The summary section

of the patent information is used for Latent Dirichlet Allo-

cation(LDA) of topic analysis on the discovery of detailed

hydrogen technology. LDA analysis is one of the text

mining techniques and a probability model of what subjects

exist in each document for a given document. A prepro-

cessing such as deleting specific words, removing special

characters, changing lowercase letters, etc. is performed in

order to perform the topic analysis. Hydrogen detailed tech-

nology was derived by LDA analysis with a K-value of 10.

The growth curves for each detailed technology are drawn,

and the hydrogen detailed technologies in the growth period

are considered a promising technology.


O-HF-001

Utilization of Microporous Carbon Material

Originated from Nanocellulose and Coconut Shell as

Catalytic Support for Methanol Steam Reforming

Corwin Rudly1,2, Soo Hyun Kim1, and Ji Ho Yoo1,*



2Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea University of

Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Microporous materials such as activated carbon (AC) are

advantageous as catalyst supports because of high BET

surface area (good metal dispersion), adjustable pore struc-

ture, less metal-support interaction (thus effective active

metal-promoter interaction), and recyclable nature. ACs

were prepared in various activation conditions using nano-

celluloses (NC) and coconut shells as raw materials. A bio-

derived sustainable polymer called nanocellulose consists of

nanoscale fibers with 10 – 100 nm diameter and 50 – 3000

nm length. Therefore, the pores can be more effectively

formed with controlled pore structure. In this study, the

activated carbons made from NCs were tested as catalyst

supports for methanol steam reforming (MSR). This result is

68 AFORE 2019

compared with that of ACs made from conventional raw

material (coconut shells). The correlation between catalytic

performance and the pore structure was then discussed. AC-

supported nickel catalyst produced in this study facilitated

the reaction to achieve high value on both hydrogen yield

and carbon conversion. Various analytical works (e.g. Scan-

ning Electron Microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis,

and Transmission Electron Microscopy) have also been done

to support this study.

O-HF-002

A study on PEFC with Self-Humidification Using

Metal Foam in Dead Ended Operation

Myo-Eun Kim1,2, and Young-Jun Sohn1,2,*

1Advanced Energy & System Engineering, University of Science and


2Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research,



In PEFC perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is generally used.

This type of membranes presents good performance on tem-

perature of below 80 and high relative humidity, but on

the temperature of above 100 and low relative humidity

shows rapid performance degradation. PEFC systems com-

monly use external humidifiers to meet suitable operating

conditions. However if fuel cell can be operated by self-

humidification, system volume, cost and parasitic power can

be reduced. The purpose of study is to identify feasibility of

self-humidification without external humidifiers. Dead ended

operation is conducted many studies because of its high fuel

efficiency. It is generally known that dead ended operation

needs water management to prevent excessing water. How-

ever, in another viewpoint, it can be expected that dead

ended operation can provide beneficial effects on self-

humidification with adequate water management. In addition,

it has been reported that when metal foams are used as flow

fields, due to its high-porous structure distribution of reactants

is uniform and advantageous for water management. There-

fore, this study has conducted experimental study to confirm

the effects of metal foam and dead ended operation on

self-humidification. In result, it was confirmed feasibility of

performance improvement of fuel cells with metal foam

compared to conventional channel.

O-HF-003

CFD Analysis for Prediction of Flame Behavior and

Hydrogen Gas Explosion

Ho Seong Yang1, and Young Ho Lee2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Pusan, Republic

of Korea

2Division of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Pusan, Republic of

Korea


In this paper, a comparison validation study about explosion

test and numerical analysis in vented experimental space

were performed to investigate the accuracy of explosion

analysis using CFX, which is a numerical analysis program.

The purpose of this study was to derive suitable ignition

energy and turbulence velocity values to derive simulation

results similar to the experiment. The specifications of the

experimental space used in the experiment were 4.0 by 4.0

by 3.0 m and were performed by FM Global, the simulation

accuracy was determined by comparing the experimental

values obtained from the pressure sensor installed inside

when the explosion occurred. Before igniting in the center

of the experimental space, the inside was filled with

hydrogen-air mixture gas with 18% volume ratio, and fans

were installed inside to mix the mixture evenly. The simula-

tion results were compared with the pressure fluctuation

results to the first maximum pressure value measured inter-

nally after explosion. The results of the explosion were very

consistent with the numerical analysis result that set the

ignition energy and turbulence velocity of 140J at 0.83m/s,

and it was determined that the explosion phenomenon can

be predicted with great accuracy using CFX. However, to

apply the numerical analysis for a surely explosion safety

assessment, it is required additional verification work like

comparing various combustion models and numerical analysis

programs with explosive experiments in various cases.


O-WU-001

Production of Petrochemical via Fast Pyrolysis of Low

Density Polyethylene

Quynh Van Nguyen1,2, Yeon Seok Choi1,2,*, Sang Kyu Choi1,2, and

Yong Su Kwon1,2

1Department of Environmental System, Korea Institute of Machinery

and Materials, Daejeon, Republic of Korea



Republic of Korea


Fast pyrolysis of waste plastics have been proposed as a

recycling route where the waste plastics are reprocessed to

produce basic petrochemicals which can be used as feed-

stock to make virgin plastic or liquid fuels. Among that

waste, low density polyethylene (LDPE) is the largest volume

synthetic polymer which is used to make many types of

container, medical and laboratory equipment, computer com-

ponents and packaging. Recycling initiatives are in place in

many parts of the world, but much of the polyethylene waste

ends up in landfill, dispersed in the environment or in the

sea. In this study, LDPE was pyrolyzed in bubbling flui-

dized bed reactor at temperature of 450-500oC. Its products

were oil, wax, and non-condensable gases. Analysis of the

oil and wax showed that pyrolysis of LDPE gave a mainly

aliphatic composition consisting of series alkanes and alkenes

which makes them very similar to conventional petrochemical

fuels chemically. Because of that the oil and wax product

have a great potential to be utilized as a petrochemicals for

the production of new plastics or production of liquid fuels.

Oral Abstracts 69

O-WU-002

Comparison of the Mass Balance of Full-Scale

Biogasification Facilities According to Different

Anaerobic Digestion Method in Korea

Jun Hwa Kwon, Hee Sung Moon, Won Seok Lee, Sun Kyung Shin,

and Dong Jin Lee*




Biogasification by Anaerobic digestion is a technology to

produce biogas containing more than 60% of CH4 using

organic waste and a waste treatment method used not only

for food waste but also for sewage sludge and livestock

manure. Due to the prohibition of direct landfilling and

marine dumping of organic wastes from 2005 and 2013,

biogasification is considered to be an important method for

treating organic wastes. In particular, there has been a

worldwide outbreak of African swine fever in recent years,

and it has also spread to China and North Korea. Therefore,

anaerobic digestion has been attracting much attention for

the treatment of food wastes used as pig feed. In this study,

the full-scale anaerobic digestion facilities actually operated

in Korea were targeted for comparing the difference

according to the digestion method using mass balance. A

dry digester for the treatment of solid wastes and a wet

digester for the treatment of liquid wastes were compared.

Also, a comparison was performed between facilities with

single structure digester and combined dry and wet facilities.

Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the

operation efficiency of Korea’s biogasification facilities will

be verified. And therefore, the results can also be used as a

basis for more effective treatment of domestic organic

wastes.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of

Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment

(MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIER-2019-01-01-045).

O-WU-003

Heat Charging and Discharging Characteristics of

Thermal Energy Storage System Using Phase Change

Material

Dong Kyoo Park1, Dong-Ju Kim1, Bup-Mook Jeong1,

Jae-Hoi Gu1,*, and Dong-Cheol Kim2

1Plant Engineering Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering,

Republic of Korea

2HLB Life Science, Republic of Korea


The increases in costs of fuel and power generation are

causing a growing interest in the unused waste heat generated

by power plants and industries. However, the existing

technologies for recovery and utilization of the waste heat at

low temperature below 300 are limited, and the waste heat

is mostly disposed. In this study, thermal energy storage

(TES) system, consist of heat storage modules packed by

organic phase change material (PCM), was developed. As

the phase change temperature of the PCM is 68~70, it can

store the low temperature waste heat. Low-pressure steam

modeling the low temperature heat source was used as a

heat transfer fluid (HTF) for a heat charging process, and

supplied at a constant pressure. Thermochemical charac-

teristics of heat charging and discharging of the PCM such

as temperature distribution of the PCM, heat transfer rate,

and totally transferred thermal energy are investigated.

Finally, overall thermal efficiency is higher than 80%.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Energy Efficiency & Resources of

the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning


Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (No.20162010104620).


O-SH-001



Jungwan Park*, and Jin Woo Yang


Korea


In high head pumped turbine configured in two stages, the

vibration is critical to the safety of the power plant as well

as the durability of the mechanical facilities in it. The

turbine investigated in this study has some specialties; the

shaft is very long and goes through the draft tube. This

configuration makes the flow inside draft tube complex,

which creats pressure pulsations in it and possibly vibration.

The runner and the guide vane play as rotor and stator and

the limited number of blade and vane for them makes some

relationship into RSI vibration. We investigated the RSI and

some other vibrations in experimental study and found that

the vibration related to RSI has more vertical effect on the

system so that it mainly affects the thrust bearing. The shear

force on the wall of discharge ring due to abnormal shape of

the draft tube can be possible excitation force for the unique

vibration in the draft tube.

O-SH-002

Numerical Analysis and Design Optimization of the

Spiral Casing Configuration

Ujjwal Shrestha1, and Young-Do Choi2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mokpo National


2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of New and

Renewable Energy Technology Research, Mokpo National


*corresponding author ([email protected] )

70 AFORE 2019

A spiral casing is an important component of Francis hydro

turbine for the even distribution of kinetic energy along stay

vane and guide vane. The fluid flow around the runner is

dependent on the flow condition of spiral casing. The shape

of the casing plays an important for the proper flow dis-

tribution in the casing. In this study, the optimization of

shape of spiral casing is based on the steady state flow

analysis. The numerical optimization has been performed

by using response surface methodology (RSM) and multi-

objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The flow uniformity,

head loss and pressure loss in the spiral casing are selected

as objectives for the optimal design of spiral casing. The

optimal design has been selected from the solution of acquired

by RSM and MOGA. Finally, the flow characteristics in the

initial and optimal design of spiral casing have been com-

pared. It is shown that the flow condition in the optimal

design has been improved significantly with optimal design

of spiral casing. Moreover, the inlet condition for the stay

vane has been improved with optimal design of spiral casing.

O-SH-003

Parametric Study on the Influence of Inlet and Outlet

Pipe Geometry on the Pulsating Flow Characteristics

of a Positive Displacement Hydraulic Turbine

Arihant Sonawat1,2, Hyeon-Mo Yang2, Young-Seok Choi1,2,

Kyung Min Kim3, and Jin-Hyuk Kim1,2,*

1Green Process and Energy System Engineering, Korea University

of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Thermal & Fluid Systems R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial

Technology, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea

3Frontier Research & Training Institute, Korea District Heating

Corporation, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


It is well evident that the geometric parameters influence the

performance of all turbomachinery. The primary objective

of the present study was to analyze the effect of the inlet and

outlet pipe geometry on the performance of Positive dis-

placement turbine (PDT) using unsteady Computational

Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. The motive behind this

study was to reduce the flow pulsations and increase the

overall performance of the PDT. Initially a circular pipe was

used for transporting the working fluid to the turbine rotors

and later the effects on rectangular shaped pipe and

converging and diverging pipe shapes were also checked. A

parametric study was performed to find the location and

dimensions of the convergent and divergent shape in the

pipe. It was observed that the convergent and divergent

shaped pipe further reduced the initial flow pulsations and

increased the hydraulic efficiency by 0.83% compared to the

circular shaped pipe. This was due to the fact that the flow

was well aligned and guided towards the rotors from the

convergent and divergent shaped pipe and hence lesser

energy transformation and leakage losses.


O-ESS/SG&MG-001

Regional Ramp Analysis of Photovoltaic and Wind

Power in the Republic of Korea

Shin Young Kim1,2, Bo Young Kim1, Chang Ki Kim1,

Chang Yeol Yun1, Yong Heack Kang1, Gil Soo Jang2, and

Hyun-Goo Kim1,*

1New and Renewable Energy Resource and Policy Center, Korea


2School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul,

Republic of Korea


If the proportion of renewable energy is increased to 30-

35% by 2040 by the Third Basic Energy Plan and photo-

voltaics and wind account for more than 30% of total energy

resources, the demand for flexible requirements will be

increased strongly. In this paper, in order to know the

regional characteristics of photovoltaic and wind power

ramps in Korea, we analyze the ramp using 1 hour power

generation data. In order to find out the distribution charac-

teristics of the ramp, basic statistical analysis was performed

on 1,528 photovoltaic power plants and 96 wind farms, and

normality test for the ramp were conducted. Anderson-

Darling test and likelihood ratio test were performed to

identify a suitable distribution based on the statistical value

and p value of the distribution. As a result, the largest area

of the ramp was Jeju Island, where the annual average ramp

ratio was about 7-10%. In addition, the most suitable

distribution for the ramp was logistic distribution. The ramp

results in this study are expected to be useful for evaluating

the characteristics and economics of domestic photovoltaic

and wind power generation as well as the backup facility

capacity and reserve power estimation.

AcknowledgementsThis work was conducted under framework of the research and

development program of the Korea Institute of Energy Research

(B9-2414).

O-ESS/SG&MG-002



O-E&LCT-001

Reforming CO2-Containing Biogas by Electric-Field

Assisted Catalytic Reactor for the Synthesis Gas

Production

Jung-Il Yang1,*, Ji Chan Park1, Tae Sung Jung1, Shin Wook Kang1,

and Su Ha2



2Violand School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering,

Washington State University, Pullman, WA

Oral Abstracts 71


Because of inevitable end of fossil oil and gas, climate

change, and increased utilization of technology, biogas

industry will grow in the near future. Furthermore, the biogas

industry is much needed in Korea to protect it from wastes

and to address its shortage of fossil fuels. In Germany, to

date only 7 % of the biogas plants are feeding the biogas

directly in the existing natural gas network. Therefore,

current bottleneck of improved biogas utilization is the cost

of upgrade technologies. It has been reported that the ratio

of the upgrading cost to the total cost for biomethane

production reached to almost 70 %. That is, the upgrading

technology for the removal of CO2 is considered to be very

expensive process. In this research, in order to reduce the

process cost of separating CO2 from biogas and the CO2

emission for its upgrading process, we will develop a new

Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technology that can

utilize both CH4 and CO2 (main components of biogas).

O-E&LCT-002


O-E&LCT-003

Combination of Reformer and Direct-Fired

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle

Tuananh Bui1, Young Duk Lee1,2,*, Do Won Kang2,

Kook Young Ahn1,2, Young Sang Kim2, Sangmin Lee3, and

Sung Ho Chang3



Republic of Korea

2Clean Fuel and Power Generation Center, Korea Institute of


3Clean Power Generation Laboratory, Korea Electric Power

Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycle

has been received much attention thanks to its very high

efficiency, system compactness, and the potential application

to carbon capture and storage. In order to get higher

efficiency, compared to that of a conventional gas turbine

combined cycle, the direct-fired sCO2 cycle should operate

at higher turbine inlet temperature condition, e.g., 1300°C.

Consequently, the turbine exit temperature is also high,

approximately 1000°C, raising economic issues in selecting

material for recuperator. To decrease the operating tempera-

ture of the recuperator, e.g., 750°C, a reformer is introduced

into the power cycle, at the location between turbine and

recuperator. Through this integration, high temperature heat

can be utilized to form hydrogen-rich syngas. This syngas is

supplied back to the combustor, and/or pure hydrogen can

be produced after being purified. This paper investigates the

effect of reformer on electrical efficiency, exergy efficiency,

and overall efficiency, by varying the turbine inlet tempera-

ture, reforming pressure as well as the type of reformer.

Exergy analysis is also carried out, identifying the thermo-

dynamic losses within the cycle. As a tool for the system

modeling and simulation, the EBSILONProfessional is used;

NIST Refprop property method is selected to calculate pro-

perties at supercritical condition.

AcknowledgementsThis work has been financially supported by Korea Electric Power

Corporation and KEPCO Research Institute. Authors would like to

thank them for the opportunity to publish this work.

Poster AbstractsBE : Bioenergy 75

E&LCT : Environment&Low Carbon Technology 77

ESS/SG&MG : Energy Storage System / Smart Grid&Micro Grid 80

GE : Geothermal Energy 80

HF : Hydrogen&Fuel Cell 81

ME : Marine Energy 88

PV : Photovoltaics 88

PN : Policy Strategy&New Business 99

SH : Small Hydro Power 102

ST : Solar Thermal 102

WU : Wasted Energy&Utilization 103

WE : Wind Energy 107

Poster Abstracts 75

BE : Bioenergy

P-BE-001 001

Biomass Gasification in High-Speed Flow Reactor

Jong-Pil Kim1,*, Gyeong-Min Kim2, and Chung-Hwan Jeon2

1Robot Technology Researcher Center, Busan National University,


2School of Mechanical Engineering, Busan National University,



This study investigated biomass gasification through high- speed flow. Gasification experiments were conducted by inducing collision between particles in a lab scale reactor equipped with a high-speed flow control device capable of generating a flow rate up to 20 m/s. The commercial Barra-cuda-CPFD (computational particle-fluid dynamics) software was used to simulate the reactor’s behavior. Kenaf biomass, a representative grass-type biomass capable of annual pro-duction, was used as the fuel in the reactor. Kenaf is com-posed of 10.23 wt.% moisture, 66.65 wt.% volatile matter, 4.84 wt.% fixed carbon and 4.83 wt.% ash. Simulations and experimental results of particle fraction and particle velocity in the reactor showed that the momentum was different according to the change of flow velocity (5 m/s, 10 m/s, 20 m/s, etc.) and these affected the gasification characteristics.

P-BE-002 002

Reutealis Trisperma Oil Esterification: Optimization

and Kinetic Study

Riky1,2, Deog-Keun Kim2,*, and Jin-Suk Lee3

1Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and


2Biomass and Waste to Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of

Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

3Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy

Research, Gwangju, Republic of Korea


Reutealis trisperma is an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production as it contains eleostearic acid which is known as toxic substances for human. Thus there is no competition with food industry. The feedstock used in this study origi-nated from Indonesia and has high acid value content of 30.6 mg KOH/g oil. The esterification reaction was catalyzed with ion exchange resin Lewatit K2640 in a batch reactor for 3 h. The standard conditions for esterification process are 65°C, 1:3 oil to methanol molar ratio and 10wt% catalyst loading. The optimization process is conducted with model oil (oleic acid in soybean oil) by varying temperature, me-thanol to oil molar ratio, and catalyst loading by incorporating Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology. Preliminary studies showed good agreement between model oil and feedstock. The kinetic study was performed by adapting a pseudo-homogeneous second order reaction.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology

Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government

(MOTIE) - Project No. 20178520091280.

P-BE-003 003

Petroleum-Replacing Biofuels from Inedible

Lignocellulose

Dong Jin Suh1,*, Wonjun Choi1,2, Hyemin Yang1,2,

Jae-Wook Choi1, Jungkyu Choi2, and Jeong-Myeong Ha1

1Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and

Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea



Petroleum-based liquid fuels, hydrocarbons of high energy density, are required to replace with sustainable ones because of the global warming issues and the possible depletion of fossil fuels. Biomass is one of the most promising carbon- based sources for producing petroleum-like liquid fuels. While the edible feedstocks including sugarcane and lipids have been used to produce bioalcohols and biodiesel fuels, the inedible sources including woods and herbaceous plants, or lignocellulose, must be better for fuels. Sugars, prepared from fractionation of lignocellulose, can be more easily used for producing biofuels, but require the pretreatment processes to obtain sugar feedstocks and leave the wastes of non-sugar carbon sources. Thermolysis including pyrolysis and lique-faction is a useful method to utilize whole carbon sources without fractioning sugars. In spite of producing carbon-rich oils by thermolysis, the catalytic upgrading of thermolysis oils to petroleum-grade fuels is required. We designed the hydrodeoxygenation catalysts and the feasible process using the prepared catalysts. The deoxygenated hydrocarbon fuels was successfully produced and the stability of hydrodeoxy-genation processes was observed.

P-BE-004 004

A Study on Synthesis of High Concentrate Methane

from Biogas Methanation over 20% Ni-Mg-Al2O3

Catalyst



Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea


Excessive use of fossil fuel uses have a negative impact on climate change and are showing worldwide interest in replacing them with renewable energy sources. The inter-mittent production of renewable energy has overcome the unstable supply problem with battery power storage but remains a problem due to the limitations of battery tech-nology such as cost, life, and storage capacity. Recently, systems that utilize electricity produced from renewable energy to produce hydrogen from water electrolytes or, if necessary, in conjunction with fuel cells are drawing atten-

76 AFORE 2019

tion. In addition, Power to Gas technology, which produces methane from the reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide and links it to the gas network, has been proposed as an promising technology. Power to Gas technology is highly flexible to demand control as it can be used by utilizing renewable energy, processing carbon dioxide, and producing methane.The purpose of this study is to increase CH4 concentration through the CO2 methanation reaction in biogas to make extensive use of biogas. CO2 methanation experiments were carried out on various biogas with appropriate CH4 and CO2 composition ratios over 20% Ni-Mg-Al2O3 catalyst. The effects on the CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity with the amount of CH4, N2 and H2O were tested under the conditions of CO2/H2 ratio of 1: 4 and space velocity of 26,500/hr.

P-BE-005 005

Effects of O2 and CO2 as Oxidizing Agnet on Syngas

(or Hydrogen) Production from Biogas



Suwon, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea


Natural gas reforming is the most widely used technology for hydrogen production through syngas. However, in long term, hydrogen must be produced from renewable sources, and a biogas is one of the promising renewable sources for hydrogen production. Biogas consists mainly of 55–65% of methane(CH4), and 30–45% of carbon dioxide(CO2). Biogas reforming is a useful technique for producing high value- added chemical feed stocks and fuels using greenhouse gases of CO2 and CH4. In this study, a simulation was performed to measure the conversion rate of CH4 and CO2 and the H2/CO yield with ratios of CO2/CH4 (namely, 0.5, 1 and 2). Simulation results show that the optimum condition of the CO2/CH4 ratio is 0.5, and thus the biogas reforming experiment over the 3wt% Ni/Ce-MgO-ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst was performed under these conditions by adding O2. CH4 and CO2 conversion and syngas yield were evaluated by varying the value of R[= (CO2+O2)/CH4] on the effect of CO2 and O2 as a oxidant of CH4. In addition, steam was added to the biogas reforming to carry out its effect on CO2 and CH4 conversion. The experiment was carried out on the durability and activity of the 200-hour catalyst under the optimal conditions of R=0.7 and 850°C and 1 atmosphere.

P-BE-006 006

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Organosolv Lignin

from Herbaceous Biomass : The Influence of

Temperature

Hye Won Kim1, Ga Hee Kim2, and Byung Hwan Um2,*

1Bioenergy Research, GRI Co., Ltd, Anseong, Republic of Korea

2Department of Chemical engineering, Hankyong National

University, Anseong, Republic of Korea


The potential of various lignins obtainable in Korea for bio-fuel applications was assessed at characteristic analysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process. The lignin were then characterized by FT-IR, 31P NMR and sugar analysis. FTIR and 31P NMR of lignins showed hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units. The HTL of lignins in the presence of EtOH was studied as function of temperature (280–350 °C) at residence times of 30 min in 1L batch re-actor. Bio-oil was analyzed by high calorie value, and ele-mental composition etc. The influence of the feedstock bet-ween various lignins on the yield and composition was investigated. The results show that bio-oil, water-soluble organics (WSO), char and gas yields were influenced by the feedstock and the reaction temperature, affect the products obtained differently.

