ED 058 792

TITLE

INSTITUTIONSPONS AGENCYREPORT NOPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

DOCUMENT RESUME

FL 002 872

Russian Advanced Course: A Short History of theDevelopment of Russian Language and Literature.Defense Language Inst., Washington, D.C.Department of Defense, Washington, D.C.06RU214Nov 7113 4p.Director, Defense Language Institute, Department ofthe Army, U.S. Naval Station, Anacostia Annex,Washington, D.C. 20390 (With specific permission)

MF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS.Advanced Programs; *Anthologies; *InstructionalMaterials; Language Instruction; *Literary Styles;Literature; Literature Appreciation; ModernLanguages; *Russian; *Russian Literature; SecondLanguage Learning; Textbooks; Writing Skills

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this volume is to acquaint the student

with the historical development of the Russian language andliterature. Samples of the original works with English translationsand lists of recommended readings are provided. Contents include areview of Russian literature by century, samples of the short storynSamizdat," and major bibliographical sources. Literary samples withbiographical sketches are taken from the writings of Pushkin,Lermontov, Gogol, Dostoyevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, Turgenev, Chekhov,Gorky, Bunin, Blok, Gumilyov, Mayakovsky, Yesenin, Babel, A.N.Tolstoy, Sholokhov, Pasternak, Bulgakov, Simonov, Solzhenitsyn, andYevtushenko. For the companion document see FL 002 874. (RL1\

RUSSIANAdvanced Course

A Shor t History of the

Development of Russian Language

and Literature

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION

& WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENTHAS BEEN REPRODUCEO

EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE PERSON OR

ORGANIZATIONORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF

VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED 00 NOT NECES-

SARILY REPRESENTOFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOLI-

CATION POSITION OR POLICY.

November 1971

DEPENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE

PREFACE

The purpose of this volume is to acquaint the

student with the historical development of the Russian

language and literature. Samples of original works

and lists of recommended readings are included and,

in order to facilitate better understanding and appre-

ciation of Russian literature, English translations of

some of the original texts are also provided.

Inquiries concerning this volume, including

requests for authorization to reproduce parts or all

of it, should be addressed to the Director, Defense

Language Institute, U.S. Naval Station, Anacostia

Annex, Washington, D.C. 20390.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chanter TAO.

1 VI . IX Centuries 1

2 IX . XIII Centuries 6

3 XIII - XVII Centuries 14

4 XVIII Century 26

5 Russian Literature ofXIX - XX Centuries 36

A. S. Pushkin 42

M. Y. Lermontov 47

N. V. Gogol 51

P. M. Dostoyevsky 55

L. N. Tolstoy 58

I. S. Turgenev 61

A. P. Chekhov 64

Maxim Gorky 67

I. A. Bunin 74

A. A. Blok 76

N. S. Gumilyov 81

V. Mayakovsky 86

S. Yesenin 91

I. E. Babel 94

Page

A. N. Tolstoy 95

M. A Sholokhov 98

B. L. Pasternak 101

M. A. Bulgakov 104

K. M. Simonov 107

A. I, Solzhenitsyn 112

Y. Yevtushenko 119

Samples of Short Stories"Samizdat" 123

Major BibliographicalSources 130

KPATKA51 XCTOP145:1 PICCROPO

5131DIKA X JIXTEPATIPLI

PXABA I

11 - IX BERA

YoTHaa JurrepaTypa

4o IX Beim npegim pyccium xampl oTgemaHlum nxemeHamx c

pa3.mgmatal Haesamlampl. Bce nxemeHal B3SITHe msecTel Ha3amamIcr3

c.naHaHamx.

C.naHalle, xamme B eanagHoM nozom4He cospemeHHOM EivoneM-

cHoti Poccvlx, npmHag.nexcamd socTolmoczaHaHcHoM rpynne. Rpome

3Toro (511.7114 eige ImicHoczaHaHcHaa 3anagHoulaHaHcHaa rpynnu. Me*AY

oirgemaHumpl memeHampl num gmaxeHTHme paemplzal Ho OHM B TO spew'

6m.7114 Heseximm.

B airy anoxy y BOCTOIIHEX CJI/MBRH He (511X0 (MAO IIPICIaMeHHOCTM,

a c.neA0BaTeXT3HO, He (511X0 JaprepaTypm; HO C571X0 yoTHoe Hap0A-

Hoe THoplecTso, HoTopoe onallmo Ha3uHaeTca cpanmopom.

4aa pyccHoro di)o.71xopa TgHT1 cxegymume npor43segemi5I

Ho.n.neHTHHHoro HapogHoro THopnecTHa: necHz (songs), earosopm (in-

cantations), noc.noHplum norosopHia (proverbs and sayings),

cHaeHm (fairy tales) 14 dummm.(epic tales). Bce 3TPI Hvigu Ha-

pogHoro THopliecTim He 3anplcunaxxcb, a nepegaeammb yoTHO

110NOXOHPIR B 110HOAOHMe.

1

IlecHm - camel gpeBHmti Bvs, HapogHoro TBoptlecTBa. Cpe 1114X

pammtsasoTca o6pswAormse (ritual) m cemeitHo-narroBsase (songs con-

cerning the life of a family).

C..aaaszme LIJI B TO Bpetus sloTartmvacamm 14 IIONJIOHAJ114C13 cvs.naht

npmpogsas: coxm4y, rpomy, BeTpy T. 06pszukomae necEm rieJsme.b 110

cxyliaso saw:nem= sipa3gHmstoB9 nacTo onselsaBsumx civieHy BpemeH roAa.

Korga nosAHee CJIELBAHO rspramcmvs. xpvicTssaHCTBo. htHorme o6psukoBsaso

nemi 3 slatrsecitoro nponnoro Ao.nro ense MC14J114 B HapeAe. CemelhHo -

6sasToBLIO necHm oxBammaJsm Bce rwsaBHethisme conarrma IseJsoBelsecitolh

*maim posicAeHme, 6past, csdepTL. Pyccstaa HapoiAHas1 necHs1 cxymcm-

xa m usy)scraT 6oravanvs racTolmmitom, ontyga 6pams 6epyT exemeHTsas

CEr)8110 TBoptsecTBa pycortme 1103TH mynntawrsas.

3aroBopia - c.noBecHme ci)optlyaras, scoTopsam npmAaBaxocr2 marvpsec-

Hoe ossaxseHme. B TO Bpencs, icorAa Jllogss He vssurems Hmstastoro noHaTma

o megremvsHe, ram sta3a.nocL, IsTo doJseassm ripmlunisnoTca 3JIHMI4 yxamm.

3aroBopia mme..am ge../ILso OTTOHFITB 14J11'1 YMI4JIOCTI4B14TB DTV1 3J1He

Kam npvarep, moxaso yscaoaTL earoBop OT Juncopamcm (fever), OT

3y6Hotvi 60JIM T.A.

Iloc.noBvaua M noroBopstm eCTI3 y BCOX HapoiAoB. IlousoBrawas

DTO scopontme mentme mapeneHma, onosHo coAepscausme norseHme,

OCHOBaHHOe Ha Bes-coBoil HapoAHoR my/ApocTra. HestoTopme nomoBmwas

BcTpe1asoTes4 Isom," B 14./AeHTIVIHOrl cpopme y MHOPI4X HapogoB, Hanpm-

mep: "JIrnue noukHoj nem HmKorAan. K pyrvm noc.goBremam MOMCHO

rsogsmcaTL JIM11113 npm6JIM3MTeJILHLIti 3KBI4BaJ1eHT, Harspremep:

2 k:*-6

4.4

')

"BX1430H XOHOTB, Aa xe yxycxmb" ("So near and yet so far ").

ECJIH B nocaoBHge coAep*I4Tc5 Bnoaxe Bupaxtexxoe cy*Aexme

(judgment, opinion),To B noroBopme ecTb TOXBHO xamex xa BMBOA.

110110B0pHy MOHCHOHEI3BaTip nepBoft noaommoil nocaommm. Oxa MC:MC0T

CTaT1 nocaoBHgefl, ecax 6yAeT 3axoxnexa H cTaxeT noaxmm cy*Ae-

xxem. Bo3bmem xanpxmep, noroBopxy "gymmi pyxamx xcap 3arpedaTb

(to pull chestnuts out of the fire for you), ecax npm6aBmTb x

xeti cxa3yemoe (predicate) To oxa npeBpamaeTca B nocaommy

Nymermx pyxamm mcap 3arpedaTb xerixo".

CHaCHTel - OATAB V13 reIxTepecxeftrax xtalipos yeTxoro TBopnecTBa.

B Hamm Axx cluiTaeTcal nTo cxa31Cx cymecTBymT AX.51 AeTeM maaAme-

ro Bo3pacTa. Ho xe Tax 6mao B Apemixe Bpemexa, morAa .7H0AH

Belpre= BO BCg nyAecxoe H xorAa Aaxte B3pocame c xxTepecom CJIf-

fflJIM paccxa3nxxoB cxa3ox. Mxorme cxamm nepeAaBaBmx-

eca yoTxo 143 HOHOJIBHHA B noxoxexxe, OTHOCATCH H ray6oxofl ApeB-

xocTM, Apyrxe - noaBxxxcb B 6oxee no3Axme Bpemexa. nacTc

B cxammx AelicTsymmxmx nepcommamx SIBXAMTCR WIBOTBNe. B pyc-

cxxx cxa3max, xaripxmep, nacTo BlicTynamT meABeAx, Boxxx, aDicxxila

Apyrxe 3BepH xopomo 3xaxomme xxTexam pyccxoft paBlumm. B0.1113-

E1014 xxTepec B cTapHxy BEI3MBaJIH Boa1lle6Hme cx,a3xx, rAe HapoAxaa

(PEIHTS31451 yxoART B MYT nyAecHoro rAe AelicTBymT BMOCTB C

0672HBOBOHBEMH JIM11I3MH pa3Hue cpepxlecTecTBexxue cymecTBa.

3Aecb RCHO BHAHM meal raydomoil cTapxxm - ToTemxnecxxel axx-

mxcTxnecxxexmarxnecxxe npeAcTaBaexxa ApeBxero nexoBexa

Cxaaxamx Temamx cmaaox no.7m3ymTca nvicaTexx Bcex cTpaH

Bcex onox. Mo*Ho yma3aTT3 Ha Bemixoro pyccxoro noaTa

xoTopmil umpoxo Mcno.nbaoBax pyccxxe HapoAHme cimaxx B cBoem

noanInecxom TBopnecTBe.

BLIJIZHE aaimmamT OAHO Z3 nepBmx MeCT B pyccmom HapoAHom

noaTyinecxom TB0pneCTBe. B HZX roBoppiTca o noAwirax pyccxxx

Hapommx repoeB - 6oraTmpeM. BLIJIMHE - DTO onvinecxxe newly' o

cxaBHom repoznecxom npour.nom pyccxoro HapoAa. Ecxx B cmaamax

AOMZHZ.pyeT OXeMeHT*BHMUCJIa Z 4)EIHTa3ZZ, TO camo HS3BaHZe

tt..oHXZHan aHanyiT "611.7101 T.e. TO, nTo 611.71o, cxynymocr3 Ha ca-

mom Aexe. BHXZHE B TeneHke MHOPZX BeHOB nepeAaBamicr3 yCTHO

Z 6731.71Z aanmcaHm cpaBHPITOJILHO OneHh HO3AHO - B XIX BONO. 3

HZX nowromy MONCHO HaiiTz cmemeHyle OXeMeHTOB Z3 pammx anox,

xoTopme nepexpmBamT picTopyinecxym OCHOBy 110BeCTBOBaHZE Z npplAa-

MT COnITZEM repoam xereHAapina xapaxTep. McTopinecxxii anoc,

noAo6HER pyccxxm 611.7nmam, cymecTByeT y MHOVZX HapoAoB. 4ocTa-

TOnHO BCHOMHZTB "14.71.7nmAy" romepal "neCHL 0 PDXELHAen BO cDpammil

glum cmaaaHIA o 1-1146exyHrax B repmamull xereHAy o xopoxe ApType

B AH11.71ZZ Z Ap. Pyccxxe 6731.7IZHE AeXATCR Ha ABa Luixxa - KZOBCHZM

HoBropoAcxxH.

ItyleBcm,n1 mo*Ho cpaBmITT3 c xereHAamx o xopoxe ApType

ero pmgapax Hpyr.noro cToza., Itax oin4 cpaxcamicL BO r.naBe 6px-

TaHgeB npoTI4B HanaAammx aHrxo-caxcon, Tax xreleBcxyle 6oraTmpx

EHR3S1 anaAvimxpa 6opoxvicr3 c xoneBmmx HapoAamx (nomads) micHmx

cTeneill xoTopme npoz3BoAlum Ha6e1' yi Ha pyccxym semxm.

L.

EMJII4HLI noAllepxmBamT eAmlicTBO pyccxoR semxm m yllacTme Bcex c.noeB

Hace.neHmsa B dophde c Bparom. Tax mu BRARM) 11TO maBHme repom

671.71mH: HABA Mypomeg - xpecTbAHma cHH, Axema Honompl, camoe

RME xoToporo 1-10B0pHT) TITO OH H3 cembm CBSDAeHHHHa m, HaxoHeg,

Ao6pHHE HHHRTH11 xHAxcecxmti goTacmHHmx (man at arms). PIHTepecHo

OTMeTRTb) 11TO 6MARHM) BOOHRHMHe B ItHeBCHOM PyCH) coBepmeHHo

mcllemm B lacHux od.nacTsax. TOAIIHO Ha ceBepe AaJlexo oT'Tex mecT,

rAe cpaxaxmcb doramipm, coxpaHmxmcb Tax HaomBaemme "cxaomTexm",

ymeBmme eme paccxaomBaTh 671.7memm. C mx CAOB (5MARHM H 671.7114 samm-

calm B XIX Bexe.

HoBropoAcxme 671.71mHm mmemT mHoti xapaxTep, xiem xmeBcxme.

B COOTBeTCTBRH C OCO6eHHOCTEMH HoBropoAa, xoTopHR npexme Bcero

6H.71 ToproBum geHTpom, repom HoBropoAcxmx 6MARH (SHAH He CTOXBRO

BORHM) CROXBRO ymeame m npeAnpmmmIlmmle Ae.immu (merchant-adven-

turers). OHM He dosaxmcb nycxamcsa B Aa.nbHme oxcnegmgmm m curpaxm

doxbillym po.nb El x0JI0Hm3agmm pyccxoro ceBepa.

FJIABA II

IX - XIII BEKA

Knacimil Imp Hoz

B IX X Beltax H3 HecIcoamcnx caaBaHcEnx nxemeH, NCHBIIIHX

Bg0JIB peitn AHenp H ,gazEure Ha ceBep c EaJanticitolly mop°, o6pa3o-

BaxocE nouTenenHo onDemenieHHoe rocyAapcTso. DTO 6111.ga KnescItaa

Pycb, c moTopori CBR3aH BaxcHmil pTan B Pa3BHTHH analca H nncEmeH

HOCTH.

0673eAnHeHne nxemeH B rocyAapcTso, acTeCTBeHHO, cnoco6cTBO-

Baxo onDextremeHmo nxememnix AnaxexToB. B KneBes maw rocyAap-

CTBeHHom geHTpet nocTeneHHo o6paayeTcsa emmeei ApeBilepyccItnri

R3110.

UPPROBHOCJIaBAHCHHH 5137311C H 8110 BJIHRHHEi

Ha Pa3BHTHe ApeBHepyccmoro a3lInta

CTaPOCJIaBAHCKHM JIM gepxoBHoczaaqHclum AM:MOM Ha3731BaaTCA

TOT 513721C, Ha MOTOPER B IX Beme Kmpxxx H MatOAH* nepesexn c

rpellecitoro Ramta rAaBHue gepxoBinle OTO 6Nal no cymecTBy,

cirapo6oxrapcimiei 5131111C c BJIHRHHeM malcextoHcitoro Hapeling. B Te Aa-

zeicze Bpemenasitorwa Anciad:pepeHimagnsa CJIaBRITCHHX 5:13LIICOB 671.na eige

B Ha7laztHoR qTaAnx, cTapo6oxrapcxxii 513N1C 6bIJI 6JIH3ON IC

sawlicy Apyrnx exaBkH, B TOM cie n'piccEnx..

,-..r5:7".n."13,2b1:714Mitt.-11cre'77.1":1Trrm... 4.22V,,,hrtvrn ......rmuemeasx2atemensernicetrOittr Mitt

Korga B }mime X Beim Bcleasi Pycb eTaza xpracTraaHcitoil,

BMeCTe C XPHCTHaHCTBOM fl iiirJiii 0POCJITIce6HMe KIIMPH Harnacamme

Ha geplcosHoczaBaHcitom SI3EMe. ECTb AaHITHel nolcasbalamigrae, gTO

HHCbMeHHOCTb y*e cylgecTsosaxa Ha Pion 3agozro go npraHaTrasi xpra-

CTHaHCTBa (989) . Ho C npraHaTmem xplacTraaHcTEa H npme3gord B

ItHeB MHOPHX npegcTasraTexerr BH38HTHHCHOPO H 6oxrapcitoro gyxo-

BeHTCHa (clergy) pa3sraTreno HHOLMeHHOCTH 6101.71 gaH pemxTexrpHLIft

TOJPIOK.

Pa3BHBMHCb noA B.IIHRHHeM rpenecitoro 513LI1Cal gepitosHourassaH-

CHO ST3LIK HMea COBepmeHHLIM rpammaTmecmarr CTp0M, OTJIHgHLIe CTH

xxcTrepiecnIe cpegcTsa 6oraTyro .71excrincy. riplaga Ha Pycb Kam ICHIDIC

HEM SI3EM H npraToria SI3EM He Niy*OH, a 6.7na3K arr ,gper3Hepycmcomy, OH

He MOP He oKasam BJIHSTHHA Ha pasrosopma S13LIK TOP() spemerm.

C Tex nop B Telzeime page. Ber.cos B pyccItori maTepaType cy-

IgeCTBOBaarel H BcarenioAeilcusoBazz gtia penemix noiroKa pyccmall H

-gepHOBHOCJIaBSIHCI-CHR. CHHTe3 HX B ROHge KOHII0B npraBez B Hagme

XIX Helm K o6pa3oBaHyno egraHoro pyccitoro JuaTepaTypHorio sa3ronca c

OgeHb pa3seTEhmeHHoM CHCTeMOM OTHJIeR.

IleplcosHoczaBaHcmafl ST3LIK 61.1.71 npegcTarmeH B OCHOBHOM B

IcHrariax gepicor3Ho-doroczy*e6m1x: EBaHrieJnae, NCHTFISI CBS1TLIX ,(hagio-graphy = lives of saints), nponoBegH (sermons). B TO *e spemsa

HapogHo-pasroBopma exemeHTLI cogepwaxa arerrepaTypa cseTc}corio

HanparmeHrem: zeTornacra (chronicles) rpardoTE H goroBopror (charters

and treaties) ns HaKoHen, xygo*ecTseHHaa JIVITeparrypa, arum!

r711

namaITHvacom xoTopoR FIBJIFIeTC,54 "CJI0B0 o no.axy &tope He", o xoTopom

bygeT cxa3aHo Hnxce .

Halia.ao pyccxoil nmcbmeHHocTn

I4meloTca cse,qeHraa, %ITO ymeHne TIHTaTI, H rincam 3apogvutocrp

B gpeBHeri PyCH 3aAOJIII0 o IlpHILFITHS1 xppicTnaHcTsa B 989 P.

B EVITVIVI CB. KHIDHJIJIa mi linTaem, tITO B 850 P. no gopore VI3

BZ3aHTMI B 148.1DCTBO XO3a1D) OH no67233ax B Kpiamy B rpeTiecxoti ROJI0..-

Hrm XepcoHec (no-pyccim RopcyHb) . Tam, axonal, emy noxa3axn

HarincaHmae Ha pyccxom awance nplaBe.lin Ilexonexa, HoToprAl Ha-

ytjji TIVITaTID 3TH xHvIrra. Ho Hvixaxmc pyxonnceil (manuscripts)

HJIH KHHII OT 3TOPO nepreloga AO Hac He Ammo.

OT linescxoro nepHoga coxpaHmdlocrp He Tax mHoro nHcBmeHma

namATHyncos - scero 708 neprameHTHLuc (parchment) EHHP . KoHetiHol

KHHP Ha camom exe 611.710 mHoro 6o.urpure, xax moxcHo cygHTID no He-

xoTopum yxa3aHnam, cogepxcaummca B jleTonncax. MHorme KHrArn no-

PPICSJIH BO spema BORH H gpyr.nx 6egcTBrefrh H He A0111.711,1 go Hac.

HHTepecHo OTMeTHTID) TITO apxeo.aorreplecxne 0TKPLITHS1 noc.ueg.

HHX JleT npoansaloT cosepureHHo HOBBIR CBeT Ha cTeneHL rpamoTHocTn

(literacy) HacejleHrem B KVIeBCKVIVI nepHog . PaHee npegno.aaraxocb,

rpamoTHocTE. Tor,ga tilatna OC70,54HHeM y3ROP0 xpyra mogeti, r.nas..

ITEM o5pa3om CBS13aHHLIX C gepxonblo. Ho Tice B Haure Bpems1 B

OKPeCTHOCTFIX HOBPOp0Aa 6E4.710 HarlAeHO MHOPO nncem-3anracox, Ha-

nvIcaHHEx Ha 6epecTe (birch bark). MHorme H3 HMX OTHOCSITCS1 K

noBceAHeBHoil *M3HM Jfloie XII eim. Tax, Hanpplmep, myw, pa6oTa-

MMOI B noxe axexo OT Aoma, nvinieT weHe, nTo671 oHa npmcama emy

zomaA01; Apyroll - npocHT nprAczaTE, py6axy H T.A. 3TH Hax0A-

noxa3uBamT, 11TO rpamoTHumx B 3T0 Bpema 671.7114 Aaxe WeHIAHH11.

ApeBHepyccxym amTepaTypy MOZHO pacAemATB Ha ABa rzaBimix

BrelAa: pe.avirvio3Hym H CB3TCRyM. 06a 3TH BrAAa AexaTca B CBOM one-

peAL eige Ha 'rpm BHAEL: JigTepaTypy nepeBoAHylo, noApaNcate.mHylo

opreirrema.aBHym.

KorAa Ha Pycrel 6ux0 npremaTo xpreicTrelaHcTBO, nprel6mBmee B KffeB

rpenecxoe rei o..arapcicoe Ay X0BeHCTBO IIIDHBO3JI0 C co6oil Bce Hymme

gepxoBHme xmArrel. Bmecure c 6oroczyze6Rriamx xmAramrei B KvreBcxoil

Pycrei noaBmareicrp H pyrYte nepeBoAHme xmeirrel, xax pemirrvrocHoro co-

Aepwamira, Tax rei o6geo6pa3oBaTe.abH1iIe H aaxe noBecni nvIcTo CBOT-

cxoro coAepxcaHrela.

Pyccxxe .71mAx He TOJITDRO nepeBoAmax impirvi, Ho yr. Hanaam cam'

cocAaBaTB imcbmemime nporemBeAeHma, noApazaa BHanaxe Byl3aHTm2cxxm

o6pacgam.

OneHB pacnpocurpaHeHHBIm BrelAom peareirvio3Hoil merrepaTypu B

XI B. 451=4 tiNCHTHR". TOPAa LTJIO cocAaHo camenaTemHoe "XCHTme

Eopmca H rxe6a" A1357 CHHOBON EHR3R BaaArelmxpa c.iloAeRcxx y6nTiax

OpaToM CBaTonoxxom, caxBaTreiBmmm Bp:013HHO BZ/1CTL nocze cmepTx

.!

Boxbmoe pacnpocTpaHeHrele i HETepec suasaxx Taime "xox4eHr451"

(travelogues). Bygylix Tice xppicTrelaHamx, pyccime mogx HaHaxm

e3AHTb B CBSITEM mecTam. OCO6eHHO H3BeCTHO IlmoxcAe-

lime" B CasITylo 3eMJuo irymeHa (abbot) ZaHmeura. 3T0 "xo*geHrere"

OTHOCHTCA 1-t XII B. KOPAa PlepyCaJIHM 613IJI ocBo6oxgeH KpecToHoc-

4amx H Tam gapcTBosaz KopoJIL Baxgymi. IlosecTBosaHme 4aHmm.na

npomn,cHyTo mci-cpemulm VBGTBOMH 6.aaroroseHmem (reverence)

CBATOg 3emne. Y rpo6a rocnomm OH 3agpiraeT oBeNly "3a Bcex

IcHsneti Haurzx vi 3a BCIO PycCitylD 3eM.1110".

BaxcHhim cpegoTsom pacnpocTpaHeHRA xpxcTkaHci-coro riemisa

611.7114 nponoBegm (sermons). BOXbMOTI F3BeCTHOCTIDM nomp3osaxacb

nponosegb rune', EaK Torga rosoprelmels "Czoso o 3aRolie M Exaro-

AaTH" MVITP0110JIHTa 11.4.1I8.pHOH8. ItHeBCI-00110 (XI Bex). ManapRox 6HJI

nepBH14 KHeBCKH171 MKTp0HOJIPIT H3 pyccKpoc; go Hero BO rxase pyc-

cKoit npaBoc.gasHor71 gepHsz CTOSIJIH rpexx. "C.goBo" HanzcaHo 6r46-

xericKo EHIVICHTDIM 513111i0M. 110 CBOHM JimTepaTyprnam H 60rOC7IOBCKVIM

AOCTOHHCTBaM OHO moxceT 6111T13 nocTas.neHo Hapagy C xyliurzmz o6pa3-

4amx nponosegeil BH3aHTHIICKPIX nponosegHmKoB.

B pycci-coil JrzTepaType XI - XIII BB. 6o.moutok nonyzapHocTirm

no.7m3osaxcg Taime )1Calip cBeTcluix "nopiemel" (admonitions).

Ham6oxee 146BecTli0e H3. HX - noTleHme xlisna 13.71aAmmxpa MoHomaxa

CBOHM CEIHOB1351M. B.iiagmxp MoHomax (SEX He TOJIBICO OAHHM 143 JIktilitHX

pycci-mx IcHaaek' 'cBoero spemeHms HO HeCOMHeHHO 06.71aAa.11 H JIHTepa-

TypHum TaXaHTOM .

vaccrea--+Mt...,WelID=1.

"HopleHme" Bxagmmmpa MoHomaxa B nepBym ollepegb o6pameHo

ero geTam, Ho no cBoemy 3HalleHmm oHo xacaJlocE, Bcex pyccxmx mo-

geR. B TO Bpema gezeHme Pycm Ha oTgem)Hme xHaxecTBa pice 3am.ao

gaxexo, no3Tomy rixaBHOR 3a6oToR ICHR3R B.aagmmmpa 6ux0 coxpaHe-

HMe Pyccco 3OMJI 3a1gpTa ee OT BparoB. Ero coBeTu

CHHOBBRM, xax 6ygymmm ITOBHTeARM, OTZHIMMTCR n0pa3mTexrDHOR

PYMaHHOCTEM H OBHAeTeXLCTByKa 0 BECOKOM xyJIBTypHom ypoBHe,xo-

Toporo B KOpOTKHR cpox AOCTEP.aa KpleBcxaa Pycb. XapaxTepHum

AX.51 TOPO BpemeHm 6uxo TO, tITO Bxagmmmp MoHomax pemmTexEdio BOC

cTaeT npoTmB CMePTHOR Ka3HH, POBOPR:"HH npaBoro, HH BHHOBaTOPO

He y6mBaliTe, He nppixa3uBailTe y6pITE. gaxe TOPO, xoTopuil 3ac.aymcm-

BaeT cmepTm. He ryarre Hmxaxoll gymm xpmcTmaHcxori". OH PIHT

CBOMX geTeil *HTE, no-xpmcTmaHcxm H HacTamBaeT Ha Heo6xogmmocTm

o6pa3oBaHma: 'Nero 3HaeTe, TOPO He 3a6uBanTe, liero He 3HaeTe,

Tomy HaymmTecb. OTeg MOH H3TIIHJI IITb R3LIKOB, 3a TO H IOCTb emy

611.na B Apyrmx cTpaHax". CJIegyeT OTMeTHTTas ITO "HopleHme" B

6o.mmeil cBoeft liacTm HanmcaHo-He Ha gpeBHeczaBaHcmom, a Ha

gpeBHOpyccxom a3uxe. OHO TermeeT noTomy 6oJa1lloe 3HalleHme xax na-

MRTHHIC HOTOpHIleCKOPO pa3BmTma pyccxoro a3uxa.

MoHacTupm, xoTopue Halla.am BO3HHKaTra B KmeBcxoll Pycm

Bcxope nocze ITHHRTHR xpmcTmaHcTBa, cTaam geHTpamm pacnpocTpa-

HeHHR npocBemeLma B cTpaHe. MOHEICTLTH 611Lam Taxxe P.MBHUM HOT011.

HHKOM mcTopmllecxoR .71mTepaTypu a mmeHHO zeTonmceR (chronicles)

Tax B moHacTupax ropoga KmeBa B Hallaxe XII B. 6uxa co3gaHa

"HoBecTrD BpemeHmix zeT" ogmH H3 camux 3amellaTem.Hux

micIaleHmax HaMATHRHOB ApeBHeM PycH.

B co3gaHnx "HoBecT14" npHHHT.raz ytlacTne pszig JImg B Imcxe

HoTopux Ha3LIBal9T HecTopa - moHaxa KzeBo-Iletiepcxoro moHacTupyl.

3agatieti "IloBecTe 6LIJI0 BHACHRTID npompxoxcgeHme pyccxoro HapoAa

pyccxoro rocyAapcTBa. HopTolly B ME HaxoAHM He TOXIDHO

3anpici, co6LITAI goBegeHHux Ao 1110'110Aaj HO H cpicTemaTn3Hp0HaH-

T pyA Kax no HcTopm4 pyccxoro Hapoga, Tax 14 Tex. Hepyccxxx

HapogoB, xoTopue 5uxm o67DeAnHeHH B OAHO HmeBcxoe rocyAapcTso.

ABTOIDE "110BeCTR" cymeml Taxxce 7BR3aTID CTOPRM pyccxoro Hapoga

c IrcTopHeil Bcero tiexoBe-qecTBa. "110BeCTI) BpememiNx xeT" noc.JIyicrr-

za JL TpygoB no3gHeibinx xeTormcgeB, xoTopue npogox-

picaJTJI 3auncuBa1 CO6HTHA cBoero 13pemeHm.

5:13HH 'flosecTie - clitecID cTapocxaBsiHbxoro C pyccxxil .71R-

TepaTypinam A3HHOM B HatiazhHoil cTagmil ero pa3BHTHA, npreniem A3HH

6.71113H112 H xumoth PaproBopHoil petal pyccxxx moge2 XI BB.

npeo(5.aagaeT. CTapocxaBEHcxxil AaBIK BcTpeaeTc JIH1IIb B TeX Ilac-

TAX aeTonmcm, xoTopue xacamTcA pexpirmo3Hkx R gepxoBilux BonpbCoi3.

* *

Jiytp.m.m na0THlixom pyccxoR xyAoxcecTBeHHog JIHTepaTypla

exoro nepnoAa AB.1151eTCA "C.710330 o noaxy HropeBe'. .

(Lay of the

Host, of Isor) - "noBecTL" "necHL" o HeyAatiHom noxor_,Te H HA3A

Amwoommos.eameftlIalIMIUMMI=C1'n

Kam 3HameHHTaa divaHluacrcaa "HecHb o Pozaxge", mao6paxcaloigaa

rg6e.nb PozaHAa ero oTpsaga B POHCeBaJILCIC014 AOJ1HHe) "CJIoBo o

Ho.incy Hropese" paccmaaLlBaeT o Har.moxa.abHom rope - ri46exx HropeBa

Boric ma Ha perce Ka.ire B 1185 rogy.

TIMA cocTaBHTexa "CzoBa" HeH3BeCTH02 HO OH) HeCOMHeHHO2 6121X

BOeHHUM NiezoBemom - APPICHHHHIC OM, X01301110 3HEIROMEM C C06111THAMH2

O icoTOpux OH nmcax. Kpome TOP 0 aBTOP 06.11aAaJ1 BIZAMOWHMCSI JIHTepa-

Typxiam TazaHTom. OngpasacL Ha Tipaxmgm Hap 0,14H Oft 1103314142 X0p OHIO

3Haa Arome o6paagbi opHrHHa..mHo i nepeBogHoil .irgepairypu, oH

cymex AOCT141.111 B CBOeM npoH3Begemm Tamoil xyAoxcecTBeHHOM mpacomi

H CMJThI, %ITO ero 1110H311eXH He TOJIBICO B POCCHH2 HO H 3a rpammeti

OAHHM. H3 remlaxbHeilmmx npegcTaBHTexeM pyccicoil xyAosecTBeHHOM MO

331414 paHHero nepHoga. Bora Taa xerccvaca "CzoBa" gmeeT orpomHoe

3HatleHHe gJIS1 H3yiaexma pa3Bwrim pyccicoro .7mTepaTypH0r0 aamca.

Py1C011HCb "C.noBa" 6bura HaNxtel-ra B 1 795 P B OAHOM H3 IICICOBCICHX

moxacTupetf. Opgrpmax pylcormcx cropex B Mocicse BO Bpema noxcapa

B 1812 r oAY.

.14wrepec IC "C.noBy o

Cita Junieparype. MHorge

1

HoAN y HropeBe" O. CHX 110p sgBeT pyc-

nylcaTexm nepeBommx 11C.110B0" Ha coBpemeH-

HuM pyccludi R3HIC HomeAH4 o%lefib

mexig nepeBo4

YAaturbiti B xyAmiceCTBeHHOM 0 THO

611.71 cAexaH yxce B coBeircicoe Bpema 1103TOM Hpaccumem

.3a6o.irogicHm. liomno3iTop BOIDOAHH Hanmcaz Ha TeMY CJthBa" H3BeCT

Hylo orlep.y "ItHa3b ,Hropb' .

IIJIABA III

XIII - XYII BEHA

MOCK OBCKa IIEPHOA

B X m XI Bexax ItmeBcxoe rocygapcmo nponBeTaxo i4 gocTmr.no

xpyrnmix ycnexoB B CHOeM xy.nbTypHom Pa3BXTXX.

Omiaxo, Ha Inmaa c XII Bexa, no.noxceHme HatimHaeT yxygulaTbca.

Apo6.71eHme (morcellation) ISHANCeCTBs IIOCTORTIfflie ccopia Boi

meNcAy ICHS13bSIMH npmBeam i< OCJIa6JIeHXIO CTpaHLI.3TXM BOCIIOJIb3OBaJIXCE

xotieBble miemeHa xlepHomopcxmx cTeneR, xoTopHe cTaxm BC; %lame Ha-

nagan, Ha pyccxylo 3emmo, rpa6R ix wiczrag ropoga m ce.na 14 yBOASI B

n.neH JicxTezeil. CHaCaSIC172 HacezeHme cTaxo nocTeneHHo pcogrelTro _B

xecHile o6.nacTm x BepxoBbsam pexm BOJIPX i4 Oxm. Salm( o6pa3om

geHTp TsvicecTm rocygapcTBa nepememaxca Ha ceBepo-BocTox Ha Tep-

pmTopmo coBpemeHHoil EBpOrIecKO qacTI4 CCCP.

OxoHtiaTe.abHuti ygap KmeBcxomy rocygapcTBy 6LIJI HaHeceH Ha-

nageHmem HOHOPO X He0MCIV:IaHHOPO Bpara - MOHPOJIIDCHXX nozEung qXH-

11113-XaHa. Pyccxme 5LIJII4 pa3 611TE B HeCHOJIIDHXX 611THEIX, 14 crpaHa

nonaza Ha 250 JIeT nog HJIaCTI3 MOHPOJI0B2 xoTopux pyccxme Ha3mBa-

JIH TaTapamm. Ilelia.nEdnam no.noNceHmem noxopeHHoR cTpaHN cTapaxmcb

BOCIIOJI1,30BaTbCSI m ee 3anaAimie cocegm - unBegu, He/yaw vurroBing

HOJISIISH 3axBaTsBaa norpaHmtimie c HmAlm o6.71aCTH pyccita

B pe3yJIBTaTe Tairapcxoro HaulecTBma pyccxme He TOJILHO HOMIXHXXXCE

B.naCTI4 TaTap Aailia (tribute), oxaaaxmcb

Taxxce oTpe3aHHHilm OT ocira.mHofi TBporna m cTaxrd OTCTaBaTb OT

7.71=TVI.ZI,X=C5=7=ZUVIP===.1,2=EMonzmatmacommarmormommonm

xyAbTypHoro pa3BmTma.

B 3Ty 3noxy, moTopaa B cmpemeHHOM COBOTCHOM picTopmorpa#m

HammaeTca nepmoxkom dpeoAmbHofei pa3Apo6.71eHHocTm 3 B.HOBNX

geHTpax pyccita 3em.nm pa6oTa.um AyxoBHme nmcaTe.um, Bumeame 113

KmeBa m npoxko.imaBmme Tpamigmz itzeBcitoK AmTepaTypu. HopTomy

KHHHCHOCZaBRHCHA Tmn a3buta coxpaHmAca noTiTm B HOH3MOHOHHOM

BmAe BO Bcex OTA3X12HEX pYCCHla RHymecTBax. "(ITO *e macaeTca Ha-

poAHo-miTepaTypHoro Trerna R3HREI, TO OH, 6yAylill T3CHO CBSI3aH C

WIBOR HapoAHoti pelibm H yCTHHM 1103THIleCHHM TBOWleCTBOM, OCTOCT-

Bemio, oTpa*a.71 pacTymge AmaJlexTHme pammlima.

KorAa *e Hallaxocb o6BeAmeHme pyccmrem 3eme.nb Boxpyr MOCHOB-

CKOPO imaxecTBa H cApa3oBa.nocb, Hammeg, HOBO@ geHTpammoBaHHoe

rocyAapcTBo, nocTeneHHo 143 pa3Hmx AmaxexToB Bmpa6oTaxca e4lIMHB2

R3HK Bemacopyccica HapogHocirm.

B' XIII Beim pyccime 3emmi x 3anaAy OT 4tHenpa m oc5.71acTb

Boxpyr KmeBa 6LIAM 3axBalleHm .7114ToBgamm m noTepazm CBS131) c ocTajlb-

HO Pycbm. Pa3BmTme a3buta B HMX noun() CBOHM OCO6HM nyTem m B

pe3ydibTaTe CJIONCHJIHCB yze He AmaxeRTE, a R3EXII -.ymparemcludi

6exopyccmmii. DTH ABa a3buta BMOCT3 C pyccxmm COCTaBJIRMT Tenepb

BOCT011HO-CALIBRHCKyM rpynny R3HKOB.

Onmcbmaemoe Taxe.ime Bpema Ha Pycm 6m.no He6.71aronpgaTHilm

Aza pa3BmTma miTepaTypm. HacezeHilm HTICHO 671.710 nepemaTb Bce 3TH.

6e4ZICTBHR 14 He norrer6HyTb. Eopb6a 3a cymecTBoBaHme CTORX8. Ha

nepBom mecTe. Bed 'Re B paemax ropoAax, r.naBHum o6pa3om B

4

moHacTmpax, npoAo.axamel COCTaBXATE, xeTonmcm. HOSIBXAXMCID pa3Hue

cKa3aHms m moBa , onmcmBaBlume rpo3Hue co6uTras TaTapcKoro

HamecTBms. Hem3BecTHO aBTop Hanreicax "C.71oBo o norm6exm Pyc-

cKoil 3emme. EnpicKon CepanmoH B CBOMX nponoBeAsx npoBoAmx mucJITD,

11TO TaTapu, KoTopme "3emmo:Hamy nycTy coTBopmma (laid waste)"

- 3T0 3HaK rHeBa Bommero (divine wrath).CepannoH .npref3mBax pyc-

citrax K noKasHino (repentance), KoTopoe oAHo moNceT 1436aBraTb mx-OT

eige 6ompulefi c5eAu.

IILiIM roAu. Zaxe HaxoAscra B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT TaTap M nxaTa

AaHTD, pyccKoe HacexeHme Haliaxo noHemHory cnpaB.asTbca. HOBLIM

saneHmem B XM3HM cTpaHm 6m.ao nocTeneHHoe ycimeHme payee He3Ha-

1114TeXIDH0r0 MOCKOBCROPO KHAXeCTBa. B03BMMeHMM MOCKBM cn0c06cTB0-

Baxo ee reorpadimpiecKoe noxoxeHme - Ha nepecelieHmm ToproBux ny-

Terei B geHTpe pyccKoR paBHMHu. Kpome TOP0,- BO maBe MoCKOBCKOPO

KHAXeCTBa oKa3a.acs paA cn0c06Hmx M HepriviHux KHA3eM. OHM YM-

JIM xopomme OTHOMeHMA C TaTapamm M B KoHge KoHgoB,no

nplum3y xaHa, MOCROBCKMe IH3b cTaJIM MMeHOBaTIDCA "BeJIMKMMM

IiHR3LAMM". TaKram oc5pa3om OHM noxylimm nepBeHcTBymee 3HalieHme

B TorAamHell Pycm. Houle 3TOPO ycpuleHme MOCKBM nomo eige oee

6ucTpmm Temnom.

K KoHgy XIY BeKa MOCKBa noliyBcTBoBaxa B ce6eAOcTaTcilmo

cra.m, liTo6u BucTymITE, npoTraB TaTap. PYCCKoe BolicKo no,runpeA-

BOAMTeXIDCTBOM MOCKOBCKOPO KHk3A eammTpreis (BnouleAcTBIna. no-.

JITIMBluero.Ha3BaHme "ZoHcKoro') noxxo Ha MP 3a geKy_ZOH HaBcTpe-

y TaTapcKomy BoticKy xaHa Mamas.

1 6

PII0OHHOELLOOSHOil Koaoa aorexisI x orkfttoaradu 00Eh aodoIox '(sp.lom

Jo Suptvanua4uT panT13uoo) 11O8OIfO 9PIH919IfII 90dIPIX II 90W9BEI1'IOEH 5I131

isoIeuralsou cupoxSo aRdoIoxell'm SIoloodu oloao Ieudea, Becdu

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(9519E1 X. El BEE,LOHEZIOXdX we

....1611P1dLI EC EIfEtil012'9IfOOII EHIf0E1 BEEldell) EXHISPEIfEE OLIOHOHISEIBIf0....OHNCOI

varoa IsEdoIa Brug oIe Saxoox a qourEdmpodu gxodSI 10 901SE0

'HISEIBIf0 XIgHNCOI OELLO9hPlIfOH oOHqIceJmBHc SIA/OIC011 BEIOCTIO0

OLI0510HEHICEa 9P1H13E190EIBO PlIfEhEH 145IdSI PlHeltiedEl SIALOIE

'XISLI9,10 XPIHOdONLOHdeh El 9 '11.1405ErleEl0If0 ll eIfIA/90

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IfEriBLIEE- OsLOBh iirmulTraoTegn doIsu reiMILLOGEICIeleH 95IrIOIS

cloyedugevd OxOIfu '05IEHri() eHIcrrwOHdAJ1BdeJHr W90E1 0E1 Z OH

'XISPIHeZEdIcIEE X xEcudpo 3mm:rano El 051clIfOI 9H II esedoax SHIf0I1 0

SHOW% 19SV9If0 01c1I0OHIf0II 9PIHECE510 Ole (pecuoci

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El VOICO Fly15139SIca 0IfZEIBIO0 WOHOI Noxed EC 9P1H9X13d0 9051ZIfeg

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....ISIfEEIS 9H IcIdEJ113I OsLh 'Pilfer/ZEES auxooSd oH SHEd10 apeo relIfIelHZhV011

Baolio clourSadea ndBIBI SVoLl watmSValco g *Eau oaoxodBIusi, tallom

0IfEMEHOO 911 eITT9 OIC (Q90 L) OELLOLI99 xx urza,udpo x xrup

-ead auxooSd eIf0II rioaoxkueSH BH asIreig Nolumeodumaothi x KOIL'eXCISI

TexcTa. EpHmepom momceT CXY*HTB "EHTHe" CBRTOPO CTedimHa Eepmcmo-

ro, aamenaTempHoro npeAcTaHHTexa pyccxoft npasoczaHHo* gepitHH,

HoTopmff TIOCEIRTIVI CBOM Na431-113 nponoHeAH XPHCTHaHCTBa CpeAH Hapo-

AoH, Hacexamumx aanaAHme cicaoHm YpaxbcitHx rop.

B 1480 r. ripm BexpiKom KHaae KBaHe III MocRoHcRaa Pycb OHOH

naTexIDHo ocHo6oAH.nacT, OT TaTapcmoN.aaHracHmocTH. MOCHOBCKHft BeJIH

mra KHR3b CTaHOBHTCR nocTeneHHO X03R1HOM sod! cTpaHm H rzaHoM

geHTpazHaoHaHHoro rocyAapc.rHa. Bcij 3T0 noAHazo Ayx pycommx

Aetiom BMeCTO npexcHell HOAaBXeHHOCTH HORBXReTCR plce nymoTHO Ha-

gHoHaxE,Hdi ropAocTH.

B 1453 rou-KoHoTaHTHHonomp 6131x B3RT TypicamH,H BraaaHTHHcmaa

Hmneprela, noczeAHHH ocTaTom PHmcitoM HmnepHH, nepecTaxa cylgecTElo-

Barb. MbCKBa ocTaxacb eAHHCTBeHHAM xpynHilm XIDHCTHaHCICHM rocyAap-

CTBOM Ha BocTome. TorAa we.y HemoTopmx pycommx xioAeM noasHaacb

IMICXby nTo Moclula - HaczeAHHga BH3aHTHH. HoTHHHaa (true) sepa

nepeuma H3 PHma B BH3aHTHM, a H3 BH3aHTHH BllocxBy. CzeAosaTexrp-

HO, MOCKBa - TPeTHR H., max POBOPHXH, noczeAHHR PHM. lamarD aTa

EmpaxceHa B npoHaseAeHHax nHcaTexa moHga XY H Hanaza XIJI sema

cTapga "4,E3a y6o PHma naAoma", nHcaz OH, "a TpeTHil (Mo-

cicHa) CTOHT, a neTHepTomy He 6111TH".

JIM6CMETHEM npoHaHeAeHHem XY Helm RBXReTCR "Xo*AeHide aa TpH

mope itynga AcfpaHacHa HHHHTHHay npeAnpremmumoro pyccmoro nexoHe-

ma. OH noexax cHanaza B EepcHm, Aymaa aasecTH c Toprosxm,

HO'B KOHge HOHgOB Ao6pazca Ao HHAHH, rAe H *MX HOCICOJILICO XeT.

ZeHer OH He Hammas Ho aanHcax mHoro HHTepecmax cHeAeHreIR o cTpa-

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IITO OH nonax B HHAHIC) AO TOPO, Rax mopcxoil nym TyAa oTxpwl

nopTyraxen Ba cx o-Ae-l'ama .

* * *B Ill Bexe pyccHHH E311IC B cBoem pa3BHT14111 yHrez HaCTOJIM-CO

Aajlexo, Tax H3meHmacT) ero rpalmanniecxasa cTpyxTypa H zexcHxa,

%ITO cTapoczaBaHcxHft antic nepecTaeT BocnpHHHiviaTrDca max "NCHBOR

313TiHn) max 3TO 6TVIO B 3noxy ItHeBcxoti PycH. TorAa cTapoczaBsaHcxHiel

a Mt 6m.a eine 6JIH3OH H NCHBOMY pa 3r oBopHomy sa3mxy Hme.a oAHHax o-

ENO c Hmr rpammannecxze cPopmhl. Tenepb Nce, B CBS13H c pocTom geH-

TpampHoro ailMHHHCTpaTHHHOPO annapaTa, pa3BHBaeTca "AezoBoti 5a3s1Ic11,

Ha xoTopom BeJIHCb A exa H nepenzcxa B MOCHOBCICHX "npHxa3ax" (Gov.