P-BE-007 007

A Study on the Tar Reduction of Syngas in Bio-Oil

Gasification Process

Jae Gyu Hwang, Dong Hyuk Choi, Seong Wan Hong,

Seung Hyeon Hong, and Hang Seok Choi*




To prepare for the depletion of fossil fuels and global warming, various new and renewable energies were studied by researchers. Among these renewable energies, bio-energy using biomass as the raw material of renewable energy is considered to be most promising. In the bio-gasification process, raw biomass and bio-oil from the fast pyrolysis of biomass can be used as samples. From the gasification, syngas which has higher heating value(HHV) higher than air can be obtained. And after a suitable processes, syngas can be applied to produce the high quality synthetic fuel. Bio-oil gasification is economically more advantageous than biomass gasification. Also, the biocrude-oil gasification technology is capable of producing high quality syngas because of low tar concentration in syngas and high yield of hydrogen and carbon monoxide compared with biomass gasification technology. Furthermore, biocrude-oil gasification can reduce the size of the process and the production cost by constructing the system with a relatively simple post - purification process. For these reasons, in the present study, the gasification of pyrolysis oil in a downdraft and fixed gasifier was performed. To compare the syngas charactersitics, reaction temperature and catalyst were changed. From the results, the optimal condition for producing high quality syngas was derived.

AcknowledgeThis study was carried out with the support of ´R&D Program for

Forest Science Technology (Project No. “2017052C10-1919-BB02”)

provided by Korea Forest Service(Korea Forestry Promotion Institute).

And this work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy

Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of

Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No.

20184030202240).

Poster Abstracts 77

P-BE-008 008

Water Recycling of Microalgal Cultivations for

Sustainable Biodiesel Production

Sungjun An, Nakyeong Lee, Mikyoung Jung, Young-Eun Kim,

Myeonghwa Park, and You-Kwan Oh*

School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Busan National



According to water-dependent culture characteristics, photo-synthetic microalgal cultivation for biodiesel production purpose requires much more water than energy crops. In this study, effects of water recycling on cell growth and lipid production of Chlorella sp. KR-1 during repeated photo-bioreactor batch cultures were investigated. For effective algal biomass production, all the nutrients in N8 medium were added to the spent media after batch cultivations. Recycling the water up to 2 times showed cell growths similar to that of the initial culture, but additional water reuse resulted in a slight decrease in the growth rate and final cell density. After water recycling for the first time, bacteria population and dissolved organic matter (DOM) significantly increased about 1.5 and 2 times compared to the initial culture, after which, they showed similar densities regardless of water reuse. Interestingly, algal cultures showed a stable lipid production performance (290±23 mg fatty acid methyl ester[FAME]/g cell) regardless of water recycling. Additional water recycling experiments are in progress.

P-BE-009 009

Bioelectrochemical Acetate Production from Carbon

Dioxide: Microbial Dynamics and Electron Mediator

Junhyung Kim1, Young-Eun Kim1, Young Eun Song1, Eunhee Seol1,

Soo Youn Lee2, Jung Rae Kim1, and You-Kwan Oh1,*

1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Busan National


2Gwangju Bioenergy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy

Research (KIER), Gwangju, Republic of Korea


In this study, bioelectrochemical system (BES) was investi-gated to convert CO2 into acetate using a microbial community as a biocatalyst. BES showed stable acetate production performance after 90 d operation at -1.1 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with a sludge inoculum. Electroactive microbial community was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. Sixteen (16) distinct bands were detected, purified, sequenced and identified by 16S rRNA gene-fragment analysis. Arcobacter butzleri, Acetobacterium wieringae, Sporomusa sphaeroides, Oscillospira guilliermondii and Lentimicrobium saccharophilum were indicated as dominant microorganisms based on the strong band intensities. These microorganisms have been reported to have autotrophic metabolism and/or isolated under bioelectrochemical condi-tions elsewhere. To enhance acetate production from CO2, effect of methyl viologen (MV) as an external electron

mediator was also investigated in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mM. The optimal MV concentration was 0.05 mM and maximal acetate productivity and Coulombic efficiency were estimated to be 0.2 mmol/L/h and 42%, respectively. Further optimization including voltage is in progress.


P-E&LC-001 010

Application of Microbubble/Catalyst System for

High-Concentration Livestock Wastewater Reuse and

Pollutant Removal

Donggwan Lee, Yee Paek, Jin Kyung Kwon, and Jae Kyung Jang*




The purpose of this study is to develop a microbubble/ catalyst system to obtain agricultural water quality that can be reused by removing pollutants contained in livestock wastewater with by turbidity, organic pollutants, nitrogen, and antibiotics. To prove the advanced effect of system, three domestic livestock wastewater treatment facilities were selected. The initial characteristics (organic pollutants, Anti-biotics) were analyzed by sampling raw livestock waste-water and liquid fertilizer. The concentration range of COD, TSS, and NH3-N was 7,000~11,300 mg/L, 3,000~11,000 mg/L and 790~2,910 mg/L, respectively in raw wastewater and 3,000~6,000 mg/L, 2,000~3,000 mg/L, and 1,250~2,900 mg/L in liquid fertilizer. Three antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Chlortetracycline, Florfenicol, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) with high persistence and consumption were selected to improve decomposition ability. The concentration range of antibiotics was 30~55 µm/L (Amoxicillin), 4~200 µm/L (Chlortetracy-cline), N.D. (Florfenicol), respectively in raw wastewater. The initial characteristics of wastewater were different for each local livestock wastewater treatment plant. Experiments were carried out using a liquid fertilizer through aerobic biological reactor having an average concentration value. When the microbubble was applied at the livestock waste-water treatment system, COD, TSS, and NH3-N removal efficiencies were 78.30%, 89.05% and 54.69%, respectively. In order to maximize the removal efficiency, microbubble and catalyst system were fused to the laboratory scale and the effect of sludge and organic pollutants was reduced.

AcknowledgementThis study was carried out with the support of “Research Program

for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (Project No.

PJ01427501)”, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural

Development Administration, Korea.

P-E&LC-002 011

Non-Catalytic Reduction of N2O with C3H8 in

Oxy-CFBC

Min-Kyu Jeon, Young-Kon Choi, Chung-Kyu Lee, Sang-In Keel,

and Jin-Han Yun*

78 AFORE 2019

Korea Dept. of environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of



As a next-generation thermal power generation technology, Oxy-fuel Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (Oxy-CFBC) has advantages such as high concentration CO2 separation from flue gas, supercritical power generation, and reduction of NOx formation. N2O can be produced during Oxy-CFBC, and it has a global warming potential (GWP) of 310 times that of CO2. In previous study, it is known that N2O can be formed as by-products via the reaction on coal surface in the combustion chamber and the reduction process of NOx to N2 in CFBC. During the reduction process, the N2O formation was affected by the reaction temperature, type and amount of reducing agent in SNCR. This study discuss about non- catalytic reduction for N2O in Oxy-CFBC. First, N2O thermal decomposition is introduced in order to understand its pyrolysis characteristics with the variables of residence time and temperature in the tubular reactor. The reaction initiated at 1000K, and most reaction was completed at 1400K. A second, non-catalytic reduction characteristic with a reducing agent is explained. Within the same temperature, the effi-ciency of N2O decomposition was varied depending on the injection amount of the reducing agent. Therefore, this research helps to understand the characteristics of pyrolysis and non-catalytic reduction for N2O and to develop practical technology on N2O decomposition.

P-E&LC-003 012

Characteristics Research of de-NOX in Oxy-Fuel

Combustion for the Application of Power Generation

Facilities

Young-Kon Choi, Min-Kyu Jeon, Chung-Kyu Lee, Sang-In Keel,

and Jin-Han Yun*

Korea Dept. of environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of



Currently, global warming is proceeding with severe level. Generally, it is known that about 25% of GHGs are generated in the power generation sector. Therefore, today’s power generation industry is making an effort to develop greenhouse gas and pollutant control technology beyond merely energy supply. Since, it is urgent to develop appli-cable GHG reduction technologies, it is highly dependent on coal-fired power generation. As a result, carbon dioxide capture and storage technology, which is easy to apply to coal-fired power generation, uses pure oxygen as a com-bustion oxidant instead of the air to reduce the generation of thermal NOx due to N2 in air Oxy-fuel Combustion has been actively studied. Thus, the purpose of this study is to opti-mize the thermal power generation and renewable energy environment facilities and improve the performance. In this study, the reduction characteristics of NOx were obtained by applying the optimized de-NOx technique in an Oxy-CFBC system. Selective non - catalytic reduction (SNCR) was applied to the furnace denitrification technique and Urea (40 wt. % in H2O) was used as the reducing agent. As an experi-

mental parameters, the injection methods of oxidizing agent and the change of NSR (NH3 / NO) were applied.

P-E&LC-004 013

Design of a Reactor of Gas Scrubber based on

Similitude Theory





With a significant advance in a semiconductor industry, lots of interests have been concentrated on after-treatment system that purify waste gases produced from semiconductor fabri-cation process. Various gas scrubbers are being used to purify the waste gases from the processes. An efficient design of the pyrolysis reactor is essential in a scrubber system due to the overall operation stability and destruction & removal efficiency (DRE). In the present study, the thermal and flow characteristics in the reactor were analyzed through experiments and numerical analysis using a small- scale model of simplified pyrolysis reactor. In addition, a prototype model of pyrolysis reactor was designed through analysis result of small-scale model based on the similitude law. The results of this study can be used as basic data for analyzing thermal and flow characteristics in a variety of scrubber systems.

AcknowledgementThis project is supported by the ‘‘R&D Center for the reduction of

Non-CO2 Greenhouse gases (2017002420001)” funded by the Korea

Ministry of Environment (MOE) as the Global Top Environment R&D

Program.

P-E&LC-005 014

Effect of Heat Recovery Equipment in a Reactor of

Scrubber System





There is a growing interest in gas scrubber devices for efficiently treating process waste gases generated in semi-conductor manufacturing processes. In general, the waste gas emitted after the process is primarily decomposed in a reactor, and unreacted harmful gas is finally purified through a wet or dry scrubbing system. Depending on the type of waste gas, various combinations of heat sources and the scrubbing method are used in the reactor. The flameless catalytic thermal oxidation (FCTO) scrubber system, which combines electro-thermal heater and the catalytic decom-position method, has been widely used in the semiconductor industry fields. Various studies have been carried out re-garding these gas scrubbers. However, most of the studies have focused on the flow characteristics of the washing water and pollutant gas, and there is a lack of study on the heat recovery of waste gas exhausted from the reactor.

Poster Abstracts 79

Therefore, in this study, the thermal and flow characteristics in the reactor were analyzed through experiments and nu-merical analysis using a small-scale model of simplified reactor. In addition, the effect of the two types of heat re-covery systems installed in the reactor were evaluated trough the numerical analysis and the experimental method.

AcknowledgementThis project is supported by the ‘‘R&D Center for the reduction of

Non-CO2 Greenhouse gases (2017002420001)” funded by the

Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as the Global Top Environment

R&D Program.

P-E&LC-006 015

Estimation of Monthly Average Daily Radiation in

Mongolia Using Angstrom-Prescott Regression

Models

Sainbold Saranchimeg1, Nirmal K.C. Nair1, Enebish Namjil2,*,

Molor Sharkhuu2, and Mendbayar Bayarsaikhan2

1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand




Mongolia has attracted much attention internationally thanks to its abundant solar energy resource. A large amount of solar power could be exported to North East Asian countries from the PV plants in the Gobi Desert. However, there is a lack of studies which cover solar radiation estimation in Mongolia. In this paper, new empiric models based on Angstrom-Prescott regression are proposed for solar radiation estimation in Mongolia. The proposed models were used to calculate a monthly average daily radiation in two cities of Mongolia and calculation results were compared with existing models by using measurement data. The hourly solar radiation measurement at Altai and Choibalsan cities between 2004 and 2013 were used for statistical comparison and develop-ment of new models’ empiric coefficients. The data were measured at ground weather stations of Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environ-ment Mongolia. Proposed models show the best agreement with measurement data in statistical comparison along with an existing model, which is latitude related.

P-E&LC-007 016

Study on Renewable Energy Utilization in Energy

Self-Sufficient Rural Areas in South Korea

Jin Young Kim1, Alice Downham1, Hyun-Goo Kim1,*,

Yong-Heack Kang1, Sangmin Cho2, Seung Moon Lee2,

Chang-Yeol Yun1, and Chang Ki Kim1



2New and Renewable Energy Team, Korea Energy and Economic

Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea


Korean government has established and implemented a policy

of expanding the supply of renewable energy centered on solar and wind power, and the energy mix began to take into consideration energy conversion. In 2030, the company plans to increase the share of renewable energy generation by 20%, mainly from solar and wind. It is hoped that the nation will strategically achieve 40% of this goal through small-scale public participation projects, and ultimately ex-pand the supply of renewable energy through voluntary renewable energy generation projects by consumers. There-fore, in order to expect consumers ‘voluntary expansion of renewable energy generation projects, it is necessary to supply renewable energy plans that take into account the characteristics of consumers’ energy use. According to the 2018 Renewable Energy White Paper, it is confirmed that solar energy alone can account for about 77% of Korea’s total power generation, considering the market conditions. This is a fragmentary result compared with the national total energy unit. This study analyzes the renewable energy independence rate considering the regional characteristics at the national level by comparing the con-verged renewable energy with the actual power consumption in rural area.

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology

Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry

& Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20194210200010).

P-E&LC-008 017

GIS-Based Analysis of Potential Agro-Residue

Biomass Resources and Bioenergy Plant Locations in

the Republic of Korea

Alice Downham, Jin-Young Kim, and Hyun-Goo Kim*

New-Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea Institute



This study aims to analyse the spatial distribution and quantity of potential agro-residue biomass resources for bioenergy production, and the optimal number, locations and sizes of bioenergy plants, in the Republic of Korea. A GIS-based methodology is utilised to identify candidate bioenergy plant locations and production capacity, and biomass collection areas and transport distances. Areas of high biomass con-centration are derived from Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs ‘Farm Map & Agriculture Geospatial Information Service’ data using map overlay techniques, cartographic modelling of land suitability, and Kernel Density mapping. Biomass transport optimisation is utilised, considering existing transportation networks and spatially varied sources of agro-residue biomass.



& Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20194210200010).

80 AFORE 2019


P-ESS/SG&MG-001 018

Optimization of ESS Container Air Conditioning

System through Thermal Flow Analysis

Jun Young Kim*, Jae Ho Choi, and Jae Woo Park

New & Renewable Energy Material Development Center of the

Jeonbuk National University, Buan, Republic of Korea


In order to optimize the ESS container air conditioning system, heat flow analysis was performed inside the container. We installed and monitored the thermometer / hygrometer inside the configured ESS container and tested the air conditioning system composition according to the battery location and capacity.Air conditioning system and hybrid air conditioning system simulation of ESS container through simulation of flow / structural analysis, and temperature distribution analysis of ESS container was performed using infrared thermal image camera to derive a suitable air conditioning system for ESS container.

P-ESS/SG&MG-002 019

Possibilities of Using Gravity Storage for Very Large

Scale Solar Power Generation in Mongolia

Namjil Enebish1,*, Eduard R. Heindl2, and Zolbayar Jargalsaikhan3



2Department of Business Computing, Furtwangen University,

Furtwangen, Germany

3Department of Physics Engineering, Khovd State University,

Mongolia


Gravity Storage is a new type of the pumped hydro tech-nology which can be successfully used in arid and desert areas. This is especially interesting for Very Large Scale Photovoltaic systems in the desert area, like Gobi Desert of Mongolia. The technology is based on the excavation of a large piston of natural rock in the underground that is sealed against its natural environment. During a storage cycle, water is pumped, using cheap electricity, below the piston, to lift the piston and store thereby the energy in potential energy in the gravitation field. During energy demand, the piston is lowered, and a water turbine generates AC power for the grid. The decisive variable with such energy storage lies in the storage capacity. It increases with the fourth power of the radius, r4. The construction costs however only increase with the square of the radius, r². This means that the construction costs increase substantially more slowly than the storage capacity. Thus, very low costs per kilowatt hour of storage capacity are possible as the price per kilowatt hour of storage capacity decreases with 1/r². This is the outstanding competitive advantage of this storage concept. The paper provides insights of comprehensive studies of the

gravity storage system and broader assessment of the Levelized Cost of Storage of the Gravity Storage system for Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Solar Power generation in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia.

GE : Geothermal Energy

P-GE-001 020

Heating Effects Analysis of Heat Pump System Using

Underground Spring Water in Jeju

YounKoo Kang*, SeokHo Park, and JongPil Moon

Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA, Haman,

Republic of Korea


The purpose of this study is to reduce CO2 emissions and heating energy cost and to broaden the use field of unused energy by using underground spring water as an energy source. The heat pump system using underground spring water as a heat source is a general water-to-air heat pump system. The total installation capacity of the system is 210 kW (60 RT). The system was installed in a greenhouse of 2,000m2 in Wolpyeong-dong, Seogwipo-si, Jeju. The green-house heating effect and the inlet temperature variation of the evaporator were analyzed in the middle of February to early March, because it was the coldest in the heating period and the germination period of the flower. When heating the greenhouse with the system, the greenhouse inner tempera-ture was well maintained at the setting temperature of 15°C. Also, the heating COP of the system was from 4.3 to 4.9 when average temperature of the underground spring water was 15.0°C and average inlet air temperature of condenser was 8.4°C. The inlet water temperature of the evaporator tended to drop from 17°C to 10°C during the heating period of night. In this study, heating effect of the greenhouse, the heating energy cost reduction effect, and the CO2 emission reduction effect will be analyzed. This study was supported by RDA (Research Project No. PJ01350701).

P-GE-002 021

Cooling and Heating Performance Simulation of

Ground-Source Heat Pump System in School

Building

Byonghu Sohn*, and Jaesik Kang

Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology,

Goyang, Republic of Korea


Ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have become an efficient alternative to conventional cooling and heating methods due to their higher energy using efficiency. These systems use the ground as a heat source in heating and a heat sink in cooling mode operation. The purpose of this simulation study is to evaluate the performance of a hypo-thetical GSHP system in a school building. We collected various data of building specifications and construction

Poster Abstracts 81

materials for an actual school building (10,432 m2) in Seoul and then modeled to calculate the hourly building loads with SketchuUp and TRNSYS V17. In addition, we used GLD (Ground Loop Design) V2016, a GSHP system design and simulation software tool, to evaluate hourly and monthly performance of the GSHP system. The energy consumption for the GSHP system based on the hourly simulation results were estimated to be 76.6 MWh/year for cooling and 187.0 MWh/year for heating. The seasonal performance factor (SPF) of the GSHP system was also calculated to be in the range of 3.2∼5.0.



& Energy of the Republic of Korea. (No. 20172010105610)

P-GE-003 022

Thermal Property Measurement of Bentonite-Based

Grout and Their Effects on Design Length of VGHE

Byonghu Sohn1,*, Kwang Soo Kim1, and Hyo Jae Lim2

1Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology

(KICT), Goyang, Republic of Korea

2Geothermal Education Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of

Korea


A Ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system is considered as an energy-efficient and cost effective cooling and heating system for buildings. In a GSHP system, a vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE) is widely accepted due to a higher thermal performance. In the VGHE, grout (also called grouting material) plays an important role in the heat transfer performance and the initial installation cost of the VGHE. A Bentonite-based grout has been used in practice as an excellent material to backfill a borehole for the VGHE because of its high swelling potential and low hydraulic conductivity. This study evaluated the thermo-physical properties of the bentonite-based grouts through lab-scale measurements. In addition, we conducted performance si-mulation to analyze the effect of mixed ratio of grouts on the design length and thermal performance of the VGHE. The simulation results show that thermally-enhanced grouts improve the heat transfer performance of the VGHE and thus reduce the design length of GHE pipe.

AcknowledgementThis paper is the result of the KICT project (No.20190161), financially

supported by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Information and

Communication of the republic of Korea.


P-HF-001 023

Plasma-Catalyst Combined Reforming Technology

for Hydrogen Porduction

Dae Hyun Choi*, and Tai Hyeop Lho

Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research

Institute, Gunsan , Republic of Korea


Steam-Methane reforming reaction (SMR) is used in industry for producing a large amount of hydrogen. In general, SMR has been carried out at the temperature ranges of 700 ~ 1000°C in a commercial catalysts.SMR reactor has been designed complicatedly considering the catalyst thermal management and if the thermal manage-ment fails, the catalyst during the reforming reaction is agglomerated in the temperatures and showing the degra-dation of catalytic performance with a carbon deposition on the surface of catalyst. Further, SMR process has a time for the catalyst temperature distribution at the start of the reaction. However, in the case of a hydrogen station for the automobiles, hydrogen production requires a technique of controlling the amount of production over time and pro-ducing hydrogen in a short period of time. If hydrogen is produced in a short time using plasma and stable supply of hydrogen is achieved by using SMR, hydrogen station can be economically operated.We report the methane reforming in a steam plasma generated by microwaves at atmospheric pressure. 2.45 GHz microwave generator was used for plasma genera-tion, and plasma power was applied up to 6 KW. The feed gas was fixed at a steam flow rate of 45 g/min and the steam- carbon ratio varied to find stable condition for producing hydrogen. The catalyst used in the SMR process was Nickel based commercial model (KATALCO 57-7, Johnson Matthey Co.). It was possible in less than 5 minutes to produce about 70% hydrogen from the plasma process. In this work, it was confirmed that plasma and catalyst combined reforming process significantly reduce the time required to stably produce hydrogen at a high concentration.

P-HF-002 024

A Study on the Real-Time Monitoring Center System

for Energy Filling Station

Yeon Jin Ku, Pil Jong Kim, Dong Hwan Kim, Song Hyun Park, and

Yun Sil Huh*



Recently, internal combustion engine automobiles using fossil fuels in the transport sector have been highlighted as the main sources of greenhouse gas and fine dust emissions, and environmentally friendly vehicles are attracting attention. Among environmentally friendly automobiles, hydrogen cars, which use hydrogen as their main fuel, are in the spotlight because they produce heat and electricity by oxygen and chemical humidification, and byproducts are only H2O.As a result, the Korean government plans to supply 6.2 million hydrogen cars and 1,200 hydrogen filling stations by 2010, with 1,079 hydrogen cars and 15 charging stations. . However, there is no organization that specializes in mana-ging the operating status and safety management of the charging stations that are being operated, and it is impossible

82 AFORE 2019

to identify and improve the problems in the field.Therefore, this study establishes a real-time monitoring situation center for stable operation and safety management of charging stations and refueling stations in Korea in real time and designed accident prevention model by collecting, analyzing. It is possible to monitor systematic safety manage-ment of the charging station by analyzing the risk factor data by receiving the data of the charging station for verifi-cation at real time. The real-time monitoring system for demonstration charging stations is expected to be used as a system for the operation and safety management of all charging stations in the future.

AcknowledgementThis study was supported by the Energy Security Technology

Development Project of Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and

Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning.

[20162220100180 (A) study on risk assessment of hydrogen multi

energy filling station]

P-HF-003 025

A Study on Real Time Monitoring System of

LPG-Hydrogen Combined Fueling Stations

Song Hyun Park, Dong Hwan Kim, Yeon Jin Ku, Pil Jong Kim, and

Yun Sil Huh*



In January 2019, the government announced the “Roadmap for Activating the Hydrogen Economy”, planning to Hydro-gen charging stations to promote the diffusion of hydrogen vehicles and build up to 310 hydrogen filling stations with the aim of reducing 35% of the fine dust emissions by 2022. The hydrogen charging station in Korea has been predicted and diagnosed through monitoring, but the judgment system is relatively insufficient. Therefore, It is necessary to tho-roughly evaluate all the standards and safety policies for domestic hydrogen charging stations, and it is necessary to support the required technical safety assurance.In this study, we analyze the data of the hydrogen filling station through the criterion and safety evaluation in terms of domestic situation, and build a real-time monitoring system, thereby contributing to the construction of the safe hydrogen filling station and the work efficiency by improving the safety management of the real-time monitoring system. It is confirmed that the hydrogen supply system, filling pressure, vehicle pressure, vehicle temperature, etc. conform to the SAE_J2601 standard by analyzing the data of the LPG-hydrogen filling station in real time and aims to secure the completeness and reliability of the LPG-hydrogen com-bined fueling stations. With the analysis of the measured data and the efficient management of the refueling infra-structure through objective data and forecasting, it is anti-cipated to prepare for actual accidents and provide useful judgment information.