Departments). 3T0T R3mc, 6JI1/13}C1)111 x pa3roBopHomy, oxanmax 6o.in-

111003 BJMAHHe Ha IIHCBMOHHOCTL. B pe3yJILTaTe pacnaAa CHCTOMH IIABy-

a3TnHa" natna 3a.iimeHa ocHoBa cHcTemia HanHoHampHoro anuca.

* * *

B napcTBoBaHHe HBaHa rpooHoro (1533-15814) cze,AyeT OTMeTHTTD

A ORTOJILHOCTb AmTponomna MaxapHsa, HpHHFIBillePO yliacTHe B gepxoB-

HOM CC/dope (Council) pyccxoft gelOHBH B 1551 roAy. MHTp0HOJIHT Ma-

xapHfl COCTaBHJI moHymermamanaR TpyA "IleTT3H-MHHee (oT pyccxoro

1111 H rpeviecxoro tt mentt - mecsin), T.O. NCHT1451 CBS:ITEM, pacno-

zoacemnie B xa.neHAapHom nopslAxe no mecanam. C HmeHem MaxapHsa H

HMOHOM rpO3HOPO CHST3aHO oTxpTarrze nepBoti pyccxoti TznorpacInm.

HepBaa xxvira - AnocTox Acts of the Apostles) 611,na HanenaTaHa

B 1564 roAy.

I4BaH lipoamaft npoBomm nommen-cy rAeHirpammagrem, rip TelMeHSIR

npx 3T OM Calkble xecToIcHe mepm. OH oco6eHHo npeczegoBax JiloAeil

max x.naccoB - HHa3eil H osap, HoTopinc oH noxco3peBax - XXX gexaji

BHA, %ITO nogoapeBaeT - B DEe.aamm orpaHwEIHTB 8110 BJlaCTID . KHS:13b

Kyp6 CEP1119 0,414H 1,13 pycoicxx BoeHaAaJILHHICOB 14BaHa rpo3Horo B BOrlHe

c llojmnie,. npoHrpax He6o.arDnioe cpaxerme. Xoponio 3Haa H B <dis-position) gapa, oH Honyrazca HH3HH H nepedexcax IC Bparam.

Iloo.ne 3T 0110 OH Hanvicaz HBaHy 11p03HOMy AJIHHHOe noc.aaHvie 9 B HOTOOM

OCHHHSIJI napa B XeCTOI-C OC TX H HecnpaBeAJIVIBOCTH X onpaBANBax ce6a.

HBaH rp 3HMIA OTBeTHJI Ityp6cmomy, ocNnaa ero 6paHblo (abuse)onpaBANBaa CB010 110JIXTHICY . OHM 06MeHSIJIHCb e14e HeCROJILICHMX no-

CJIaliXAMX B TOM 51te yxe, npwaem o6a, B 000HHOCTH rpoamati, rio-

Ica3aJlH oe651 He3aypamn1mx nHcaTexamx. Xx noc.namia, Ham/mm*1111e NcH-

BEM 5:131311COM, He TOJILIC 0 0 CBel4a1OT VICT Op Prq e CICHe C005LITHS1 T OP 0 Bp eMeH1,19

HO X SIBJ15:110TCF1 geHHTIM maTepHa.aom VI H3yIeHMsI pa3Brerrvia pyccitoro

JuvrepaTypHoro 5137a11ca.

3 gpyrzx nvicbmeHmax flMTHfflCOB XYI Beim oco6eHHoe

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T OP 0 BpemeHH, HX HpaBoB H o6LriaeB. CoBena, cogepxceugvieca B "AO-

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C .711060B b10 nprenniman, I4 co clipaxom czynraTb' .

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(yAap), xorAa 6Bemb pe6eHxa: H6o eczn naxxoR 6Bemb ero, He ympgT,

HO 3AopoBee

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Ha cTpaHe. B pe3pn,TaTe, nocxe Toro max B 1598 roAy oxoHnimacr,

AnHacTna Pmprenta, H POCCHH HacTynnxo Tax Ha3mBaemoe "CmyTHoe

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Pr

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mHocTpaHHoe, eHponelicxoe BAHRHHe. 0AHaxo BXHAHHe 3TO He 61cao

.npaumm, a npoxoAmxo nepe3 noxi,cmo-ympamicx0 dOHAT,Tp.

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ocHoHaHa CzasaHo-rpexO-aaTmHcmaa axagemma. OTO zeT OnycTa B

Hei ynmaca seammmil pycommil yneHEIM AOMOHOCOB.

CamNti 6oxbmoil caeA B pyccxoti ..71mTepaType Toro HpemeHm

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TaXaHTAMBHM H IIA01J0BHTER nmcaTexh. OH o6paTHJI Ha ce6a BHHMaHHe

gapa Aaexcea Mmxatizomina H 6mx Ha3HaneH ynmTexem ero cramoHeM.

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conmeHma H Aa*e TeaTpaabHme rmecra (TorAa 1112C Hamsaam "xomeAmm:9

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Mocime, rAe Ao TOPO Bpememl c moimm 6mam 110xiTH He3HaxoMm. llapb

Axexcefl MmafixoBgli noxio6ma TeaTpaabHme npeAcTameHga, H wig

cTaag AaBaTE.ca npg ePO ABope.

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Aa, ero CTHXH - mg max TorAa roBopmg "Blipme (verse) - He

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omm6o1C, xoTopue B Tenelme BexoB Haxongavicr, npvi nepengcxe. DTO

npgBeao x 3HatigTeabHmm nepemeHam B 6oroc.apice6Hmx ,(liturgical)

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amAeR, cnivraBmgx Taxge nepemeHm epeTwiecxvimm (heretical).

B pe3yaBTaTe B pyccxoll gepxBvi BO3HHH pacxox (schism), czel

xoToporo coxpaHmgcb Ao Haunix AHett.

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CR BmAammgmca namaTHgxom ApeBHett pyccxoR JurrepaTYPE.

* * *

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0,rmaxo 110JIb3ySICID X ymyramm, mocxBmm He goBepa.am mHocTpaHnam

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Tax HamBaemym "Hemenxylo c.no6oAy" (suburb). Tem He meHee nocTo-

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Tax, Hanpmmep, nacTopy Hemenxolii c.no6oxuai Pperopm 6Tatno-nopyneHo

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rupecIa.

XOTA neliaTHoM ra3eTri TorAa He 611.710, HO B HOCO.AbCROM npm -

xaae (= MmHmcTepcTBo mirocTpammuc ,ge.71) cira.am COCTaBJISITb A.1131

napa pyxonm.cmue CBOAR111 Baxmeilumx co6LITO TorAauniero BpemeHm.

Ba*HO OTMeTHTID %ITO ycluleHme 3anaAmoro BJIHRHHA B POCCHH

npmBe.no c 3meHemno ongero xapaxTepa pyccxolei JimTepaTypht. HOSIBH-

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HN xapaXTep: HpaBormire.mmati (didactic), 6131ToBoDi H caTmpmliec-

xmH. 4o Hac gomm,Hanpmmepi, noBecTm o "CaBBe PpyAgEHe" m "rope

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cTax *PITT) B Beammotel usaBe R 6011aTCTB03.

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npvntaaa., KOTOIIIRXRH npoga..71 nmegam scastne-To cescpeTHEe AostymeHTE.

HcnyraBsumcb Harca.3aHm, oH 6excax aa rpaHrimy orca.3axca B

Tam 3TOT paHHHil "HeBo3BpameHeg" Hanncax gasa urBeAoB csoe convsHe-

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BmecTe C Tem ropgocup MOCHOBCHRX JII0Aeft. HO-BRARMOMy, OH 611IJI

JsoBest ymindi H Ha6moga.TeabHuil, B ero Om/scam/sax ecTb 3118.TIRTeJI13-

Haa AOJIR npaBgbi, Ho HecomHeHHo Talon npeyBemoseHrde, Jserxo

06141CHRM0e B ero nomxcemelm. KOHIJJI KOTOMHXRH HJI0X0 - OH 611IJI

Ma3Hell B E.BegRR 3a y6nRcTBO cBoero X03ARHa B IlLAHOM Bmge.

* * *

B 3asmsolieHrise moxcHo cita'3aTb, TITO XYII Best 6bm gza Poccrim

onox0 nepexogHoR. Uap Axescceti MvsxatbsoBvin npvioncpbm orcHo B

EBponyr. H CTapasa, Tpa.AnstraoHHak xcvi3Hb MocitoBdscoM Pycvi Hatia.na no-

cTenekHo IlleHATLCa. EPO CETI, HeTp Be.?nntrinl,unspolco pacmpbm !TO

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nepnie "cBeTcHHe" ylnumiga, TorAa Halt Ao Hero Aexo odpaaoBaHma

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gapcTBoBaHma ReTp Aymax o6 ynpexcAeHHH AkaAeMHH, HO oTxpiaTa oHa

diaza pice noc.ne ero cmepTH B Homo 1725 roAa.

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coAepxcama Axa pacnpocTpaHeHma HX cpeAll Hace.neHma. KHHPH 3TH 6E7

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dIVIO ero 3acopeHme BapBapHamamH M infocTpammAH CJI0BaMil AaNce

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ro coAepmcaHHa, ReTp nomsexax, liTodu 0h1 OTJIHIlaJIHCb CBOHM BHeunund

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geahm BBea HOBO rpa*AaacluIR mpRopT, npm6JunicaBnAca 6ozee

TY ZaTHHCROMY.

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ra3eTa "BeAomocTre (1703), HoTopaa nenaTaxacr, ROBLIM rpaxmaacimm

mprepTom. 3Ta ra3eTa coAepxcaaa HpaTmme cBeAeavla o CO6MTHRX BHyTpM

cTpaam pr 3a rpaimgeR.

B HeTpoBcHym anoxy pyccmaa JarrepaTypa He noRa3aza cmomato-

HH6YAL 3aMeTHOP0 1::')a3BHTHR, TaR Ham anoxa 3Ta B OCHOBHOM 611.Aa

nocBameHa pedpopmam npIcTo npamTmnecHoro xapaxTepa.

TOJUIRO C cepeAmirm XYIII BeRa, B gapcTBOBaule Eax3aBeTm -

Aonapm HeTpa I, pyccmaa merepaTypa npoAomIca.na cBoe pa3BMTple.

Tax Kam Poccma B TO Bpema McmaTBBaxa pica crumace B.maapre 3a-

naAHo1 Empoum, TO pr maTepaTypa ee niza B 3HanpmearDHOR cTeneHM

noApaacaTearpHoR. B'my.nr,TypHom OTROMeHHH camoR nerleA0BoR cTpaHoM

TorAa -611ma (Dpamplas rucfppaHgy3cHoe'Baxam4e,raaBamm o6pa3om H,

nYBCTBOBEIZOCI, B pyccmoR meiTepaType.

B anoxy Bo3po*AeHma (PeHeccaac) Empona nocze maorxx npo-

mem= BemOB CHOBa o6paTrulacE. R aaTvInaoR JulTepaType. XmAm pe-

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MH rpegrm H PHMa 6HTII He moeTio MX TBOPeHHEM M02010 TOJILRO

noApamcaTb.

Tax BO3HHR 4paag13cmla maccr403m XYIII Bexa, npOcJlaBJIeH-

mi KopHean Pacrma M Mbabepa.

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(100YVH0101110Hej 'XISHH9V89OHOthi XHOHO.H Md0IBthilIHY clIB90V9W0

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OCTaHJIFIFI B .c.ropOHe npocHeTwre.imHylo H Harmylo AeRT@JMHOCTb

PellHaJMHOPO pyccHoro ytieHopoM.B. JIomoHocona (1-711 1 765) Ham

He OTHOCSIIIIZIOCSI IC Teme.Haigero H3JIONC@HHFI, He06X04HMO OTMeTETI,

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B COOTB@TCTBRH, dO CBOHMH B311J1$14kaMH Ha $131211C, JIomoHocon 13a-

ICOHHJI HapoAHylo pew:, Ham cocTaHHyRi zaCTb merrepaTypHord samixa H B

TO *e Hpema CHABHO OPPaHHTIHJI B HeM npnmeHeHHe CJIaBSIFICICOPO saamca.

OH coaAax Teopmo Tpe± CTMJIe BLICOICOPO (oat, repowlecxxe no3laa,

CTELTIDII B npoae o "Ha*Hux maTeprdax") cpeAHero ("ApyRoacxxe nHcbma,

caTpipm, 3JI@PHH H .T..II.), .inemicoro: (HomeAHH, necemze anxrpammH,

onpicaHHe -npocTinc.Ae.71).. Cam JIomoHocoH nHcaz 0.11.131 TOPHC.FiCTB@HHIIM H

513MICOM BnoJiHom COOTB@TCTBI'M C BeJIIVIHeM HX Tel/. ,I0M0.

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K H.HM OH npH6eraz TOJMICO TorAa, HorAa .He HaX04HJI COOTB@TCTBy

IOIIIHX CJIOB B pycCHOM 543141Ce. Tax, Haripmep, OH, Briez TepmHHH"ro

PH3OHT", "(1) y.na"opm 1I6apomeTp", "aTmoccpepa" Ap. JIomoHocon

COCTaBlIJI Taxxce pyccHylo rpammaTHxy.

* * *

HapsrAy C H.HaccHimmom BO .HTopoil IIOJIOBHIle XYIII B. 3apoAH-

JIHCb B PYCCHOR zwrepaType HoHLie BeSITIHFI C@HTHM@HTaJIH3M H Ha-

pea.nHama. HaH6o.nee apxo IIPOSIBHJIHCID peamicTreriecHme MOTHBM

B HomeAHax 4.1f. cDoHBH3v1Ha (1744-1 792). HaH6o.aee H3HecirHa ero

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ocys/AeHHeld T1ThIXH HeoOpa3oHammlx npeAcTamprrezeN nomemermeR

cpeow. B KOMe/AHH, B Tmcze Apyrisix AetiOTHY1011411X JIMA, HpeACTEIBJII3H

HeCH00061-111ff IC Haylsam H JIeHHBEIH,MOJIOAOR rpy6mg napalm MwrpotaH H

npliiireAun4 B 70CTI4 lIpammem. Mum ripmmowerTca cgeHa ax3amexa, Ha

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lIpooTaxOHa H nozoRcHTeju,Ho paccyNcAammali nepcoHaRc Isomeam - CTapo-

AYm

UpaBAHH:

MyrpocpaH:

IIpaHAHH:

liwrpocpaH:

IIpaHAHH:

IIHTpapaH:

r-sca IlpocTaxosa:

IlpaHAHH:

CgeHa"axsameHEY MwrpocbaHa

KoTopa AseprD1 BOT aTa.

STa? IlpHaaraTem,Ha..

Ilagemy se?

IloTomy ITO okia npHaoaceHa 1< cHoemy itecTy.BOT y NlyzaHa (store-room) ulecTa HeitexHABepb CTOHT He HaBemeHa, Tax Ta noxamecTcylgeoTHIne.IMHE1.

Tax nosTomy y Te651 czoBo"Aypax"npHsnaraTem,-Hoe, noTomy Imo oHo rzpRzaraeTca x rzynomyIlezoBexy?

M Be,gomo .

liTo, Halms& mon 6aTiomxa?

fleJ1B35 1 xygme. B rpammaTHice oH czyzeH.

MHTpapaH (THxo maTepH): ja R., He Hosuly B T 0.711C, 0 'IBMonpamHsamT?

(1IpaHAHHy): Kass 6aTiounla Ha anaz TM Hayxy-TO?

reorpaitHa.

MHTpc4aHy): Caunam, eopracpm.

P-Hca IlpocTaxosa

ripaHAHH:

P-Hca IlpocTaxoHa

31 ;.*

Mrapod:paH: Aa ITO Tamoe? rocnomi, Boxe monHplicTaxm c HOXOM R ropxy.

P-xca HpocTaxona (11paBAMHy): H Betgomos 6aTIonaca. orta cmaxn emy,CAeJlaii MHJIOCTbs xamaa aTa Hayxa-TO:oH e H paccxwEeT .

HpaBAMH, OnvicaHHe

P-xca HpocTaxona (CTapoAymy): A x nemy 6m 3T0 c..nyxamo HanepB0 caynaH?

CTapoAym: Ha nepHLIM cariati roJioc K Tomyt%ITO exce.api 6 CJIIIMJI0Cb exam, Tax aHaemb,ity,ga eAeuth.

11-za HpocTaHoBa:

CTap0AyM:

rxca HpocTaxona:

Ax, mon 6aTIcomal Za M3B0114HICH-TO Ha ITO X?DTO MX Ae.ao. DTO TaltH H Hayxa-To He ABopmr-alma. ZBOpSIHMH TOXBRO cxamm: noBeax MeliaTplas - cpeayT mpla M3BOJIHIIM. MHesMOBepbsdaTIOMRas ITO, KOHeIHOs TO B3A0ps nero HeaHaeT MprrparpaHylinca.

Os ROHeIHOs cyAaptaHas B IeJI0BexieCHOMHeBexcecTne (ignorance) necrpma yTelunTear,-HO cnnTam Bce TO aa HaAop, nero He aHaeurb.

Be3 Hayx mom' xarmyT H NCHJIH.

* * *

Hocaemiga TieTBepTb Beim 6maa BpemeHem pacgneTa TBopnecTna.

r .P . Zepacamma ( 174.3-1816) nowra, XOTOPh1 coecTBOBaJI yTEep-

NUtemno B arerrepaType peaanama, HecmoTpa Ha cPopmaJILHylo npviHaA.nex-

HOCTb ero no33HH IC xxaccvnmamy. ortepxcaBrm oxaaa..n orpomHoe

BJIHRHHe Ha coBpemeHHym emy JIHTepaTypy H dux npiaaHaH Bearviall-

mmm noaTomMTIII Beim. HcToppla noATHepArma HpaBHJILHOCTb .3TO1

ogeinm. OAH orteppicawnia, B xoTopux ero TaxaHT oco6eHHo apxo npo-

RBIVICH, HanHcaHLI co aHannTe.mmasH OTCTirMeHH.CIMH OT oftninix

npviemoB xxaccvaumma. TOpiteCTBeHHOCTb H BeXHIaBOCTb TOHa H

a3

anima Aeimicamniciunc og TO H ge.no nepenemaxyrca myTHOH, menczmH

Hapogmamx c.nosamm, peamiCTIVIeCKIAMPI aapvicoBicamm. TaHoe cmemeHme

Ha3a.nocb cme.mm 1 gep3oc.rm (temerity), Ho oHo nporemBogrehnocb

macTepc}coii py1<o i coagaBa.no oco601, gepwasin clua CTHJIL. AcLarme

rogial noc.ne cmepTra aBTopa Talcze cTraxoTBopeHmas Ham "Bort", "cI)e-

maga", "Be.mmoxca" H gp. 6LIJI1! 1!3BeCTHE Icamcgomy pyccicomy 06pa30 -

BaHHomy'nexoseicy H 3ariremaxmcB Ham31cTB.

B npora3Begemax H.M.Kapam314Ha (1766-1826) no.nrirem clime Ha-

146o.nee no.infoe HupaxceHne ceHTrameHTaxm3m. OTH.neneHHOCTH x cxema-

T1!3M1 Imaccmgm3ma ceHTrelmeHTaxm3m npoTmBonocTaBmx (to oppose)

HoincpeTHOCTB B 143o6paxceHreix ne.noseica H olcpyxcaioukeH ero o6c.raHomcm.

IllacaTem4 cewrrameHTaJILHoro HanpaaneHreur 060PaTHJM pyCCICHrl Juvrepa-

TypHmH 513EM, npmgami emy PH6HOCTI, H BraipaamTe.71BHocTB.

"Ilmcbma pyccHoro ny'remecTseHmenca" Kapam3mHa, ero HOBeCTH

"BegHaa .11143a", "HaTa.nbas 6oapcicaa AOlib" H gpyrze npzHag.nexcaT

In4c.ny BLIgalomincca npon3Begema xygoxcecTBeHHA nponi XYIII

Kapam3HH 3ac.nyxceHHo npvio6pe.a c.naBy nepBolczaccHoro nzcaTexa.

13.04aHraes oica3aHHoe zid Ha pyccHym .nwrepaTypy, HCICJnonx.J.ALHO Hema-

Ho. OH nprao6pe.a TaHoR xce asToplaTeT cpegx macaTexeil-npo3amcoB,

Hammm no.711,3oBaxca Aepsicamem cpegm HO3TOB. BILEOTB go Ilynacima H

JIepmoHToBa Hapam3mHcicaa npo3a coxpaHa.na CHOtj o6aAHHe (charm) H

csexcecTrp.

SrXe BO BTopott HOJIOBHHO XYIII B. noTpe6HocTE. B nepeBogHoit

JarrepaType HacTo.nico Boapoc.nas Imo noHagonehimcb oco6Ne nepesoit-

InucH r13 nHcaTe.mcicon cpeAu. Bo.nee Hcero B TO Bpema 611.710 minyigeHo

nepeBoAos aHlinnmax nvicaTe.neti H nvicaTexeff XYIII Beica, npeHmylgecT-

BeHHO tpainuacicHx. MHorne H3 CiAeJIaHHEX B XYIII B. nepeBoAoB OC-

TaIOTCH AO CHX nop eAZHCTBeHHLIMH; Hanprndep, HeicoTopint conHHema

11.nyTapxas Anoxcopa Crennemnticicoro, KaToHa, CeHeicH H paAa ApyrHx.

M3 cotnemema coBpememunc aBTOPOB OJIb1UO scero TIepeBOAVIJIH MOH-.

Temcbe, Bo.inTepa, emunc.noneAncToHoltopHe.na, CBotTas Tacco i AP

3a}caHnnBaa xpancriti o63op piccico# JarrepaTypu XYIII B. He-

oncowndo OTMeTHTB eige A Byx BHAHNX Aesnexe# 3To14 anoxvi - Homenc6-

Ba z PaAreligeBa.

H. 14. HOHHICOB (1744-181 8 ) CTaJI H3BeCTeH He TOJIBICO CBOHMVI

cairvipvviecKrencei xypHaxamm, Koiropue oH ony6.7nutoBax - "TpyTeHL"

(drone) H fiEHBOMICele, HO H HHHPOII31aTeJILCICOti AeSITeJIBHOCTIDIO.

B3FIB Ha ce6a neAaHHe "MOCKOBCICHX BeAOMOCTett", HOBIIICOB cyme.71

CAeJIaTb raaeTy HarITOJIBICO HHTepecHalliTo TrIpax ee IIOAHAJICH C

600 31C3OMIIJIYIpOB AO 4.X TbICS111. B MOCHBe HOBHICOB 6.0431c0 no3Halco-

MH7ICF1 C macoHomp npocpeccopotet Illsaprom H Bmecire c HMI! B geHTpe

MOCICOBCICOPO macoHcTHa. ARTHBHaFI H MHOPOCTOpOHHYLCI AeFITeJIBHOCTID

How/awl:5a o6paTH.na Ha ce6a sHreirmaHrie vnignepairpngu EicaTeprenal, ICOTO-

pus cTaxa npec.nexcoHam HosmcoBa geH3ypinamx eanpememeunm. PeBOXIO

gnomnie C06bITHR BO cDpanuen4 ycicopmini paaBgaicy. B 1792 r. HoBH-

ICOB C5LIJI 3EuunoneH B IlImicce.nrAyprcicylo xpenocirb, oncy,ga OH dux

ocHo6osimeH TOJMICO nocxe elsepTH ExaTepriHN.

Brapa3vvrexem aHTznpaBlrre.nricirBeHmix HacirpoeHH# CTR pyccHoti

HHTexxviremm BO Biropoli 110.7I0BHHe XYIII B. 6an A. H. PaAmes

(174.9-1802) . OH 6H.ii oAHHm H3 camBax o6pa3oBamnix jnoeIt cHoero

BpemeHM, npexpacHo 3HaX pyccxym H HHOCTPaHHYM JamepaTypy H 6MX

oAapeH nHcaTe.nbcimm TaxaHTom. Ero xlmra "HyTemecTBRe H3 HeTep-

6ypra H Moclusy" - 3T0 PHeHHHH (angry) IIPOTeCT npoTHB xpenocTHO-

PO npaisa H camoAepxcaBHa. HOME) 113AaHlia "HyTemecTBRe PaAmigeB H

1790 r. 611.71 apecToBaH H comaH H CH6reipb. BoaBpaigeHmel Hamm I

H3 CCIL7IHH1 OH WIA H AeteBHe. Hoc.ne BeTynxemda Ha npecTox

caHApa I PaTungeB 6mx nimmeneH Ha czpic6y H KOMHCCHH COCTaH.ReHHA

aamoHoB.

3Rg

PJIABA Y

PYCCKAH JIHTEPATYPA XIX-XXBEKOB

Yace B camom Hanaxe XIX CTO.neTHE nyBcTBoBaxocip, nTo pyccmaa

JurrepaTypas npoAomma TpaAnnrem XYIII Bexa, HacTolinum MIIIRT HO-

HEX nyTefl pa3HHTHA. BO3H1HaMT HOHNe miTepaTypHue Tenemia. B

nacaTempcxoti cpeAe c orpolmnd IniTepecom cnopaT (AI HameHeHnax H

pycmcom xxTepaTypHom aahnce. B 3T0 BpeM ui.iia ropanaa noxeminta

(dispute) me*Ay apxancTamx M cTopoaaincamx Icapamaremcmoti pecPopmu

aminca. Bo rzaBe apxancToB CTORX OTOTaHHOR aAmxpax MHUKOH, yT-

Bep*AaBlinell nTo pyccica .513EM Aomicea MTb ToacAecTBea(identical)

gepxoBHocxaBaHcicomy. OH 06HHHFIX CTOpOHHHHOB (supporter) Kapam-

3HHa H oT2coAe OT gepxoBHocxaBaHcmoro HanpaBxemela H ocy*Aax MX

TBopnecTBos HanommaHoes xax OH Bupucaxcas "cPpainuacmoti 3apa-

nommaa ICIOA 3THM BBegeHne HHOCTpaHHMX CX0B H pyccludi .513111C.

cnopm ocodeHHo ycxxxxxch nocze H03HHICHOBeHHR (founding)

miTepaTypHoro xpyacita "Ap3amac", HO rzaBe xoToporo CTORX Ept0H-

CHHH. Ap3amacnupc nprenacHyBmiam x HHM MHEM llymximmmonoBexx pe-

uniTempHoe HacTynxeme Ha apxanCToB. B paaropemuetica dopLde

ycnex Bee 6ozee oxammaxca Ha cTopoile nocxeAoBaTexeM KapamanHa.

C yAnianTempHum macTepcTBom naodpaacax AyxoBnutt mqp repoeB

OHOHX npopmBeionEM ynomanyTO Bume B.A. EyxoBcxxil (1.783-1852).

EPO TingpnecTBO npno6pexo 6o.nwa3fm nonyaapnocTE y pyccxxx vnTaTe-

.710. Oco6ott no3TwinooTbm owumaanct. nanncannue EYMOHCICHM dax-

Elm OH Taxace TaxaHTJunaum nepeBoAnyncom romepa, Mxxxepa,

Batipona H pyrum no 3TOB.

41

irk"

cr3

XapaxTepHmm aBAOHMem H 3TO Bpema 611.71.o colieTaime H AHTepa-

Type maccrolecxxx DOPM c HacTpoeHmamH ceHTHmeHTaxmama H pomaH-

TH3Ma. BMeCTe C TOM 3HaIIHTOXIDHOO mecTo H nepBmx AOCATHAeTHRX

XIX Bexa 3aHa.71 pea.imam.

Tax, Hanpmmep, peamicTmliecxxe OpTN OTtleTAHHO HHAHN H

Taxmc npoHaBegemax, max 6acHH (fables) V.B. Kpm.noBa (1769 -

1844). 3TH 6acHm, nocBameHHme 6mToBilit cmiceTam, rzy6oxo Hap0A-

ate no cBoemy xapaxTepy H Hammy, COCTaHHAH Bammull aTan H paa-

BVITHH peamicTiviecxoro HanpameHma pyccxo# JIHTepaTypm. Hinge

ITHBOAHTCR o6pa3eg ogHoM H3 6aCOH KIONAOHa C nepeBogom.

JIEEE410, 1111THA H PAK

Korga H ToBapHmax corzacba HeTsHa xag HX ge.no He nageT,

amMgeT H3 Hero He AeA0s TOALMO

OgHazgm Xe6egb, Pax Aa IltymaBe3114 C nomaxeM H03 H3RAHCI,H BmecTe Tpoe Bce H Hero Bnparagcb;

143 }CONCH JleayT HOHs a Boay Bce HeT X0AytHommica 6T1 AAA mix maaa.nacb H Aerma;

Aa Xedegb pBUTca B o6.71axa,Pax HATHTCH Haaag, a Illyxa TWHeT H Bogy.KTO HHHOBaT H3 HEX, KTO npaB, - cygHTI, He Ham;

Aa TOALMO H03 H HEIM Tam.,

MMMWOMMWAMMINICIWC05.2=w1MWDonWOMM

THE SWAN, THE PIKE, AND THE CRAB

When friends aren't able to agree,Their ventures come to naught,And from their efforts follows only

trouble.

One day a Swan, a Crab and PikeEngaged to pull their cart, well ladenSo all together harnessed up;'Though mightily they strained, the cart

budged not an inch!And yet the load for them would seem

so light;But cloudward strives the Swan to soar,The Crab backs to the rear, and to the water

pulls the Pike.Which one is wrong, which one is right -

it's not for us to judge,Yet still the cart is there today.

smismomtroetatlamrITZMIfilt

PeamicTmlecmoM no cBoemy cymecTBy 6m.na HanxcaHHaa B

cTxxax momeAxa "rope OT yma" A.C. lIpxdoeAoBa (1795-1829),

XOTH BHenare momeAxa BmAepacaHa B Ayxe xxaccxgxema. HocBameHHaR

ocTpmm npo6.71emam coBpemeHHOM *H3HH MOCROBCROPO o6mecTBa, oHa

x3o6paxaeT cT0.71mHoBeHxe IlexoBema HOBOPO nomozeHxa C ROCHOCTBM

(stagnation) 11 pyTHHoti ompricamigeti ero cpeAm. 3Ta momeAm,

6.7lecTamaa no 6oraTcTBy Remma x xapamTepxcurxme repoeB, Ao cxx

nop He cxoAxT co cgeH pyccmxx ApamaTxnecxxx TeaTpoB. HymmxH,

BLICOHO ogeHxBumti "rope OT yma", nxcaz: "0 cTxxax a He roBopm:

HOZOBHHE1 AomicHa BORTH B nocxoBxgy". Hymmxii am npaB: Ao Ha-

mxx AHOM B xoAy Tamxe Bmpluge.Hma H3 momeAxx lIpx6oeAoBa, max

cnacTxxBme nacoB He Ha6.71mAamT", "noAnmcaHol Tam c maw! Aoxotf",

"6.71a:geH, HTO BepyeT; Tenzo emy Ha cBeTe", "IT Amu oTenccTBa Ham

3943 t-

Alr",..-

C.%

..tAP

1171.

A.S. Griboyedov

144

caaAox m npmaTem "TiTo 3a ROMMCCHR, 003/24aTeXTD, OEM B3pocaoll

Aonepx oTgom"

OrpommaR pomp B pa3BmTmm 5I3mxa m magmoBaJIBBOM amTepaTypm

npmmaAaexurT Beamnatimemy pyccxomy noaTy Hallam XIX Bexa Axexcall-

Apy Cepreemply Hymxmmy, TBopnecTBO xotoPoro cTaao ocmoBoll co-

Bpemelmon pyccx0 mmepaTypm. Bro =wield HalummeTca B mcTopmm

pyccxoti amTepaTypm "&oxoToti Bex", munonamumfl Taxme Bcemmpmo

H3Be0THMe mmena, max .4(919MOHT0B, ropoonb, AOCTOeBCICHff H TOACTOg.

A.S. Pushkin

46)42

A.C.(1799-1837)

"

A.nexcaHotkp Cepreemitz Hyman pomr.iica B Mooxne, B o6eAnenmeti

ABopanc1Cot1 oembe. B AeTcTse on BOCHHTLIBaJICH Ammo oaTem ynn.nest

B I.Iapcxoce.noxou armee. Angencru HHTepecoBamor, .nnTepaTypoil H

H3AaBaJni CHM pyxonacHwe zypHami, B xoTopux llymxxrn Hpannuaz

Aesnemmoe ynacTne. Bcxope oH cTax ongenpRoHammat angelicxnu

HOOTOM.

rIoc.ne oxoHtlaHna Jrngesz B 1817 r . , IlynixHH HocTynnz Ha czys6y

B Koz.nermo HHocTpaHniax Ae.n. B 3TOT nepnoA OH BUZ pacceammal

o6pao ZH3HH B xpyrax neTep6yprcxoro cBeTcxoro oftecTBas no He

npexpantax ormero 1103THtleCHOPO TsopnecTBa.

B nefrep6ypre Ilynumr 1303HH1C011HJICR C B114111M11 Ae1a6pricTa1n,

H no/4 nx BJIHHHHelt ero 13033HH cTaza np1o6peTaTb nomattnewcHH

xapaxTep. Bo.nHoJno6nslie OTHXH ci4e.naan IlynixnHa nony.n.qpinam, HO

OHE B TO SiCe Bpelig B0365rAH.TH HeAOHOJIbCTHO npamme.moTBa. B pe-

oy.nTaTe 3TOPO HOOT 6HJI miczaH HO IIeTep6ypra Ha ror Poccnn.kio 1821+ r. OH ZHJI B KnurnnUBe H 0Aeoces a 3aTelt 611z nepeBeAeH

xax CM:WILMA B nuenHe CHOHX poAnTe.nell - ce.no Mnxati.noncxoe.

nonce IlymxnH nepHy.nca B IleTep6ypr.

EBBST na /ore, Ilymxnn 1:511JI 6.7111301C X xpyry AHopaHcmax peBoJno-

rAnoHepos - 6yity1agx Ae1ca6pncTon. B 3TOT nepnoil onoero TBopneoTBa

- ero mozno Haonam poman-Tnneoxnu - Ilymxnn Comm ttax.n 1103M H

natia.n nncaTh poitaH OTHX8X "EnreHnil Onernn". HaA OTHM poua-HOM HOOT pa6oTax 6o.ixee cemn .neT. "ha3reniiii OHerme no cyxecTny

3 97

REIJIROTOR genTpammtm nyitntHETCHnli THOpellffeld B TO Ze spew/ 3TO

npon3seAesne 61L710 nepsum pyccxnm peaancTatiecxnu pomanom, B ico-

TOOM c rennammoti nomoToll n paOHOCTOPOHNOCTIA0 oTpa3n.nacb 31CH3Hb

Poccnn B nanaze XIX sena.

B ceze Mnxatbroscitom renntt Hytaxnna AOC Tnr 3pezocTn; B ero

TsoptiecTae yam nponszneTcsi peamacTnnecuan cTpyst. kluenno Tor Aa

chum Hanacana mama "Bopnc roAynos" n unorne nreAespn nyuncnncxoll

.iinpnxn .

B 30-x roilax s TsopnecTse Hynacnna npeo6.7raAtura npo3a

("iLy6poscxnll", "finxosan Aama", "KannTancitasi Aotnta" n /T.). Ho B

3Ty ;le nopy iw co3Aana noama "Memnt11 scamtmc", cna3xn B OTRXEIX

n eamenaTeamme no 4inzococlicnoff rzy6nne cTiaxoTsopenna.

Bpaznet5proe oTnontenne neTep6yprcnnx npasmanx xpyros

itnny n npnnBopnlie nnTpnrn 33.1COHIMAH01) ero gy.im C AanTecom -

=nom rozzanAcnoro noc.nannnEa. CmepTe.mso panenmil Ha Ay3.7m

Hynntnn cxonna.non s 1837 ronx. Ero cmepTi, 6u.71a noncTnne scesapoR-

num ropem.

rapmonnitecican RCHOCTb "Wean H tlYBCTBEI, timpoTa

rpannocm TsoptiecTsa OTAHtlarOT renni Ilyuncnna. "B nem, Ran 6y,r4To

. nexcpncones - rincaz rOPOJThs oaxmotin.iroct see 60raTcTs0, cn.na

n PH6HOOTB santero Rama".

Ha czeilkylonteil cTpannge IIPHBOAHTCR cmaxoTsopenne HymEcnna,

nmerorgee npoponeexnA xapaxTep.

SL Ha IMMIX ce6e nonAnnr nepyxoTsopm11,nemy ne 3apacTeT napowtast Tpona,

B0311800R nume oii nnanoro nenotcopnollLnencanApidlcxoro cTozna.

HeT, sect R ne yupy - Apra n aaseTnoll JnipeMoll npax nepextnneT n TjleifbR y6eznT

czanen c5y Rp AOHC0117 n nojutynnom mimeEnn 6yAeT XOTb CUAHH nanT .

Czyx o6o time npoffiteT no ncett Pycn HeAHHOilpnasoneT itenR Dean csrignit n nett slam,

14 ropoil nnytc WraHREp H WHIM, n Blame AnnaTyntlyc, ppyr cTene namanc.

11 Ao.trio 6ypy Telt elno6e3en IT Hap0AyptiTO 11YHOTHa Ao6ptie R =poll npody-Anan,gTo n moll ttecTotctrit nen nocc.naBtut .st cno6c4x1

11 linJI0 CM R flW4X11L npnencsa.n.

Bezel:two Eozmo, o myna, 6y4b noc.nynma,06n= ne eTpanracb, ne Tpe6y,rt nenna,Xnazy n zuteseTy npnem.int panno,nynato,

H ne ocnopEtBaii rxynna.

idepes0A 31'0110 CTHXOTHOPeHHR na antvIntIctcnit R3EZH AaeTeR

na cxeityrontell cTpantme.

(Tr ans lat ion)

I raised a monument to myself not by hand,The path to it, downtrodden by the people,

will not be overgrown,Its head, indomitable, rises higher

Than Alexander's column.

No, I will not die completely - in my sacred lyreMy soul will survive my dust and escape decay -And I shall .be famed, as long as on this

moon-washed worldThere lives at least one poet.

My f ame will spread through all great Russia,And every people living in it will speak my name,The proud descendant of the Slays, the Finn,

the now wild Tungus,And the friend of the steppes' Kalmuk.

And long will I be loved by the people,That with my lyre I have aroused noble feelings,That in my cruel age I glorified freedom

And pleaded for mercy for the fallenHarken, 0 Muse, to the Commandment of God,Not fearing offence, nor seeking crown,Receive both praise and calumny indifferently,

And do not argue with the fool.

Pexotteweuoe nTexpre: "KannTurcxas1 Aotnta", "IlnxoBaR ;lama",

"BueTpe.n", "CTaminoinnei cmounTe.im".

M.Y. Lermontov

7 51

M. D. JIETMOHTOB(1814 - 1841 )

Mnxanx 14)bezniti XepmonToB, Beanxel pyccxel no3T, npo3anx n

ApamaTypr, poAn.nca B MOCKBes B ABopancxoll cembe. AeTeTBO OH

npoBUA B nmenan eBoeft 6a6ymxn B Hen3encxolt ry6epnnn. Ynn.nea B

MOCICOBCK011 ynnsepcnTeTe. 3aTeil OICOHIIHJI IleTep6yprCItyl0 nntoxy

rBapAelicxnx ApanopmnxoB B 1834 roAy. B 1837 P. 3a cTnxonopenne

"CmepTb no3Ta" (o rn6e.nn Hymxnna), xoTopoe nmexo noxnTnneexel

xapaxTep C ocyzAennem npasanterx xpyroB, slIepuonToB 6m.71 Blitc.nan

apmnm na 1(aBxa3. Ero cyAb6a BO mnorou aula exoAna c nymxnnexoti.

IloAo6no Ilymxnny, OH MIMI sparoB opemi oxpyzaBmero Oro npnan-

xernpoBannoro odmecTBa. AegmonTos norn6 Ha gym.= B camompac-

nBeTe TBopnecxnx CHA, npoznB Ecero 27 zeT.

lincaTb JIOpM0HTOB Hanax ergo B AOTCTBe. OH 611.4 1103TOM-,

pomanTnxom, no yze B pannnx npon3BeAennax ero pomanTn3m Tec -

neffmnm o6pa3om nepenzeTaAca C pewin3mom. Pea.nn3m max B nonnnec-

xnx, Tax n B npo3antlecxnx ApamaTnIteexnx npon3BeAennax.11epmon-

ToBa eTaA 3annuaTb Bee 60.7mmee mecTo. B nacTnocTn, "repoe

namero Bpemenn" n B Apame "MaexapaA" mnoroe 6u.no cAeAano Amy'

pa3BnTna ncaxo.norntleexoro peammma. repoam AepmonToBa CBORCT-

Bennm nepTm xpalinero n11 AnBnAyaan3ma. Taxos peaxneTnneexn R30-

6pascentimid1 Hellopnn B "repoe namero Bpemenn" n oTB.nellennmA o6pa3

Aemona nome "Aemon".

IlponaseAenma JIETMOHTOBas RB.61131111IOCR 133pERTO.MHIattt 110 CO-

BepmencTBy.o6pamxamn no33nn,npo311 n ApamaTyprnn, 6man oAnoBpe -

menno Bupazennem CJIOICHEIX pasAymnti no3Ta, xapaxTepnblx

zynmeti nacTn pyccxoro oftecTBa Toro Bpemenn. HMCO HOMMEWTOR

OAHO H3 oTnxoTBopenn* AapmonToBas HOTOPOq AaeT nPeAcTaBaenne

o anpnxe 3TOPO xxaccmica pyccxon AnTepaTypu.

&mazy oAnn a Ha Aopory;CHHO3b Tyman xpeusucTlaii nyTB 6xecTnT;HOIlb THXS. Hyclinna HHMIXOT BOPY,H 31333AS C 31333AOM roBopnT.

B nedecax TopsecTBenno n nyAnolCr= 3311AST H CHRHbe roxy6omtiTO 'se mne Tax 60AbH0 H TRH TpyAno?24y Ab nero? zazem an o nem?

;1

ne zAy OT *H31 vero $1,1H e maxb une npomaaro nnnyTB;

R nmy cB060Au n BoxoalR 6 xoTex 33611Tbeit n 3acnyTBI

Ho ne Tem xoaoAnlim cnom MPItJfl ..

R 6 :Ream naBexn Tax BacnyTB,tiTo6 H 'WAR Apemaan 2R3HH caxm,tiT06 Ammo H3AMMEtAaCb THX0 rpnb;

RT06 HOW nonb, Hen Aems ma czyx xexeR,Hpo modoBB mne examcnlironoc nex,Halm MHOM nTo6, Benno 3exenea,Temnuff Ay6 cxxonaaca n mymea.

(Translation)

Alone I walk out on the road;The stony pathway glistens in the mist;The night is still. The wilderness attends to God,And with each other speak the stars.

The skies are beautiful and solemn!The earth sleeps in an azure radiance ...Why then am I so pained, why then so troubled?For what wait I? What do I regret?

No more do I expect of life,No way do I regret the past;I search for peace and freedom!Oh, for oblivion and peace!

But not the cold sleep of the grave ...To sleep forever, rather I would wish,So that life's forces slumber in my breast,So that in breathing gently heaves my breast;

So that both day and night my ear delighting,A sweet voice sings to me of love,And that above me, ever greening,A dark oak nods and rustles.

PexouenAyemoe nTenne: "repoR namro npeuene.

17:

'540

kSs.

alININemmA5

1% *Ay e4;iqfrt4.- fte:,

9

of.,f

N.V. Gogol

i&

IFf

L ttr;1V

H. B. r0r0Ab(1809 - 1825)

Hnxo.nali Bacnxbesnn roroxb poillumn s cembe nedoraToro

yxpanncxoro nomemnxa. AeTCTBO nposez s HMeHHH poAnTezell na lore

Poccnn. B 1828 r. OHOH4HA Hemincxym rnmnasno BMCMHIC Hap( H B

3TOU ze roAy nepeexaA s neTep6M, rAe cayznA IIHHOBHMKOM.

C umenem rorodta csnsan pacgseT pyccxoti nposm. ECAH ero

cospemennnxn Hynxnn n Aepmo3Tos (Smxn npe*Ae scero Bemixnun no-

sTamn, TO 110/10Ab 6MA sennxna nposanxom. BoraTcTso)i anima, TOH-.

Kau mmopom, npexpacnum onneannem npnpoAm owtanamTca ero "Benepa

na xyTope 6.11no Anaanban". HapoAno-naTpnoTanecxne MOTHBH saxJap-

namTcn B 6.necTame nanneanvom "Thpace Byvil6e". B neTepdyprcxnx

nosecTax ("Heimann npoenenT", "ManeAb" n Ap.) rorpab c nexmo-

IIHTeAbHMM macTepeTBom 1!3o6pae1ur 7ICH31Th cToanum Ii 6mT ee 061iT8Te-

B noA.nanno peaxacTnnecxom Ayxe nnmeTcg roroAem oAno H2

xylimax .itnTepaTypnmx no.noTen, sanenawiesmnx poccuticaym )ZelicTsn-

TeZbHOCTb nepsoft no.nosnnm 19-ro nexa, - nosma (ona nanncana npo-

301) "OpTsme Aymn" n 6eccmepTna1 xolteAna "Pennsop", pncymmaa

TR= npowangnaxbRoro 4HBOBITHIleCTBe. r0110Ab B CBOAX nponsseIe-

BliAX BHCTyIIHA B xanecTse snAnelimero ocnosono.noznnaa xpnTnnecxo-

ro pemnsma nanpas.nenna B JinTepaType, xoTopomy maeAosaxn B

Ambneftem MHO/Me pyccxne asTopm. Hnze npasoAnTca OTPHBOX 83

paccxasa roro.na "CTpamnaa mecTb" C onncannem pexn Agenp.

tiVten AHenp npn Tnxon noroAe, KorAa BOXEIRO H TIZEIB110 WinT

CHBO3b zees n ropm nomme Boat CBOH. Hp' 3amexoxHeT; Hn nporpe-

MUT. 11.4RAHmb, n He 3Haemb, nAeT win He nAeT ero BexanaHaa MH

pnna, H nyAnTeR, 6y4TO BeCto BMAHT OH H3 CTeKZEI, H 6YATO roxydaR

3epitaAbnag Aopora, 6E33 Mein' B mnpnHy, 6e3 HOnga B AAnHy, peel.

n BbeTek no 3eAeHomy mnpy

qYAeH Amenp n npn Ten.noli AeTHelf HORN, HOrAa Bee 3aemnaeT

- n yeAoBex, n 3Bepb, n nTnga; a Bor oAnn HeannaBo o3npaeT Heft

cemAm neannaBo COTPIRCEWT pn3y. OT pn3m CHIIJIMTCR 3Be3AH.

31303AM POPRT H CBeTRT MIA mnpom H Bee pa3om OTAMOTCR B Anenpe.

Beex nx AepcnT Affenp B TemHom .noHe eBoem. Hn OAHa He ydexcnT OT

Hero; pa3Be noraeHeT Ha ife5e. tlepHmfi zee, ymmaHHIIA CIIRMHMH BO

poHamn, nApeme pa3AomanHme ropm, eBeesteb, CHARTCR 3a2cpmTb ero

XOTR Ammnom TeHbm eBoem, - HanpaeHof HeT untlero B Mapes liTO 6m

MOP= npnicpuTb AHenp. Cnunli, CHHItU, =ART On 11.7MBHUM pamnHom

it epeAb Holm, Mix epeAb AHR; BHAOH 3a CTOAlln0 BASAL, 3a CHOJIWCO

BnAeTs mozeT neAoBenbe OHO...

(Translation)

The Dnepr is beautiful in calm weather,when its full watersrush freely and smoothly through forests and mountains. There isno stirring; no thunderous roar. You look, but you cannot tell'if its majestic expanse is moving or not; and it seems to beall poured glass, a road of pale blue mirror, its breadth with-out measure, its length without end, twisting and turningthrough the green earth.