P-HF-004 026

A Study on the Analysis of Operational Monitoring

Data Based on the Verification of the Hydrogen Multi

Energy Filling Station

Dong Hwan Kim, Song Hyun Park, Yeon Jin Ku, Pil Jong Kim, and

Yun Sil Huh*



The government recently proposed a goal of building 67,000 hydrogen electric vehicles and 310 hydrogen filling stations in Korea by 2022 under the hydrogen economy road map. Accordingly, the diffusion of domestic hydrogen electric vehicles is expected to increase. In addition, as the hydrogen filling station can be installed in the city center with the approval of “Installation of the city center hydrogen filling station” as the regulation sandbox No.1 which exempted or defer existing regulations, research for securing the filling station safety and safety standard suitable for the domestic environment are absolutely necessary.In this study, real - time monitoring data of fueling stations according to spring, summer, autumn and winter conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) were collected and analyzed by using collected core data. We analyzed the phenomena that occur when the hydrogen car is charged, such as the pressure, temperature change, and the relationship between the high and low buffer tank during charging of the vehicle. It will be used as the basic data for the data development data of the real time monitoring program analysis algorithm through the operation data analysis of the hydrogen fueled complex charging station. We will use the results of the study to reflect the safety standards related to the operation and charging of the hydrogen filling station in the future.






P-HF-005 027

A Hazard Assessment of Fuel Systems for Application

to Unmanned Aircraft

Jun-Young Kang, Gun-Woo Oh, Min-Woo Kim, Hyo-Jung Bang,

and Jung-Woon Lee*


Republic of Korea


The unmanned aerial vehicle, called drones, was initially developed for military use, but its range of use has expanded and is being used in many areas, including hobbies, trans-portation, agriculture, surveillance and so on.Generally, the power source of the drone is used by battery, but due to low energy density, there is a limit to flight time

Poster Abstracts 83

and payload. In order to solve these problems, attempts have been made to use hydrogen energy with high energy density as a power source. For this reason, several groups are in the midst of research to install fuel cell systems in the drones. However, compared to the progress of research, there are not enough safety standards for applying fuel cell systems to drone. Hydrogen, used as fuel in fuel cells, is a combustible material, which is stored in high-pressure containers and can cause serious damage if an accident occurs. Therefore, safety assessment is essential when applying fuel cells to drones, and this study aims to assess the risk of the application of fuel cell systems in the unmanned aerial vehicles.To this end, the fuel cell system’s parts, materials, structures, etc. were evaluated and the safety design direction of the system was proposed.

P-HF-006 028

A Study on Risk Assessment of Alkaline Water

Electrolysis System and Application of Safety

Standards

Min-Woo Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Eun-Kyung Lee, and Jung-Woon Lee*


Republic of Korea


Recently, the amount of renewable energy such as solar, wind power is steadily increasing in order to establish energy security and friendly environmental society around the world. In Europe, the hydrogen energy storage system(HESS) using water electrolysis is already developed and demonstrated to solve the problem of grid power instability and surplus power caused by the increase of renewable energy. HESS has the advantage of storing large amount of hydrogen because it has more storage capacity and time than a battery energy storage system(BESS). But, it is necessary to consider the property of hydrogen(explosive gas) and it is additionally required to derive the risk factor by operating conditions. In alkaline water electrolysis system, differential pressure, current density and electrolyte mixing problems by operating conditions are important variables that can cause accidents. In addition, due to the characteristics of the system using the corrosive alkaline aqueous solution, problems such as selec-tion of materials and structures must be provided, and it is required to prevent the occurrence of accidents through safety devices from various risk factors.The purpose of this study is to construct a node in each part of the alkaline water electrolysis system, to identify the risk factors, and to provide safety and improvement measures. Therefore, it is thought that it can contribute to the achieve-ment of safe hydrogen society by supplementing and impro-ving the safety standards that are not yet available in Korea.

P-HF-007 029

Examination of Applicable Laws and Regulations for

Wind Power-Water Electrolysis-Fuel Cell

Interconnection System

Ji-Hye Kim, Min-Woo Kim, Eun-Kyung Lee*, and Jung-Woon Lee


Republic of Korea


Techniques for producing hydrogen using surplus power generated from renewable energy are being studied in various fields all over the world. Techniques for producing hydrogen are divided into fossil fuel-based technologies and non-fossil fuel-based technologies. The water electrolysis technology is one of the most used non-fossil fuel tech-nologies and has the advantage of producing hydrogen with higher purity than other technologies. It is an environmentally friendly technology that produces hydrogen and oxygen using only electricity and water. Typical electrolysis techniques include Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE) using alkaline electrolytes, PEMWE (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis) using a polymer electrolyte, and SOWE (Solid Oxide Water Electrolysis) using a solid oxide. It is important to establish measures such as safety standards related to water electrolysis system. At present, there are established standards and codes related to water supply in foreign countries. How-ever, in Korea, there are not enough standards related to water electrolysis. In this study, we reviewed the laws and regulations for the safe design of the system linking renewable energy and water. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will help to establish and demonstrate the linkage system by deriving the safety standards related to the wind energy-water electrolysis-fuel cell system.

P-HF-008 030

Analysis of Safety Performance Evaluation Results

for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Gun-Woo Oh, Tae-Sung Park, and Eun-Kyung Lee*


Republic of Korea


With the advent of the hydrogen economy, research on hydrogen fuel cells is being carried out actively. In particular, fuel cells can be installed in various applications due to their high power generation efficiency, space efficiency, and ease of control of power generation scale. Fuel cells can be divided into low temperature fuel cells and high temperature fuel cells. Since Solid Oxide Fuel Cells have high power generation efficiency, technology development is underway in various fields ranging from several KW classes to several MWs. However, because it operates at high temperatures, it requires high technical skills in system design, such as structural design or material selection. Among them, the fuel cell stack is a key technology for fuel cells, and safety performance evaluation on the stack is essential. In this study, we performed a safety performance assessment for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell stack of high temperature fuel cells. Safety performance assessment items for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell stacks were derived and some of the items were evaluated. The results of this study will be used as basic data for the development of safety performance evaluation technology of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell stack and contributed to the activation of fuel cell diffusion in the future.

84 AFORE 2019

P-HF-009 031

A Study on the High Pressure Tank for the

Development of Fuel Cell System for Drone

Gun Woo Oh*, Hyojoong Bang, Jung Woon Lee, and

Jun Young Kang


Republic of Korea


Recently, the use of “drone” around the world has become diverse, including agriculture, security, transportation, commu-nication and structure. However, lithium-ion batteries, currently used as the main power source for drones, have a shorter flight time due to their low energy density per unit weight, and the weight of the batteries makes it difficult to fit additional equipment using the drones. To solve this problem, we want to use hydrogen energy with high energy density. Fuel cells are one of the ways to use hydrogen energy. When a fuel cell is used as the main energy of a drone, it can fly for a long time because the amount of hydrogen used as a fuel can increase. A high-pressure tank shall be fitted for the supply of hydrogen. In this study, the research is conducted on the development of high-pressure tanks that are mounted on drones.The high-pressure tank is developed through the reference analysis of KGS AC411 (Metal Liner Composite Material Specification) and KGS AC418 (Complex Material Speci-fication Using Non-Metallic Liner).Risk analysis and safety verification according to various issues.

P-HF-010 032

A Study on the Standardization of Fuel Cell Efficiency

Evaluation Method for Building

Gun Woo Oh*, Jung Woon Lee, and Eun Kyung Lee


Republic of Korea


The current government wants to expand the share of re-newable energy generation from 6 percent in 2017 to 20 percent in 2030. Research into renewable energy is brisk, and the paradigm of energy policy is shifting to hydrogen energy. Fuel cells that use hydrogen energy can be made in modular form and can be applied to various fields. It can be used in various places such as buildings, housing, and portable devices. Appropriate design and installation criteria are required for different environments in preparation for the commerciali-zation of fuel cell systems for residential and building pur-poses.In this study, reliability of efficiency measurement value is needed as detailed measurement method for efficiency is not given during performance evaluation, compared to active distribution expansion of fuel cell for building. Therefore, it is intended to develop a measurement method for thermal efficiency.

As a result of this, we intend to develop methods for impro-ving reliability and evaluating efficiency performance for inspection.

P-HF-011 033

A Study on the Demonstration Evaluation of Fuel Cell

for Building by Fuel Gas Composition

Soo-Jin Han, Min-Woo Kim, Gun-Woo Oh, Jung-Woon Lee*, and

Hyo-Jung Bang


Republic of Korea


Recently, the need for energy to replace fossil fuels has been highlighted due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the increase in environmental pollutants. So, fuel cells have been considering as an alternative energy and the commer-cialization is being promoted around the world. However, in order to export the product, it is deemed that the composition of the fuel gas and the odorant, the electric power system, and fuel cell standard shall be identified first, and it should be done together with the fuel cell demon-stration evaluation.In particular, the composition of the gas supplied to the fuel cells varies from country to country, and impurities exist that can adversely affect the performance of the fuel cell system due the poisoning of stack during the process of reforming. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to investigate the composition of city gas and odorant etc. in the exporting country conduct an evaluation on the safety of fuel cells in the impurities conditions through the city gas simulating them. In this study, we analyzed the composition of test gas standards and detailed items in Europe and the city gas supplied to the fuel cell in each exporting country. In addition, simulated gas is produced, and the safety perfor-mance data is secured through the demonstration operation and evaluation of the fuel cell and contribute to the competitiveness and safety formation of the fuel cell system in various installation environments.

P-HF-012 034

A Facile Synthesis of Pd/C Catalyst with Outstanding

Dispersion for Fuel Cells

Jin Ho Hyun1,2, Dongchul Park2, Seok-Hee Park2, and

Gu-Gon Park1,2,*

1Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering,





The supported Palladium nanoparticles on carbon (Pd/C) electrocatalysts are applicable in various fields. Especially, in the fuel cells, Pd/C can be used for core-shell electro-catalyst. Here, we report a facile synthesis of Pd/C electro-catalyst with uniform particle size distribution and good

Poster Abstracts 85

dispersion. The Pd/C electrocatalysts were synthesized with no addition of reduction agents in diethylene glycol (DEG), which serves as solvent and reducing agent in simultaneous. The as-prepared Pd/C electrocatalysts exhibited high electro-chemical active surface area (ECSA) and high electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic and alkaline solution due to the uniform distribution in particle size and good dispersion. The uniformity is well maintained up to 5 g batch, indicating large scale synthesis of Pd/C is possible for commercialization. We also coated Platinum mono-layer on as-prepared Pd/C via ethanol me-diated method for Pd@Pt/C core-shell electrocatalyst. It showed much better ORR activity (0.692 A/mgPt and 0.306 A/mgPGM at 0.9 V) than commercial Pt based catalysts. Through a very simplified method, it was possible to prepare a Pd/C catalyst having an average size of Pd nanoparticles of less than 5 nm and it was confirmed that the resulting Pd/C catalysts can be successfully applied to the core-shell structured electrocatalyst.

P-HF-013 035

Utilizing Waste Copper Cable Wires for the

Development of High-Performance Electrode for

Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Pravin Babar, and Jin Hyeok Kim*





Currently, electronic waste (e-waste) is the world’s most challenging and rapidly growing problem in the waste stream. To develop an alternative way to use e-waste (waste copper (Cu) wires) to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of water electrolysis, the waste Cu wires are used as a low- cost current collector. We demonstrate a simple electrode-position process to deposit nickel-iron hydroxide (NiFe LDH) nanosheets on self-supported copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2/Cu) nanowires grown via chemical-oxidation on waste Cu wire. Benefiting from the efficient electron transport, high mass activity, and surface area this electrocatalyst exhibits an efficient OER performance with a low overpotential of 280 mV and 395 mV at 20 and 100 mA cm-2 respectively, with excellent stability. This work provides a promising pathway to recycle e-waste into value-added resources in various energy conversion applications.

P-HF-014 036

An Earth-Abundant, Amorphous Cobalt-Iron-Borate

(Co-Fe-Bi) Prepared on Ni Foam as Highly Efficient

and Durable Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution

Umesh P. Suryawanshi, and Jin Hyeok Kim*

Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Optoelectronics

Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University,



The rational designing of Earth-abundant, low-cost and efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts is pre-requisite to develop the alternative sustainable energy sources. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst based on an amorphous Co-Fe-Bi directly grown on three-dimensional nickel foam via a facile solution approach. Co-Fe-Bi electrocatalysts on nickel foam exhibits an overpotential of ~ 307 mV to achieve the geometrical current density of 10 mA cm-2, a low Tafel slope of ~ 68.6 mV dec-1 and outstanding durability for 40 h at a mass loading of 1.2 mg cm-2, which is superior to those of borate-based electrocatalysts reported in the literature.

This remarkable preliminary electrocatalytic performance in Co-Fe-Bi originates from the synergistic influence of unique binder-free ultra-thin nanosheets on the three dimensional porous structure, amorphous nature of multimetal-metalloid complex with highly abundant catalytically active sites and high conductivity of nickel foam. This work holds a great promise in the design and development of highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts at a large-scale based on an amorphous bimetallic borate nanosheets using a facile one- step solution process.

P-HF-015 037

Studying the Behavior of Different Stack Designs of

Planar SOFC and Their Effects on Flow Uniformity

Fueled with Biogas

Muhammad Adeel Ashraf1,2, Kashif Rashid2,1,

Iman Rahimipetroudi1,2, and Sang Keun Dong2,1,*

1Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea

University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of

Korea

2Thermal Energy System Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy



In this work, a 3-D mechanism model of two different stack designs of planar solid oxide fuel cells fueled with biogas is developed. One of the design with rectangular strips sepa-rators while the other has circular guiding vanes separators. The stack flow uniformity index criteria are engaged to inter-rogate the flow characteristics by connecting 5 planar SOFCs in series. Hydrodynamic simulations are employed to examine the flow uniformity not only at the stacks level but also among the channels of the separators. The detailed description of tran-sport processes of chemical/electrochemical reactions with over potential losses are also performed to investigate the effects of flow uniformity on the performance of the stacks. The model is validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental results. The two different stack designs are compared in terms of species, temperature and current as well as normalized mass flow rates. The results declare that the stack design with rectangular strips separators show higher values of uniformity indexes (over 0.98) than the circular guiding vanes separators design (in the range of 0.88). Al-though the lower flow uniformity for circular guiding vanes separators design but it shows more uniformity in terms of temperature and current density distributions.

86 AFORE 2019

P-HF-016 038

Feasibility Study on the Application of Fuel Cell for

the Greenhouse

Chul-sung Lee*, SeungWook Shin, MiLan Park, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park


Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected] .kr)

Greenhouse energy consumption accounts for about 30% ~ 40% of total production cost. Therefore, in order for farmers to have competitiveness for greenhouse crop production, the energy cost must be greatly reduced. As a way to reduce energy consumption in the greenhouse efficiently, the appli-cation of renewable energy systems can be considered such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy etc. The fuel cell, a new energy system, generates power and emits heat at the same time, and these can be used for greenhouse heating and cooling. This study investigated the feasibility and validity of fuel cells as a way to reduce the energy cost of the greenhouse through economic analysis. In order to calculated greenhouse energy consumption depending on crop types, a validated greenhouse performance simulation model was used. The model was corrected using data from real green-house and measured energy consumption. The analysis shows that the use of fuel cells in greenhouses significantly reduces the heating and cooling energy consumption and thus energy cost. In particular, the economics of fuel cells was greater in subtropical crop production than in general crops.

P-HF-017 039

Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for the Air Supply

System of a Residential PEMFC

Jinyeon Won1,2, Minjin Kim2,3, Won-Yong Lee2, Yoon-Young Choi2,

Jongsup Hong1,*, and Hwanyeong Oh2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul,

Republic of Korea

2Korea Institute of Energy research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

3Department of Advence Energy and System engineering, Korea



As the supply of residential polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)s is active, it is important to improve the lifetime and durability of PEMFCs. Recently, material-based research is being actively conducted, but system level research is insufficient. In this research, The fault diagnosis technology of the residential PEMFC air supply system has been studied to improve the service life and durability of the system side. Prior to the experiment, a commercial 1 kW residential PEMFC system for fault diagnosis is constructed, and data for each operating load and state (normal state, 6 faults) were collected. The collected data were used to generate models and residuals using various regression trainings. The residual pattern was defined based on the threshold value determined by normalizing the generated residual, and it was confirmed that a fault was detected by applying a model

to steady state data and transient data. As a result, the resi-dual pattern of steady state data was consistent with the learned residual pattern. But, in the transient data, the residual pattern continuously changes as the measured value changes, making it difficult to classify the failure. In this research, Various classification learning methods were used to minimize the error rate and to maximize the accuracy and prediction speed of the status diagnosis. Finally, model-based diagnosis method through regression and classification learning can be used to diagnose steady and transient conditions.

P-HF-018 040

Accelerated Durability Test of 3M 729/PTFE

Reinforced Membranes for PEMFC

Hyejin Lee1, Sung-Hee Shin1, Pratama Juniko Nur1,2, Sojeong Lee1,

Dongwon Shin1, and Byungchan Bae1,2,*


Republic of Korea

2Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of



The chemical and mechanical durability of reinforced 3M 729 membrane was evaluated using a combined OCV (open circuit voltage) -RH wet/dry cycling test. Usually, the degradation of membrane have been monitored through the following acceleration experiments: 1) OCV holding test (chemical degradation) and 2) wet/dry cycling (mechanical degradation) test. Although these accelerated tests could predict the degradation of the membranes, however, those generally required a least couples of months for accurate analytical results. Therefore, revised accelerated test has been suggested by DOE in 2016, so called combined OCV- wet/dry cycling. Newly suggested combined accelerated test can monitor the chemical and mechanical stability of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) for PEM fuel cells at the same time. 3M 729/PTFE reinforced membrane was fabricated by im-pregnating expanded PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) substrate with a 3M 729 polymer solution and annealed at 200 °C. The combined OCV-RH wet/dry cycling test was performed at 90 °C and 0-100% RH with 40 sccm/cm2 H2 to the anode and high purity air to the cathode, respectively. RH wet-dry cycle (30 sec dry / 45 sec wet) under OCV condition was continuously monitored and their electrochemical behavior was analyzed every 1,000 cycle using a potentiostat. The annealed 3M 729/PTFE membrane was stable up to 16,600 cycles, whereas non-annealed one was 5,800 cycles. Herein, we report the details of combined OCV-RH wet/dry cycling test of the membranes and its electrochemical analysis during the test.

P-HF-019 041

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric

Radical Scavenger for Chemically Stable Proton

Exchange Membrane

Byeol-Nim Lee1,2, Abdul kodir1,2, Sung-Hee Shin1, Dongwon Shin1,

and Byungchan Bae1,2,*

Poster Abstracts 87


Republic of Korea




Chemical durable proton exchange membranes have been a challenge for the commercialization of the PEMFC. It has been known that oxidative degradation of the membrane by radical species during the fuel cell operation has resulted in failure of the membranes. Various approaches have been employed to mitigate the oxidative degradation of the mem-branes, for example, introducing radical scavenging additives. Those are kinds of inorganic or organic ones such as cerium and vitamin E. These materials successfully improved the chemical durability of the membrane but, they are known to deteriorate proton conductivity and be leached out of the membrane.In this study, we developed a new type of organic radical scavenger that cannot deteriorate proton conductivity. We modified the chemical structure of organic radical scavengers to increase not only compatibility with perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes but also its own stability. Prepared composite membranes were characterized by Fenton’s oxidative stability test, FT-IR, tensile strength, conductivity and water uptake. The composite membranes showed better chemical durability than those without radical scavenges. More details about characterizations and durability issues will be addressed.

P-HF-020 042

A Study on Hydrocarbon-Based Membrane Electrode

Assembly for Building Application Fuel Cells

Seunghee Woo, Sung-Dae Yim, and Seok-Hee Park*

Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER),



Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are widely accepted as a clean energy device because of its high energy density and eco-friendly process converting the chemical energy into the electrical energy. Especially perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers are the most promising state-of-the-art materials as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. However, PFSA ionomers are some drawbacks such as high production cost and hydrothermal stability [1, 2].In this study, a hydrocarbon-based MEA was prepared at optimum conditions and electrochemical properties were systematically evaluated at 80°C, 50% RH. The plot of high frequency resistance (HFR) vs. membrane thickness of hydro-carbon-based MEAs can be predicted the HFR according to membrane thickness [3]. More details will be discussed.

References[1] J. Peron, Z. Shi, S. Holdcroft, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 1575.

[2] M.A. Hickner, H. Ghassemi, Y.S. Kim, B.R. Einsla, J.E. McGrath,

Chem. Rew., 2004, 104, 4587.

[3] Y.S. Kim, K.-S. Lee, Polymer Reviews, 2015, 55, 330.

P-HF-021 043

System Operation and Evaluation for 5kW

High-Temperature PEMFC Stack

Min-Goo CHOI1,2, Minjin KIM1,2, Young-Jun SOHN1,2,

Seung-Gon KIM1, Ji-Hong KIM1, Sungkun LEE3,

Jae-Hoon JEONG3, and Haneul LEE3



2Department of Advance Energy and System Technology, Korea


3Dong-A FuelCell CO., LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


PEMFC is the most developed among fuel cell types and is expected to be commercialized. The high temperature PEMFC has the same principle as the power generation of the existing PEMFC, but it can operate at 120 ~ 180 °C compared to the existing low temperature PEMFC which operated at 60 ~ 80 °C. As a result, it has advantages such as minimizing BOP parts, enhancing impurity resistance, and utilizing high tem-perature waste heat, compared to conventional PEMFC. However, the high temperature PEMFC is being commer-cialized a little later than the existing PEMFC, and the current research is being conducted. In particular, the case of 5kW high temperature PEMFC system for buildings is rarely studied in the world. This research is based on the 5kW high temperature PEMFC system manufactured by combining 5kW high temperature PEMFC stack developed through the existing national project and combined with fuel processor and BOP components. In order to raise the relevant technology to the level where the system can be commer-cialized, an experimental study of a 5kW high temperature PEMFC stack was conducted. In fact, the problems that occurred while operating the system were identified, and the impact on the stack was analyzed. Finally, stack design improvement and operation optimization were performed to improve system compatibility, resulting in the improvement of performance and durability of 5kW high temperature PEMFC stack for buildings.

P-HF-022 044

CFD Analysis for Optimizing Superheater BOP for

High Temperature Steam Production for Use in an

SOEC

Yun Ji Kim1, Hyun Seung Byun1, Seong Ryong Park2,

Chong Pyo Cho2, and Young Soon Baek1,*

1Department of Environment-Energy, Suwon University, Hwaseong,

Republic of Korea

2Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Renewable and hydrogen energy is attracting considerable attention for replacing fossil fuels, the main reason of climate change. Solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOEC) have also been recently gaining attention. SOECs are reversible hydroelectric fuel cell systems that produce electricity from renewable energy and use surplus energy to produce hydro-

88 AFORE 2019

gen. These systems utilize renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and waste heat; in particular, they have the advantage of solving transportation and storage problems through solar and wind energy.In this study, the waste heat of 900°C flue gas from a solid refuse fuel (SRF) combustion furnace was used to generate superheated steam at temperatures greater than 700°C from water vapor at 180°C and 6–9 bar through a cylindrical steam superheater. To find the optimal conditions for generating steam at 700°C or above, the shape of the superheater’s top part, number of steam inlet pipes, length and coil rotation diameter of coil injection pipes, steam inlet and outlet pipe diameters as the superheater’s balance of plant(BOP) were optimized using the FLUENT software. Under the optimal conditions, the steam outlet temperature of superheater with two steam inlet pipes obtained the maximum of ~753°C.

P-HF-023 045


ME : Marine Energy

P-ME-001 046


P-ME-002 047

A Numerical Open Water Test of a Horizontal Axis

Tidal Stream Turbine Using SOWFA Library

Heebum Lee*

New & Renewable Energy Group, Central Research Institute, Korea

Hydro and Nuclear Power, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


A numerical open water test of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine was performed. The SOWFA (simulator for wind farm application) library, developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA) was partially modified and implemented to OpenFOAM-6 which is open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) toolkit for the numerical simulation of viscous flow. The large eddy simulation (LES) with sub-grid scale (SGS) model was adopted to estimate turbulence characteristics in the wake. An actuator line method (ALM) which regards complex geometry of the turbine blades as simple lines employing body forces equivalent to the loading of the turbine blades was used to reduce compu-tational cost. The French research institute for exploitation of the sea (IFREMER) tidal stream turbine model which experimental data set is opened was utilized to the simulation. The presented results including a coherent turbulent structures which were observed by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), well predicted power and thrust coefficients compared to experimental data.