The Dnepr is beautiful even on a warm summer night, whenall is falling asleep - man and beast and bird; and God alonein His majesty watches heaven and earth and majestically shakesHis vestment. Stars sprinkle forth from the vestment and burn

53 .57

and sparkle above the earth and all as one are reflected inthe Dnepr. The Dnepr holds them all in its dark bosom. Not oneescapes, unless it burns out in the sky. The black forest ,spotted with sleeping ravens, and mountains, crumbled in ancienttimes, looming over the river, try to cover it with their longdark shadow - all in vain! There is nothing in this world thatcould cover the Dnepr. Blue, blue, its smooth flow winds throughthe night , just as through the day, visible in the distance asfar as manys eye can see.

PeKomeHAyemoe vreime: "MepirnHe gyum", "Penz3op".

41,

F .M. Dostoyevsky

,AOCTOEBCKHR(1 821 - 1881)

a3e1gop MmxalLnoBwz AocToeBexmlf polumca B MocKBe 13 COMBO

B 1 8 38-143 rr. ylIEJICE B 118T81365rproCHOM BoeHHo-minNeHepHom

rummige. Ho oitomlamul ero.pa6oTax ImpTeacHintom B runceHepHom

genapTameHTe. B 181414r BNllIJI B oTcTaBity H 3aHSIJICSI JurrepaTypHolf

AOSITOJILHOCTLIO. B 18147 P . AOCTO8BCICHH CTaJI tqaCTHHICOM peBo.inormoH-

Horo Icpywca HeTpaureBc}coro. B 18149 r. BiLecTe c upyrmul neTpaureB-

gam,' 6iwx apecoa H npreicyxmeH ic CMOTHO Ia3HH, aameHeHHoil

aaTem /4-meTHelf .}caToproil. Ha EaTopre AOCTOEMCICHrI 3a60JPOJI 3rix

xencvseRs, IcoTopaa /Arum& ero noTom BCIO SICH3HL 071611B aaluncrieHHe

B OMCICOM ICaT0IDXH0 r1 TIoplade (1 85 0-5/4), AocToeBoxmlf c5HJI aalimcjIeH

pagoBint B nexonnig 6aTaxboH B CemmnazaTHHcIce. B 1859 r. OH YLiI

BoaBpaumH B HeTepdypr H B0306HOBHJI JimTepaTypHylo AOSITOJMHOCTIp.

B "3anucitax ma MepTBoro Aoma" ilocToeBc}cra onEcaz KaTopry no

JIIVIHOMY orarry.

.14,gem cnpaBegmmocTrd co.geTaloTca B TBoplecTBe ZOCTOOBCICOPO

C nponoBeABIo xpmcirmaHci-coro cluveHma H I-CYJMTOM cirpagamia.

IiI3BOCTHO, TITO EBaHreJme 6LIJIO HaCTOJILHOTI IcHmroi(i ammxygeHHoro

ZocToeBmcoro. OCTaJIOCL C ZOCTOOBCICHM Ha BCIO noc.nexcylowylo

ero N(143Hb H npmBezo ero max Beppolgero XPHCTHHMH I oncaay OT

peBoJuoimoHHoil mgeozormel c ee meTogamm 6opB6H M up[oBHoil ony-

ciroureHHOCTLIO. AHTmpeBo.moimoHH-He y6exgeHrem AocToeBcNor 0 Hamm

oc0c5eHHo sapicoe oTpaxeHme B Taxmx eno npomaBegeHmax, max "3a-

nmcmd a no,gno.ma", "BecH", "ZHeBHmic nucaTexe.

B pomaHe "Beam" AocToeBeice HEcTynxx npoTHEI peHozmimoHHmx geR-

TexeM cHoero HpemeHx, pxcyn 0006eHHO OTTammiammxti o6pae ogHo-

ro Ha repoeH 3TOPO pomaxa - peBoxammoHepa BepxoBeHcmoro.

HpYnHeRmilmx npox3BegeHmix AOCTOOBCHOPO RWIRMTCR pomaHm

"Ilpecunzeime x Haxa3aHxe", "IfgxoT", "nottr,p0CTOIC", "Bece,

"Epama KapamaeoBra".

HPOR3BWOHRST AOOTOOBCHOPO OT.712111110TOR Heo6bmanNum gpamavx3-

mom B paeHxTxx getioTBxa, ray6xHolf ncxxozorxnecxoro aHaJmea,

ctixxocoe$Hott HaaUlgeHHOOTWO. B AOCTO3BOROM onpapegosmo BHART

Bexprnatimero ncxxo.nora T maccrerna mxponoti xxTepaTypii, ogapeHHoro

reHmumHott cxxoti aHaxx3a H x3o6pa3xTexbHocTx. Ero npordeBegeHER

nepemegemitHa 60XLMRHOTBO xHoeTpamnalc R3111X0B.

TBOpneCTBO AOOTO3BOHOPO oica3azo 60.7114103 BAHRHHO Ha mnpo-

Bp° miTepaTypy, R 3T0 BORRHRO npogozacaeT exaemnamcsi AO HaMRX

Allen B Tnopnecime MHOMIX pycexxx H HHOCTpaHHUX nxcaTeAeli.

PexomeHgyemoe tiTeHxe: pomami "IlpeoTyrulexxe T HaxaeaHxe",

"HgxoT", "teem", "EpaTTDR Kapamaeorag".

5'61c

,ww11114

L.N. Tolstoy

/I .H . TOJICTOg(1 828-1 91 0)

.geB HHIco.naempi Toxwron pogmcg B nomemmliben ycagbde HcHan

Hommas 6.71HB ropoga Tyam. OTeg ero - rpacp H.M. ToxcToll 1,1 maTb

- ypozgeHHag imaxma M.H. BoxIcoHcitags citomiamicb, itorga To.ncToll

611x eme pedemcom. BoJamym qacTb ICH3H1,1 OH 11poBe.71 B HCHOR Homule.

B 1844-47 rr. ylm.ncsi B KaaaHm-com yHTABeperATeTe. C 1851 P. AO

1854 r. 6ux Ha Kammee, rge nocTynx.71 Ha BoeHHym pxyx6y 1,1 placT-

BOBaJI B BODHIMIX geHoTBrAsix npoTMB ropgeB. C ()COBH 185)1 P. TOJICT0151

B rIHHe apTH.71.71eprAcicoro otHgepa nprmermax placTple B o6opoHe CeBa.-

CTOnOJISI. IloceJIBBlimcb C KoHga 50-x POACH B SICHOR 110JISIHD) TOJICTOR

CTaJI c6JuncaTbcs1 C xpecTLaHamx, OTICIDLIJI IUKOJThI JIS1 xpecTLaHcItzx

geTeR, xegaBax xypHax "HcHaa HoxaHa".

AICTIABHaS1 ADSITOJIBHOCTB B pogoBoll ycagb6e He oTB.nelca.na

CTOPO OT .7mTepaTypHoro Tpyga. B 1863-69 rr. OH pa6oTax Hag po-

max= "BoffHa 1,1 mxp". B OTOM pomaHe, nocBsugeHHom OTelleCTBOHHOR

BOrIlie 1812 P. B 110JIHOR MOPE) pacitpujiacL P#31-114aJIBHOCTB TOJICTOPO.

1111,1p0Ta 1,1 CTIO0r1HOCTB Ii0M11031,1111,11,1 npR HaJII,P11,11,1 orpolmoro Imc.na

erICTByI01.414X JIng (CHIIIIIe 500) j MaCTepCTBO nopTpeTHoft H negeaxcHoti

xxBonrAcx, 60PaTCTBO amnia - BC6 DTO eJlaeT TIBOr1HY 1,1 mrAp" 04B;HOr1

1,13 Bep1111,1H MRIDOBOr1 peamAcTiviecItoll npoen. B pomaHe tIAHHa KapeHx-

Ha" (18751, C 14CI-CJI101114TeJ1131-171M XIA0ZeCTBeHHLIMmaCTePCTBOM noicaeaHa

Tparegm xemiulHm, cTaBmeti xcepTBOR xxgemepma 6eegymma cBeTcico-

ro oftecTBa.

Ilpogo.incasi eammaTLcsi JuATepaTypHum Tpygom, To.ncTOR cTapa.nca

BORTH B 611T xpecTLaHoTBa, CTaJI HOCHTB EpepTbaHm-cym ogemys

59 63

XOARTb docmcom, 11pHHHmaT73 ynacTne B Ce.AbCROXOWIRCTBeHHUX padOr

Tax. Ha H3BecTH9 n xapTHHe xyAoacHHxa H. PenmHas TOACTON H3o6pa-

mteH B npocToM xpecTbaHcxo# oAelicAe Ha pa6oTe B noxe.

Pe3mati npoTecT TOJICTOPO npoTHB cogliam2HOR HecnpaBeAmmocTH

BmpaxeH B ero pomaHe "Bocxpecemie" (1899). B OTOMpomalle OT-

xleTalmo o6HappicHBaeTca xapaxTepHaa liepTa .11TOJICTOBCTBE0 - npono-

BeAB HpaBCTBOHHoro coBepmeHoTBOBarma "HenpoTimmemaa Ha-

mm:Hem". ToacToR np113113ax x JusliHomy coBepmeHoTBOBaHlim nyTem

olmmeHHOH" xplicTHaHcxoR pez:HrHH.. B Ayxe CBOOPO Plemia OH Boc-

cTaBax npoTHB pyccxoil npaBowlaBHoti gepxBH ee o6paAoB. AHTR-

gepacomme cTpaimigl B "BOCHpeCeHRR" 6minel noBoAom R 41114HaabHomy

ompleHmo TOJICTOPO OT gepxBH.

K csiapocTH OH Bce 6oxee cTax TRPOTRTIDOR npoTHBopelmem Mex.-

Ay CBORMR y6excAemiamH R o6ecnelleHHA *R3HTDM B HCHOti HoxaHe.

OceHbro 1910 roAa Ha 83-M roAy *R3HR TOACTOR TaHHO yexax.H3 Ho-

Ho* Ho.nalats B nyTH 3a6oxex Bocnadleimem xerxxx -14 ymep. OH 611.n

noxopoHem 6e3 gepxoBHoro o6paAa B SICHOK 110JISIHe.

HeT BO3MONCHOCTR B xpaTxom Hmosicemem AaTt noApo6Hmil 0630p

o6mHpHoro JIHTepaTypHoro HaczeAcTBa TOACTOPO. KHR1114 ero R3AaMTCA

Ha Bcex a3max Impa. Hbecm TOACTOPO CTEIBRARCB Ha cgeHax, a npo-

3aHliecxxe npoH3BeAemla HeoAHoxpaTHO cimmaxmcb gza, }MHO He TOJILHO

B Poccims Ho H 38. rpaimgell.

PexomeHAyemoe pomami "AHHa Kapemnia","BotiHa 14 Imp".

. 1.... - 1'

..-4el' AL) xi

).0;*t

.....f..... ....

10m:I

I.S. Turgenev

H. C. TYPITHEB(1818-1883)

HBaH Cepreemixl TypreHeB pogmcsi H poc B pogoBott yeagrAe

cBoe2 maTepH B Op.noBcxoR ry6epHrem. B 1827-29 rr. ylumca B

liaCTHOM naHcHoHe B 110CHBe. B 1883 P. nocTynim B MOCROBCHHM

yHHBepcHTeT, aaTeM nepeBexcR B HeTepdyprcxel yHHBepcHTeT, B

xoTopom oxolpum.c.aoBecHoe oTge.neHHe clim.nocatcxoro clipaxyABTeTa.

B 1838-41 rr. czymax Aexgrem B EepAHHcxom ymemepcHTeTe.

TypreHeB Hatia.71 nellaTaTbca.B 1836 rogy. B 1847-52 rr. 6m.71

ony6xxxoBaH pag ero/ollepxoB "3911HCKH OXOTHHREOC apxo BmpazeH-

Hum aHTxxpenocTHHI/ecxHm cogepxaHHem. 3a DTO npoH3BegeHHe, a

Taxxce 3a cTaTmao-Hexpo.nor o Porcine, TypreHeB 611.71 apecToBaH Ha

HexoTopoe Bpema coc.naH B co6cTBOHHoe ramelme Cgaccxoe nog Hag-

3op no.nmum.

OgHaxo, npHHag.neza no csomm ydezgeHmam x AH6epaxam, Typ-

reHeB He pa3gexax B3P.71RAOB peBoAmmoHHoll gemoxpaTHH. Tax, Ha-

upHmep, B pomaHe "ALBA" xpHTHxa npaBammx xpyroB B POCCHH y

TypreHeBa cotieTaeTca c mapHxaTypoil Ha pyccxym peBomogHoHHym

mearpagram.

EXeCTRIgHil CTHAPICT H TOHKHR XYAMICHHH, TypPeHeB CO3AaX pRA

JIHTepaTypHmx npoH3BegeHHH, npHHecumx emy milposym H3BeCTHOCTID H

HeAapom axoH ro.ncyopcH, OAHH H3 npocxaBxeHHmx nHcaTexell

3anaga, noxopeHHO reHHem TypreHeBa, Ha3Bax ero "BeaHlialImHm

1103TOM, xoTopmfl xorga-AH6o nmax npo3oe.

TypreHes oxa3ax rxydoxoe BO3AeRCTBHe Ha TBopllecTBo He

TOXTDICO cippaH4y3exHx, Ho pi Heme4xxx, aHrxHilcxHx, amepHxaHcxxx,

6266"--.

CHBHAVHBBCHHX H HTSAbAHCHHX nucaTezen.

TyprexeB - aBTop peaxxcmplecxxx pomaxoB H noBecTeH,

xoTopmx oTpaxcexm o5rigecTBexxile Bonpocm er0 coBpemexxocTm H

relAenxaa NCH3H13 pyccxoro oftecTBa 50-70-x rogoB ("PyAxx", "ABo-

paxcxoe rHe3A0", "HaHaHyBe" R Ap.). HaH60ABMeM R3BeCTHOCTWO 3a

py6excom no.7m3yeTca ero pomax x gene, rge noxa3ax mgeozo-

rxliecxxfl H mopampxuti HOMPARHT mexcAy cTapmxm H m.naAmmm nomme-

xxem. B 3TOM pomaxe Typrexes npmexxx xoBoe CX0B0 "BHPHAH3M" R

BHPRXHCTE $ x3o6pa3xB B .71x1.;e ogxoro R3 repoeB pomaxa (Ea3apo-

Ba) oco6oe Tellexxe "oTpxgaxxa" opegx tICTM pyccxoro cTygexIlec-

TBE1 C OTKSCOM OT RAeFIXOB H BepoBaxxil CBORX OTL;OB.

B npoxsBegexmax TyprexeBa NlacTo x3o6paxcamTca xcexcxxe THHE

C.CRXIDBUMH xapaxTepamx H Bmcoxo-xpaBcTBexxmmx ge.imxxmx xaTy-

pamx. HpREIR *H3HeHHOCTB H xygoxcecTBexxoe COBepMeHCTBO 3TaX

odpa3oB co3gaxx oco6LIM THH "TyprexeBcxoti geByaxx", xoTopxM cTax

nonyzapxum cpegx pyccxoro oftecTBa TOPO Bpemexx.

B pagy xxaccxxoB pyccxoti JumepaTypx TyprexeB 3axxmaeT

Bxgxellmee mecTo. Co Bpemex TyprexeBa Bialcmeti cTenexim CTHJIHCTH...

H xygoxcecTsexxoR onexxx B pyccxofl xxTepaType clixTaeTca

cpaBxexxe c "TyprexeBcxxm R3MHOMM.

pexomexgyemoe 11Texxe: pomaxu H AeTR"0 "ZBopancxoe

rxe3go".

6B7,`

Oa.

A.P. Chekhov

A. H. tlEXOB(1 860-1 90)4 )

AHTOH ilaBJIOBVI TlexoB IDOAHJICE B TaralipOre B cembe 33.NCHT011.

HOPO ToproBga. B 1868-79 pr. yxnuIca B Taraliporcxoll rxmlia3rem.

no oxofrialirem ee HOCTYITHJI Ha meginwcxxii d'paxymTeT MOCROBCROPO

yHxBepcxTeTa, xoTopm1 OICOH1IHJI B 1884. r .1 noc,ne nero 3ammaxca

megmgmHcx02 npaxTxxot4. Ha'claz nenaTamca B 1 880 P. B romopncTn-

xiecxxx HcypHaxax. C 1899 r . tlexoB, c5ozeBlin42 Ty6epxyze3om, XCHJI

B Zirre U Tam CC5JIH3HJICR c nmcaTexem M. PopBxmm. ./IeTom 1 9 04. r .

B C13E3H c oc50cTpexxem T ydepityxe3a BBexax AAR ,nexiemul Ha xy-

popT BagemBefizep (Pepmaima), rge citomiazca.

tlexon - c5xecTai1Jnti macT ep xopontor 0 pa c cxaaa HoBedizu .

Parnixti nepnog ero TBop.ciecTBa oTmexiem CO3AaHHeM ICOPOTICHX IOMO-

plicinmecxxx paccxaaoB ("TOJICTHH H TOHICHRity "XaMeXe0Http "SrliTep

IlpHing5eeB" H p.). B paccxa3ax "Pope", "BaHmta", "Tocxa" H gp.

oC5HappicreitaroTca marxia .7n4pH3m M rpycnnall romop, CBOHCTBeHHBle H

c5ozee no3gin4m evo npon3BegeBvi5Im. TBopxlecTiw tlexoBa, 6ygrin no

cylgecTBy xpwrinecxxml BmecTe C. Tem npomencliy-To xiy.Txxm Blinma-

miem x nepexamaimam nexonexa, JH0050B1310 IC npocTomy Tppicemmy.

BOJIMITAHOTHO repoeB nexoncxxx paccxaaoB - mazeimme Jnogn. OTO

mxp mexxxx 11HHOBHHICOBy daHROBCHHX czywaimx, npocirBx JHoigeR H3

Hapoga. H. Hetaapom Ilexona 'clacTo Hatmaloir micaTexem "cep= Jiro-

gee - Tex, HIM CBOHM nozoxceimem He BiagezaeTca Ha d'poile %Imo-

Benecimro OIICTB H nopoti ocTaeTca npocTo Heoamenemmam.

HOHaTOPCTBO tlexoBa-gpamaTypra npOSIBI4JI0C13 B c031Iamein

nCHX0J10Prerciecxot4 .iiHpIecco1 pamia .

B nbece "Ilathca" no.nylipmm BonxolgeHme Tema HC}CT8JILCTB H cmuc.na

NC143H1 4 B nbecax "Zaga BaHR" 14 "Tpx cecTpm" ApallaTmlecimil }cox-

CPJIPTItT pa3BmsaeTcH B CTOJI1C1-10B8HVIVI 110111.710CTH *VICHY! c meliTamm o

xpacoTe H npasAe. HeoaTko.nro nepeA cmepTbIo IlexoB 3aitomm.71 CB010

110CJIe AH1010 nbecy "BionleButel Ca) B NoTopoR Apamairwqecicaa cviTya-

LIM 3alcaHlivisaeTcH yxoTkom repopmx nbecm HOBy10 TpyAoBylo )1(1,13111a .

IlepBue nocTaHomm IlexoBcxxx nbec nponixi c rpomatzunar ycnexom B

MoccoBcIcoM XyAoNcecTBeHHom TeaTpe. B namaTb nepBoil 110C TaHOBIC1,1

nbecu "liatiKa" Ha aaHaBece MocitoBcitoro XgoNcecTseHHoro T ea Tpa

Ino6paxceHa .neTsugasi zafha. MHorme ero paccicaabi i nbecu HHcge-

HmpoBaxil AJIR }MHO.

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O HaIllmc AHeii oH oxaOHBaeT 6o.nburoe BamsaHme Ha nvicaTe.neti Ampa.

PeKomeHgyemoe TreHme: xoponme paccicaam tlexoBa.

Maxim Gorky

1

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MARCIN rommil(1 868-1 936)

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OTH Hp0H3BeAeHH5 cpa3y npremecxx rOpbROMy H3BeCTHOCTb H cxaBy

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OTO cmexHil BypeHecrHRH ropgo peer mexcgy momneel Hag peHyignm

PHeBHO mopem; TO Hpnlimr npopoH no6egia:

- HyCTL clunDHee rpaHeT 6ypal

THE SONG OF THE STORMY PETREL

Over tha gray plain of the sea the wind gathers black clouds.Between the clouds and the sea a petrel soars, like black light-ning. Sweeping down to skin the waves and shooting uv to the

clouds, he cries - and the clouds hear joy in the bird's bravecry. In that cry - lust for the storm. The clouds, in that cry,hear raw anger, a flame of passion, and certainty of victory.

The seagulls moan before the storm - moan and wheel about

above the sea, ready to hide their fear of storms at the bottomof the sea.

And the loons are crying - they, the loons, can not delightin life's battle - the thunder frightens them.

The silly penguin hides his fat body on the rocky cliff ...Only the proud petrel soars bravely and freely over the graystorm-tossed sea.

More somber still the dark clouds descend toward the sea,and sing, and the waves leap free to meet the thunder.

The thunder rumbles. The waves moan in angry foam as they

argue with the wind. The wind seizes fast in firm embrace ashoal of waves and with savage malice flings them against thecliff, shattering the emerald whole to mist and spray.

7276

Like the black lightning, the petrel soars with cry, like

an arrow pierces the clouds, and tears a white - cap with his

wing.

There he dashes like a demon - proud; the black demon of

the storm - and laughs and sobs. He defies the clouds and weeps

from joy.

The perceptive demon - he long has heard the weariness in

the anger of the thunder. He's sure the clouds won't hide the

sun, no, won't hide the sun.

The wind howls ... The thunder rumbles ...

Packs of clouds with a blue flame blaze above the chasm of

the sea. The sea catches lightning bolts and quenches them in

her depths. Just like fiery snakes the reflections of the light-

ning writhe on the sea and disappear.

- The storm! Soon the storm will burst upon us!

The brave petrel, harbinger of storms, soars among the

lightning above the angrily growing sea, and cries - the prophet

of victor y.

- Let the storm come all the stronger!

PeRomewemoe IrreHme: pacci.ca311 H IOBOCTb "MaTh".

7 n

,

A

P'1,

1.A. Bunin

~718

H. A. EYHHH(1870-1953)

HBaH Axexceemvi EyHMH poAnxca B BopoHexce B odeAHeBmeM cemBe

cTapmHHoro ABopaHcmoro poAa. B 188-1 P. nocTynpul B PHMHa3H101 HO

HOHHHyx ee c lieTBepToro xxacca H Aa.imme aaHnmaxca mwoo6pa3oBa-

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- nepBER cOoplinm pacoma3oB.

ExecTawytH CTHJIHCT).B moTopom BvAeJni HaczeAHnica TypreHeBa H

gexoBal TOHHHH H oAyxoTBopemnati neBen pyccmoM npnpomal ByHMH B

noaamm cBoe* anoxm 672,71 OAHHM H3 BHAHM* npeAcTaBnTexe2 peaxmcTn-

liecx0 JUTHRTA. Ba*HeRmen Tema 6yH1HcHo* npoau nvia cexbcRaa

Poccma (noBecTI, "AepeBHa", paccicaam "PyAa", "HoBaa Aopora"

Ap.). Bymmy npnHaAxexcaT Tamice nepeBoAm "HecHn o railaBaTe"

p. XoHrerpexxo, npon3BeAeHnH Ax. EaMpoHa,m Ap. B 1909 r. emy 611.710

npnoBoeHo 3BaHne nolieTHoro amaAempnca HeTepdypromoth alcagemm4Hayx.

ByArim ydexAeHHum IMOTHBHHHOM peBomogim H COBeTCHOPO cTpoal

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*MX AO cBoett cmepTpl, 3aHHMaRCb JIHTepaTypHum TpyAom. COBeTE He

npocnixm Eymmy amnrpainin, H B TelieHme paAa xeT ero npom3BeAe-

Hma He neliaTamici, H He H3AaBaJIHCB B COOP. HepBoe HRTHTOMHOe

naAamie ero COTIHHeHHH B COBeTCHOM Come noaBremoci, TOJIBHO B

1956 POW,

ByHMH 612.71 nepmaim pyccimm nncaTexem; moTopla noxylum B

1933 r. Ho6exeBcxym npemmo no maTepaType.

PemomeHAyemoe "PocnoAnH H3 CaH-cDpaHUncico",

"Mi/iTilHa Jno6oBb".