P-ME-003 048

Design and Performance Evaluation of the Moduleraft

Wave Energy Converter in Regular Waves

Watchara Tongphong1, Byung-Ha Kim1, In Cheol Kim1,

Dong Hoon Oh2, and Young-Ho Lee3,*


Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea

2Hwajin Enterprise.co., LTD, Republic of Korea

3Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean



Ocean waves are both clean and renewable sources of power for electricity. This paper presents a novel wave energy converter, ModuleRaft wave energy converter, a new concept of wave energy converter inspired by using the benefits of raft type and pendulum type wave energy converters. Module-Raft wave energy converter is unique due to its ability to convert both wave potential energy and wave kinetic energy by utilizing the pitch motion of floating modular flap and rafts. The device consists of a floating modular flap and four hinged rafts. The objectives of this study are: 1) to investigate the parameters which affected mechanical power and efficiency of the device and 2) to investigate the performance of the device under regular wave conditions by using the ANSYS- AQWA simulator. The results showed that, the parameters which affected mechanical power and efficiency of floating modular flap were power take-off (PTO) spring stiffness, PTO damping coefficient and module mass. The maximum efficiency of floating modular flap was observed to be 32.58%. The parameters which affected mechanical power and efficiency of rafts were PTO spring stiffness, PTO damping coefficient and raft mass. The maximum efficiency of raft wave energy converter was observed to be 32.89%.

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the Human Resources Development of


(KETEP) grant funded by the Korea Government Ministry of

Knowledge Economy (No.20164030300280).

PV : Photovoltaics

P-PV-001 049

Investigating the Impact of Sputtering Parameters on

Barrier Layer and Back Contact in Flexible CIGS

Solar Cell

Muhammad Awais1,2, Soomin Song1, Kim kihwan1,2,

Donghyeop Shin1, Jihye Gwak1,2,*, and Young-Joo Eo1,2,*

1Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research




*corresponding author ([email protected], [email protected]), presenting author ([email protected])

Poster Abstracts 89

The global concerns of climate changes have pushed us to maximize the use of renewable energy. Among different kinds of renewable energies solar cells have received great attention. Flexible Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells among them have seen considerable research due to their high conversion efficiency. Moreover, the roll-to-roll depo-sition, high temperature endurance, low cost manufacturing and huge applications particularly in building integrated PV makes them an ideal substitute to the silicon solar cells.In this study, we investigated the impacts of changing sputtering parameters of both barrier layer and back contact on the flexible CIGS thin film solar cells. We varied the working gas pressure and power to investigate their impacts. It was found that lower sputtering pressure makes denser barrier layer due to which out diffusion of impurities present in stainless steel substrate minimizes. In addition to that, we can reduce the barrier layer thickness and it can save the manufacturing cost. Furthermore, with increase or decrease in working gas pressure and power of molybdenum back contact deposition the curling of the stainless steel substrate also varied which induced internal stresses in the film. However, the stresses did not affect majorly on the device performance.

P-PV-002 050

Particle Distribution Characteristics of Rotary Mist

Spraying Device in an Evaporative Salt Water

Desalination System Using Solar Energy

Young Sun Ryou*, Jae Kyung Jang, Hyoung Kweon Kim,

Young Hwa Kim, Tae Suk Lee, Sung Sik Oh, Byung Ok Jin,

Gyoung Min Oh, and Tae Kyoung Kang




The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution characteristics of water particle size by devising a rotary mist spraying device to develop the evaporative salt water desalination system. We have prepared an evaporative salt water desalination system with solar cell and battery. The attached solar cell and battery was used as a power source of rotary mist spraying device. This device was constituted with a high speed sirocco fan, a metering pump, a salt water supply pipe and a speed regulator. The particle size dis-tribution was confirmed by changing the water velocity and the fan speed. The particle size distribution was measured under the fan speed with 3,800~5,600 rpm and the salt water supply with 2.77~19.70 mL/min conditions using laser di-ffraction system (Malvern Spraytec, England). The particle size was distributed between 0.341~0.541 μm at all fan speeds when the salt water supply was 2.77~8.28 mL/min. And when the salt water supply was increased to 9.74 mL/min, more than 90% of the particle size was distributed in the 39.81~135.94 μm range at 3,800 rpm fan speed. At this time, when fan speed was increased to 4,400~5,200 rpm and 5,600 rpm, the particle size of more than 95% was found to range of 29.29~116.59 μm and 2.51~10.00 μm, respectively. After confirming that the particles were small enough, when the fan speed was fixed at 5,600 rpm and the salt water supply velocity was increased to 11.20, 14.07,

16.77 mL/min. At this time the 99, 84, and 65% of particle size were smaller than 20 μm under each condition. And when the salt water supply velocity was increased to 19.70 mL/min, the particle size was distributed widely from 25.12 to 215.44 μm. This result showed that fine particles of 10 μm or less can be dispensed at a fan speed of 5,600 rpm and salt water supply of 9.74 mL/min.

AcknowledgementThis study was carried out with the support of “Research Program

for Agricultural Science & Technology Development(Project No.

PJ013520(PJ01352001))”, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences,

Rural Development Administration, Korea.

P-PV-003 051

Gompertz Model-Based Regression of Photovoltaic

Power Generation and Solar Irradiance

Alba Vilanova Cortezon1,2, Bo-Young Kim1, Chang Ki Kim1, and

Hyun-Goo Kim1,*

1New-Renewable Energy Resource & Policy Center, Korea Institute


2Higher Polytechnic School, University of Lleida, 25001 Lleida,

Spain


This study aims to derive a general equation which predicts the photovoltaic power generation output as a function of the clear sky index for the systems that produced energy in the Republic of Korea between 2014 and 2016. The power generation data of 242 solar power plants, obtained from Korea Power Exchange (KPX), is hourly correlated to the global horizontal irradiance, directly derived from the satellite imagery of Communication, Ocean and Meteoro-logical Satellite (COMS) by using University of Arizona Solar Irradiance Based of Satellite/Korea Institute of Energy Research (UASIBS/KIER) model at 1 km x 1 km resolution. Gompertz sigmoid function is used to fit the data, after comparing it with the linear least squares fitting technique, and its coefficients are found.

P-PV-004 052

Power Estimation for Analyzing the Degradation Rate

and Failure Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Systems Based

on Machine Learning

Wonwook Oh1,*, Minhyeok Lee2, Hoonjoo Choi1, Jin-Chel Moon3,

Donghwan Kim4, Nochang Park5, and Junhee Seok2,*

1STECO Corporation, Research & Development center, Republic of

Korea

2Korea University, School of Electrical Engineering, Republic of

Korea

3Chungbuk Technopark, Solar Technical Center, Republic of Korea

4Korea University, Department of Materials Science and

Engineering, Republic of Korea

5Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Electronic Convergence

Material & Device Research Center, Republic of Korea


90 AFORE 2019

In this work, a new power estimation model is developed for the degradation rate and failure diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This new model was validated by real moni-toring two grid-connected PV systems in Korea. Three para-meters of previous year are learned using the support vector regression model; (1) the generated power, (2) plane of array solar irradiance, and (3) PV module temperature. These data are analyzed to estimate the current power of PV system. We perform preprocessing using the instantaneous perfor-mance ratio of direct current to improve accuracy. On a clear day, estimated root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.036kW. The annual degradation rate calculated by the estimated and measured power is 1.09%. As a result of measurement of the total PV modules in the standard condition, the power of the PV system is decreased by 0.97% for one year. In addition, this method detected a PV system with significant power loss of 11.6% for a year after installation and was diagnosed as potential induced degradation is confirmed by on-site investigation. In conclusion, the power estimation model developed in this work can effectively allow preventive maintenance.

P-PV-005 053

Growth of Cubic SnS for Solar Cell Applications:

Effect of Substrates and Seed Layers

KrishnaRao Eswar Neerugatti, and Jaeyeong Heo*





SnS is one of the promising binary chalcogenides for solar cell applications due to its ideal bandgap, high optical absorption coefficient and its natural abundance. Although, SnS is widely studied for its energy harvesting abilities, not much research has been focused on several polymorphs of SnS. Recently, cubic SnS is paid more attention for its asym-metrical center with low temperature processing advan-tages. Theoretically, cubic SnS possess a bandgap of 1.7 eV with few forbidden transitions unlike other polymorphs of SnS. Similarly, cubic SnS was found to be thermodyna-mically meta-stable compound. Therefore, in the current study, we have addressed the effect of substrates and seed layers on the growth of cubic SnS at low temperature condi-tions. Seed layers of various thickness on different substrates were utilized to grow cubic SnS by chemical bath deposition. This study imparts a basic understanding towards optimization of growth conditions for cubic SnS to achieve better structural, morphological and optical properties. Also, this work may shed light on some interesting characteristics of cubic SnS that may be considered as a fundamental study for future works on this material.

P-PV-006 054

The Ifluence of Growth Temperature and Duration on

Vapor Transport Deposited Tin Monosulfide for

Thin-Films Solar Cells

Jae Yu Cho, and Jaeyeong Heo*





SnS is a non-cubic material unlike CIGS or CdTe, crystallizing in an orthorhombic structure (JCPDS No. 39-0354, a = 4.3291 Å, b = 11.1923 Å, c = 3.9838 Å). It easily leads to the formation of layered features. Therefore, controlling the morphology of the SnS absorber with dense and pinhole- free grains is crucial.In this study, the influence of vapor transport deposition (VTD) conditions of SnS, i.e., growth temperature and dura-tion, on the formation of secondary phases, preferred orien-tation, and solar cell performance, was investigated. In the growth temperature effect experiment, the morphology is grew as plate form with increasing temperature and the secondary phase was found at low temperature. Also, it was confirmed that the film thickness wase increased linearly with duration and When the growth duration increases to 10 min, a dramatic improvement in the device performance is noted. Finally, fabricated SnS TFSCs (thin film solar cells) achieved near 4% efficiency (VOC ; 0.342 V, JSC ; 19.8 mA cm-2, FF ; 58.0%) at 600 °C growth temperature and 10 minutes duration.

P-PV-007 055

Development of Silicon Recycling Technology Using

Supercritial CO2 and Hexane

Hyo Seok Lee, Jae Yu Cho, and Jaeyeong Heo*





Since solar modules have a life span of about 25 years, a large amount of waste modules will be discharged in the future and how to handle them is a problem. Most of the metal in the solar module is dependent on imports. If imported metals and silicon recovery technologies are developed from solar cells, which are in increasing demand, import substitution is expected, which is essential technology for strengthening competitiveness in renewable energy sector. In this study, we used supercritical fluid extraction as a recycling method for waste modules. Supercritical fluids are characterized by the simultaneous manifestation of gas and liquid properties when the temperature and pressure above the critical point are applied. We demonstrated that super-critical CO2 extraction method can be effectively used to remove Cu, one of the abundant elements in the module, as well as its oxide form, Cu2O. Especially, we proved that the addition of hexane as co-solvent is effective for the removal

Poster Abstracts 91

of both materials. The optimal ratio of CO2 and hexane was 4:1 at a fixed temperature and pressure of 250°C and 250 bar. In addition, it was proven that the removal of Cu2O was preceded via reduction of Cu2O to Cu.

P-PV-008 056

Development Strategy of Floating Photovoltaic

System for Offshore Environment

Jungsoo Suh*

Green Energy Research Center, KHNP Central Research Institute,



Recently, floating photovoltaic power generation has received a lot of attention among various renewable energy sources. Because they are able to be constructed without considering land availability, which is crucial for farming or the other economic activities. Also, floating photovoltaic power genera-tion plant have many advantages compared to land-based solar plants such as better efficiency of solar panels due to cooling effect of water and less environmental impact.We are considering to extend the installation site for photo-voltaics power plant from fresh water such as lake, pond and reservoir to offshore region. However, most of previous floating photovoltaic system designs are not sufficient for offshore environment. Therefore, we are going to develop new design method considering offshore environment such as wave load and corrosion due to salinity. Development strategy with structural analysis of buoy, supporting structure and mooring line in wave conditions using boundary element and finite element codes and small-scale model test in ocean engineering basin will be introduced in full paper.

P-PV-009 057

Recent Trend of Floating Photovolatics and

Prespective in the South of Korea

SeungWook Shin,*, Chul-sung Lee, MiLan Park, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park





To meet the global demand for energy, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy production will become increasingly important. Based on this demand, the PV market is extended rapidly during last decade located at ground, roof top, canal top, offshore etc. due to the introduction of Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) policy, and studies on alternatives to new energy sources. Recently, the installation of PV in land has been quietly limited due to the environmental destruction, thoughtless development, and acceptance of resident problems. The floating PV systems are the reason-able solution for above mentioned problems. A devolved floating PV system combined between PV plant technology on land and floating technology on water. They include 1) floating system, 2) mooring system, 3) PV system, and 4) underwater cable. Upto now, the floating PV system are

installed approximately 100 MW (global) and 40 MW (domestic). However, the researches of floating PV is initial stage and only few studies for design, installation on water, and operation and maintain issues on floating PV system have been reported. In this study, the domestic evolution, required research field, and perspective of floating PV system will be discussed.

P-PV-010 058

Operational Issues and Prespective for Floating

Photovolatic by Field Investigations


Yoon-Ho Park





The attention in floating photovoltaic (FPV) system, which are combined between PV plant technology on land and floating technology on water, has grown rapidly in recent years due to the only solutions from land installed photo-voltaic (PV), that the installation of PV in land has been quietly limited due to the environmental destruction, thought-less development, and acceptance of resident problems. A devolved FPV system include 1) floating system, 2) mooring system, 3) PV system, and 4) underwater cable, and etc. In the South of Korea, FPV systems have been installed app-roximately 60MW by private business, Korea Water Resource Corporation, Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) and etc., however, the researches of floating PV is initial stage and only few studies for design, installation on water, and operation and maintain issues on floating PV system have been reported. In this study, operational issues and perspective for FPV on reservoir managed by KRC using field investigations process will be presented.

P-PV-011 059

A Study on Efficiency Enhancement Technique on

Solar PV System Using Solar Irridance Model

Prakash Thapa1, Jin Lee1, Soon Youl So1, Sung Gi Kwon1, Kil Ju Na2,

and Gye-Choon Park1,*

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Mokpo National University,

Mokpo, Republic of Korea

2Department of Radiology, Mokpo Science University, Mokpo,

Republic of Korea


Due to the different performance affecting parameters, the efficiency of solar PV system is still very low as compared to other type of renewable energy system. Among the various factors, we are trying to investigate the irradiance effects on solar PV system by using mirror reflection technique. For this purpose, we used semi-circular type solar PV module which has mirror reflecting surface area. By using such type of module, maximum solar irradiance is centralized at the middle area of the panel. So, maximum solar insolation is

92 AFORE 2019

concentrated to the central part of the module. Thus, perfor-mance of the solar module will be increased as a result efficiency of the solar PV system will be increased signifi-cantly. Experimentally, it was found that, efficiency of the solar PV system was improved more than 7.89%.

AcknowledgementThis work was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry

and Energy (MOTIE) through the fostering project of Energy Valley

Industry –University Convergence.

P-PV-012 060

Performance Analysis of Rooftop Photovoltaic

System

Jung-Jae Park1, Juhee Jang2, Minsu Shin2, Tae Wook Kim1,

Sook Kyung Lee1, Chi Yong Park1, and Kyung-Soo Lee2,*

1Green Energy Research Center, New & Renewable Energy Group,


2Department of Energy & Electrical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic

University


It is necessary to maintain the quality of photovoltaic (PV) system and ensure the long-term reliability of power genera-tion by evaluating accurate performance analysis of existing installed PV systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of 100 kW rooftop PV power plant. Based on weather conditions in the area where the roof top PV system is installed, we estimated the PV power generation by PVSYST software. We compared the simulation data and the real data of electricity generated. As a result, we evaluated the performance of PV system using errors between the estimated and actual results, and analyzed the loss of PV system.

P-PV-013 061

The Effect of Ge Doping on Kesterite Solar Cell

Depending on Stacking Order

Byeong Hoon Lee, and Jin Hyeok Kim*




Ge doped Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films were deposited on Mo coted glass using stacked precursors. The Ge nano-layers (~20nm) were deposited using RF sputter with different stacking orders of Cu/Sn/Zn/Ge/glass (A), Cu/Sn/Ge/Zn/glass (B), Cu/Ge/Sn/Zn/glass (C), Ge/Cu/Sn/Zn (D). The stacked precursors were pre-heated using a tube annealing system in Ar atmosphere at 300 °C for 1 hour and these were annealed sequentially using rapid thermal annealing system with selenium powder at 520 °C and initial pressure at 800 Torr for 7.5 min. To identify the effect of Ge stacking order in the metal precursor, we combined the results of X-ray diff-raction, Raman spectroscopy and FE-Scanning electron microscope. We studied how stacking order of Ge affect the crystallization, formation of phase and electrical properties

on kesterite solar cell.

P-PV-014 062

Elucidating the Role of Annealing Temperature on

Stack and Co-Puttered Precursors in CZTSSe Thin

Film Solar Cells

Vijay C. Karade, and Jin Hyeok Kim*



Republic of Korea


Recently, kesterite based thin film solar cells (TFSCs) are greatly acknowledged in the photovoltaic industry for their elemental earth abundance and less toxic approach. Herein we employ co-sputter and stack method to deposit Cu, Zn and Sn precursors and study the alloying behavior with respect to temperature. The chemical, structural, and mor-phological properties of annealed precursors are analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman scattering spectroscopy and scanning electron micro-scopy (SEM). The XRD study reveals, both precursors start to alloy above 400 °C and forms pure CZTSSe phase above 500 °C. The morphological study shows the co-sputtered pre-cursor exhibits homogenous distribution of metallic grains with compact morphology and negligible voids compared to stack. These homogenous and smaller metallic grains start to alloy at 500 °C much faster as compared to stack, which pointedly assists the formation of larger absorber grains. The XRF measurements showed the precursor chemical composition changes with change in annealing temperature. Besides, it also shows increasing Sn loss and high Cu/(Zn+ Sn) ratio with increasing temperature in all sulfo-selenized thin films. The improved morphology of co-sputtered precursor showed over 10 % device efficiency as that of the stack, proving this method can be used to achieve the high efficiency in TFSCs with reduced process time.

P-PV-015 063

Nanostructured Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Thin Film for

Broadband (VIS-NIR) Photodetection

Kuldeep Singh Gour, and Jin Hyeok Kim*

Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center and Department of




Nanostructured materials exhibit broad spectral photodetection, strong light matter interaction and exotic optoelectronic properties compared to their bulk counterpart. To overcome the limitations of silicon based photodetectors, various nano-materials have been investigated. Here we have used indu-strially viable stacked layer reactive sputtering method to grow rice-like nanostructured (rln) Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films. The rln-CZTS film showed optical absorption coeffi-cient one order of magnitude greater than the plain thin films of CZTS. Further, even under zero bias condition,

Poster Abstracts 93

broad spectral response (in visible and near infrared range) was observed. The rise and decay time constants for visible (532 nm) and near infrared (NIR) (1064 nm) light incident were 208 ms, 175 ms and 681 ms, 778 ms, respectively (for 1 mV bias). The improvement in photocurrent has been attributed to enhanced light harvesting due to the presence of nanostructures in thin film. Detectivity of 4.48×108 Jones over a large area was observed indicating that rln-CZTS would be a potential material for other technical appli-cations. Deposition of nanostructured CZTS using industrially viable reactive sputtering with short anneal and fabrication of self-powered broadband photodetection device with low rise and decay time constants are the novelties of this work.

P-PV-016 064

Experimental Study on Energy Saving Potential of

BAPV Systems for Rural Housing

Chul-sung Lee, MiLan Park*, SeungWook Shin, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park*


Republic of Korea


As the temperature in the summer rises due to the effects of climate change, the amount of electric energy consumption associated with building cooling is greatly increasing. In rural houses, power generation systems can be introduced such as building applied photovoltaic (BAPV) or building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) to reduce electricity consum-ption. BAPV is mainly applied to existing rural housing rather than BIPV. BAPV, which is not fully integrated with the building, is usually mounted on the roof for maximum power production and therefore can act as a shade in summer. In other words, the building’s cooling energy consumption can be reduced blocking the amount of solar radiation reaching the roof. This study measured roof temperature with and without the presence of shadows from BAPV and compared difference of temperatures. The results showed that the roof surface temperature of the shaded area by BAPV was much lower than that exposed to the sun. Therefore, this study found that BAPV has a great advantage in terms of cooling energy reduction in rural housing.

P-PV-017 065


P-PV-018 066

Power Generation Monitoring and Prediction

Modeling of Flexible CIGS-PV Modules According

to Meteorological Environments

SangWoon Lee1, Seung Gon Lee1, Jin Hyeon Oh2, Woo-Jin Choi3,

Chang-Sik Son2, and Donghyun Hwang2,*

1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Busan National


2Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University,



Republic of Korea


The conventional market of photovoltaic (PV) systems has been developed around large-scale power plants and general household power generation. Over the last decade, the PV market has been expanded for personal leisure activities and various industrial applications. The market for CIGS and organic PV modules that can be attached to numerous building exterior walls in the city is also receiving much attention. In this study, the power fluctuations of flexible CIGS PV systems were monitored under three different weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy and rainy. The prediction of effective power generation for flexible CIGS PV modules was estimated by ASTM E 1063-96. ASTM E 1063-96, a standard test method (STM) for silicon photo-voltaic modules from the NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) of the United States, is commonly used to deter-mine the energy rating of PV modules among the variety of theoretical models. The results of the I-V characteristics and the maximum power point of the prediction model due to changes in the weather environment showed a tendency to agree well with the data collected in the field. However, it was confirmed that there is a significant error in the variation of the module temperature due to the change in solar radiation.

P-PV-019 067

The Characteristics of CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells

Using Sputtering Based Two-Step Process

Young-Ill Kim1, Dong-Hwan Jeon1, Si-Nae Park1, Se-Yun Kim1,

Dae-Hwan Kim1, Jin-Kyu Kang1, Shi-Joon Sung1, Juran Kim2,

William Jo2, Hyesun Yoo3, JunHo Kim3, Dae-Hwan Kim1,*, and

Kee-Jeong Yang1,*

1Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of

Korea

2Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic

of Korea

3Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon,

Republic of Korea


CIGS thin films were prepared by the two-step processes using stacked metal & compound layers and subsequent selenization. In the first step, CIGS precursors were de-posited on Mo/soda-lime glass by the optional stacking of Cu, Cu0.75Ga0.25, In and Ga2Se3 materials. In the second step, the stacked precursors were annealed for selenization at 480 °C. We investigated the performances of CIGS absorbers from Ga2Se3/In/CuGa/Mo and Ga2Se3/In/Cu/Mo structures. CIGS absorbers showed that higher Ga content is incor-porated into the Mo back contact region. A high Ga dis-tribution near the back of CIGS absorber layers can influence their performances due to Ga-related defects, defect clusters and Eg grading on the depth. Therefore, we compared the defects in the electrical characteristics of CIGS absorbers and solar cells with Eg grading.

94 AFORE 2019

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by Technology Development Program to

Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation of Korea

(NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (2016M1A2A2

936781), by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation

and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy

(MOTIE) (No. 20173010012980).

P-PV-020 068

Influence of Buffer Layer Thickness on

Semi-Transparent Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells

Dong Ryeol Kim1,2, Sang Su Shin1,3, Ara Cho1, Jun-Sik Cho1,

Ahreum Lee1, Jae Ho Yun1, Ho Seong Lee2, and

Joo Hyung Park1,*

1Photovoltaics Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research,


2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National


3Department of Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National



For application to semitransparent Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell as well as reduction of manufacturing cost, ultrathin (< 500 nm) absorber layer on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass are important considering an usual thickness of CIGS absorber, which is around 2 μm. Accordingly, the characteristics of buffer layer to form a p-n junction with ultrathin absorber is need to be re-optimized as the absorber thickness is de-creased. In this work, we investigate ultrathin CIGS solar cells to find the optimal conditions of CdS buffer to form a junction with ultrathin CIGS absorber and the influence of buffer layer by changing the thin-film thickness. The CdS thin-films are synthesized on ultrathin CIGS absorber by using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method and the fabricated solar cells are analyzed using various methods including Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Current density-Voltage (J-V) measurement, External quantum effi-ciency (EQE) and Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) measurements. By analyzing those data, a significant influence of CdS buffer thickness on ultrathin CIGS solar cell performance and photovoltaic parameters are discovered. Especially, the Voc and the FF of ultrathin CIGS solar cell have increased with the optimal CdS buffer layer thickness. Related analysis results and discussions will be presented.

P-PV-021 069

Thickness and Composition Variation Study of

Zn(O, S) Buffer Layer in Semi-Transparent

Ultra-Thin CIGS Solar Cell Structure

Sang Su Shin1,2, Dong Ryeol Kim1,3, Kihwan Kim1, Jinsu Yoo1,

Donghyeop Shin1, Inyoung Jeong1, Seung Kyu Ahn1, Jun-Sik Cho1,

Jihye Gwak1, Jonghoo Park2, and Joo Hyung Park1,*

1Photovoltaics Laboratory, Korea Institution of Energy Research,


2Department of Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National


3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National



Using an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) process, we have grown a Zn(O, S) buffer layer on ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber to fabricate semitransparent CIGS solar cell. Compared to Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD), ALD can be a more suitable deposition method to deposit a thin film with nano-level thickness due to an easy and precise control on composition. In addition, differently from CdS, Zn(O, S) is eco-friendly, non-toxic and tunable band gap material. The band gap of Zn(O, S) can be adjustable by controlling the S/(S+O) ratio and the large band gap Zn(O, S) buffer layer can allow more incoming light down to ~400 nm in wavelength meanwhile a CdS buffer blocks below ~ 500 nm, which is expected to increase short circuit current density. In this study, we apply various thicknesses and com-positions of Zn(O, S) to semi-transparent ultra-thin CIGSe solar cells. As the result of thickness and composition opti-mization, the CIGS solar cell with Zn(O, S) buffer showed a higher efficiency than the solar cell with CBD-grown CdS. The properties of ALD-grown thin-films and the photo-voltaic performances of solar cells are characterized by utilizing UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and a solar simulator pro-viding AM1.5.

P-PV-022 070

Development of BIPV Module for Roof Installation

Based on the Survey on the Installation Type of

Residential PV System

Hwan Ho Kim, Sang Yoon Lee, Hyo Mun Lee, and Jong Ho Yoon*




Currently, the majority of single-family photovoltaic power generation systems in Korea are being installed as BAPV (Building applied PV) type. Since BAPV is installed as an additional structure, it is undesirable compared to BIPV (Building Integrated PV) in terms of structural stability, urban aesthetics, and economical replacement of existing materials. The Korean BIPV commercial products are not being released. Therefore, this study is to develop roof BIPV module suit-able for Korea through field survey on installation type of single-family home roof type and photovoltaic power ge-neration system. Nearly 400 houses in Daejeon noeun con-ducted field surveys on the roofs. Conduct theoretical power generation performance evaluation according to roof shape, bearing, finishing material and color, installation of photo-voltaic power generation system, azimuth and inclination angle, type, capacity and shading, and quantitatively evaluate the impact of power generation performance deterrent factors. According to the field survey, hip roof was 50.1% flat roof 17.7%, gable roof 15.9%, shed roof 12.1%, mensard roof 2.5%, dome roof 1.8%. Photovoltaic systems were installed in 108 households, with 29.3% of the total. Based on the

Poster Abstracts 95

survey results, two types of BIPV modules were designed, fabricated, and applied to the roof type BIPV system accor-ding to domestic conditions.

P-PV-023 071

Development Strategy of Field Test Studies of

Rooftop Photovoltaic System

Jung-Jae Park*, Tae Wook Kim, Sook Kyung Lee, and

Chi Yong Park

Green Energy Research Center, New & Renewable Energy Group,



A large area is needed to install PV power system. In South Korea, the installation of PV power is limited due to the lack of geographical, environmental and technical factors. There-fore, technical trends of PV have changed from the ground type to floating and building integrated type where a large scale of PV power is installed. Because roof-top PV could be step up existing buildings, it can overcome the limitations of installation. Building apply photovoltaics (BAPV) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are innovative technologies that can be installed on the surface of existing buildings. The roof-top PV power can be used in a wide range of applications such as houses, industrial complexes, public institutions, and large sports buildings, since this uses the area of the existing building, and the efficiency of territory can be maximized. In this research, we introduced the development strategy of field test studies of roof-top PV system.

P-PV-024 072

Fabrication and Characterization of Earth-abundant

Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin-film Solar Cells using a

Single-stage Co-evaporation Method: Effects of Film

Growth Temperatures on Device Performances

Muhammad Rehan1,2, Hyeonmin Jeon1,3, Yunae Cho1,

Muhammad Awais1,2, Ara Cho1,2, Kihwan Kim1, Jun-Sik Cho1,

Jae Ho Yun1, Jihye Gwak1,2,*, and Donghyeop Shin1,*





3Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea Advanced

Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


Kesterite-based Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) chalcogenide has recently attracted intensive attentions as one of the most promising photovoltaic absorber because of the non-toxicity and low-cost availability of the constituent elements of this material. Despite the similar characteristics between CZTSSe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe), current CZTSSe solar cells have much lower efficiencies than CIGSe solar cells. Such device performance gap can be explained by several factors such

as the narrow phase stability of quaternary CZTSSe, the existence of other competitive and complex secondary phases and defects which result in high non-radiative recombination, structural inhomogeneity, and local fluctuation of band gap. These factors lead to poor device performance and re-producibility issues. In this work, we studied the impacts of the growth temperature on the structural, morphological and electrical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin-film to produce high-quality CZTSe film. CZTSe films were grown through a single-stage co-evaporation method on the Mo- coated glass substrate at the various substrate temperatures ranging from 380 °C to 480 °C. The morphological and structural properties of CZTSe films were characterized by various analytical tools. Raman data show that as the growth temperature is increased from 380 °C to 480 °C, the intensity of main CZTSe peak becomes stronger and secondary phases such as SnSe or CuSe disappear indicating that the higher growth temperature leads to the formation of single- phase CZTSe films with improved crystallinity. According to SEM images, the film grown at the higher temperature (480 °C) showed denser morphology with significant reduction in surface roughness of the film. Through improvement in CZTSe film quality, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CZTSe solar cell was highly increased due to the reduction in reverse saturation current and higher open circuit voltage among photovoltaic parameters. For deep understanding the impact of growth temperature on the CZTSe device perfor-mance, capacitance-voltage (CV) and derived-level capaci-tance voltage (DLCP) analysis were also performed. Details on material characterization and device fabrication procedures would be discussed. By optimization of device fabrication processes, the PCE 6.05% for best CZTSe solar cell with Voc= 0.42 V, Jsc= 30.77 mA/cm2 and FF= 46.48% was achieved.

P-PV-025 073

Effect of Annealing Conditions for Chalcogenide

Based CTS Thin Film Solar Cells

In Jae Lee, and Jin Hyeok Kim*




*corresponding author ([email protected]), presenting author ([email protected])

Cu2SnS3(CTS) is one of the interesting absorber compound owing to the presence of earth-abundant and nontoxic elements. In the present work, Cu2SnS3(CTS) thin film solar cells have been fabricated using sputtered deposited Cu/Sn metallic precursors on Mo-coated soda lime glass(Mo-SLG) substrate. The metallic precursor thin films are sulfurized in a graphite box containing S powder using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) furnace. The influence of varied sulfurization parameter (pressure 300~500torr) on the CTS thin film pro-perties and its solar cell performance are studied. The morphological, structural and electrical properties of the CTS absorber layer are studied using field-emission trans-mission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), Fluorescence Spec-trometer (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and J-V. The best power conversion efficiency of 2.80 % with a short circuit

96 AFORE 2019

current density of 28.1 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 207.5mV, and fill factor of 48% is obtained.

P-PV-026 074

Effect of Ga Ratio on Transparent Conductive Mg and

Ga Co-doped ZnO(MGZO) Thin Films Prepared by

RF Magnetron Sputtering System for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4

Thin-Film Solar Cells

Dong Min Lee, and Jin Hyeok Kim*




Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) is an attractive alternative to CdTe, CIGS, and silicon-based solar cells. In this study, the Mg and Ga co-doped ZnO(MGZO) thin films that acting as a window layer in CZTSSe TFSCs were optimized to improve the device efficiency. MGZO thin films were deposited on a soda lime glass (SLG) substrate using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering with the varying of the Ga concent-ration. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of MGZO thin films and the effect of CZTSSe TFSC on the efficiency of different Ga concentration were investigated. All of the deposited thin films showed a uniform microstructure, high optical bandgap energy of ~3.73eV with a transmittance of ~88% in the visible region, although they possess comparable resistivity differences. Also trans-mittance of infrared region is increased at nearby 1% Ga concentration. As the Ga concentration increases, the electrical properties of the thin film are greatly increases. On the other hand, MGZO thin films proceeding at low Ga concentration were showed decreased electrical properties with the low resistivity, a low mobility, and a low sheet resistance. These are resulted in improved device efficiency for CZTSSe TFSCs with deposited MGZO window layers due to their superior optoelectronic properties. These results show a very promising TCO materials for CZTSSe TFSCs applications.

P-PV-027 075


P-PV-028 076


P-PV-029 077

The Effect of Atomic Layer Deposition of Zn(O,S)

Buffer Latyer on the Performance of CIGSSE Thin

Film Solar Cell

Woo-Jin Choi1, Jae Hong Park2, Jung Hwan Park2, Chang-Sik Son2,

and Donghyun Hwang2,*


Republic of Korea

2Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Silla University,



Recently, research on the Zn(O,S)thin films as an alternative buffer layer for CIGS thin film solar cells has gained increasing popularity. We report the development of Cd-free buffers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) for Cu(In,Ga) (S,Se)2-based solar cells. The ALD process gives good control of thickness and S/S +O ratio content of the films. The influence of the glow per cycle(GPC) and the S/(S+O) ratio, glass temperature of atomic layer deposited Zn(O,S) buffer layers of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells efficiency are investigated. We present the first results from our work on cadmium-free CIGS solar cells on aperture area 0.4cm2 substrates. These Zn(O,S) layers were deposited by atomic layer deposition at 120°C with S/Zn ratios of 0.7 and layers of around 30 nm. Zn(O,S) 20% (Pulse Ratio : H2S/H2O+ H2S) process gives S/Zn ratio of 0.7. We have achieved independently certified aperture area efficiencies of 17.1% for 0.4 cm2 cells.

P-PV-030 078

Development of Heat Dissipation Solar Module with

Graphite Sheet

Seong Hwan Kang1,2, Jae Woo Park1, Joon Young Kim1,

In Sung Jung1, and Jae Ho Choi1*

1New Renewable Energy Material Development Center of Chonbuk

University.

2Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk University,

Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea


We have developed a photovoltaic module with a graphite sheet to study the improvement of power generation by heat dissipation. Graphite sheet located on the back sheet has excellent thermal conductivity, so you can see the heat dissipation effect. A reference photovoltaic module and a graphite sheet photovoltaic module having a size of 360 mm×380mm were manufactured under the lamination conditions of a temperature of 140°C, a vacuum time of 380 seconds, and a curing time of 660 seconds.A solar simulator was used to analyze the basic room output. Analysis conditions were 25°C, AM 1.5G, 1000W/m2 and secured the reference data. After that, a comparative test of outdoor power generation was conducted. As a result, it was confirmed that the power generation efficiency of the graphite sheet solar module was higher than that of the reference solar module.

P-PV-031 079

Hybrid Nano- and Micro-Scale Metal Fibers for

Transparent Conductor in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film

Solar Cell Applications

Dae-Hyung Cho1,*, Hong Seok Jo2, Woo-Jung Lee1,

Myeong Eon Kim1, Tae-Gun Kim2, Sam S. Yoon2, and

Yong-Duck Chung1,3



Korea

2School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul,

Republic of Korea

Poster Abstracts 97

3Department of Advanced Device Technology, Korea University of



Improving the electrical conductivity of transparent conductors (TC) has been an important issue because the TC largely influences performance of various devices such as solar cells and displays. In this paper, micro-scale Ni fiber and nano-scale Ag fiber are used together as a TC material of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells. Ni fibers were formed on thin indium tin oxide (ITO) film by electrospinning and electroplating processes, and then Ag fibers were prepared by a spraying technique. A PEDOT:PSS solution was spin- coated between Ni fiber formation and Ag fiber formation to improve adhesion between the ITO and the fibers. The electrical conductivity was dramatically improved despite the small loss of optical transmittance. The thin Ag fibers collect the generated electrons and efficiently transport them to the sparsely distributed thick Ni fibers. The effect of the hybrid fiber on the photovoltaic performance of the CIGS solar cells was discussed. We propose that the excellent performance of the hybrid fiber TC materials not only improves the performance of the thin film solar cells but also replaces patterned grid electrodes.

P-PV-032 080

Real-Time Analysis of Temperature/Relative

Humidity in c-Si PV Module under Tropical and

Moderate Climate

Jae Seong Jeong1,*, Sung Hyun Kim1, Hoon Oh2,

Myung Ick Hwang2, and Saiful Huque3


Technology Institute (KETI), Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea

2Photovoltaic R&D Division, Hyundai Energy Solutions Co., Ltd.,


3Institute of Renewable energy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka,

Bangladesh


Increases in internal temperature and ingression of moisture within the c-Si photovoltaic (PV) modules are known to affect various material degradation such as deterioration of encapsulation materials and corrosion of electrodes and ribbon wires. Thus, it is necessary to analyse big data for at least a year on the moisture ingression mechanism within the c-Si PV modules in actual climate conditions (summer, winter, and wet seasons).In this study, the changes in temperature and RH within the c-Si PV modules (glass-EVA-cell-EVA-backsheet) were monitored in real time for one year and the big data was analysed using the Internet of things (IoT) technologies. Internal temperature and RH of the c-Si PV modules were measured by embedding temperature/relative humidity (TH) sensors on flexible PCBs in a 4-cell coupon module (38cm x 38cm). A total of eight sensors were installed at 4.5 cm intervals. The system was configured such that the measured temperature and RH would be first sent to the Raspberry module through I2C, where received data would then be

signal-processed and sent to the monitoring system every 10 seconds through Wi-Fi. The real-time TH monitoring systems for c-Si PV modules were installed at two locations of different climate conditions: South Korea (moderate climate) and Bangladesh (tropical climate). The changes in RH were constant across the entire rear surface of EVA-backsheet. In tropical climate conditions, the annual PV module tempera-tures varied between 15°C and 60°C (morning to noon), while the RH maintained a constant change rate of Δ5% to Δ6% (morning to noon). During the winter season (November to March) of moderate climate conditions when the module temperature is maintained below 25°C, the RH in the PV module maintained a constant change rate of under Δ2% (morning to noon). Conversely, during the mid-season of moderate climate condition when the module temperature is kept above 25°C, the change rate of the relative humidity within the module ranged from Δ5% to Δ6%, the same as in the tropical climate condition. As a result, big data on the changes of internal temperature and relative humidity of the c-Si PV modules was obtained for one year. Simulations were performed using this big data on internal temperature and relative humidity of the c-Si PV module obtained from real-time data collected for one year. From this, the 30-year trend of moisture ingress in the module was predicted

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the “Energy Core Technology Program”

of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning


Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea. (No. 20183010014270) (No.

20183010014300)

P-PV-033 081

Properties of Thermally Evaporated Titanium Dioxide

as an Electron-Selective Contact for Silicon Solar

Cells

Changhyun Lee1, Soohyun Bae1, HyunJung Park1, Dongjin Choi1,

Hoyoung Song1, Hyunju Lee3, Yoshio Ohshita3, Yoonmook Kang2,

Hae-Seok Lee1, and Donghwan Kim1,*



2KU-KIST Green School, Graduate School of Energy and


3Semiconductor Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute,

Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan


Recently, titanium oxide has been widely investigated as a carrier-selective contact material for application to silicon solar cells. Herein, titanium oxide films were fabricated via simple deposition methods involving thermal evaporation and annealing, and the uniformity of the films was confirmed by ellipsometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The phase and chemical composition of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, respectively. The passivation quality of each layer was confirmed by measuring the carrier lifetime using quasi-steady-state photoconductance, providing an implied open circuit voltage (Voc) of 644 mV. UV-vis spectroscopy and UV photoelectron spectroscopy analyses

98 AFORE 2019

demonstrated the band alignment and carrier selectivity of the TiO2 layers. Band offsets of ~0.1 eV and ~2.2 eV relative to the conduction band and the valence band were confirmed for titanium oxide and the silicon interface. Finally, the device characteristics of silicon solar cells employing the oxidized titanium film as an electron-selective layer were evaluated.

P-PV-034 082

Fabrication of Large-Area CIGS Solar Cell to for

Industrial Applications

Soomin Song1, Young-Joo Eo1,2, Kihwan Kim1,2, SeungKyu Ahn1,2,

Jihye Gwak1,2, Ara Cho1,2, Jun-Sik Cho1,2, SeJin Ahn1,2,

DongHyeop Shin1, Inyoung Jeong1, Yunae Cho1, Joo Hyung Park1,2,

Jin Su Yoo1,2, and JaeHo Yun1,2,*



2University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected]) presenting author ([email protected])

The Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2(CIGS) is proven material as an absorber layer for thin film solar cell application because it has direct band gap and optical high absorption coefficient. The CIGS solar cell with soda-lime glass(SLG) substrate was achieved 23.35% of conversion efficiency[1]. To extend PV market to various industries, the developing flexible CIGS solar cell technology is necessary by using bendable, rollable, lightweight characteristics and high efficiency.In this study, the stainless steel(STS) films were used for substrate of flexible CIGS solar cells. The CIGS absorber layer was deposited by thermal-evaporation with 3-stage process. The heat capacity of STS is different that of SLG, which is conventional substrate of CIGS solar cell. Hence, the optimization of Ga grading in CIGS absorber layer and post deposition treatment of alkaline were done to achieve high performance device. Furthermore, the metal electrode pattern was optimized to fabricate sub-module (64cm2). Finally, we achieved the best efficiency of 10.9% with sub-module.

References[1] Martin A. Green, et al., Progress in Photovoltaics, (2019).

P-PV-035 083

Understanding of the Role of Polysilicon Layer in

Passivating Contact Solar Cells

HyunJung Park1, Se Jin Park1, Sohyun Bae1, Ji Yeon Hyun1,

Chang Hyun Lee1, Dongjin Choi1, Dongkyun Kang1, Hyebin Han1,

Yoonmook Kang2, Hae-Seok Lee2, and Donghwan Kim1,2,*



2KU-KIST Green School Graduate School of Energy and



We studied characteristics of polysilicon passivating contact

solar cell, which is consisted of poly-Si/SiOx/c-Si structures. Although passivating contact has begun to attract many researchers’ interests and showed high efficiency since it was first announced, it still has some parts that have not been clearly understood. Thus, our study aimed to under-stand the role of polysilicon layer in passivating contact solar cell. For experiments, several materials and fabrication properties was controlled such as doping method, annealing condition, polysilicon thickness and doping concentration. Our observations indicated that in-diffusion of Phosphorus from polysilicon into crystalline silicon critically decreases the implied open circuit voltage (iVOC), while gettering increases iVOC. This means that thick, highly doped poly-Si is needed for high iVOC; however, this also causes light absorption loss which decreases short circuit current(JSC). Thus, we applied a new process to fabricate highly doped, thin polysilicon contact, with high iVOC, which is the etch- back of polysilicon layer after high-temperature annealing and hydrogenation. Using this etch-back process, the iVOC remained at its original value until polysilicon is almost fully etched, and improved efficiency of 20.59% was achieved from 20.48% by improvement of JSC with constant VOC and fill factor.

P-PV-036 084

Effect of Na in Improvement in Morphology and

Electrical Parameters of Solution-Processed CuInSe2

(CISe) Solar Cell Devices

Yasir Siddique1,3, Jihyun Moon1,2, Tanka Raj Rana1, Byungsung O2,

Seung Kyu Ahn1, and SeJin Ahn1,3*

1Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Korea

2Chungnam University, Daejeon, Korea

3University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea


Na doping in solution-processed Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells has not only caused to increase in open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) but also enhancement in short circuit current density (JSC) as opposed to vacuum-processed CIGSe devices in which Na only improves VOC and FF. In addition, this improvement in VOC, FF in parameters of solution-processed CISe solar cells were reportedly not related to the change in carrier concentration which is the most prevailing explanation of Na induced efficiency im-provement in vacuum-based devices. This implies that the Na-based increment in efficiency between solution-processed and vacuum-based devices has significantly different origin. Here, we report our finding on the reason for the Na-induced improvement in device parameters of nanoparticle-derived CISe devices. It was found that Na indeed improved efficiency but it is not related to carrier concentration change instead main reason for VOC increase is reduced interfacial recombination due to their reduction of surface defects. At the same time, morphological change in the bottom fine- grained layer to large-grained layer which increased effective collection length which ultimately increased JSC. With all these findings, we were able to achieve 12.83% efficient CISe solar cell which can be compared with current world record efficiency of solution-processed CISe devices.

Poster Abstracts 99

P-PV-037 085

Silver-PDT Effect on Co-Evaporated CIGS

IGS(Cu(In,Ga)Se2) Thin Film Solar Cells

Jiseon Hwang1,4, Yunae Cho1, Jae Ho Yun2,3, Young-Joo Eo1,3,

Jihye Gwak1,3, Ara Cho1,3, Joo Hyung Park1, Se Jin Ahn1,3,

Jin Su Yoo1,3, Seung Kyu Ahn1,3, Jun Sik Cho1,3, Kihwan Kim1,3,*, and

Kyuseung Han4



2New and Renewable Energy Institute, Korea Institute of Energy




4Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry,

Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected], [email protected]),presenting author ([email protected])

There have been increasing interests of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells due to their high energy conversion efficiency among thin film solar cells. CIGS thin film solar cells consist of several layers and resulting interfaces, whose optical and electrical properties can greatly affect the per-formance of the devices. Recently, the device performances of CIGS thin film solar cells have been markedly improved by means of alkali (Na, K, Rb, or Cs) post-deposition treat-ment (PDT). In this work, we attempted to improve the micro-structure and device performances of CIGS solar cells using a silver(Ag)-PDT instead of the conventional alkali-PDT because Ag addition into CIGS is believed to provide multiple benefits in terms of reducing electronic/structure imperfections and controlling band alignment in the vicinity of the CdS/CIGS junction.The CIGS films were prepared by conventional three-stage co-evaporation and then silver (0~0.01 at %) was applied to the CIGS films. We investigated the structural properties and device performances of CIGS solar cells with and without Ag PDT. The Ag-PDT appeared to induce reduced structural/ electronic disorders, and therefore increased open circuit voltage from the resulting devices has been obtained. Finally, the CIGS film quality investigated through adjustment of the Ag content compared with a CIGS solar cell without Ag-PDT.

P-PV-038 086

Mecanism Study of Buffer Layer in CIGS Solar Cells

Donghyeok Shin1,2, Soomin Song1, Ju Hyung Park1,

Inyoung Jeong1, Seung Kyu Ahn1, Sangmin Lee1, SeJin Ahn1,

Jae Ho Yun1, Jihye Gwak1, Young-Joo Eo1, Jun Sik Cho1,

Jin Su Yu1, Kihwan Kim1, Donghyeop Shin1, Yonggook Son2, and

Ara Cho1,3,*

1Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, Republic of

Korea

2Busan University, Busan, Republic of Korea

3University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Thin film solar cells of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 have been achieved high efficiency (ZSW: 21.7%) with CdS buffer layer. CdS buffer between the absorber layer and the window layer were fabricated using chemical bath deposition(CBD). Due to the environmental aspect, the toxic Cd element should be replaced to different materials. As a new alternative to CdS, non-toxic Zn(S,O,OH) has been spotlighted with a relatively high bandgap (3.7 ~ 3.8eV) and Cd-free material. In this study, Zn (S, O, OH) films were grown on CIGS thin films by CBD method. The CBD method can easily access the deposition of various materials at low temperatures. In addition, since the process is simple and inexpensive, it is possible to deposit a large area sample, which is the best method for manufacturing a solar cell. In particular, it can passivate ununiform surface of the absorber for removing shunt paths and pin holes. Also, buffer layer thickness affect to the efficiency of CIGS solor cell. It shows that the thickness control of the buffer layer is important. Therefore, QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) was used to measure the thickness of CBD-ZnS. Accordingly, the CIGS thin film solar cell with Zn based buffer will be examined and the mechanism will be analyzed and discussed.