A.A. Blok

7680

A. A. BJIOK(1880-1921)

AzeRcaHAp A.nexcaHApoBin EJIOK poAx.ncsa B HeTep6ypre B cembe

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lopHATertlecRom, 3aTem Ha itivIo.norprtlecmom cpaRy.mTeTe IleTep6yprcmo-

P0 yHT4BepcivreTa, ICOT01013112 01-COHIIHJI B 1906 roigy

B netiaTH CTHX14 B.noma Brreprme 110SIBI4JIHCB B 1 903 roAy. B

KoHge 19014. r. BT:au.na ero nepBasi KHHra "CTxxx o HpexpacHoll Aame".

Dira IcHmra IIPOHHHHYTa pe.1111P14031-11IMH HacTpoeHmsum H ICYJILTOM "Ben-

Hoti HCeHCTBeHHOCTH".

KaK I103T &Wit 611.71 0,41IHM H3 BRAHetamxx ripeAcTaBHTexell CHMBO

.7m3ma - oc0601'0 HanpaB.neHHE B JIHTepaTne H HCItyCCTBes 3apoARB-

ureroca B KoHge 19-ro Beim BO cippammH i pacnpocTpaHHBureroca 3a

Tem B cTpaHax 3anaAHorr EBpoini H B POCCHH.

CHMBOJIH3M3 110 yirsepuemello ero noczeigoBaTezeils CJIYEHJI no-

cpeAHRmom mexcAy pea.mHoti AeRCTBHTeJILHOCTLIO H mreipame,

MeNCAy XyAOHCHHHOM BONCeCTBOM. CHMBOJIH3M paccmaTpHBaJI SIBJIeHHE

1CH3H1/1 maK CHMBOJILI 110TyciropOHHer0 uHpa; A.ira Hero xapaicTepina

TyMaHHOCTL3 CTHJIH3E111H3:1 o6pa3oB H 11033H$1 HaMeHOB.

B ThopliecTBe Exolca aameTHo, }tax nocTeneHHo y Hero pacTeT

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llyBCTBO. HenpelDEBHO CoBepurelicTBya cBoe .7mTepaTypHoe macTepcirBo,

B.nox BBIABHraeTca Ha riepBoe mecTo cpeAH II03T0B cBoero BpemeHR.

Oco6oe ripm3HaHme B.noxy ripmHocHT TpeTH2 TOM ero "Co6paHRsa CTHRO

TBopeHmr. Ha B.nolca HanxHaioli cmoTpeTB maK Ha npeemHvaca Be.nprxxx

no3T0B 19-ro Bexa.

Ha Bcem TBoplaecTBe B.noxa aexcHT oTnetlaTox TpareAHHHOCTHI

BE3B8HH0 M pa3AaAom mexcAy mewroH, HAea.nom i CACTBXT3ALHOCTI,M.

Tema peBoAmgrem 6u.716. CBS138118 B anacAsu X THopeHHax B.noxa C Tema

poAHHs, HapoAa, C npod.nemofl oTHoureHH/f XHT3.71.711aPeHLIXX X HapoAa

- Bonpocamx, BOAHOBEIBMXMX nosTa Ao rAy6HHm Apial.

Hy6.7ariHme BmeTymeHHH B.710X8 C nTeHHem CBOXX CTXXOB 6121.7IX

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Hue roma.

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npH3BaHHym 7HIPITOEXTb CTapLTt4 mHp E OTHpliTb HoBmes'oBeTame nyTH

6YAYWero. B 1918 P. OH Hanimax CBOM X3BeCTHyM noamy "ilBeHaA -

naTb", xoTopaa 6rama BOCTOINE3HHO BeTpeneHa peBoxiogHomnamH xpy-

ramH. B 3TOR nosme H3o6paxceHm ABeHaAgaTb xpacHorBapAeRgeB,

oBeaHmax repomtor4 peBo.inogHH. Peamma AHTepaTypHux xpyroB Ha

no3my "ZseHaAnaTB" 671.71a paampma. OAHH cluaajm se - Ii npoAomica-.

MT CtIXT8Tb BeputHHOR TBoptlecTBa E.noxal ApyrHe - ocricAami

ocricAamT E.7101C8 38 OTX0A OT npeacHruc no314110 B TBop.qacTBel 3a

nponaraHAHo-arwranHoHHBH xapaxTep no3mm.

B ge.nom 110331151 Exoxa oTawliaeTca dimmocapcxor4 HaungeHHOCTEao,

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cxmaloT HmAalommicsa pyccimm nosTom Haxiaza 20-ro Bexa.

Ha meAyloupaii cTpaHHge npHBeAeH o6paaeg .7mprertiecxoro cunco-

TBopeHHa B.aoxa.

(Tr ans lat ion)

0 Ao6.necTax., 0 nommrax., 0 czaBeYi 3E01:max Ha ropecTHOR 3em.nesHOPAa TBOe JIHIA0 B npocToM onpaBeHepeAo mHoH cmno Ha cTo.ne.

Ho nac HacTax, TH ymaa H3 Aomy.R 6poclui B HOW, 3aBeTHOe HOJILIAO.Ts oTAa.na CBOM CYAb63J APYPOMY,X a 3a6u.7I npexpacHoe Jingo.

AeT exla AHR s xpyTaci, npomaTum poem ...BHHO,H cTpacTb Tepsama *H3Hb MOM ...X BcnomHm 5 Te65 npeA aHa.noems

'X 3BaJI TeOgs max MojI0AOCTb CBOM.

g 3BaJI Te65, HOc.ne3Bi .71H.71, HO

Ts B cmnati rijialgB cspyro HOnb TH

TM He orzaHplaCbsTN e CHH3OZJIa.nenmbHo 3aBepHy.nacbsH3 AOmy pima .

He 3HaMs 11/48 npknoT cBoeti ropAsHeTu, mHzaa., Ts, HezHaa, Hamm ...

xpernto mum, mHe cHHTCa mnalg TBOR cHHHH,B xoTopom TM B cmpym HOTh yurza

ft He menTaTb 0 HeXHOCTH, 0 mariesBce MHHOBaJI0Cbs MO./10740CM npomaalTHoe .immo B ero npocToff onpaBeCHoell pyico y6paji SI co CTOJIa.

On the sorrowful earth I forgotAbout gallantry, heroic deeds and honor,When your face in a simple frameShone before me on the table.

But the hour came and you left home.I flung the cherished ring into the night.You entrusted your fate to another,And I forgot your beautiful face.

The days flew, whirling in a cursed stormWine and passion tormented my lifeAnd I remembered you before the altar,And I called to you, as to my youth ...I called you, but you didn't look about,I cried, but you did not relentYou wrapped yourself sadly in a blue cloak,And walked from the house into the raw night.

I do not know where you found a shelter foryour pride ,

My darling, you, my tender one ...I sleep soundly, I dream of your blue cloak,In which you walked out into the raw night.It's too late to dream of tenderness, of glory,All h passed, youth has passed!I have removed Our face in its simple frameFrom the table with my own hands.

-

H.C. PYMWIEB(1886-1921)

Hremossait CTenaHown rymmileB poArvica B cembe mopcxoro Bpatla.

Home oxorpaaHnsi rreimHaarem yexax B Ilapracs rAe *MX max 6eAHLIM cTy-

AeHT, noceukaa COp6OHHy. 1103Ze cTax cTyAOHTom kicTopmco-cpn.no.norx-

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nrehn. awl ABaNcAm xteHaT. IlepBoti ero Nce Hoti 6m.na R3BeCTBag noaTecca

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B paHHO MHOCTR ryMR.lieB nonyacTaoaax npplaBaxxe IC noaTxnecXo-

my TaopnecTBy. Eme 65rArm PRMHa3RCTOMs OH 113Aax cBa nepwa c6op-

IIHR CTRX6B "HyTE) xoxicareicTaAopoa" (1915).

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cxmaomiama. ECJIM CRMB0.71,13Ms BO rzaBe moToporo CTORX coapemexxxx

rymremeBa noaT AzexcaHAp Knox, Bmpaxcaz paaABoeHne JUVIHOCTR memAy

menToM H AeRCTBHTeXTDHOCTEMs TO llyMR.neB ero nomeAoaaTemi (Ax-

maToaa, ropoAe1x01, MaxAexmATam R Ap.) cTpempixxci, CHS:TB 3T0 npo-

THaopenxe, HaxoAsa B peaxmaroti aemHoli xcrem.HH Bon.nolgeHne noaTxnecxoti

menTm o xpacoTe H nommire.

B rogm, ripeAmecTaoaaBmme Depaofl mxpoBoti BOHHes liymx.neB ea-

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cTBa .

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4o cmepTH rymHzeBa B pa3Hoe spew' B POCCHH 614.710 ony6Janco-

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mozoAelia, linTaxa CTHX.R IVURX8Ba. OHH pacnpocTpaHamicy) nognompHo

nepeAaHamicr, B nepenHcaHHom slme H3 pyx B pyxn. CTRXR rymixe-

Ba AO CRX nop He R3ABMTCR B COBeTCHOM COM38, H ARM B BRAE) Ra

JnocTpagef HeHoTopme R3 HRX nonaAamTca B COBPelleHHIVE COBeTCHRX

rie6Hux noco6Hax no miTepaType.

3a rpalingefl, HannHaa c 1921 r., CTRXR rymmnesa H3Aasamicy)

OTAexi,Humn c6opmaxamm. Han6o.nee nomioe co6paime ero npozwileAe-

HRH R3AaHO B Tomax B CMA (1967).

JIHTepaTypHme AOCITORHCTBa 11033pixTympulesa sewn. H3011TeHHHH

macTep CTRXEI, BRPTY03H0 maAesma no3THgecnol4 4OpM0H R CXOBOM,

IIYMRX6B CTOHT ga Bel:OHM) TBOPLIOB "cepe6paHoro sexa" pyccmolt

no33nx, Ham HamisamT nepmcA HoHga /IX H Hallaza. XX seam.

8 87

H.C. llymx.neB

143 gxxxa "Kann Tame

Ha noaapHinc =pax n Ha macHmx,Ho remrxdam 3e:YreHmx 31)164,!ex 6a3a.nbT0Btxx cmax i acemNiplarmxMexecTaT napyca xopa6.714.

BucTpoxplamax BegyT xannTaHm,0TxpuBaTema HOBHX 3eMeXB,AXE xoro He cs.pammi yparamal,KTO x3BeAa.71 ma.nbcTpemit H me.7m;

TIBE He 'MUM 3aTe.plEHHHX xapTIACOJIBM mopa npornaTaHa rpyAbsKTO puma Ha pa3opBaHHOM mapTeOrmenaeT cBoft 4lep30cTHmti nyTk,

Ms B3OHAA Ha Tpenemymei MOCTHM,BcnomnHaeT noxnHyTuft nopT,OTpaxaa yAapamn TPOCTHK.710111BST nema c BECORHX 60#0pT,

6yHT Ha dopTy o6HappiciaB,M3-3a noaca pBeT HRCTOZOT,Tax Imo cumneTca 30XOTO C xppiceB,C p03oBaTmc 6padaHTcxxx mamiceT.

HycTL 6e3ymcTByeT mope H xxemeT,Ppe6HE BOJIH HOJAH.FIJIHCB B He6eca, -Ma OAHH npeA rpo3oft He TpenemeT,

oAnH He cBepHeT napyca.

PaaBe Tpycam AaHH 3TH ppm,3TOT ocTpuils ysepeimmod B3PJULA,11TO ymeeT Ha Bpazipn 4)e.nyxxHeOXHAaHHO 6p0cian, cDperaT,

MeTxo# ny.neff, -ociporoti zexesollHacTxraTb HCHOJIHHCKHXICHTOBH npnmenaTL B Honk! MHOPO3Be3AHOnOXpaHHTeXBHH2 CBeT maaxoB?

From "Captains"

The ships' sails rustleIn arctic seas and southern,Through curves of long green swells,Among reefs of basalt and pearl.

Swift-winged ships heed their captains,Discoverers of new lands,For whom hurricanes hold no fear,Who have experienced mael.storrns and shoals,

Whose breast is filled with salt of the sea,And not the dust of forgotten charts;He plots his daring courseOn a tattered map with a needle,

And having climbed to the shuddering bridgeHe thinks of the port he left asternAs with strokes of his caneHe slaps flecks of foam from his jackboots,

Or, discovering mutiny on board,Tears a pistol from his belt,So that gold spills from his lace,From his rosy Brabant cuffs.

Though the sea rage and trash about,And wave crests reach to the skies,Not one trembles before the storm,Not one will furl his sails.

Surely cowards aren't given such hands,This keen, confident eye,That can suddenly hurl his frigateAgainst enemy feluccas,

Catch gigantic whalesWith a well-aimed bullet, or an iron harpoon,And perceive in the star-spangled nightThe protective beam of lighthouses.

- 'Ffi21,fis(

11I

-%-1

IC?

410

V. Mayakovsky

,ne.a.viseurartnietlf.

B.B. MA5MOBCKM2(1893-1930)

ArenneonVontIT.D.,.. nt.-

Baagmmxp anagnmnpoBlvi MaaxoBcx0 pogxxca B Ppyspix B cemBe

xecHnnero. 06plaxca B rxmHasrem Ho ee He moHlum. B MocxBe B

1908-10 rr. pa6oTax B peBoammonHom nognompe, nogBepraaca ape-

CRAWI B voimme. Bcxope OH OTOMM OT noximplecxoft pa6oTills

pemna HOCBSITRTI, ce6a Bcegedlo nossmm H o61,51B14.71 ce6a cpyTypncTom.

cPyTypIsm xax HoBoe Hanpamegrie B anTepaType R RCRyCCTBe

BosHnx Ha 3anage B rogm, npegmecTBOBaBlune nepBoVmprposoff

OTO HanpaBxemple, max czegyeT H3 camoro HasBaHma, npoBosrxamazo

6ygymee B JusTeloaType H Tacxyccirse c oTxasom OT npeammx cpopm

ypTaHomeHHmx TpagmgmH. B cBoem pasBmTmm Ha 3anage H B POCCRHI

cfpyTypnsm BEZWICST B camme gxxne cpopmm. B miTepaTYpe crpyTypielcm

cTpemiumcB cosgaTB CBOH CO6CTBeHHO 513H1C, Hapymaa CRHTEIRCHC R

zormxy nmcima; CTRX y HRX cTax xopoTxmm n OTIMBHCTEM, C Bmgyman-

HLIMH H ICTO HeHOHRTHEMR czoBamm. (DyTypncTm oTicawaxm geHHOCTB

Bce2 npexcHeff, H cospemeHHOR .nnTepaTypm.

MaamoBckei BmpTynax Ha JurTepaTypHmx co6paimax CO CBORMR

'cTreixamn, HageB apxo-xcezTym xoepTy H pacxpacim xpacxoti amgo.

06pamaacb x ny6Junte, OH Bmxplimmax gmxme #asm,

pyraTempcTBa. 061411HO'OPO BLICTYRXeHRE BEXHBEIJIHCB

cmaligaam..

C Halia.nom PeBozmum H nimincogom 6oxLmeBxxoB

ocxop6.71eHma z

B 6eso6pasHme

R BXEICTH B Pop-

pmm, MaamoBcxel gezmxom nepexogHT Ha nospigna sonlicTsymmero 60.711D-

mewssma

xosaeBam

CBCH TaXEIHT CTRXOCZONCeHHR nocBamaeT peBoJnogmx H HOBLIM

cTpaHm. B 1919 22 rr. MaamoBcxla loadoTaeT B POCTA

(PoccHticicoe TexerpadfrHoe AreHTcTno), HmnycHaa arkiTagmomme rmaxa-

TE H BLICTaBJIFIFI MX B oxHax nycToBanurrax mara3HH0H ("OxHa POCTA").

OTH njialcaTH pHconaz cam MaIIconcKH H Inicax Ha Hvoc Koponme CTHXH,

Hanpaszemnie Ha 6opro6y c IcoHTppeHommeti.

MagxoscHram HanvicaHc, MHOPO CTI/IXOB "aaagkimrap

Masa}coscx0", "MkicTepHs1-6y#", "Balla" H Iloczegmie 6e3

ycnexa CTaBIIJIVICID Ha cgeHe. Taxrae no3mu MasucoHcxoro, "tax "06.aaxo

B urraHax", "IlexoHex", "150.000 .000", "Bmgmakip MJIbHq JleHHH",

"Xopouro", "Do Becb rwioc" H Hp., CIIHTaIOTCA y COBeTOB xxaccinec-

ICHMVI o6pa3gamra pen0JIIOIMOHHO.-.60JIBIffeBVICTcicoM II033HH. OTJIIIIIHTeJIBHOR

liepTO H033HH MaaxoBcHoro FIBJI,FleTcsa 3.noynoTpe6xemae ByxbrapH3ma-

MH H "rpy6Hmki cxonamx". 11Hcaz OH JI0MaHHTIMH cTraxamra, rge B OAHOM

clipome, HanpHmep,.nomeigaxocb OAHO c.nosc,, 3aTem, olicTynaa B CTO-

poHy, IIIJIH cxegyloulge cTpoIcH, max 611 xecTHHgeR.

B noczepeBozrOLMOHIThle POALI MaYII-COBCICHR OTOIIIeJI OT _clayTypkicTOB

ITOJIHOCTBIO nepexxionmaca Ha HOJIHTHIlecHyro H033H10. Hecxoxbxo rIo-

e3Acqc MasucoHcxoro n 3anagHylo Enpony H AmepHxy gaJIH emy maTepHax

1IJIS1 CTHXOB H cTaTett, B KoTopmx OH BCFPleCICH IlePHHJI H HOHOCHJI Hce

3arpaHHnHoe, magymEasasa He6MJIHHE H He CTeCHFIECID B rpy6ocTH Hupas.

MasucoHcHHN 6e3yCJIOBHO cnInaAax CTHXOTBOPHLIM TaJIaHTOM, HO

TaJIaHT 3TOT He 6NJI Hanpaanex Ha cc37AaHme xyAtoicecTiBemmuc geH-

HocTeti a cxylicm.n B ocHoHe nponaraHAHo-arkiTagHoHHiam gexam 60JIL-

ffiesH3ma. IlasucoBcxnti Ao Ham= Ana eammaeii nepBoe mecTo cpeAH

coBeTcxxx 1103T OH .

B 1930 r. OH 110HOHIIHJI NCH3Hb camoy6Acimom.

IrtgirriMMT!mninvrtzsomemmtmcrym

BO BECI, POJI0C

OTIDEBOR H3 noamm.)

Y-Bamcaemige

Tosapprurvx TIOT OMICH I

POSICb

B CePOAHRIIIHeM

oxamesesmem gepbme,

saurxx gseR Inriaa noTemicx,

EN,

BO3MONCHO,

cnpocr4Te 1/1 o6o

14, Bo3moRcso, cmaxceT

Baur riema,

'Tog apygvaweil

BOHIDOCOB poR,

%ITO e

neBeg imnatiesoll

I IPI1 spar Bogx cmpoti.

Ilpatec cop,

csrame otlicH-se.nocremegl

51 cam paccicaNcy

o Bp eMeHH

o ce6e.

863

417=7:riMnr-MMIrartnarMr...V5rtrinn

In. Full Voice

(A fragment from the poem)

Respected

comrade descendants!

Rummaging

in today'spetrif ied excrement

studying the mysteries of our day

you,

possibly,will ask about me , too.

And, possibly, your scholarwill say,

covering the swarm of questionswit h erudition,

that there once lived a certainchampion of boiled water

and the sworn loe of raw.

Professor,

take off your eye-cyclesI myself will tell,

about the timesand 'about myself.

simeirC .

*Ss-

r" 1" -e 12'4.4

""i, .

,

. ,

'e

,

-4 4 L'i;,1- ,1! 4-A142174-tZUAT4yd-

,..%1.4$11W,021,

,vsf

jc7;44,r

'...,..,.4.4):1"clAvki.Ly 2, -1--?.

tt'5440f.4'

*1' 41f, ',44tdr{ 414

`rig10,-:4-,

.-;

c.

tx

S. Yesenin

C. Crek..a

CEPPE2 ECEH141-1(1 8 95- 1 925 )

Cepreff A.71e1cCaHAIDOBHII ECeHHH p014JICR B ce.ne KOHCTaHTHHOBe,

Pa3ancRoti ry6eplinn, B xpecTbancicoM mine. OICOHIIHJI xlenapexiczac

CHoe ce.ncicoe MJIM1Le H gepIcoBno-npincogcxylo uncoxy. B 1912 T.

nepeexax B MocicBy, rege pa6oTax B. THriorpaclwal H noceigaz .nexima

HapoAHom ynraBePcnTeTe..

HepBrie CTHICH ECeHHHa 110SIBI4JIHCB 13 troc}coBc}cnx xcypHa.max B

1 914 rogy. B 1915 r. OH ee B HeTporpag, r,z(e 3HalC OMHT C

EJIOICOM, ropoxceincram M gpyrnmn 1103TaMH. AnTepaTypInae..xpyrn CTOJIH-

LM BOCT0p)1CeHHO flPHJIH ECeHHHa .icalc:np.egcTaBwre.nsa pyccmoR AepeB-.

HH, H OH 6M.CTio0 npno6pez rpowncylo c.naBy. B 1916 P. BEIlleJI nepmei

c6opHinc 8110 CTHROB.. 3T0 61.1.710 Bpema CTpeMHTe.TILHOPO pCOBHOPO poc

Ta H COBe10111OHCTBOBaHHST macTepcTBa no3Ta. ECeHHH B CHOeM panHem

THOptieCTBe IlpHBeTCTBOBUI. OicTa6pbcicyio peBo.inowno.

B roma 1919-1921 ECeHHH MHOPO HytellleCTBOBaJI no cTpalie.

B POATI 1922-1 92 3, BMeCTe C NCHBIlleR B TO Bpema B MOC1CBe amepnIcan-

cxoti TaxgoBunemetf acegopoR ZynIcan (lcoTopaa cTaxa )Kenoll Ecenvara),

nonmax 3a rpanngetf EBpone, B.ICana,ge H B CIIIA. Ho cpaBxelinlo c

MasncoBolund, ECeHHH CT OST.II Ha HIDOTHBOHOJIONCHWX ../IHTepaTypmax no3 TA

Imax. COBeTH POB01551T, tiTO neczn MaYncoBminti 6 NJI pomoBOK Tpyc5o2

peBOX10141414., TO Ecennx '30JIOTOR cfpzethotit 3Tvax oTmeliaeTca

pHam Eoeximas icoTopLnd riponnicHyTa Amice peBoJnognonnaa TemaTinca

ero noarmin. B gezom, no33na Edemnia npmmeicaeT cBoell cBexcecTwo,

H.C}CpeHHOCTBIO 3a,gyulemiocTmo.

B noc.neAHO nepmom CB0e2 HeAOXPOR XH3HH, ECeHHH rzy6oxo

paaollapoBaxca B TOM, 'ITO npmHema peBomonma POCCHH. BHyTpeHHO

HaA.nom H oxpyzamigasa AeRCTBHTWILHOCTb npmElexm noaTa H poxoBoR

paaBaaxe. B 1925 roAy IECeHHH noxoHnrem XH31113 CaM0y6HRCTBOM, ocTa-

Elms npeAcmepTHoe nmcbmo cElog noczeAHee 110.1IHOe Tparmama CTHXO-.

TBopeHme "Zo CBHAaHT,R, ApYr mas

TexcT ero ITHBOAHTCA

CHHAaHbff

AO CBHAaHLE, Apyr motis AO CBHAaHLE.Mmamil MOH, TN y Melia B rpyAm.HpeAHaaHaneHHoe paccTaBaxbe06e1AaeT BcTpeny BnepeAm.

AO CBHAaHLE, Apyr mon, 6ea ppm H C.TIOBa,He rpycTr4 H He nexia.rm 6poBefisB aToti MCH3HH puipaTb He HOBO,Ho H NCHTL, HOHWIIHO, He HOBO.

Farewell, my friend, farewell.Dear friend, you are in my heart.Our predestined partingPromises a meeting in the future.

Farewell, my friend, no hand shake,no last words,Don't lament, don't knit your brows in grief, -In this life it's not hing new to dieBut to live, of course, isn't any newer.