PN : Policy Strategy&New Business

P-PN-001 087

Investigations on New On-Shore Wind Farm Sites

Using Geographic Information System

Sajid Ali1,2, and Choon-Man Jang1,2,*

1Construction Environment Engineering, University of Science &


2Department of Land, Water and Environmental Research, Korea


Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected])presenting author ([email protected])

Korea government has tried to reduce the import of fossil fuels which costed around 94.5 billion USD in 2015. The present study explores new on-shore wind farm sites in the country utilizing advanced mapping tools such as geographic information system (GIS). Seven different site selection criteria, including the slope of the land, the distance to roads and wind potential are considered. Similarly, seven different types of land zones where it is impossible to build a wind farm, commonly known as “restricted areas”, such as military zones, wetlands, etc., were also considered and excluded from the study area. Wind farm suitability maps were generated covering the entire country which indicated the best locations for constructing new wind farms. However, top ten sites were also highlighted based on the overall highest criteria score. The analysis showed that all the sites have excellent wind conditions, and they are also economically feasible. Parameters such as annual energy production, capacity factor, levelized cost of electricity and net present value have been estimated for each site, using five different wind turbines.

100 AFORE 2019

AcknowledgementThis study was supported with major project funding from the Korea

Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology.

P-PN-002 088

An Analysis on Relationships between Renewable

Energy Utilization and GDP: Comparative Study

between Indonesia and South Korea

Desy Caesary1, Sang-Don Lee2, Seo Young Song1, Soo Jin Jang1,

and Myung Jin Nam1,*

1Department of Energy and Mineral Resource Engineering,

Geophysical Prospecting Lab, Sejong University, Republic of

Korea

2INNOGEO Technologies Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea

*corresponding author ([email protected],[email protected])

Indonesia highly depends on fossil fuel for energy demand, being an energy importer country with high emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). As a substitution for the high fossil fuel consumption, Indonesian Government has been encouraged and attempted to utilize more renewable energy, especially in electricity sector, thanks to its abundant poten-tial resource. Revised National Energy Plan of Indonesia expects higher contribution of renewable energy up to 23%, while reduced consumption of fossil fuel by 2025. This study aims to analyze the impacts of renewable and fossil fuel energy consumptions on both economic growth and amount of carbon emission in Indonesia. Relationships of GDP with not only fossil fuel but also renewable energy consumptions are analyzed using various methods including Granger-test method. Further, comparison of policies in case of South Korea is also made to present impacts of difference policies on not only the current renewable energy utilization but also the economic growth. In addition, analysis on electricity market structure of Indonesia is made to understand any possible obstacles in enhancing the re-newable energy utilization and providing some policy re-commendation in Indonesia.

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the Energy Efficiency & Resources of



Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (No. 20194010201920).

P-PN-003 089

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and

Adaptation Measures of Korean Industries

Kyung Soon Park1, Seung Jun Park2, In Chul Hwang3,

Seong Kon Lee4,*, and Jung Hoon Park5,*

1CDM Certification Center, Korea Energy Agency, Ulsan, Korea

and Department of New & Renewable Energy Engineering,

Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Energy Technology Team, Incheon Regional Headquarter, Korea

Energy Agency and Department of New & Renewable Energy

Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

3Department of New & Renewable Energy Engineering, Dongguk




5Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk



The importance of adaptation to climate change as well as mitigation of climate change is globally emphasized, and the damage caused by anomaly has become serious, increasing the need to identify vulnerability of industries to climate change and strengthen response capabilities. A combination of top-down approach and bottom-up approach has been used to strengthen the adaptation capabilities of Korean industries. Top-down approach involves the climate change impact assessment based on IPCC climate models and scenarios. In addition, climate change vulnerability and risk assessment using location-based evaluation indicators and tools, as well as establishment of adaptation measures through consulting and training have been used as bottom-up approach. The industrial climate change vulnerability and risk assessments comprises of vulnerability assessments that evaluate the extent or nature of vulnerability to climate change, and risk assessments that evaluate potential impacts and risks that Korean companies can face associated with climate change. Vulnerable and high-risk factors are derived from such assessment, and, as a result, the development of evaluation indicators for fifteen industries has been completed till 2018. The industrial climate change vulnerability assessment and adaptation diagnosis evaluation tool is comprised of self-diagnosis function and information sharing function of best practices for adaption measures. Currently, 80 companies have used the tool. The result of this on-going program can provide fundamental data and framework for the development of strategic measures of industrial sector for adaption to future climate change risks.

AcknowledgementThis research is carried out by Korea Energy Agency’s commissioned

research task (20190436613-00 Ho) and KIER’s basic R&D fund

(B9-2462-01).

P-PN-004 090

The Resident Acceptability for Photovoltaic System in

Rural Site by Survey Analysis Method

MiLan Park*, SeungWook Shin, Chul-sung Lee, Juhyun An, and

Yoon-Ho Park





In this study, we classified and analyzed the type and cause of resident conflicts and made a solution at side of resident through resident survey study for research subjects located at photovoltaic system will be installed or not. The factors of resident conflicts based on news media release from 2006 to 2018 were classified to four types such as economic,

Poster Abstracts 101

environmental, technological and procedural factors. Accor-ding to the news analysis, the types and proportion of resident conflicts in the photovoltaic system projects showed 33% of economic factors, 32% of environmental factor, 21% of technological factor and 14% of procedural factor. This news analysis may suggest that it is very important residents to share the economic benefits as well as to ensure the fairness of the procedures for carrying out the project based on transparent information disclosure during the business promotion and profit distribution stages. We conducted the poll survey in the rural towns where photo-voltaic system will be installed or not. The poll survey results showed that (i) there is quite difference in agreement rate and other recognition for sensitive matters such as profit distribution, environmental and technological factors whether photovoltaic system will be installed or not, (ii) the resident conflict regarding the photovoltaic system installation can reduce through direct involvement of residents process. To solve these resident conflicts, the local governments should mainly effort and consider the supporting technologies and consults to solve clearly resident conflicts. In addition, it has to advertise the safety of photovoltaic systems regarding electromagnetic wave which were within the range of scientifically harmless to the human body.

P-PN-005 091

Analysis of Climate Technology & Finance

(Mitigation field) - in Relation to Multilateral

Development Banks

Joo Young Lee, and Su Hyeon Han*


Republic of Korea


This paper looks at the current state of multilateral develop-ment banks(MDBs) for climate change measures and the funding status of that invested by mitigation technology in order to briefly review the current outcome of the technology transfer and financial support. The total amount of the MDBs support from 2003 to 2018, which is subject to the MDBs survey, was $ 226,997 million and was counted as 2528 projects. According to the technology classification results of each project, $ 90 million was invested in average by technology, $ 48,991 million was invested in renewable energy and $ 119,310 million was invested in energy demand, which was 74% of the total investment. In terms of the number of projects, IDB and WB’s investment in renewable energy, ADB and IDB’s investment in energy demand accounts for high portion. At the beginning of the investment, there was a lot of general climate related policy support, and since then, it has expanded to various technology fields centered on renewable energy investment, and the proportion of renewable energy and energy demand is steadily increasing every year.

P-PN-006 092

The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources

in the Asia-Pacifc Region

Youngsun Kim*, and Sanghoon Ji

Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea




The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was adopted at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015. These 17 SDGs ask all developed and developing countries for their immediate action to eradicate poverty, improve health and education, stimulate economic growth, reduce inequality etc. Of 17 SDGs, there are 2 goals primarily focused on climate change and water related issues: SDG 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all) and SDG 13(Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts). Each goal has its own targets with global indicators, which contain the annual data across the world and these data are available to the public. In this study, therefore, the progress of SDG 6 and 13 in the Asia-Pacific countries most vulnerable to climate change has been tracked by analyzing their global indicators, respectively in order to better understand the impacts of climate change on their water resources and provide adequate financial and technical assistance to them.

AcknowledgementThis research was carried out as a part of “A study on establishing

strategic plan for KICT’s climate change R＆D project (grant number

20190127-001)” and “Development of the Global Water Atlas for

responding to climate change (grant number 20190404-001)” funded

by the Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea.

P-PN-007 093

A Financial Analysis of Roof Solar Photovoltaic

Power Generation Using CIGS

Taewook Kim*

New and Renewable Energy Group, Central Research Institute,

KHNP, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


A Financial analysis of roof solar photovoltaic power genera-tion using CISGS was conducted. Among the assumptions used in the financial analysis, SMP and REC prices were cited by the Korea Institute of Electrical Engineers’ report. As a result of applying 80% of investment cost and 4% interest rate, IRR was more than 10%, which is higher than required interested rate of return 6.2%. However, the REC prices applied in the financial analysis was higher than the actual price, and further analysis was performed using the revised results. Also, sensitivity analyses on changes in investment cost, sales, operating cost, and ratios of borrowing were performed.

P-PN-008 094

A Comparative Analysis of Relative Weight between

Criteria to Be Applied in the Selection of New Project

of the Regional Energy Plan

Seongkon Lee1,*, Kwangho Lee2, Gento Mogi2, and Youngjin Ha1

102 AFORE 2019



2Department of Technology Management for Innovation, The

University of Tokyo, Japan


The Regional energy plan has established for the development of regional energy industry and enhancing energy welfare for local residents every five years. In addition, regional energy act was changed and all local governments’ regional energy plans should be renowned in January 2020. In this research, we make a short list of criteria and analyze the comparative analysis of relative weight between them according to the upper and lower tier. Upper-tier criteria accounts for local characteristics, market, and government policy. Lower-tier criteria include 8 sub-criteria. We execute the expert’s survey with pairwise comparisons of criteria considering consistency ratio check. We also carried out the sensitive analysis of the criteria that make a relative com-parison of each criterion with the change of weights. The research results will provide local energy planner with the idea for selecting new project of the regional energy plan considering regional energy environment and sustainable development of local government.

AcknowledgementThis research is carried out by KIER’s basic R&D fund(B9-2462-01)

and external business project(B9-5511).

P-PN-009 095

Technical Classificaion Reflecting Energy Industry

Characteristics in Case of Energy Efficiency Sector

Seongkon Lee*, Kyeongtaek Kim, Woonho Baek, Ran Yoo,

Jeeyoung Choi, and Jiseok Ahn

Energy Policy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research,



The importance and role of energy technology are increasing to address the issue of climate change, realized the Govern-ment’s RE3020, and cope with sustainable development. As the importance of energy technology increases, the amount of information about energy technology has been greatly increased. In this research, we propose technical classification of energy efficiency sector considering energy industry characteristics. We also investigated technical classifications related to domestic and international cases. The results will be applied to implementing a data warehouse for managing energy technology data including corporate status, sales status, workforce status, technology level status, law and regulation status.

AcknowledgementThis research is carried out by KIER’s external business project fund

(B9-4353).


P-SH-001 096



Jungwan Park*, Jin Woo Yang, and Koon Jang


Korea


Flow induced vibrations in a Francis turbine originate from various physical mechanisms. One of them is the pressure fluctuation in flows. Most of the pressure fluctuations in the turbine does not affect the mechanical structure so that it does not develop meaningful vibration in the system. Some of them need to be noticed for the relationship with mecha-nical vibrations. Finite number of blades and rotor-stator interactions are well known causes for the pressure fluc-tuations. Another reason for the fluctuation is the hydraulic surge in the draft tube of a turbine on partial load operation. These pressure fluctuations can interact with mechanical components in the turbine which leads to system vibrations. However, it is not easy to investigate the root causes for these kinds of vibration in the system when measurement of the vibration can be conducted in the field. We introduce a Lab. test method to investigate the root causes of the flow induced vibrations and suggest a proper method to evaluate the source of the vibration in the field.

ST : Solar Thermal

P-ST-001 097


P-ST-002 098

Techno-Economic Analysis of Integrated Renewable

Energy Systems with Energy Storage Systems for Plus

Energy Communities

Min Hwi Kim*, and Jongkyu Kim

Solar Thermal Convergence Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy



This paper proposed renewable energy systems integrated with various energy storage systems for a net plus energy community. The plus energy community is composed of the zero energy solar house (ZeSH), ZeSH-2, energy-plus house, and plus energy building for childcare center and office. These four buildings are located on Daejeon in South Korea. The plus energy building will be constructed, three existing buildings would be remodeled for positive energy generation buildings, and then the plus energy community will be organized. The major components of the hybrid renewable energy systems are photovoltaic system, hydrogen electrolyzer and fuel cells, and solar thermal system. The energy storage


systems are composed of the electric energy storage system (ESS), hydrogen storage tank, and seasonal thermal energy storage. Through the simulation, the on-site electrical energy matching (OEFe) and payback period were estimated and compared to the conventional systems and integrated hybrid systems. In order to evaluate the electric energy fraction and matching performance of the system configurations, four simulation cases were conducted. It was found that the OEFe were significantly increased by integration of various energy storage systems.

AcknowledgementThis work is supported by the Korean Institute of Energy Technology

Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) of the Republic of Korea (No.

20192710100280).

P-ST-003 099

A Study on the Dehumidifying System for Green

House

Sueng Gun Hyun1, Jong Woo Kim1, Kwang Soo Ko1, And

Youn Cheol Park2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Jeju


2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University,

Jeju, Republic of Korea


This study was conducted to combine various heat source from the environment such as stored heat in the greenhouse itself, air and direct solar radiation from the sun. The system was combined with ICT-based smart farm technology that can control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. It was developed a technology to improve agricultural productivity through facility at the horticulture area. It can be control internal temperature and humidity to reduce the utility cost of facility horticulture. The temperature difference between at the top and bottom of the greenhouse can be achieved around 8°C in the daytime. The heat comes from the sun in the upper part was stored at daytime, and it will be used when the green house demand heating at night through a thermal storage operation of heat pump system. The heat at top side of the greenhouse was used as the heat source of the heat pump and it could be stored to the storage tank. When the heating operation is started at night, the system uses hot water in the storage tank. If the green house demand a dehumidification, an auxiliary evaporator of the heat pump system generates dehumidified air by increasing the temperature via the heat exchanger. As results, the utility costs (energy costs) of the system can be reduced about 80.2% compared to the conventional boiler’s.

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation

for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry(IPET) through

Agriculture and Livestock Machinery/Equipment Industry Technology

Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and

Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(grant number: 119087-2)

P-ST-004 100

Renewable Energy Implementation Potential of Zero

Energy Community for Smart City

Min-Hwi Kim1,*, Jae-ho Yun2, and Jongkyu Kim1

1Solar Thermal Convergence Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy


2New and Renewable Energy Institute, Korea Institute of Energy



Recently, the South Korean government confirmed the plan to develop smart cities choosing Sejong and Busan as test beds. This paper demonstrated the renewable energy imple-mentation potential of zero energy community for smart city. For the case study, the Busan Eco Delta Smart City which is an innovative smart-city project in Korea focused on the sustainability is selected. For evaluating the renewable energy implementation potential of the smart city, the three steps were progressed. First, the thermal load and electric load of the buildings are estimated via previous experimental data. This paper classified three different buildings: such as residential building, non-residential building, and research and development center. Second, the PV installation and electric energy generation potentials are also investigated via smart city project master plan for buildings. And then, the zero energy smart city potential of the selected smart city was investigated. For investigating the zero energy rates of the smart city, the commercial software was selected. From the selected data, the energy use intensity of the residential building, non-residential building, and research and development center are 37 kWh/m2, 150 kWh/m2, and 179 kWh/m2, respectively. The entire electric energy consum-ption of the selected city was estimated at 779.5 GWh. Consequently, the zero energy rates of the selected smart city can be reached at 6.1% to 54.6% depending on the 10% to 90% of roof available area per total roof area.

AcknowledgementThis work is supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure

Technology Advancement (KAIA) grant funded by the Ministry of

Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Grant 19PIYR-B153277-01).

P-ST-005 101



P-WU-001 102

Comparison of Biogas Productivity between Practical

and Theoretical Methodology in Biogasification of

Organic Wastes

Hee Sung Moon, Jun Hwa Kwon, Won Seok Lee, Sun Kyung Shin,

and Dong Jin Lee*




Biogasification by Anaerobic digestion is one of a technology

104 AFORE 2019

that converts organic waste into renewable energy. Biogas produced by biogasification is a fuel composed of about 60% CH4 and about 30% CO2. Direct landfilling and marine dumping of organic wastes were prohibited in 2005 and 2013. Because of stable disposal and biogas production as renewable energy, biogasification by anaerobic digestion is highlighted.In this study, the full-scale biogasification facilities actually operated in Korea were targeted. The amounts converted into biogas by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes were calculated by practical and theoretical methodologies and compared. As practical methodology, the actual amount of biogas produced in the biogasification facilities was calculated using the actual amount of organic waste disposed. Also, amount of biogas produced in theoretical methodology is calculated by digestion efficiency considered VS and FS of organic waste, type of digester, ect. As a result, it is possible to figure out the proper operation and efficiency of the bio-gasification facility by practical and theoretical methodologies. Then, it can be used as one of the factor for more stable operation of biogasification facilities.

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of

Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment

(MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIER-2019-01-01-045).

P-WU-002 103

Assessement of Operating for Eco-Friendly Heating

System Using Waste Cooking Oil and Analysis of

Greenhouse Gas Emission in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Hyung Don Lee1,*, Hyouk Jin Yun2, In Seok Yun2, and

Seong Wan Yun2

1Water Environment Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Seoul,

Republic of Korea

2Institute of Technology, FLINT LAB, Seoul, Republic of Korea


Air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia were serious problem due to population concen-tration, transportation, and heating by low coal in Ger area. Therefore, Mongolia government passed a bill about banning the use low coal in Ger area for solution of air pollution and greenhouse gas problem in this year. The heating by low coal in Ger area were impossibility, they need to use alter-native energy requisitely for heating in winter in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. In hence, we developed eco-friendly heating system using waste cooking oil to replace traditional heater, and supplied one hundred at Ger area in Ulaanbaatar. We conducted field test for 3 months in Ger test-bed and residential area, and secured experimental data such as fuel consumption, heating capacity, noise, odor, and user survey. Finally, we evaluated greenhouse gas emission using IPCC guideline and experimental measured value in comparison with traditional heater at Ger area in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

P-WU-003 104

A Preliminary Thermo-Economic Assessment of

sCO2 Power Cycle for Waste Heat Utilization Using

Dry Cooling

Hafiz Ali Muhammad1,2, Beomjoon Lee2, Junhyun Cho2,

Gilbong Lee2, and Young-jin Baik1,2,*

1Dept. of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and


2Energy Efficiency and Material Research Division, Korea Institute



Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle (sCO2) has con-sidered as a viable power cycle technology for harnessing low to mid temperature heat sources with high efficiency and compact footprint. Recently, sCO2 cycles has considered promising cycle for the concentrating solar power (CSP) applications. The high efficiency is achieved by doing com-pression process near the critical point (31.10 °C and 7.39 MPa), where the CO2 liquid like behavior dominates and the required compression power reduces. However, if the ambient temperatures are much higher than the critical temperature, then the CO2 compression process deviates towards gaseous compression which poses a penalty on the cycle power generation and efficiency. Therefore, at higher ambient temperature, we proposed and designed a heat- pump (HP) system that serve as the heat sink for the sCO2 cycle. Using the heat-pump the cooling of CO2 ¬can be done at temperature lower than the ambient temperature in the evaporator of the heat-pump. The refrigeration cycle of the heat pump refrigerant which absorbed heat from CO2, is completed by compressing and adjusting the refrigerant to reject its heat to the ambient. The results showed lowering the cooling temperature using the heat-pump can considerable increase the performance of the proposed cycle. The economic assessment of the proposed system is also being carried out to ascertain the superiority of the proposed system.

P-WU-004 105

A Case Study on the Incombustibles of Industrial

Wastes Sent into Incineration Facilities in Korea

Won-Seok Yang, Kyuyeon Kim*, Gyung-Goo Choi, Su-Young Lee,

Jun-Gu Kang, Won-Seok Lee, and Sun-Kyoung Shin




Generally, the industrial wastes that are brought into the incineration facilities are as varied as the source. The wastes sent into the incineration plant need to be pretreated and mixed before putting into incinerator to ensure uniform combustion conditions. In this study, for enhancement of the incineration capacity of waste incineration facilities in Korea, the characteristics of the mixed waste brought into the incineration facilities were investigated in Korea. The physical and chemical composition, incombustibility ratio, proximate analysis, calorific value, and the generation of incineration ash were investigated in several incineration facilities in Korea. The reduction effect of incineration ash and the variation of calorific value were evaluated through


the pretreatment and separation of the incombustible portion.

P-WU-005 106

Recycling and Separation of Landfill Excavation

Containing Combustible Waste in Korea

Su-Young Lee, Kyuyeon Kim*, Gyung-Goo Choi, Won-Seok Yang,

Won-Seok Lee, and Sun-Kyoung Shin




The study is carried out to understand proper separating systems and resource recovery of excavated materials con-taining waste from various excavating fields in Korea. The current status and relative standards, management technology and screening process and analytical characteristics of the excavated materials containing waste were reviewed. Through the analysis of the samples such as separated combustibles, recyclable soils and residues collected from the on-site visits we were able to understand the characteristics of separated materials and excavated materials containing waste such as calorific value, elementary composition, TOC, foreign material content and LOI. There were about 150 excavation cases of landfilled materials containing waste. The separating processes mainly consist of size sorting process for soil and rocks and plastic sorting process for film-like combustible fractions. For efficient management and recycling of excavated materials containing, it is necessary to set criteria of ash content in separated combustibles and criteria organic matter content in separated soils in Korea.

P-WU-006 107

The Study of Pilot Scale Thermal Plasma Combustion

and Gasification System for Waste Plastic Treatment

in Cement Process

Kyu Hang Lee, Tae Wook Kim, Pil Jung Kim, Soo Min Lee, and

Byung Koo Son*

Division of Plasma Convergence R&BD, Cheorwon Plasma

Research Institute, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea


Plastic is a useful material used in all fields of industry such as automobiles, electricity, electronics, and construction, while the recovery rate for recycling waste plastics is about 25% worldwide, and the remaining resources are processed by incineration or landfilling. Economic loss caused by environmental pollution and disposal of available resources. The cement industry is an energy-intensive industry, which requires a lot of thermal energy to manufacture cement, and uses a large amount of fossil fuel as its main fuel. To reduce this, flammable waste is used as auxiliary fuel in cement manufacturing process. By recycling waste as fuel, we can reduce the amount of fossil fuel used to reduce the budget and reduce air pollution. In this study, we developed a pilot- scale thermal plasma gasification and combustion system of 50 ton / day and applied it to the cement manufacturing process. The gasification and combustion combined system

consists of a quantitative fuel feeder, a reactor, and a DC plasma torch. By applying a DC thermal plasma torch as a heat source, it minimizes tar generation by maintaining a high temperature for a short time. Waste plastic was treated at 2.0 ton / hr in the actual process. Gas analysis confirmed that gasification occurred, and pollutant gases emitted to the atmosphere were below environmental regulations. Gas analysis confirmed that gasification took place and pollutant gases emitted to the atmosphere were below environmental regulations.

P-WU-007 108

CFD Study on the Entrained Flow Gasification of

Bio-Oil

Myung Kyu Choi, Jae Gyu Hwang, Dong Hyuk Choi,

Seong Wan Hong, Seung Hyeon Hong, and Hang Seok Choi*




Biofuel is attractive as a renewable energy because of its sustainability, carbon-neutral, etc. Bio-oil, one of the biofuels, can be produced through the fast pyrolysis of biomass. It has higher energy density compared with solid biomass, and is convenient for storage and transportation. This bio-oil can be utilized in industry such as heat and power as well as chemical resources. Among them, one application of bio-oil as a feedstock is syngas production by gasification. Bio-oil can be converted into high-quality syngas through the gasi-fication process, which has a small amount of impurities. Generally, syngas means a fuel gas mixture consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and etc. Especially, hydrogen can be used for fuel cell power generation. The bio-oil gasification process consists of the injection of bio-oil, atomization of the injected bio-oil, vaporization of atomized oil droplets, and a gasification reaction by mixing the vaporized oil and oxidants. Until now, several researchers have studied bio-oil gasification by experiment but compu-tational analysis using CFD simulations has not been fully performed.For these reasons, in the present study, CFD simulation of bio-oil gasification in an entrained flow gasifier was carried out using the computational fluid dynamics code, STAR- CCM+. The feedstock is the bio-oil derived from the fast pyrolysis of domestic larch sawdust. The entrained flow gasifier used in this simulation was a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 140 cm. In the present numerical method, a droplet vaporization model was con-sidered and complex gasification reaction mechanisms were adopted. In this gasification process, the performance of the spraying nozzle is very important for the gasification system performance. Hence, first, the spraying characteristics of bio-oil by twin fluid atomizer nozzle were studied. Then, the multi-phase reacting flow field was calculated with respect to reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, oxidant equivalence ratio (lower than theoretical oxidant for complete combustion). Finally, the optimum conditions of bio-oil gasification were scrutinized through the product gas dis-tribution, cold gas efficiency, and H2/CO ratio.

106 AFORE 2019

AcknowledgementThis study was carried out with the support of ´R&D Program for

Forest Science Technology (Project No. "2017052C10-1919-BB02)´

provided by Korea Forest Service(Korea Forestry Promotion Institute).

And this work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy

Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) and the Ministry of

Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea(No.

20184030202240)

P-WU-008 109

Fast Pyrolysis of Coffee Ground in a Bench-Scale

Tilted-Slide Reactor

Yong Su Kwon1, Sang Kyu Choi1,2,*, Yeon Seok Choi1,2,

So Young Han2, Seock Joon Kim2, and Yeon Woo Jeong2

1Department of Environment and Energy Mechanical Engineering

University of Science and Technology Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Department of Clean Fuel & Power Generation Korea Institute of

Machinery & Materials Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Fast pyrolysis is the one of the thermochemical conversion methods of biomass that is increasing in usage of renewable energy. Fast pyrolysis decomposes the biomass in the anaerobic condition around the temperature of 500°C. Then, the product from the fast pyrolysis is in liquid phase and generally called bio-oil, bio-crude oil, or pyrolysis oil. In previous study, a tilted-slide reactor with a biomass feeding capacity of 20kg/hr was developed and the optimum tem-perature for maximum bio-crude oil yield has been investi-gated for various types of biomasses including sawdust, coffee ground, and palm kernel shell. However, the optimum conditions to obtain the not only bio-crude oil yield but also maximum energy efficiency in our pilot plant are still remained to be examined. In this study, we have conducted experiment using scaled-down plant by one-tenth of the capacity of the previously researched 20kg/hr-scale pilot plant in order to find optimum conditions. Initial preliminary experiments were carried out at the temperature of 550°C, and the bio-crude oil yield and fuel consumption were compared to previously researched 20 kg/hr-scale pilot plant. After the stabilization, we will be able to find the optimum conditions, such as the yields in various temperature ranges and in various types of biomasses, which was difficult to carry out in a large scale reactor.

P-WU-009 110

A Study on the Melting Characteristics of Sweage

Sludge under Oxygen Enrichment Conditions

Young Su Park*, Yong Taek Lim, Soo Nam Park, Dong Kyu Park,

Dong Ju Kim, and Bup Mook Jeong

Plant Engineering Center, Institute for Advcanced Engineering,

Youngin, Republic of Korea


Recently, the demand for sludge recycling technology is increasing due to the prohibition of dumping of sewage

sludge and the enforcement of the framework act on resource circulation. Among sewage sludge recycling technologies, there is increasing interest in melting technology that can stabilize heavy metals in sludge. Sewage sludge is melted at a high temperature of more than 1,400 and then converted to slag after cooling. The generated slag can be recycled into aggregate and functional blocks. However, it is difficult to secure economic feasibility of existing melting technology due to high energy consumption. In general, air and pure oxygen are used as oxidants in sewage sludge melting systems. The use of air as an oxidant has a large amount of fuel to maintain the melting temperature, and also increases the capacity of the flue gas treatment facility due to nitrogen in the air. On the other hand, when pure oxygen is used as an oxidant, it is difficult to secure economic feasibility due to high oxygen production costs. In this study, we evaluated the sewage sludge melting characteristics according to oxygen enrichment rate, ER and oxygen distribution rate. As a result, the average combustion efficiency and slag rate of sewage sludge were 95.3% and 88.03%, respectively.

AcknowledgementThis study was funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)

as “The Waste to Energy Technology Development Program”. (2018

001570002)

P-WU-010 111

A Study on Melting Properties of Sludge by Basicity

Bup Mook Jeong, Dong Ju Kim, and Yeong Su Park*


Republic of Korea


Since the Paris convention on climate change adopted at the plenary session of the conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2015, governments around the world are trying to achieve a reduction of greenhouse gases. Korea also encouraging the use of renewable energy to reduce green-house gas emissions, through the establishment of the ‘Re-newable Energy 3020’ implementation plan, it is expanding the portion of power generation using waste, bio, wind, and solar energy.Most of the ash from combustion process is being landfilled in South Korea. Generally, ash contains lots of contaminants like heavy metals. (Mercury, Chrome, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, Copper, etc,.) Landfill will cause environmental pol-lution by leaching water from ash. There are four stable treatment methods for ash : cement solidification, melt solidification, drug treatment and acid extraction. In this study, we conducted experiment to find the parameters related to the melting characteristics of the sludge. The fluidity is considered to be related to the content of inorganic compo-nents. Therefore we analyzed the effects of the basicity on melting temperature.

AcknowledgementThis study was funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)

as “The Wastes to Energy Technology Development Program”

(2018001570002).


P-WU-011 112


P-WU-012 113

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Mixture of ASR and

Coffee Ground and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil

So Young Han*, Yeon Seok Choi, and Sang Kyu Choi

Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


We have studied the pyrolysis characteristic of wasted coffee ground and the pyrolysis oil. The wasted coffee ground is excellent renewable resources being able to produce good quality pyrolysis oil. Automobile Shredded Residue (ASR) occurs during the waste automobile treatment process, and about 25% of the weight of the scrap car is generated as waste. Most of the car wastes, over 70% of the weight, are composed of 31% of fibers, 22% of expanded polystyrene, 20% of plastics including the rest of the car wastes, rubber, earth, glass, wood, paper and wires. Most of these materials have a high calorific value and polymer organic substances. As that reason, ASR generally is used an auxiliary fuel at present. We thought ASR could be a good material with coffee ground for pyrolysis oil. We have prepared the ratio of mixture of coffee ground and ASR 1:1 for pyrolysis oil production. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis of ASR and coffee ground is carried out and characteristics of the mixture of ASR and coffee ground pyrolysis oil are measured.

P-WU-013 114

A Study on K, Cl Removal Characteristics for Cement

Kiln Dust using Organic Acids

Dong-ju KIM*, Min-Hye SEO, and Sung-Su CHO




Cement Kiln Dust(CKD) is a by-product of the Portland cement manufacturing process. It refers to fine dust including scattering dust generated during the grinding of raw materials such as limestone and calcination of clinker. It is occurring at 7 – 10 % of the total cement production. When re-inserted into the cement kiln, it is attached to the pre-heater, causing operation failure and reducing efficiency of the cement production process. In addition, CKD contains a large amount of potassium and chlorine components, it is difficult to recycle as a resource. Therefore, it is urgent to study the treatment and recycling method for CKD.In this study, several organic acids were used to removal potassium and chlorine in CKD. Organic acids used were Citric acid, Oxalic acid and Formic acid. Distilled water was used for comparison. 5 wt% of CKD was mixed with 0.5 mol of organic acids and the stirring time was changed to confirm the removal of potassium and chlorine.


Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry

& Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20182010202100).

P-WU-014 115

Air Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Biodrying

Sewage Sludge in Pilot Scale Combustion Melting

Furnace

Dong-ju Kim, Dong-kyoo Park, Bup-mook Jeong, Soo-nam Park,

Yong-tack Lim, and Yeong-su Park*




Solid fuelization technology has been developed since the offshore dumping of various sludges was banned, but it is still difficult to find a technology that combines technology stability, economics and energy efficiency. Biodrying is a biological drying technology by microorganisms, which can produce solid fuel by removing moisture from sludge with small energy consumption.In this study, the emission characteristics of air pollutants in the combustion gas generated from the combustion of biodrying sewage sludge fuel in a pilot-scale combustion melting furnace were investigated. The samples were sewage sludge fuel pellets that had been dried through hot air and then pellet-formed, and unmolded sewage sludge dried through biodrying technology. The experiment was conducted in the range of ER ratio 1.2 - 1.5, and the concentrations of NOx, CO2, CO, HCl, and Dust of the combustion gas generated under each condition were measured. In addition, the removal efficiency of HCl and dust removed from the contaminant scrubbing tower was evaluated.

AcknowledgementThis subject is supported by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)

as “The Wastes to Energy Technology Development Program” (No.

2018001570002).

WE : Wind Energy

P-WE-001 116

Fatigue Life Evaluation of Offshore Wind Turbine

Support Structure under Variable Ocean Load

Gee Nam Lee1, and Dong Hyawn Kim2,*

1Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Kunsan National



Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea


It is practically impossible to obtain an environmental load during the design life of an offshore structure. For this reason, many studies use short-term observed data and apply the assumption that the data is repeated throughout the design

108 AFORE 2019

life of the structure. However, the probability distribution of the load is different according to the occurrence time and the cumulative period, which also affects the fatigue life of the structure. In this study, the effect of load variation on the fatigue life of offshore wind turbine support structures is evaluated. Simulation is performed using a probability model, and a stress time history is calculated using a regression model. The fatigue damage is calculated using the Rain-flow cycle counting method, the Goodman equation, the basic S-N curve, and the Miner’s rule. From this study, it is con-firmed that the conventional assumption (repetition of short - term load) causes uncertainty of fatigue life and the simulation method using long-term data is suitable.

AcknowledgementFunding: NRF-2016R1D1A3B03933885 & 20194030202300.

P-WE-002 117


P-WE-003 118

A Vibration Suppression Controller for Vertical Axis

wind Turbine Systems Having Tower Model

Wonseok Ha, Daehan Kim, and Juhoon Back*

School of Robotics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of

Korea


In the wind turbine system, vibrations are caused by following; a torsion between the turbine and blades, a torsion of tower structure by the reaction torque of the turbine, a thrust by wind, and others. Vibrations can affect structural stability and power generation performance. Moreover, it causes resonance in the wind turbine system and causes the problem in the control of the turbine to obtain a constant torque or a constant output.This paper presents a method to suppress the vibration of vertical axis wind turbine systems whose the drivetrain is modeled like a 2-inertia system, and the tower and blades are modeled by bending beam model. The proposed con-troller, which is based on the disturbance observer using the internal model principle, can compensate the vibration as well as system uncertainties under assumptions that the tur-bine speed are available for feedback and the wind speed are known. Simulation results are presented to validate the per-formance of the proposed controller.

P-WE-004 119

Study of Optimal Layout Metamodel for Offshore

Wind Farm in Korea

JoongJin Shin1, and YoungWoo Rhee2,*

1Hydropower Design & Technology Group, Central Research

Institute, KHNP, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

2Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology Chungnam

National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea


The two objectives of the optimal wind farm plans is to minimize the cost of energy (COE) and maximize the annual energy production (AEP). The optimization of 60MW offshore wind farm layout in a nuclear power plant in Korea was used as a case study. DOE was configured to propose and validate an efficient optimal design framework for obtaining text data or exchanging data needed for optimal design through low-level programming languages needed for optimum turbine layout of ring offshore wind farms. The efficiency and utilization were each calculated as 96.5% and 28%. The continuous optimization of wind farm turbine placement using Kriging response surface supports these observations. As for the effects of separation from shoreline, AEP increases with distance from shoreline, but the loss of tail current is minimized at 1,250 m without linear reduction with distance from shoreline. The optimal solution of turbine arrangement was obtained using AEP and tail loss meta-model and EA and PSO algorithms.

P-WE-005 120

Structural Optimization for Weight Lightening and

Fatigue Life Securing of Wind Turbine Composite

Blade

Yun-Jung Jang1, and Ki-Weon Kang2,*


Kunsan, Republic of Korea


University, Kunsan, Republic of Korea


In order to increase energy production efficiency, as the blades of wind turbine increase in size, problems of high cost and safety are occurring. To solve this, it is necessary to establish a design procedure suitable for reduce the weight and load of the blade. Here, a composite material having excellent resistance to a load and characteristics such as specific strength and specific stiffness is used. Therefore, in this study, an optimal design procedure on the blade structure was proposed considering that the composite material has other mechanical properties depending on the design. First, a design problem was derived, related design variables were selected for it, and an optimal design was formulated. Weight was selected the objective function in order to make the blade lighter and economical. In addition, the constraints were selected ultimate strength and tip deflection. Because, to consider the mechanical properties closely related to the structural safety and to prevent the case of hitting the tower due to the bending of the cantilever structure with one side fixed. In particular, composite materials used for blades can be designed with different material types and thicknesses, so there are multiple design variables. Therefore, since it is difficult to consider all design variables, the load at a specific location and the material thickness were selected as design conditions. a finite element model with these conditions was created and static analysis were performed. As a result, the objective function and the constraints were confirmed, and the optimum design conditions were obtained. Finally, fatigue analysis was performed to confirm that the optimum values were suitable for fatigue life.


AcknowledgementThis research was supported by Basic Science Research Program

through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by

the Ministry of Education(NRF-2016R1D1A1A09918310) and by the

Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)

and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic

of Korea(No. 20183010025200).

P-WE-006 121

Numerical Study on the Air-Conditioning

Performance of Datacenter According to Rack Layout

and Air Guide Application

Sungjin Yang*, Myungsung Lee, and Joo Han Kim

Intelligent Mechatronics Research Center, Korea Electronics

Technology Institute, Republic of Korea


As he introduction of high-performance IT equipment is gradually increasing, the amount of power required is also continuously increasing. Since the physical space of the data center, which is the basis of IT services, is limited, servers must be installed in a stacked structure in order to increase power density in the same space, which means that the cooling load that needs to be processed per unit area increases. As power consumption in data centers increases, many attempts to improve the efficiency of air conditioning systems are indispensable. In this paper, we compare the Rack Cooling Index, which is one of the data center air conditioning performance indicators, through numerical analysis (CFD) to derive the proper layout of high-density racks and analyze the utility of the cold air flow guide.



& Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20182010600130).

P-WE-007 122

Analysis of Kite-Based High-Altitude Wind Energy

Conversion

Ho Seong Yang1, In Cheol Kim1, and Young Ho Lee2,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Busan, Republic

of Korea

2Division of Mechanical Engineering, KMOU, Busan, Republic of

Korea


As the problem of environmental pollution has been gradually expanded to national issues, interest in renewable energy is getting bigger. The most commonly used fossil fuels account for about 86% of the world’s main energy demand. [1] The percentage of petroleum was lower than that of 1971, but it was the highest at 32% among primary energy consumption. [2] As emerging economies continue to dominate global energy consumption, much research and technology development is being done to reduce the use of

fossil fuels to use renewable energy. According to REN21 [3], renewable energy accounted for about 70% of the world’s new generation capacity in 2015, and in some countries, the proportion of renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, increased considerably. Wind power has been steadily developed since the mid-1990s. It accounts for the largest portion of global renewable energy capacity except for hydroelectric power. theoretically, wind energy is proportional to the cube of wind speed. Hence, doubling the wind speed increases the power by eight times. [4] The wind speed increases as altitude rises. [5] Therefore, the tower length is designed to be as long as possible to develop using a stronger wind speed. However, there are costs and structural limitations in raising tower. These limitations can be overcome by using an energy kite. In this paper, the kite-based high altitude wind energy convertor is considered. This convertor is called energy kite. The energy kite converts electricity from wind energy at high altitudes of over 100 meters without tower. The kite is connected to generator on the ground through a tether. When the kite is pulled up by the wind, it is wound on the generator. As the kite is flying by the wind, the strings wound on the generator are released and produce electricity. If the tether is loosened over a certain length by the wind, adjust the kite and recover it to the ground. This cycle is repeated and produces electricity.


the Korea institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning

(KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge

Economy (No. 20164030300280).

P-WE-008 123

Design and Optimization Methodology of 10kW

Horizontal Axis Wind Lens

Ali Alkhabbaz1, InCheol Kim1, TaeMoo Shim2, and Young-Ho Lee3,*


Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea

2HYDROKOREA Company, Suwon, Republic of Korea

3Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean



Environmental pollution, climate change, global warming and limited fossil fuels are the most important factors to move toward expanding demand of alternative and clean energy resources. Wind power is one of the popular renewable energy resources based on the extraction of kinetic energy from air. This paper presents the design and optimization methodology of small-scale horizontal axis wind lens. Since the turbine rotor converts the potential energy of the air into mechanical form, the rotor blades play an essential role in increasing the turbine efficiency. Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is used to find out the optimum parameters of the rotor blades such as chord length, rotor speed, and twist angle distribution. Since the power output is proportional to the third order of incoming velocity, so, even a slight increase of the fluid velocity will produce a notable increment of the power output. Thus, a compact shrouded duct equipped

110 AFORE 2019

with a ring-type flange has been utilized to enhance the turbine efficiency and promote it to work in the low wind velocity regions. Five design parameters including (inlet segment length, outlet segment length, inlet radius, outlet radius, and flange height) have been optimized using ANSYS- Fluent to find out the optimum configuration of wind lens. Results showed that the optimum parameters of the shrouded turbine could produce a high power output with a rate of increase up to 26 % as compared with a conventional turbine.



(KETEP) grant funded by Korea government Ministry of Knowledge

Economy (No.20164030300280).

P-WE-009 124

A Study on the Employment Creation and Effects of

the Korean Government’s R&D Investment in the

Wind Industry

Tae Hyung Kim, and Seong Ho Song*

Department of Electronical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,



The Korean government has been investing in research and development in the wind power sector since 1989 with the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. The South Korean government invested about 500 billion won in research and development in the wind power sector over 30 years from 1989 to 2018. In addition, the government has been building conditions for the country’s wind industry to grow through various supply support policies, including the RPS(Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard) system. As a result, several MW systems were localized. The size of Korea’s wind industry has grown to 1.1 trillion won in annual sales and about 2,000 employees. While the nation’s land-based wind power market is weak due to the small territories and the problems of NIMBY, the government continued to support in technology developments and market support policies. Even though the performance of Korean wind industries in overseas market, the role of the government is still significant to the growth of the wind industry. In particular, the government’s R&D investment program, which focused on enhancing companies’ competitiveness, provided job creation in the wind industry and a stable research environment for researchers. In this paper, it is analyzed in detail the R&D costs of the Korean government’s investment in the wind power sector and the impact of the government’s investment in technology develop-ment on the industrial sector, especially the employment sector, by comparing the direct employment effect and the overall employment status.