H. 3. BABEAb(1894-1941)

Picaax 3mmaHyvmosin Badeas porc B Ogecce B cembe Topros-

ga espea. SrliMJICS1 B OgeccIcom icommepliecmom piremmme. C 1917 r. no

1924 r. nepememm mHoro npolteccO. B 1920 r. cayaum B RpacHoft

xoHHoli apmvin. B 1939 r. dbm apecTosaH H 3ax.illoxieH B xollimarepb,

B xoTopom normd B 1941 rogy.

Badedib - macTep mopoTmoro paccxa3a. Hepsme ero paccma3m

dbmx HaneliaTaHm B 1916 rogy. B paccIca3ax 20-30-x 110,40B OH CO3-.

gax odpa3m doHnos ROHHOR apmmm B enoxy peso.alognoHHmx does (cdop-

Hram "HoHapmma"), a Talace odpa311 espeticmoR ropogexo2 deglicam

("Ogeccmme paccma30). OH 6b1.71 nmcaTexem pea.ancTom; nopoii ero

peadix3m nepexogrem B HaTypaam3m. 'Bean rosopmTb o cxogcTse Ba-

dexa c HilocTpaHHmmm nvicaTexamm, TO OH dmace no csoemy Tsopliec-

Tsy Tamram amepylicaHcmxm nmcaTexam, max Xemmlirypft, KmAymx,

CTOHdem.

PeitomeHAyemoe "KoHapiume.

r:

' &WT.

. e'

cr).

A.H. TORTOR(1882-1945 )

AxeKcerei HmIcoxaeBmli To.gcToti pogx.aca B cembe rpaqpa H.A. Tox-

CTOPO. MaTb ero &um geTcKoM nmcaTexbHmg0, KoTopaa nynamKoBaxa

csom NH= nog cpamimmeti EocTpom. AxeKceti To.ncToti noxylimx TexHm-

liecxoe o6pa3oBaHme, OKOHIIMB HeTepdyprelca TexHo.normliecica MHCTM

TyT.

Ho OCHOBHOMy HanpaBxemno cBoero .7114TepaTypHoro TBopliecTBa

Axexcell To.acToti 6N npegcTaBmTexem umTmiLlecicoro peaxm3ma.

B 1911 II. OH ony6xxKoBax pBoil nepB0 c6opHmx CTHX0B. Ho He B

11033MM, a B np03e OTIlaCTM B pamaTyprrelm npoaBm.aca pa3HocTopoH-

HIA TaxaHT nmcaTexa. BcKope OH BlicTynmx c' nPom3BegeHmamm M3

MCM3HM nomemmKoB (pomaHm "Ilygamm","XpoMoil. 6apme). Hpomcxoga M3

apmcToxpaTmliecK0 nomemmlibeti cpegul'Axexcerl TOJICTO* npexpacHo

3HaX pycci-ca nomeigimmii 6LIT nmcaTexem oTpmgaTe.abHmx cTopoH KOTO

poro OH cTax B CBOMX npegpeBaumgmoH4mx .npopi3BegeHmax.

BHaliaxe ToxctoM Bp.ax4Le6H6-BcTpeTmx OKTOpbbKym peBoxi6gmm m

ommumpoBax 3a rpalli4tU,', 1918 r. noaBm4acb B neliaTm ero 3a-

megaTexbHaa noBecTb 114eTCTBO HMICMT0' npmHg".71excalgaa K Tmny aBTO-

dmorpacpmliecxxx npom3BegeHm2. B 1923 rr. Axelc00, ,To.acToti BepHy.aca

B COBeTCKM2 COM3 rge ycnemHo npOgoJptcax He TO.abicOCBO .71mTepaTyp-

Hoe TBOplieCTBO, HO M 3aHmmaxca oftecTBeHHoM AeRTeXI3HOCTMO, nox-

HOCTBM nepexmolimBmmcb Ha coBeTCKme no3mgmm M .71143x2 ongaacb c

COBeTCHMMH npaBmTexbeTBeHHNmm Kpyramm M JIIHO CO CTaJIMHTIM.

H3BeCTHEMM npom3BegeHmamm To.acToro,, HanmcaHm4mm Ha BECO-

KOM xmTepaTypHom ypoBHe, RBXAMTCR ero m6Topmliecicmil pomaH

"HeTp I", Tipmorma R3 onoxx rpaNcgancxo* Balm B Poccrim "Ibacge-

lime no ripme, napino-dpamTacTiviecEme pomamm "1'mnep6ozomg mime-

nepa rapmma" m "Apapaa" m oTmellennaa Blame nosecTL IloaeTCTBO Hm-

'MTH .

Pexomengyemoe I1Tenme: "raeTCTBO HRERTes "Xoamenme no myxam",

"Pmnep6ozomg mmicenepa rapmma".

M.A. Sholokhov

l'.grorlrea"--41=tsetmestouz-e

M. A. 1110.7I0X0B

(1905- )

Mvixama AxexcaHApowin 1110.1TOXOB poAremcsa B cliamme BemeHoltofl

Ha ZoHy. Y111,1.71CR B pa3Hux rrelmHamsax Ao 1918 roAa. C 3TOPO Bpeme-

H14 npminelmax axlimBHoe ynacTme B peB0.71101.11/11/1 Ha cTopoHe "xpacumx".

Hanax micaTE. nenaTaTECR B 1923 P. B Homcomodmcxxx ra3eTax

zypHaxax. IlepBaa IcHvira ero "AoHcxxx paccica3oB" Bumaa B 1925 r.

C 1925 P. npvicTynrem H pa6oTe Hag 6ompli1Hm pomaHom "TvIxel

A01.11 . flHcaJI ero 1110.710X0B 15 xeT. B "Tvixom ZoHe" AaHa umpoicaa

IcapTvara rpa*AaHcHoti BOHHE B AOHCHOH o6xacTm 14 Ha 3TOM dpoHe

pa3BepHyT cmiceT pomaHa. rzaBHumvi geFICTBymigmmx Junlamvi B Hem AB-

JIRIOTCST Ica3amm, 6uT H xapawrep xoTopmx dux xopomo, 143BecTeH Mo-

xoxoBy.

B pomaHe "HoAHRTaa gemma" (1932-1959) MOJIOXOB 143o6pa3mx

HoxxeliTHBremaimm B AepeBHe.

B roAu BTopoil mrelpoBoR BOHHH M0.710X0B rnicax oneplui, ny6.7114-

cTrAnecluie cTaTE.H. B Te xe roAu HM HankicaH paccma3 "Hayma HeHa-

BI/IC.T1,1 Tel Hanami nenaTaTbca rixaBu 1/13 pomaHa 01114 cpaxamich 3a

poAvilly". B1957 P. 671.71 ony6xxxoBaH ero paccma3 "CyAB6a nexoBeica':

HO pomaHam MoxoxoBa 6umi CHATE ()TUILMH B CCCP H HarnicaHm COBeT

m0m1103mTopamx onepm. limeeTcsa Taime cprembm no paccma3y

"Cygra6a nexoBexa".

gxeH mommyHmovelnecx&A nap= C 1932 P., MOJIOXOB He1/13MeHHO

cxegoBax B cBoem TBopnecTBe Bcem ylca3aHHam H re3r146am napTHRHOR

nomITrenuel B cTpaHe, T.e. Tomy, nTo no coBeTcmoM Tepmremmorrem Ha-

3HBaeTCSI "rellepaxmla xremma napTme.

B 1965 r. Illo.noxoB no.nytud.n Ho6e.neEicicylo npanvo no .inrrepaType.

PeicomenAyemoe trreHme: "CyAb6a nezoBeita", poman "Thxk Lton".

B . JIe IIACTEPHAIC(1890-.1960)

wat=r5,4AsclimOttMg=tgMtnt:

Bopvic JIeommoBkri flacTepHaK ponoa B MOCKHe B cembe 1,1313E3CT.

Horo xyLkozmn,ca JI.O. IlacTepHaxa. floc.,ie oxoHliaHma rrendHa3ma B MOC.

ItBel OH nocirynim cHa%ia.na Ha lopplArerlecimill a 3aTeur nepeBexca Ha

HcTopprtlecHmil cpalcy.ABTeT MOCHOHCHOPO yHreiseperAireira. PIHTepecyslcb cipH-

zocapHeill 143ylia.a ee B Map6yprcicom yHrmepcvvreTe B repmaHravi.

CH010 JurrepairypHylo egeSITeJIIDHOCTB IlaCTepHali Haliaz Tko peHoJno-

gym. B ero paHHxx cTraxax cica3a.aocL BJIHSTHHe CHMB0JIH3Ma'. B noc.ne-

Ayionme POAH 6111J11,1 ony6..nrucoBaHN 3110 no3mEa "JIenTeHaHT

I I rrp,e13$1TECOT 1151T1R 110A H C6OpHHICH CTHX0B. Bia,e B coBepureHeTBe

HecKoJnacvnim sa311KaMTA, oH nepeBez TpareAma B . Illexcimpa, "oPaycTa"

B . rigT el psaA ripoHoBeAeHHH rpy3HHci-tvoc 110 3T013 H p.

BoetuipHylo 1,13BeCTHOCTID IlacTepHax no.nylmn 6,naro4iiapa cBoemy.

pomaHy "Zolvrop ETABan. '1956). 3TOT poNtaH He 6LIJI AonyigeH K ne-

TiaTH B CCCP, HO (5b1.71 H3ogaH 3a rpaHHgerr no-pyccicm H B nepeBoAaX

C OPHPHHaJaHOVI pyi-conHcz, 110J1pieHHOR H3 CCCP. ICHTAra rame.aa 6ozb-.

wo ycnex y 111,1Tairezeil CBoc5o74Horo mrapa, a B CHIA no pomaHy "Aox-

Top EmBatio" 6H.71 co3Aa:u TOPO Ee Ha3BaHHH.

flocre ony6mucoBaHrisa aa rpaHHgeil "ZoHTopa EmBaro", lIacTepHa-

Ky 13 1 958 r. 6Eaza npracyx,r4eHa Ho6e.7IeBc}casa npelmsa no xvvrepaType.

CoBeToRme 13JIaCTH 3acTaBium IlacirepHaxa oirKa3airbcsa OT Hee, a po-

max ero 6bLa o61satizeH "pealumomanyt z axTznaTpHoTrolec}crnte. Ha

IlacTepHalca nocmnaxmcb 06BHHeHHS1 33 HeJ10.51JIBTIOCTH, Hoiropme nyOJIM-

}coBa.nHcb BO Bcex raaeTax B CoBeircicom Comae.

101

,5

Xcx.voneHmail 143 Colo 3a coseTcxxx nracaTexelf rei zrenuessiel npasa

Ha Tsop"necTso, HacTepHam CHOHtiaJICH El 1960 Poorky

AMJIE T

ry.71 3aTTIX. I ssurez Ha 110/4MOCTICH.TIPHCJIOHFICI, IC sepHomy xocsixy

AOHJII0 B Aaxelcom oTrozoome,qTO CJIYtIVITCH Ha moem sexy.

Ha Melia HacTaszeH cympax HolmTscsuiLio 6msox.neti Ha OCI4.ECJIH TOJILICO MONCHO, AHEM 01"ieXi a ury 3Ty Ammo npoHeca.

mo6Juo THOR 3amsce.n ynpammilX reirpaTh corjzace 3T po.m.Ho ceRtiac HOT gpyraa gpama,X Ha 3TOT paa meHsi yso.m.

Ho npolAymas pacnopsuom AelicTsredi,H HeoTspaTmm KoHeg HYTH.ST ouni, BC1:5 TOHeT B CPaprelCeRCTHe.EH3HID npommTb - He no.ne nepeRTx.

102

(Translation)

HAMLET

The hum of voices died. I came out on the stage.Leaning in the door frame,I strain to hear in a distant echoWhat will happen in my time.

Through a thousand opera glassesNight's half-light focuses on me.If you could, o Father,Let this cup pass from me.

I love your immutable design,And agree to play this part,But now another drama's taking place,So this time let me be.But the order of act Is thought through,And way's end is inevitable.I am alone, all sinks into hypocrisy.One can't pass through life, as one walks across

a field.

PeicomeHAyemoe liTeBne: pomaa "Awcrop ZwBarol!.

M. A. EK/IPAKOB(1 891-1 9/4 0)

Mpixamx Ad:paHacbeBmn By.nramos pogmxca B KmeBe B cembe npogpec-

copa ItmeBcmoR gyxoBHOM amagemmm. Ho o6pa3oBaHmm dux Bpaxwm.

HetraTaTioca Hatiax B 1919 rogy. B paHHHx paccma3ax "AHaBoxm-

aAa" (1924) EyaramoB caTmpmnecxm m3o6paaca.71 coBeTcxym geticTBmTexb-

HOCTL. 3aTem ox Hanmcaz pomax "Be.nasz r.Bapgma" H3 anoxm rpasxgax-

cmolf BORHE B POCCHHH Ha ero OCHOBe co3gax nbecy "AHm Typ6mmix",

moTopag noc.ne nocTaHoBmm Ha cneHe MOCICOBCHOPO XygoacecTBeHHoro

TeaTpa B 1926 r., 611.71a HememeHHo cHaTa c penepTyapa H 3anpeige-

Ha, a ByXraROB OCTEgeH 3a aHTHCOBeTCHHe HacTpoeHma. 1Dro npom3Be-

geHma nepecTaxm negairaTb. B 30-x rogax nbecy "Aim Typninnix" onsnb

BepHyaH Ha cloy. Tem He meHee By.nraxoBa acecToxo npeczegoBaxa

coBeTcmasz HPHTHHa go camott ero cmepTz.

PomaH "MacTep Maprapman noc.ne cmepTm ByaramoBa 6131.71 man-

geH cpegm ero 65rmar xi BnepBble ony6.7mmoBau CoBeTamm B 1967 rogy

B acypHaze "3Be3Aa" c geH3ypInimm xyrnopamm. HocxegHee BPIgH0 H3

cpasHeHmsz pycemoro TemcTa pomaxa c aBrxmlicmmm ero nepeBogom, H3

Aammnit B CEA. 3TOT nepeBog dux cAezaH amepHmaHcxmm H3gaTe.nbcTBom

no no.71Homy TexcTy, moToputt ygamcb noxylumb 143 COBeTCHOPO COM3a.

Kam 3TO HepeAxo 6mBaeT B .7nnepaType H mcxyccTBe, mamoe-To

ogHo npom3BegeHme aBTopa CTaHOBHTCR BepfinaHott ero TBopnecTBa.

'Palma nplamepom mozeT CZYNCHTb pomaH "MacTep m MaprapmTa".

H3BeCTHO, %ITO HaA OTHM,CPELBHHT.3.71bH0 Hedoabnimm no oftemy pomaHom,

By.nramoB padoTax gBenaggaTb nomegHinc .71eT cBoelt ICH34H.

1 04

<TICOMMILVVVCSMN:mrail erimoramanms"meavosvaesse.r..,..a.somsawnel..aseArntai.MEMOttiareftr..M.MATMeig&TAVITMtralrgteltf.

Ha aTOPO MONCHO aelQII0IIHTbo TO "MacTep H MaprapHTa" 671.no .ino6nroe

er0 THOpeHHes HoTopomy OH npreumBax Hcm.imulTeabHoe 3HelleHHeo

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Ao npHaHaTB, NITO pomaH aTOT 3acay*HBaeT camog BECOMOM onemm

max no IINCTO JuiTepaTypxmm AOCTOHHCTHEIM H cmucze OpHIIHHWILHOCTH

cioadyxm, anima H CTHJIR, Tam x no cfmnococpcmofl HoHgenim, ocTalmaa

impomoe no.ne AJIR ToamoHamia ero HAeHHoro CMCJI H coAepscamm.

3ToT pomaH ByxramoBa nocpoe B ABYX mnaHax: B nepBom -

dimHTacTiviecHom H rpoTecmom, 6xemymem ocTpoymHem H caTivofl, -

CO6IIITHR pa3BopalumamTca B coBeTcHoM MOCKBe; BO BTopom niae -

TparmiecHom, rAe B mepHo-noBecTBOBaTeJIBHON cpopme onftcHBaeTcR CYA

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ApYrOMY.

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memul Ao6pa. 3Aecb By.nramon npHmemix meToA, oneBHAHO npHemzemuti

Aza ny6xxxamm B aHTivemirmo3Hom itommylnicTnnecHom odmecTse, a

HmeHHo: OH OTOIlIeJI OT eBaHre.nbcxoti Bepcim C06111TH1 M cooAax co6-

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XpHoTa B 06pa30 Ao6poAymBoro H HeB3IDAIIHOPO nponoBeAHHHa.

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cTaTett B CoBeTcicom Co Io3e, vi 3a rpammeti. OH B113BaJI dozBurott vm-

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ICHHP .

PexomeHAyemoe xITeHxe: pomaH "MacTep H MaprapETa".

1 06

::110

,

0;

KOHCTAHTHH CHMOHOB(1915-

KOHCTaHTHH (HaCTOFIll433 HMA KHIDHJIJI) MHXELHAOHNII CHMOHOB, pyc-

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JIHTepaTyPHOM HHCTHTYTe B MOCICBe. rietiaTaTIDCH Hanax B 1934. roAy.

ELIJI BOeHHEM IcoppecnoHAeHTom. AXTHEMBH TIJI3H KIICC c 1 942 roAa.

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maTepaType.

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noamm CxmoHoBa aBynxT mompeHHo m HanmcaHa Ha BLICOMOM maTepaTyp-

HOM YIDOBHe.

108

2r.nr.r.tY,MYSIPIEK111767==glirttrIntersontoralurvzweravenearnrow.

TN NOMHHIlIb Azeura, Aoporx CmozeHuniHN,Kax WJIH ecxoHenHrze, 3.7rue Aoacirm,Kax xprenum Hecxx Ham ycTazHe xcemindmi,HprvicaB, max AeTeR, OT AoxcAsl reIX K PIDSTAH,

Kax czeau om4 BuTreTaxx yxpaAxolo,Kax Bc.neA Ham urenTaJm: "rocnoAb Bac criaci4111X cHoBa ce651 Ha3NBaJn4 cozAaTxamx,Kax BcTapb HOBeJIOCB Ha BeJancon Pycx.

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Kax 6yATo 3a xamcAom pyccxoti oxoaxgeti,KpecTom CBORX pyx orpazAm RUMEX,Bcem mapom collAacb, Haim npaAeat MOJISITCH3a B Bora He BegallI,HX BHYHOB CHOHX.

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Hy, ITO KM exa3aTb, nem yTemxTb MOIVIH MN MaHo, rope IIOHSTB CBOTIM 6a6bpar liymemsTN nomHxmb, cTapyxa cxasaza: "PoAxmiate,HoxyAa HAHTe, mu Bac noAoscAedf.

"Mu Bac noAozAeml "- POBOpHJIH Ham nazxTx."Mu Bac noAozAeml" - roBopaJni .neca.Tra 3Haeutb, &nem, Honamx mHe xaxceTca,4To czeAom 3a MHOn 14X PlAyT roxoca.

109

V.V2Vt*

Ho pycclund odmnaam, TOXI2X0 noacapmmaHa pyccx0 oeme pacxmAaB nooaAH,Ha Hammx racioax ymmpamT ToBapmwm,Ho-pyccxm py6axy pBaHyB Ha rpyAm.

Hac nyxx c Todom noxa ewe mmxymT.Ho, TproicAu noBepmB, nTo 3Icm3HE, yace Bca,H Bce-Taxm ropA 6max 3a campo mrempos3a pyccxym ammo, rAe a pomuica,

3a TO, nTo Ha Heti imepeTB mHe 3aBemaHo,4To pycexaa MaTb HEIC Ha CBeT poWas4TO, B 60 npoBoacaa Hac, pyccxaa acemiumaHo-pyccxm Tpm pawl meHa o6Haza.

(Translation)

You remember, Alyosha, the roads around Smolensk,How the endless evil rains poured down,How exhausted women brought us earthen pots of milk,Pressing them, like children, from the rain to their breasts,

How they furtively wiped away their tears,How they wispered after us, "God save you!"And called themselves soldiers' wives again,As it was of old in great Russia.

More often measured in tears than in miles,The road went on, hiding from view on hillocks:Villages, villages, villages with graveyardsAs if all Russia were met in them.

Beyond the outskirts of every Russian village, it seemed,Guarding the living with the cross of their arms,Gathering all together, our forefathers prayedTo God for their unbelieving children.

I'm sure you know, after all, that the homelandIs not the city house where I lived in grand style,But these country roads, traveled by our forefathers,And the melancholy of the village road from town to town.

You remember, Alyosha: the hut near Borisov,A weeping girls' wail for the dead,The gray-haired old lady in the velveteen coat,The old man dressed all in white for death.

MY=TAIX=MallMMmmmm

Well, what could we tell them, how could we comfort them?

But, understanding our, grief with her grandmotherly sense,You remember, the old woman said, "Go ahead now,My boys, we will wait for you."

"We will wait for you," the ripe fields told us."We will wait for you," said the woods.You know, Alyosha, it seems to me at nightThat their voices are following me.

Having left behind, as in Russian custom,Only burnt remains on Russian land,Comrades die before our eyesRipping, as the Russians do, their shirt from their breast.

The bullets still are merciful to us.But having thought three times that life was finished,I was still proud for the very dearest,For the Russian land where I was born,

For the fact that I'm bound to die on her,That a Russian mother bore me to this land,That seeing us off to battle, a Russian womanIn the Russian way embraced me thrice.

A. H. CO.IDREHHIIKH(1 91 8-

A.aexcaHAp HoaeBng Co.miceHmgm, coBpemeHma rincaTe.n, HaxoAR-

IgHtiCSI B COBeTCKOM C0103es poncs1 B RACJIOBOACKe B cembe KOHTOpCK0-.

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KOCTEP 14 MYPABLH

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Ho cTpanno: onn ne y6eraAn OT aocTpa.

EAna npeoAonen OB014 ymac, onn nanopannnaAn, rcpylnumcb n

aaaaR-To cam nnerunt nx na3aA, IC noannyTO PoAnnel - n 6nAn

mnorne Taxne, %ITO Omni, n36e1'aAn na ropmee 6penzmuao, meTa-

ARC}, no nemy n norn6Eurn Tam.

116

' 1202,1

_

[ MAPHK

Bo mope y Hac oAnn manblinn AepxuT necnna Mapnxa Ha germ

- xyTiiincom GPO nocrtAnAn, C AeTCTBEI.

Honec n emy oAHaxAm nypninie MOCTR, eme TenAme, naxynne, a

TyT xax pan manwinx cnycTnA 6eAunry noderaTb no Anopy. CHer BO

=lope nymucTun, oft.lrEnuti. Mapnic meveTcn nphurnamn, xax nang, TO

Ha naAnne HOPH, TO Ha nepeme, R3 yrza B yron jumps, R3 yrna

B irox, H uopAa B cHery.

floA6exae no use, AoxuaTult, meHn onpuraz, KOCTR nomoxaA

n nponb onnTb, 6gpxou no eneryl

He HaAo ne, MOA, BEWIRX xocTen At:I/A.1.e TOABKO cBo6oAy1

HYTEMECTBIT BACIAb OKH

HpotiAn npocUmmun CpeAHeli Poccnn, HannHaemb nonnmaTb, B

=tem xmon ymmpoTBopnmmero pyccnoro neUnaza.

On - B nepnBax. B36exaBmne Ha npnropxn, BaomeAmme Ha xon-

mu, napermamn 6eAmmn n xpacHumn BunreAnme x mmponnm pexam, xozo-

KOABHRMR cTpoMmun, Tonensun, pansumm,noAHnnmneen HaA COAOMOK

Hog R TUCOBOH nonceimennocTbm OHA unAa.nexa - ncAa.nexa HRBRIOT

April ApYry, ORR 03 ceA pacodmeHmx, April ApYry HeBRARMHX, n0A-

nnmaxmca x eAnnowir ne6y. II No 6 rm n noxe, na Ayrax nn 6pen,

nna.nn OT BCAKOPO ZHXBA nnxorAa rm se oAnH: nonepx xecHoll

cTermil CTOPOB HamUTannux n camon cemnoff onpyrnocTn BcerAa ma-

ART Te6n MKKOBKK KOAOKOAeHRH TO H3 rOpOK A011eUKHX, To R3 Alco.

6nneMs TO HO PaBpn.noBcxoro.

Ho TH BX04HMII B Ce.40 H Y3HaeMbs nTo He *mime - yamme npu-

BeTCTBOBELAH Te6R 13AaAl1. KpecTm AaBHO cion6.neHm HJIH cxpnwiewm;

o6oApaHubd1 itynox 31tReT OCTOBOM nopicaBemanx pe6ep; paCTeT dypbRn

Ha xpmmax H B pacmeminax cTeH; peAxo eme coxpaHn.nocb x.naRdnW

Boxpyr nevatn, a TO ciumeHm ero xpecTms BmBoponetim MOPHAH; 3a-

azTapHme o6pa3m CHM= Ao*Amin AecuTnneTnn; ncnncaHm noxa6mmin

HaAnncRmn.

Ha nanepTn dorm c coxRpxoll, x HMI pa3BopannBaeTeR Tpax-

Top. HAi rpy3oBnx Bsexax H3t3OBO1( B ABepb npnTpopas depeT memxn.

B Toil nepxBn noAparnBamT cTaHxn. 3Ta - npocTo Ha 3amice, 6e3moz-

EMe B OAHOH H eme fl OAHOH xxy6m.

"Ao6bemca BHCOHH,C yAoeBlu, "Hoama o mnpe", "BeAmmili nommr".

N HcerAa Javn 6HAm HOpHCTHIts H nacTo HeAo6p1I. Ho pa3Aa-

BaAca 3BOH HenepHmH, rum.71 HaA cezoms nai nonems HaA xecom.

HEIHOMHHSA OH, nTo HaAo noxnHyTb meAxne 3emHme AeAal OTAaTb

gac H OTAaTb MUCJIH Be4HOCTH. 3TOT 3B0Hs coxpannBmntica Ham

Tenepb B OAHOM TOAbH0 cTapom HaneBes nominma.71 moAeil OT TOPOs

nTo61 onyeTnTbca ... Ha neTmpe HOPH.

B 3TH HaltHm, B xoAoxo.neHxn 3TH Hamm npeouxm BZOIEHJIH BC

cBoe zygmee, Bee cBoe nomimaHne ZH3HH.

KoBmpRH, BmTbIcas Achn601, He wizen

KHHO 6YAeT B MeCTbs TIMM B Bacemb

PexomenAyemoe qTeHme: norsecTb "OAnn AeHb HBana ollenncoBnna",

pomaHm "B xpyre nepBom", "PaxoBmil xopnyc".

4 e;1024.

lf,

-

114

Y. Yevtushenko

Eer,

E. A. EBTYMEHKO(1933 - )

Enrennti AAexca nAponnti EtTymenxo - coneTcxnli 1103T. C 1951 P.

Ao 1954 P. PIHAOR B AnTepaTypnom HHCTHTYTO NM M. rOPbH0110.

llenaTaTbeR OH uatiaA B 1949 roAy. B nepaux ero CTHXHX 6131A0 3ameT-

HO ynennnecxoe noApaxanne Masixonexomy.

EBTYMBHHO nopoll napymax TPB6OBBHER COBBTCHOfi RABOAOPHH.

HexoTopue CTHXH ero noodymmaxn ocTpym noAemnxy H BOABBPPHAHCE. CY

ponomy ocrimennm C0B8TCHAX KPHTHHOB ("Ba60 H AP.). 3Tn nepn-

OAH -"YHAOHOB" B TnopnecTne lEnTyntenxo nepemexaAncb c nAeoAornnecxn

nuAepacannumn n COBBTC1COlit Ayxe npononeAminnun, xoTopme oAo6pRAncb

napTelaon nenoypoli (no3ma "BpaTexaR 1'3C" n

EnTymenxo nanncaA n onyt5Anxo8ax B 1963 r. 3a rpanuneR CBOM

"AnTo6norpa4ne, xoTopaR duAa ocrimena ConeTamn. 04naxo, necmo-

TPR Ha PRA Tnopitecxnx HOMENIHHTOB C coneTcxoff genwpoft H HPHTH..

KOU, EtTymenxo 034nA 3a rpannuy n nucTynax co CBOZKR npononeAe-

HRRMH nepeA nnocTpannoff ny6Aincoli. Buz on na cnonx AnTepaTypnux

racTpomix 'mime B CMA.

TaxanTAnnnti 1103T, EbTymenxo RWIRBTCR BEAHHM npeAcTannTexem

mozoAoro noxoxenma coneTcxnx no3Ton, nmemnx Temengnm x uapy-

menB xecTxnx pamox Tax nanunaemoro "conpeaxnsma" n coneTcxnx

nAeozornnemnx yeTanonox.

Ero CTHX2 nmemTca B nepenoAax na nnocTpannue 53IIMI. CABO

H3 cTnxoTtopenef EnTymenxo, nanncannoe mu nocze n0e3Axn B CMA,

npnnoAnTeR na cAeAymmell cTpannge.

ENTHHIIA

3Ta Aenonxa R3 Hbv-Hopma,HO emy He npnnaAAemnT.3Ta Aenoqxa HA0Ab He0HaOT calla me ce6R 6earnT.

3Toti Aenoqxe nenanncTeHmnp - OCHRCTaHHO mopaAncT.4AA Heti He OCT9A0Ch n nUm RCTRH.3amenneT eli RCTRHH "THRCT".

c neqVcr.nammn noxocamn,H rpy6om cnnTepe n onxaxnxRmeT xyAenbxoe oTpngatibena Tonmcentxnx ma6armax.

Ha en xameTcR AOZ1M Ha cneTesnet; - oT Endmila AO Pa3eT.ECM MbHTeKHR R KanyzeTTn.HeT Pomeo n neT.AmpmeTT.

OT pa3AIRRli Aepenbst nonnium,R monneTeR Bo xmexmmecRus cympannuM, =OHM) 6nnirnmsBAmb no mAennomy

OH 6peA8T, HaH OT CV:1)MM H cTofixesco3epnammafl, neAmAnmsn npexpacHati, Ho n mecToxn*npocTnpaeTcR ropoA noA

Bcö mecToxo n xpumns n cTenm,HaA ropoAom necnpocTa

Tezenn3qpHme anTennmmax pacnRTnR 6e3 XpncTa

(Translation)

BEATNIK

This girl is from New York,But doesn't belong to it.It's from herselfShe is running by the neon lights.

The world for her is hateful -A moralist hooted from the stage.In it for her there is no truthThe twist replaces truth.

And with unbrushed hair,In glasses and a rough sweaterThe skinny little negationDances on in stilleto heels.

Everything on Earth seems a lie to herProm the Bible to the daily papers.She sees the Montagues and Capulets.There are no Romecsand Juliets.

The treetops bend deep in thought,The moon in drunken stupor,And somber like a beatnik,Ambles down the milky avenue.

He wanders as from bar to barWatchful and aloof,The city spread below himBeautiful but cruel.

All is cruel - the roofs and walls,And TV antennas standSymbolically above the cityLike crucifixes without Christ.

.ftmmamor$1,,are,fr,Tt-t!!!",,,7"r!,

OBPA3gU KOPOTKMX PACCKA30B,KOTOPHE PACHPOCTPAHELTCH B COB. C0103E

HOCPEACTBOM "CAMH3AATA".

H3 minim A. B.InlAnmnpona"Poccma 6e3 npmxpacymoanaHmii".

"Hocen" 1969 r.

MOCKBA - TEKEHI)

CamozeT 110AH5L7ICR c mocxoncxoro appoApoma n zer nypcom Ha

YintAbc,HH# ropoA Tmmeub. 3a oxuamn HOU,. Haccaznpn yrue3Anxneb

noy4o6Hee B xpeczax n HemeiveHHo aacrly.m. JImmb aeTOPY nTO-TO

He cnazocb. OH cmoTpeA Ha npftnyAzmnme nom,' cnammx, Ha nx OTBHC--

mme neAmcTn, imam:mite OT noTa BHCHH, Ha Hen.noTHo npmcpurTme rJraaa

C 3eMeTHB1IIHMHCH apanxamn H ArMaJI 0 CTIMIHROM nexe, B HOTOPOM

TeX 61CTp0 conepmeHcTnyeTca TeXHHHe H Tax meA.neHHo - JUOH. Am-

An Te Nce camve, HntlyTb He zytime cpemienexonmx, a BOT noAm TH

- CIIRT Ha nucoTe AecaTn rucan meTpon CO cxopocTbm BOCeMbCOT XH-

.1IOMTOB B nac, CZOBHO B Anznzauce HAFT Ha BePOHHOU cicalae noti-

TOBOPO noeaAa.

Bpyr B.naCTHIIM rozoc: "CTonl OCTeHOHHTb camo.nUTI" 11T0

Taxon? Kax nonaza B camozeT aTa cTpaHHan rpynna nTO CTOHT

Tau, nnepeAm, y nn.noTcxoti xaftme

Ho pe3MUMARTb uexorAa, ulonx83 pce uunoxueul peaxTmnEsH

zatinep OCTeHOBWICR B nomyxe, onepmncb xpbmbamn Ha Ana o6zaxa,

Bile3elaHO CTEIBMMX TBETAMMH Hex CHWIM. H oAmH H3 BHOBb nian6mummx,

PBHO uanazbunx, rpomxo 067,RWI5IeT:

- BH2ImaHHei Bcem naccaxpipam ocTaBaTiDca Ha mecTax. ByAeT

nposepma CHOB. Ilpa*AaHe, aaperHcTpmpoBaBliale CBOH CH B ADpocpxoTe,

AOJDICITIA Ilpe/AIS:113HTB KBPITaHIIHH. Tel ICTO He DaperricTprelposa,a, o6a3aHH

paccxa3dTb cogep)IcaHme cHaY HOHRTHO? Halumaeml

Cirpaino Bce-Taxvi 1310.7IFIAHT DTOT HallaJILHHIC. J1a H ero no,tcpyti-

Hme ZJIHHHHe xam3oduil 6exue IyJIKH, ammaim c npsvicHamia -

KalivieTO .7110/40BHKH 4iia H TOJIBICO. HO 0006eHHo VAIII3HTeJITDHE iiX .7m4a

OHM coBeputeHHo opHozerroBue..

BOT "JhogoBHKH" nogxogair H 1BOM y pagy Hpece.n, rAe creuurr

3Taxviii 6.aarono.artima yrarrammiri rpaxcAaHHH C poaosoM JILICHHOti. Hy,

y Taxvix Ha Hawazil CJITtiarl NCH3HH ecTh bymamca. 14 Totmo - rpaxgamm

AocTaeT ICI3HTaH141410, po3osylo HaN ero JIBICHHal 11PWVIDS:133.715:IeT

Icy BC6 B nopaAxe. HpoBepalcume ABTDIcyTca AaJaue.

EeCHOICORCTBOy IIIBCTBO 6e3BILTXO4LIHOCTH H TOCICH Bee ekmbHee

oxBaTusaerr asTopa. TITO xte 6ygeT? BeATD OH, aBTop, He TOJILKO IC1311

Taknuem He HMeeTy HO H He CHM, 3HD:LIHT cHa He BHAe.n. 1aH DTO /40

KaaceunD rpo3Homy BaliaJIBHMEy?

Ho noNa IITO Tam, B nepBux ps:Igax, npovicxoATAT 1.ITOTO Heonvi-

Hoe. Moxogoti napelth oTRanmaeTca 143.71araTb csoM colit "HeT y Melia

ICHHTaHlIHH, POBOPHT OH Halia.abHincy, - II COH CBO i Bam paccEa3B-

Ba1'E. He. con4paloch. 3T0 MOI coH, MOH JurIHNII - nomAmaeTe?"

Te6e noxaxcy Jam HEril - puluAT HaliaJILHHIC. TN, JIHII

HOCTB Emma, cRaxm nogaxyricTa. BasaTTD erol

14 BOT 6egHoro napHa yxce XBp.TaIOT H 3aNHXHBaIOT 13 menrox .

ZBa "JhogoBluta", maxTa Taigas. meuroic HAOJIL ca.aoHal K BIDIXOgH02

Asepvi.

Pacnaxmealoir ABepio, 6ery-T no xpIaxy M Bm6pacTomamT TpenExammmflca

memox Ha 6AppicaMmee o6.71axo. HOTOM Bo3BpalqamTca, M HaliaJILHnx nog-

cTynaeT x cxegymmemy nacca*mpy.

TOT 3amxaeTca OT y*aca. "H ... a ... ToBapmfg HallaJILHmx, y

Melia HeT xBraTaHnnn, HO I C YTOBOJIBCTBHeM paccdcaxy Bam BCgy tITO

Breme.a. Bce, BC6, Bc6I" OH TOPOHJIHBO paccica3mBaeT HatlaJILHHIC

xmypraTc51. "ITO? IITO, ToBapHig Hallam:ix:4x? - 6ecnoxoftHo cnpaumBaeT

naccaxcHp . - pa3Be IITOHP165rAL He TO BO cHe BmAeJan

KOHetIHO, He Tol - cTporo roBopHT "jhogoBTAx". - BepHee, He

coscem TO.

- 5:1 npm3Ham CBOH OMH6RX1 c oTtlaAHHem xpHIIMT nacca*Hp.

- 51 pacxamBamcio. H He yllex M HeAoogeHma. KJIRHycior 11T0 ec.im

BH meHR ceiltiac npocTHTe, He HaxaxceTe, TO FI HHKorAa B XCH3HH He

6yAy 6o.mme BHAeTio Taxmc CHOB xax 3TOT .HHICOPAa!!"

HaaJIbHHK HeCKOJIBKO cmarliaeTca. OH POBOPHT:

- Ha nepButi cxyliaN Haxa311BaTL Bac He 6yAem. MH Begb Boonge

rymamme. MH 6opemca 3a xlexosexa, 3a cxiacTIDe lieAceexa. MLI 3a TO,

IITO611 xie.aoBex BmAex xopomHe, po3oBile CHN. IVIN 3a pea.71H3m cHoB1

"JhoAoBrax" eme roBopHT B Taxom Ayxe. .1.1ejnaR

iac POBOPHT. X emy c o6.71erxieHmem M c ygoBoxLcTBHem amilogHpymT.

Ho xax TOJILHO npoBepsuoume ABRHy.imcb Aamome, OHRTB npoH3omila

ocaAHas1 HerIPHATHOCTIo. F,Ne oAraH cTpaHHBIR naccaimp B36YHTOBaJICSI.

PCPHIIHT, Bce paBHo He 6.:,A3r Bam COH 'paccIca3LIBaTio. liTO EH

TalCHey gTO6LI MOH CHH npoBepsaTio? BH XCe JI10,74P1 H3 npoimoro - no-

cmoTpHT e Ha ce6a HOCTIOMLI cTaprennime M p oxtH cpreameTomple, xax y

HOHORHHROB. KOHIIHJIHCI0 Bamm BpemeHa, He o6R3aHm ME TenepL Bahl

mcnoBegosamcal"

"BoT Begh Aypam Eamon - paccma3NBaeT ga.ahme aBTop. - BoT,

B camom gexe, Aypam. Mu, naccaxczpH,He go)KzgaRch geRcTszil Hallaxh-

cTBa, camz cmpyTz.zz 3T0P0 gypama, 3aT0xicazz B memom H Bildpoczxm

Ha o6zam00 R Tomy, nepsomy. IlyCTID Tam BmecTe BaJIMOTC540 oTmenex-

41111.

Hocze OTOPO HallampHzx upramex coBcem B xopomee pacnozo)KeHrae

Ayxa. KTO-TO H3 naccaxczpos yrocTzx ero HHBOM, OH npracex Ha HOA-

X0ROTHHE xpecxa cTax HenpzxpicAeHHo z no-ToBapzmecmra 6ecego-

BaTTD. HposepATh CHH emy, BzgHo, boxhme He XOTeXOCTD. Bce 6Ezz

gOBOXIDHE H HOJIblgeHbI Aosepzem.

BHe3anHo Hallaxhxzx npzrzs4AexcA m aBTopy z cma3ax:

- Czymail, napexh, a TH mHe HpaBzmhcA. Xolleum notiTz m Ham

pa6oTaTTD? Bygemh Hamxm mamplizmom.

- Ho ... 1103B0XIDTel max xce Tam. H Begb Tice pa6oTam B Tm-

meHz. 14 y meHA Tam xcexa

- 3, 6poch TH, napeHTD, - xcexa, TmmeHTD 3a6yAbl TH 3Ha-

emh, RTO MH Tamze? Ham Bce 110330xex0. XOTHM e3Amm, XOTHM - zeTa-

em. XOTHM - upoBepAem CHH, Hanpramep. A xczBem, Aymaemh, maoxo?

ZeHer cmompico xomh, AeBolucz camme JITImple - Ham Hz clAxa He OT-

ma3mBaeT! A oTAuxaem To)Ke Henxoxo - Ha xylimzx mypopTaxl

OH HOHH3HJI roxoc:

- 14 cagLIxaem He TOXTDRO y Hac, Ho z 3a py6excom. Ham Becip

'cap OTRpHT - Hzgua, Heanomp, Konamabaxa ... A di)zoxeTOBLIM gBeT

Tam ero Ha mypopTax upocTo npzxzmamT 3a 3arapt

- HeTt - cAaaaexHo mpzicHyx aBTop. - 4exaRTe CO MHO, HTO

1

XOTHTe - HeT! C Bamm - HH 3a 'Eno!

npocHy.irca. CamodleT medi Ha nocagxy.

Hocze 1953 roga, xorga nporma amilmcTMA M pea6m.irmTagmA 3a-

xmolleHmax, cTaxm mixBmgmpoBaTbca HexoTopue cTammcxme "mcnpa-

BmTexbHo-TpygoBme Jrarepe. X BOT ogmH Taxoft zarepb, pacno.mozeH-

B rdlyxom zecy B gBaAgaTm c JImummm xphaomeTpax OT 6xxxaMmero

He6o.ub1lloro ropogxa, nodlytim.u.npmxa3 o paccfclopmmpoBaHmm. OcTaBmmxca

3aroxlemiux yrHadim no aTany gpyrme JrarepAl Hag3mpaTedleR M ox-

paHHHROB xlaCTHIIHO nepeBedim B pa3Hme mecTa, IlaCTHIIHO yBodmirM

'no coxpaureHmo urTaToB. Ilozyxmir HoBoe Ha3HatieHme I npoBogHmx

cxy*e6H-mx co6ax Jrarepa - Tex oallapox, 11TO oxpaHaxm xo.irolum ape-

CTaHTOB B nyTm C pa6oT m Ha pa6oTm. 3a6B.I.Am TOZBRO pacnopggmTbca

cygb6orl cammx co6ax o Hmx He npmffixo Hmxaxoro npmxa3a. YewicaB-

mmR 6mBwOr HatimbHmx Jrarepa oTmaxv.irca OT co6axoBoga. "gTO TE xo

mHe npmcTaz co CBOHMH BodixogaBamm? H 6odm1lle He HallampHmx, Hm pa

Te6a, Hm 3a xxx He OTBetlam". HpoBogHmx nozaz rixellamm.m yexa.u.

BOT Tax H CJIYIHMOCID, ITO, AIWICHHa co6ax - CHJITDHEXI 3.7111X, MOJI-

IaJrnBux, TpeHmpoBaHHmx Ha JrrogeR - ocTadmob egmlicTBeHEmmx o6mTa-

Texamm nycTok JrarepHoft 30HE. Hoc.iregHee, qTO CAeJla.11 ji HIX npo-

BogHmx, - oTxpmx gBepxy co6axiHmxa m BmnycTx.71 ncoB 6eraTE., rge

XOTAT.

1231

Co6axm npoHmx.um Ha xozogHym xyxmo zarepsa, goexm Tam Bce

xocTm, pa3pu.ax nomotixy H TOIC cLeJIM BCgy TITO MONCHO 6111X0 C'beCTb.

110TOMy.HOBHHy,gCb rozogy, nogpumi 3a6op H no6exca.am B xec. Tam OHM

nogHaxm Boxxal go.aro ero PHaJIM, HaxoHen 3a1'pu3xx m coxpaxm 6e3

ocTaTxa. HaCLITHBWHCb, yzerancr3 cnaTL.

YTpo nogHsaxo mx Ha Horn, M HCH BHOBb nom-clam-10E, HO xecy

mcxaTT3 nmigra. Tax, c pa3rou, OHM B6exami Ha ymmu ropogxa.

A 6uxo xax pa3 nepBomaHcxoe yTpo, H B ropogxe OTOM, xax BO

Bcex ropogax CoBeTcxoro Com3a, liMa npa3gHprElHasa gemoHcTpagmsa.

1TIOCTp0HBIUHCID B HOXOHHT, gepxca Hag romBamm-nopTpeTu BoxgeH

3apaHee npegnmcaHHue B ra3eTax .71o33rHrm, mogx iiwrn BgozT3 rzaBHOH

yxmgm, MHMO Tpx6yHm, Ha xoTopoH CTORX0, npviHmmasa napag, BC

mecTHoe ropogcxoe HallaxLcTBO. Bcti, TOXBRO B meHipmem mac1llTa6e,

npomcxogmo Tax, xax B. MocxBe Ha KpacHoH maomagx.

Co6axx 6uxm OTJIHT31H0 TpeimpoBahu H eme He ycnexm 3a6bITID

CBOHX 06543aHHOCTO. YEHAeB HOJIOHHT, OHH Hemeg.neHHO 3aHAJIH npm-

BLITIHNe mecTa - BAO.Ab EOXOHHH, no o6e cTopoHu iepe paBHme npo-

mexyTxx. ropmicaHe 6mJni pagu acxopTy, XOTA 14 He noimmaxml oTxyga

Bgpyr B OTOM ropoge, rge M HOIIIIC3r-TOlgepxcam He BCREEli MOrl nog-

BHJIHCb Taxme goporple m xpacxBue oBliapxx.

- KM! - roBopluni B To.ane. - Co6alnul-To BmecTe C Ham,' npa3-

gHymT. Kax mogn, eH-Dory: BC;;; noHmmamT. CJIaBHue xaxme. 3, Ma-

pmx, 4m10-#10, HOAR cmgal

Ho HCH He pearmpoBaxx - 3HEWIH, TITO Ha CBHCT 38.EXMIleHHHX-

HeXb3g OTEXHICaTbC54 M HHMH yHMX npmmimaTE, TONCe He.gb354.

TyT y ogHoro H3 ytiacTHm-coB gemoHcTpagpm paoBsna.acsa umypox

60THHI-Ca H OH Buinex Ha mr4HyTi-cy H3 cBoero p - 11.13PHyJI B CT 0-

poxy, HaHJIOHHJICSII CTaJI 3aB5IOLIBaTID . B TO xce mrHoBeHme codaxx

M0,71118, deo JIa511 HHHyJIHCb Ha Hero, c6rum Ha3emb Bgeimmrcb

rdIoncy

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES

1. V. Savodnik, A Short Course of Russian LiteratureX-XVIII Centuries. Kushnarev Publishing House, Moscow, 1913.

2, D. S. Mirsky, A History of RUssian Literature from itsBeginnings to 1900. Vintage Books, New York, 1958.

3, N, Bannikov, Three Hundred Years of Russian Poetry.Prosveschenie Publishing House, Moscow, 1968,

4, An Outfine of the History of Russian Culture. NaukaPublishing House, Leningrad, 1967,

5, N. M.Kvitinsky et al., Russian Literature. ProsvescheniePublishing House, Moscow, 1964,

6. V. D. Svirsky and E. K. Franzman, Russian Literature.Prosveschenie Publishing House, Moscow, 1966,

7. N. A. Trifonov, Russian Literature of the 20th Century.Prosveschenie PutirE=E-FlOusel Moscow, 1966.

8, A. A. Volkov, RussianLiterature of the 20th Century.Prosveschenie Publishing House, Moscow, 1970.

9. A Short Encyclopedia of Literature. 5 volumes, SovietskayaEncyclopedia Publishing House, Moscow, 1962-1968,

10. Soviet Encyclopedia. 10 volumes, State Publishing Housefor Scientific Works, Moscow, 1958-1960,

11. Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2 volumes, State PublishingHouse for Scientific Works, Moscow, 1963-1964,

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