Author Index

Author Index 113

AAbdul kodir P-HF-019

Abhishek Kumar SS-III-001

Ahreum Lee P-PV-020, SS-II-001

Alba Vilanova Cortezon P-PV-003

Ali Alkhabbaz P-WE-008

Alice Downham P-E&LC-007,

P-E&LC-008

Ara Cho SS-II-001, P-PV-020, P-PV-024,

P-PV-034, P-PV-037, P-PV-038

Arihant Sonawat O-SH-003

BBat-Erdene Bayandelger O-PV-006

Batsugir Bat-Orshikh O-PV-002

Battuvshin Bayarkhuu O-PV-002

Bayasgalan Dugarjav O-PV-002

Benjemar-Hope Flores O-ESS/SG&MG-002

Beomjoon Lee P-WU-003

Bo Young Kim O-ESS/SG&MG-001, O-PV-009

Bong Ki Lee SS-VI-006

Boyoung Kim O-PV-007

Bo-Young Kim O-PV-004, P-PV-003

Bum Suk Kim O-WE-004, O-WE-005

Bup Mook Jeong P-WU-009, P-WU-010

Bup-Mook Jeong O-WU-003, P-WU-014

Byeol-Nim Lee P-HF-019

Byeong Hoon Lee P-PV-013

Byonghu Sohn P-GE-002, P-GE-003

Byung Ha Kim O-E&LCT-002

Byung Hwan Um P-BE-006

Byung Koo Son P-WU-006

Byung Ok Jin P-PV-002

Byungchan Bae P-HF-018, P-HF-019

Byung-Ha Kim P-ME-003

Byungha Shin SS-II-002

Byungsung O P-PV-036

CChan Joo Kim O-ME-003

Chang Hyun Lee P-PV-035

Chang Ki Kim O-ESS/SG&MG-001, O-PV-001,

O-PV-003, O-PV-004, O-PV-005,

O-PV-007, O-PV-009, O-WE-002,

P-E&LC-007, P-PV-003

Chang Sub Won SS-III-004

Chang Yeol Yun O-ESS/SG&MG-001,

O-PV-009

Changhyun Lee P-PV-033

Chang-Sik Son P-HF-023, P-PV-017,

P-PV-018, P-PV-029

Chang-sub Won SS-III-003

Chang-Yeol Yun O-PV-001, O-PV-003,

O-PV-004, P-E&LC-007

Chanwon Jung SS-II-002, SS-II-011

Chi Yong Park P-PV-012, P-PV-023

Chong Pyo Cho P-HF-022

Choon-Man Jang P-PN-001, P-ST-001

Chul-Ho Park O-PN-004

Chul-sung Lee P-HF-016, P-PN-004,

P-PV-009, P-PV-010, P-PV-016

Chung-Hwan Jeon P-BE-001

Chung-Kyu Lee P-E&LC-002, P-E&LC-003

Corwin Rudly O-HF-001

DDa In Park P-ME-001

Dae Hwan Shin SS-II-004

Dae Hyun Choi P-HF-001

Dae Hyun Song O-PV-003

Dae Young Kim O-WE-005

Daehan Kim P-WE-003

Dae-Hwan Kim SS-II-007, P-PV-019

Dae-Hyung Cho SS-II-005, P-PV-031

Dae-Kue Hwang SS-II-007

Dae-Yong Lee O-WE-010, O-WE-012

Danbee Han P-BE-004, P-BE-005

Dasom Jeoung O-ME-005

David Harris IN-I-002

Deog-Keun Kim P-BE-002

Desy Caesary P-PN-002

Do Won Kang O-E&LCT-003

Dong Hoon Oh P-ME-003

Dong Hwan Kam SS-VI-006

Dong Hwan Kim P-HF-002, P-HF-003,

P-HF-004

Dong Hyawn Kim O-WE-003, P-WE-001

Dong Hyuk Choi P-BE-007, P-WU-007

Dong Jin Lee O-WU-002, P-WU-001

Dong Jin Suh P-BE-003

Dong Ju Kim P-WU-009, P-WU-010

Dong Kyoo Park O-WU-003

Dong Kyu Park P-WU-009

Dong Min Lee P-PV-026

Dong Ryeol Kim P-PV-020, P-PV-021

Dongchan Kim SS-III-003

Dong-Cheol Kim O-WU-003

Dongchul Park P-HF-012

Donggwan Lee P-E&LC-001

Dong-Hwan Jeon SS-II-007, P-PV-019

Donghwan Kim P-PV-004, P-PV-033,

P-PV-035

Donghyeok Shin P-HF-023, P-PV-038

Donghyeop Shin SS-II-001, P-PV-001,

P-PV-021, P-PV-024, P-PV-034, P-PV-038

Donghyun Hwang P-HF-023, P-PV-017,

P-PV-018, P-PV-029

Dongjin Choi P-PV-033, P-PV-035

Dong-Ju Kim O-WU-003, P-WU-013,

P-WU-014

Dong-kyoo Park P-WU-014

Dongkyun Kang P-PV-035

Dong-Min Kim O-ME-002

Dongwon Shin P-HF-018, P-HF-019

Duk Oh Lim O-WE-008

EEduard R. Heindl P-ESS/SG&MG-002

Enebish Namjil IN-IV-001, O-PV-006,

P-E&LC-006

Enkhzul Namdag O-PV-002

Eun Ho Kang SS-II-004

Eun Kyung Lee P-HF-010

Eunhee Seol P-BE-009

Eun-Hong Min O-ME-002

Eun-Kyung Lee P-HF-006, P-HF-007,

P-HF-008

Eun-Seok Song SS-V-003

GGa Hee Kim P-BE-006

Gee Nam Lee P-WE-001

Gento Mogi P-PN-008

Gi Sung Pang SS-V-003

Gil Soo Jang O-ESS/SG&MG-001

Gilbong Lee P-WU-003

Gil-Lim Yoon O-WE-008

Gooyong Lee O-PN-002, O-PN-004

Gu-Gon Park SS-I-001, P-HF-012

Gun Woo Oh P-HF-009, P-HF-010

Gun-Woo Oh P-HF-005, P-HF-008, P-HF-011

Gye-Choon Park P-PV-011

Gyeong-Min Kim P-BE-001

Gyoung Min Oh P-PV-002

Gyuho Han SS-II-012

Gyung-Goo Choi P-WU-004, P-WU-005

HHaejung Hwang SS-V-003

Hae-Seok Lee P-PV-033, P-PV-035

Hafiz Ali Muhammad P-WU-003

Haiquan An P-WU-011

Hajime Shibata IN-VII-002

Haneul LEE P-HF-021

Hang Seok Choi P-BE-007, P-WU-007

Hee Suk Jung P-E&LC-004, P-E&LC-005

Hee Sung Moon O-WU-002, P-WU-001

Hee Won Lim P-ST-005

Heebum Lee P-ME-002

Hitoshi Tampo IN-VII-002

Ho Seong Lee P-PV-020

Ho Seong Yang O-HF-003, P-WE-007

Hojin Lee SS-II-002

Hong Seok Jo SS-II-006, P-PV-031

Hong-Goo Kang O-ME-003

Hoon Oh P-PV-032

Hoonjoo Choi P-PV-004

Hoyoung Song P-PV-033

Hwan Ho Kim P-PV-022

Hwanyeong Oh P-HF-017

Hye Won Kim P-BE-006

Hyebin Han P-PV-035

Hyebin Lee O-WE-009

Hyejin Lee P-HF-018

Hyemin Yang P-BE-003

Hyeonggeun Yu SS-II-008

Hyeonmin Jeon P-PV-024

Hyeon-Mo Yang O-SH-003

Hyesun Yoo P-PV-019

Hyo Jae Lim P-GE-003

Hyo Mun Lee P-PV-022

Hyo Seok Lee P-PV-007

Hyo Sung Sun P-WE-002

Hyoen Jae Kim P-HF-023

Hyojoong Bang P-HF-009

Hyo-Jung Bang P-HF-005, P-HF-011

Hyouk Jin Yun P-WU-002

Hyoung Kweon Kim P-PV-002

114 AFORE 2019

Hyoungwoon Song P-E&LC-004, P-E&LC-005

Hyuk-Jin Kwon SS-II-006

Hyun Goo Kim O-PV-009

Hyun Seung Byun P-HF-022

Hyung Don Lee P-WU-002

Hyun-Goo Kim O-ESS/SG&MG-001,

O-PV-001, O-PV-003, O-PV-004,

O-PV-005, O-PV-007, O-WE-002,

P-E&LC-007, P-E&LC-008, P-PV-003

Hyunji Im O-PN-003

Hyunjin Lee O-PV-008

Hyunju Lee P-PV-033

Hyunjun Seok SS-II-006

HyunJung Park P-PV-033, P-PV-035

Hyunseung Byun P-BE-004, P-BE-005

IIman Rahimipetroudi P-HF-015

In Cheol Kim P-ME-003, P-WE-007

In Chul Hwang P-PN-003

In Jae Lee P-PV-025

In Seok Yun P-WU-002

In Sung Jung P-PV-030

InCheol Kim P-WE-008

Inyoung Jeong P-PV-021, P-PV-034, P-PV-038

In-Young Jeong SS-II-001

JJae Gyu Hwang P-BE-007, P-WU-007

Jae Ho Choi P-ESS/SG&MG-001, P-PV-030

Jae Ho Yun SS-II-001, SS-II-002, SS-II-010,

P-PV-020, P-PV-024, P-PV-037, P-PV-038

Jae Hong Park P-PV-029

Jae Kyeong Jang O-WE-001

Jae Kyung Jang P-E&LC-001, P-PV-002

Jae Seong Jeong SS-III-004, P-PV-032

Jae Sung Park SS-VI-004, SS-VI-007

Jae Woo Park P-ESS/SG&MG-001, P-PV-030

Jae Yu Cho P-PV-006, P-PV-007

JaeHo Yun P-PV-034

Jae-ho Yun P-ST-004

Jae-Hoi Gu O-WU-003

Jae-Hoon JEONG P-HF-021

Jaesik Kang P-GE-002

Jae-Wook Choi P-BE-003

Jaeyeong Heo IN-VII-005, P-PV-005,

P-PV-006, P-PV-007

Jang-Ho Lee O-WE-010, O-WE-011,

O-WE-012

Jea-Young Choi IN-VII-004

Jeeyoung Choi P-PN-009

Jeha Kim SS-II-003

Jehyun Lee O-PV-003

Je-Hyun Lee O-PV-001

Jeong-Myeong Ha P-BE-003

Jeung-hyun Jeong SS-II-008

Ji Chan Park O-E&LCT-001

Ji Ho Yoo O-HF-001

Ji Yeon Hyun P-PV-035

Jian Ding IN-VII-001

Ji-Hong KIM P-HF-021

Jihoon Kim O-ME-004

Jihun Kim SS-II-009

Jihye Gwak SS-II-001, SS-II-002, SS-II-010,

P-PV-001, P-PV-021, P-PV-024,

P-PV-034, P-PV-037, P-PV-038

Ji-Hye Kim P-HF-006, P-HF-007

Jihyun Moon P-PV-036

Jin Ho Hyun P-HF-012

Jin Hwan Ko O-ME-004, O-ME-005

Jin Hyeok Kim SS-II-009, P-HF-013,

P-HF-014, P-PV-013, P-PV-014, P-PV-015,

P-PV-025, P-PV-026, P-PV-027, P-PV-028

Jin Hyeon Oh P-PV-018

Jin Kyoung Kim SS-VI-006

Jin Kyung Kwon P-E&LC-001

Jin Lee P-PV-011

Jin Soo Yoo SS-II-001

Jin Su Yoo P-PV-034, P-PV-037

Jin Su Yu P-PV-038

Jin Woo Yang O-SH-001, P-SH-001

Jin Young Kim O-PV-009, P-E&LC-007

Jinbong KIM SS-V-005

Jin-Chel Moon P-PV-004

Jin-Han Yun P-E&LC-002, P-E&LC-003

Jin-Hyuk Kim O-SH-003

Jin-Kyu Kang P-PV-019, SS-II-007

Jin-Ok Kim O-WE-010

Jinsoo Song IN-IV-003

Jinsu Yoo P-PV-021

Jin-Suk Lee P-BE-002

Jinyeon Won P-HF-017

Jinyoung Kim O-PV-005

Jin-Young Kim O-PV-004, P-E&LC-008

Jiseok Ahn P-PN-009

Jiseon Hwang P-PV-037

Jiwon Lee SS-II-012

John Byrne O-PN-001

Jong Ho Yoon SS-II-004, P-PV-022

Jong Hwa Kim O-WE-004

Jong Hwa Won O-ME-003

Jong Hwan Park SS-VI-005

Jong Moon Lee SS-III-004

Jong Po Park O-WE-001

Jong Woo Kim P-ST-003

Jonghoo Park P-PV-021

Jonghyuk Yoon P-E&LC-004, P-E&LC-005

Jongkyu Kim P-ST-002, P-ST-004

Jongmoon Lee SS-III-003

Jong-Pil Kim P-BE-001

JongPil Moon P-GE-001

Jongsup Hong P-HF-017

Joo Han Kim P-WE-006

Joo Hyung Park SS-II-001, P-PV-020,

P-PV-021, P-PV-034, P-PV-037

Joo Young Lee P-PN-005

Joon Young Kim P-PV-030

JoongJin Shin P-WE-004

Juhee Jang P-PV-012

Juhoon Back P-WE-003

Juhyun An P-HF-016, P-PN-004,

P-PV-009, P-PV-010, P-PV-016

Ju-Hyun Hong O-WE-012

Ju Hyung Park P-PV-038

Jun Hwa Kwon O-WU-002, P-WU-001

Jun Hyung Park SS-II-013

Jun Sik Cho SS-II-001, P-PV-037, P-PV-038

Jun Sung Jang P-PV-028

Jun Young Kang P-HF-009

Jun Young Kim P-ESS/SG&MG-001

Juna Kim P-PV-017

Jung Hoon Park P-PN-003

Jung Hwan Park P-PV-029

Jung Hyun Park SS-VI-003

Jung Kyung Rho SS-VI-005

Jung Rae Kim P-BE-009

Jung Tae Kim O-WE-001

Jung Tae Lee O-PV-009

Jung Woon Lee P-HF-009, P-HF-010

Jung-Il Yang O-E&LCT-001

Jung-Jae Park P-PV-012, P-PV-023

Jungkyu Choi P-BE-003

Jungsoo Suh P-PV-008

Jung-Tae Lee O-PV-001, O-PV-004

Jun-Gu Kang P-WU-004

Jungwan Park O-SH-001, P-SH-001

Jung-Woon Lee P-HF-005, P-HF-006,

P-HF-007, P-HF-011

Junhee Seok P-PV-004

JunHo Kim SS-II-012, P-PV-019

Junho Won O-PV-003

Jun-Hong Choi SS-III-002, SS-V-004

Junhyun Cho P-WU-003

Junhyung Kim P-BE-009

Jun-Sik Cho P-PV-020, P-PV-021,

P-PV-024, P-PV-034

Junsung Jang SS-II-009

Jun-Young Kang P-HF-005

Juran Kim SS-II-010, P-PV-019

KKashif Rashid P-HF-015

Ka-Young Song O-WE-013

Kee-Jeong Yang SS-II-007, P-PV-019

Kihwan Kim SS-II-001, SS-II-002, SS-II-010,

SS-II-011, O-WE-008, P-PV-021, P-PV-024,

P-PV-034, P-PV-037, P-PV-038

Kil Hwan Moon SS-VI-006

Kil Ju Na P-PV-011

Kim kihwan P-PV-001

Ki-Weon Kang O-WE-010, P-WE-005

Kook Young Ahn O-E&LCT-003

Koon Jang P-SH-001

KrishnaRao Eswar Neerugatti P-PV-005

Kuldeep Singh Gour P-PV-015

Kwang Soo Kim P-GE-003

Kwang Soo Ko P-ST-003

Kwangho Lee P-PN-008

Kyeongtaek Kim P-PN-009

Kyoon Duck Yoon SS-VI-001

Kyoung Ho Cha O-WE-006

Kyoung Kwan Ahn O-ME-001

Kyu Hang Lee P-WU-006

Kyung Min Kim O-SH-003

Kyung Soon Park P-PN-003

Kyung-Soo Lee P-PV-012

Kyuseung Han P-PV-037

Kyuyeon Kim SS-VI-002, P-WU-004,

P-WU-005

Author Index 115

LL. Rajapakse O-E&LCT-002

Lawrence Waithiru SS-III-003

MMendbayar Bayarsaikhan P-E&LC-006

Mi Ho Park O-WE-001

Mika Ohbayashi IN-IV-002

Mikyoung Jung P-BE-008

MiLan Park P-HF-016, P-PN-004, P-PV-009,

P-PV-010, P-PV-016

Min Hwi Kim P-ST-002

Min Jun Lee O-ME-003

Mina Lee O-PN-002, O-PN-004

Min-Goo CHOI P-HF-021

Min-Hwi Kim P-ST-004

Min-Hye SEO P-WU-013

Minhyeok Lee P-PV-004

Minjae Kim SS-II-003

Minjin Kim P-HF-017, P-HF-021

Min-Kyu Jeon P-E&LC-002, P-E&LC-003

Minsu Shin P-PV-012

Min-Woo Kim P-HF-005, P-HF-006,

P-HF-007, P-HF-011

Min-Young Sun O-WE-013

Molor Sharkhuu P-E&LC-006

Muhammad Adeel Ashraf P-HF-015

Muhammad Awais P-PV-001, P-PV-024

Muhammad Rehan P-PV-024

Myenggil Gang SS-III-003

Myeong Eon Kim SS-II-005, P-PV-031

Myeonghwa Park P-BE-008

Myo-Eun Kim O-HF-002

Myong-Gyun Baek P-PV-017

Myung Ick Hwang P-PV-032

Myung Jin Nam P-PN-002

Myung Kyu Choi P-WU-007

Myungsung Lee P-WE-006

NNakyeong Lee P-BE-008

Nam Choon Baek P-ST-005

Namjil Enebish P-ESS/SG&MG-002

Nguyen Le Dang Hai O-ME-004

Nirmal K.C. Nair P-E&LC-006

Nochang Park P-PV-004

OOu-Sam Jin O-WE-002

PPil Jong Kim P-HF-002, P-HF-003, P-HF-004

Pil Jung Kim P-WU-006

Prakash Thapa P-PV-011

Pramod Patil P-PV-027

Pranda Mulya Putra O-PV-008

Pratama Juniko Nur P-HF-018

Pravin Babar P-HF-013

Pravin S. Pawar IN-VII-005

Pyuck-Pa Choi SS-II-002, SS-II-011

QQuynh Van Nguyen O-WU-001

RRan Yoo P-PN-009

Riky P-BE-002

Rupesh S. Devan IN-VII-003

Rusiru Rajakaruna O-E&LCT-002

SS.D.G.S.P. Gunawardane O-E&LCT-002

Saiful Huque P-PV-032

Sainbold Saranchimeg P-E&LC-006

Sajid Ali P-PN-001

Sam S. Yoon SS-II-006, P-PV-031

Sang Ho Lee P-ME-001

Sang Jin Oh O-PN-002

Sang Joon Shin O-WE-007

Sang Keun Dong P-HF-015

Sang Kyu Choi O-WU-001, P-WU-008,

P-WU-012

Sang Lae Lee O-WE-007

Sang Su Shin P-PV-020, P-PV-021

Sang Yoon Lee P-PV-022

Sang-Don Lee P-PN-002

Sang-Geon Park P-PV-017

Sanghoon Ji P-PN-006

Sanghwan Heo O-ME-002

Sang-Il Lee O-WE-011, O-WE-012

Sang-In Keel P-E&LC-002, P-E&LC-003

Sang-Kyun Kang O-WE-011

Sangmin Cho P-E&LC-007

Sangmin Lee O-E&LCT-003, P-PV-038

Sang-Min Lee SS-II-001

Sang-Moon Lee P-ST-001

SangWoon Lee P-PV-018

Sarb Giddey IN-I-002

Se Jin Ahn P-PV-037

Se Jin Park P-PV-035

SeJin Ahn SS-II-001, P-PV-034, P-PV-036,

P-PV-038

Seo Young Song P-PN-002

Seock Joon Kim P-WU-008

Seok Jong Han P-ME-001

Seok-Hee Park P-HF-012, P-HF-020

SeokHo Park P-GE-001

Seong- Ho Lee SS-V-001

Seong Ho Song P-WE-009

Seong Hwan Kang P-PV-030

Seong Keon Kim O-WE-004

Seong Kon Lee P-PN-003

Seong Ryong Park P-HF-022

Seong Wan Hong P-BE-007, P-WU-007

Seong Wan Yun P-WU-002

Seong Won Kwon SS-II-013

Seongkon Lee P-PN-008, P-PN-009

Seong-Won Kim SS-III-002, SS-V-004

Seung Gon Lee P-PV-018

Seung Hyeon Hong P-BE-007, P-WU-007

Seung Jun Park P-PN-003

Seung Kyu Ahn SS-II-001, P-PV-021,

P-PV-036, P-PV-037, P-PV-038

Seung Moon Lee P-E&LC-007

Seung-Gon KIM P-HF-021

Seunghee Woo P-HF-020

SeungKyu Ahn P-PV-034

SeungWook Shin P-HF-016, P-PN-004,

P-PV-009, P-PV-010, P-PV-016

Se-Yun Kim P-PV-019

Shigeru Niki IN-VII-002

Shi-Joon Sung SS-II-007, P-PV-019

Shin Taek Jeong P-ME-001

Shin Wook Kang O-E&LCT-001

Shin Young Kim O-ESS/SG&MG-001,

O-PV-009

Shinho Kim IN-VII-002

Si-Nae Park SS-II-007, P-PV-019

So Young Han P-WU-008, P-WU-012

Sohyun Bae P-PV-035

Sojeong Lee P-HF-018

Song Hyun Park P-HF-002, P-HF-003,

P-HF-004

Soo Hyun Kim O-HF-001

Soo Jin Jang P-PN-002

Soo Min Lee P-WU-006

Soo Nam Park P-WU-009

Soo Youn Lee P-BE-009

Soohyun Bae P-PV-033

Soo-Jin Han P-HF-011

Soojin Shin O-PN-001

Sook Kyung Lee P-PV-012, P-PV-023

Soomin Song SS-II-001, P-PV-001, P-PV-034,

P-PV-038

Soon Youl So P-PV-011

Soo-nam Park P-WU-014

Su Ha O-E&LCT-001

Su Hyeon Han P-PN-005

Sueng Gun Hyun P-ST-003

Sumit Korade P-PV-027

Sun Kyung Shin O-WU-002, P-WU-001

Sun Yong Kim SS-II-013

Sung Gi Kwon P-PV-011

Sung Ho Chang O-E&LCT-003

Sung Hyun Kim P-PV-032

Sung Sik Oh P-PV-002

Sung-Dae Yim P-HF-020

Sung-Hee Shin P-HF-018, P-HF-019

Sung-Ho Yu O-WE-011

Sung-Hoon Hong SS-II-005

Sungjin Yang P-WE-006

Sungjun An P-BE-008

Sungjun Kim SS-II-003

Sungkun LEE P-HF-021

Sung-Soo Park O-WE-011, O-WE-012

Sung-Su CHO P-WU-013

Sungwook “Sam” Min IN-I-001

Sung-Wook Nam SS-II-002

Sunkyoung Shin SS-VI-002

Sun-Kyoung Shin P-WU-004, P-WU-005

Sunny Kumar Poguluri O-WE-009

Su-Young Lee SS-VI-002, P-WU-004,

P-WU-005

TTae Hee Jung SS-III-002, SS-V-004

116 AFORE 2019

Tae Hyung Kim P-WE-009

Tae Kyoung Kang P-PV-002

Tae Suk Lee P-PV-002

Tae Sung Jung O-E&LCT-001

Tae Wook Kim P-PV-012, P-PV-023,

P-WU-006

Tae-Gun Kim P-PV-031

Tae-Gyu Park SS-V-003

Tae-Hyun Yang SS-I-001

TaeMoo Shim P-WE-008

Tae-Sung Park P-HF-008

Taewook Kim P-PN-007

Tai Hyeop Lho P-HF-001

Takehiko Nagai IN-VII-002

Tanka Raj Rana P-PV-036

Temujin Enkhbat SS-II-012

Thomas Reindl SS-III-001

Tri Cuong Do O-ME-001

Tri Dung Dang O-ME-001

Tuananh Bui O-E&LCT-003

Tulga Otgonkhishig SS-II-004

UU Cheul Shin P-ST-005

Ujjwal Shrestha O-SH-002

Uk Jae Lee P-ME-001

Umesh P. Suryawanshi P-HF-014

Uwineza Laetitia O-WE-002

VVijay C. Karade P-PV-014

WWang Je Lee P-ST-005

Watchara Tongphong P-ME-003

Weoncheol Koo O-ME-002

William Jo SS-II-010, P-PV-019

Won Hyeog Joo SS-VI-007

Won Mok Kim SS-II-008

Won Seok Lee O-WU-002, P-WU-001

Wonjun Choi P-BE-003

Wonseok Ha P-WE-003

Won-Seok Lee SS-VI-002, P-WU-004,

P-WU-005

Won-Seok Yang SS-VI-002, P-WU-004,

P-WU-005

Won-Sik Shin O-WE-010

Wonwook Oh P-PV-004

Won-Yong Lee P-HF-017

Woo-Jin Choi P-PV-018, P-PV-029

Woo-Jung Lee SS-II-005, P-PV-031

Woon Ho Yeo SS-VI-003, SS-VI-004, SS-VI-007

Woonho Baek P-PN-009

XXinhui Fang P-WU-011

YYasir Siddique P-PV-036

Yean Hee Kim O-WE-005

Yee Paek P-E&LC-001

Yeon Jin Ku P-HF-002, P-HF-003, P-HF-004

Yeon Seok Choi O-WU-001, P-WU-008,

P-WU-012

Yeon Woo Jeong P-WU-008

Yonggook Son P-PV-038

Yeong Kyu Kim O-ME-003

Yeong Su Park P-WU-010

Yeong-su Park P-WU-014

Yong Heack Kang O-ESS/SG&MG-001

Yong Il Kim O-PV-009

Yong Sik Kim SS-II-013

Yong Su Kwon O-WU-001, P-WU-008

Yong Taek Lim P-WU-009

Yong-Duck Chung SS-II-005, P-PV-031

Yong-Heack Kang O-PV-003, O-PV-004,

O-PV-005, O-PV-007, P-E&LC-007

Yong-tack Lim P-WU-014

Yoon Hyeok Bae O-WE-009

Yoon Woo Choi O-ME-003

Yoon-Ho Park P-HF-016, P-PN-004,

P-PV-009, P-PV-010, P-PV-016

Yoonmook Kang P-PV-033, P-PV-035

Yoon-Young Choi P-HF-017

Yoshio Ohshita P-PV-033

You-Kwan Oh P-BE-008, P-BE-009

Youn Cheol Park P-ST-003

Young Duk Lee O-E&LCT-003

Young Eun Song P-BE-009

Young Heack Kang O-PV-009

Young Ho Lee O-E&LCT-002, O-HF-003,

P-WE-007

Young Hwa Kim P-PV-002

Young Jin Cho SS-VI-006

Young Jin Kim O-WE-003

Young Sang Kim O-E&LCT-003

Young Soon Baek P-HF-022

Young Su Park P-WU-009

Young Sun Ryou P-PV-002

Young Woo Choi SS-V-007

Young-Do Choi O-SH-002

Young-Eun Kim P-BE-008, P-BE-009

Young-Ho Lee P-ME-003, P-WE-008

Young-Ill Kim SS-II-007, P-PV-019

Youngjae Lee SS-II-003

Young-jin Baik P-WU-003

Youngjin Ha P-PN-008

Young-Joo Eo SS-II-001, P-PV-001, P-PV-034,

P-PV-037, P-PV-038

Young-Jun Sohn O-HF-002, P-HF-021

Young-Kon Choi P-E&LC-002, P-E&LC-003

Young-kwon Kim SS-V-006

Young-Seok Choi O-SH-003

Youngsoon Baek P-BE-004, P-BE-005

Youngsun Kim P-PN-006

YoungWoo Rhee P-WE-004

Youn-Hwa Na SS-V-002

YounKoo Kang P-GE-001

Yun Ji Kim P-HF-022

Yun Sil Huh P-HF-002, P-HF-003, P-HF-004

Yunae Cho P-PV-024, P-PV-034, P-PV-037

Yun-Ae Cho SS-II-001

Yunji Kim P-BE-004, P-BE-005

Yun-Jung Jang P-WE-005

Yunsoung Kim O-PN-003

Yuseong Jang SS-II-002

ZZhen Liu P-WU-011

Zolbayar Jargalsaikhan P-ESS/SG&MG-002

Zolzaya Munkhtur O-PV-002

november 13-16, 2019 maison glad hotel, jeju, republic of...

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