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Ootrc Dame Scholastic D\ 9VA5I •5emP€R •viCTvyRvs- •ViV£ •9VASI- CRAS tMOieiTV/R\/5-

VOL. X L • NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, JANUARY 19, 1907. No. 15 .

-

T h e Departed.

THOMAS E . B U R K E , ' 0 7 -

"THEY left lier sleeping with the clay

Beneath the rose-red heart of dawn

And wept that one so fair had gone

From out the promise of life's wa\".

The roses waved above her head.

The nn-rtle, like a silken pall,

Crept o'er her grave and covered all,

As a last service to the dead.

The silent shadows fell about,

.\nd from behind dusk's saftVon bars ;

Adown the gateway of the stars,

The silver shimmering moon crept out.

Gazing upon tha t lowW tomb,

Moved bj- a love for one so fair,

She loosed her glorious golden hair

To brighten the deep silent gloom.

So sun and moon and flowers and snow

Guard each in turn her catacomb.

While she is moving in her home

Where the unfading fair ones go.

The Twelfth Night.

[FRA ANGELICO—BURNE-JONES.]

IG.KATIUS. E . MC.VAMEE, ' 0 9 .

HE^Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood means more t o the world of a r t t o -day , demands wider at tent ion and greater respect from . an unprejudiced public, t han i t did a half century ago

in the struggling days of its incipiency; y e t i t would seem t h a t wi th the death of i ts s toutest defenders and most generally recognized exponents—Morris, Rossetti, Ruskin, Madox Brown and Bume-Jones— the.golden era of i ts life has passed away, and t h a t i t is now in the feeble period of

XDOsitive decline. Impressionism as an a r t -principle . has gained so s t rong a hold upon the modem world t h a t few, if any, among the critics ^vall now be found t o deny i ts legitimac3^; and with no one t o t ake issue against i t bu t Holman Hunt , the las t survivor of the famous Brotherhood, i t bids fair t o win the day.* , ,

Even though popular sentiment has decreed the death of the Pre-Raphaelite school, there are those—and they are many— w h o regard i ts passing wi th a feeling of deep regret. Miich of w h a t is best in modem a r t must be credited t o members of this fraternity, whose basic principle w a s t o represent all things as they really appear, t o identify'- the picture on canvas w i th the face of nature, no t t o make a refined copy merely t o display clever workmanship.

If anv ar t is t adhered strictlv t o the tenets

246 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

of this rather- dogmatic school it was Sir Edw^ard Burne-Jones. Ever\'- outline, everj- bit of color, ever\'^ graceful curve, in his "Mar r i age Dance," is a replica of somethina: t h a t lav evervwhere about him in untrammeled-.nature, and t h a t lies about us, if Ave- could see it . What a shock this picture must have brought to the painters of the mid-Victoi'ian period, • whose con­ception of the theme \vould have been so widelv different: a statelv cortege, an a l ta r all a-glitter with gold and jewels, a high-priest in sacerdotal robes of costl3'- texture, a be-plumed knight in burnished corselet for the . bridegroom, and a bride whose modestv would be sus^aiested bv a veil of most expensive Valenciennes. Add t o this all the other gorgeous conventional unrea-lities . his : contemporaries would put into the.work, and contras t the composite semblance with Burne-Jones' simple creation. His bride is crowned onh'^ with flowers, the bridesmaids dance barefoot; and respecting the, bridegroom nothing is known, a t least in Ruskin's ox^inion, or even conjecturable, but his love. This is w h a t our late English painter understood by the Pre-Raphaelite return t o na tu re ; i t is the creed he practised most assiduousi3' through all his artistic life.

Perhaps no better examples hj which t o contras t Burne-Jones' idea of Pre-Raphaelitism of the nineteenth centur}'^ w ith its real I tal ian protot^^pe of the fourteenth can be found t h a n the distinct conception of the same theme, the Adoration of the Alagi by i-epresentatives of the t w o periods, Fra AngeKco and Burne-Jones himself. These t w o painters ' iria3' advisedly be called representative. Each lived in the heyday of his school's prosperity, and each adhered scrupulously t o i ts principles; bo th were animated by different motives, i t must be admitted—^the one by religious fervor, the other" by a; love "for the beautiful-^yet thej-^ had in comtnoii the gift of created genius; and bo th were endowed w4th versatile imagination and poetic invention, though n o t in equa;! degree. Making, therefore, due allowance for only relative pi'oficienc3'^ in technique' on the p a r t of the monk, we can determine, broadly speaking, the supe­riority of one:, school over the other b3' a cont ras t . between^ t h e - t w o pictures.-

The great qualit3^ underh-ing F r a Angelico's paintings is earnestness. A depth of sentiment and power lie hidden in the fervent at t i tudes of his not ungraceful figures, so deep, indeed, t h a t wc .• alniost forget the lack of expression in their f^iccs.

^His sa ints-and angels are enveloped. in a IDrofound spiritualit3^ and a m3'stical charm t h a t make us feel the intensit3'' of his religious zeal. We can no t but regret t h a t such an intellect as Angelico's should be burdened with a hand unable t o charac­terize countenances. " .

What a wealth of emotion he wotdd have expressed, could he have depicted his subjects wi th something other t han inanit3' writ ten in their features. How tenderh^ affectionate w-ould be the pink-and-white stare of the lifeless Madonna in. his "Adora­tion of the M a g i ; " how noble, would be the soulless foster-father; how dignified the inert kings! Balthassar, 13'ing pros­t r a t e in the foreground, would no t look with vacant e3'es a t the stable wall ra ther than a t the Infant, and Caspar 's wonder—call i t veneration, if 3'ou will — would no t be t h a t of a woman. But when this is said, the most unfavorable criticism of the picture has been made. True, the comfortable stable, wi th i ts slate roof and warm brick w^alls, so smoothly surfaced and so nicely plumbed, the belated s ta r of Bethlehem over St. Joseph's head, and the richlv embroidered mantle of the Yiro^in Mother, are somewhat incongruous, still the3' are justified by the current artistic conception of the theme. The lavish expenditure, too, of gold leaf on halos, friezes, mantles and a background for the picture, should be overlooked for the same reason. A golden setting and a sprinkling of g i l t . through the paint ing w a s a con­vention of the time inherited from the Byzantine school.

A lack of light and shadow effect must be passed over wi thout comment. All, or nearly all, the ar t is ts prior t o Raphael displayed feebleness of workmanship in details, due n o . d o u b t t o . t h e primitiveness of their craft. :

Consider now how the pious persons who had alwa3'S been accustomed t o see their- Madonnas dressed in scrupulously folded and exquisitely falling robes of blue,

NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC 247

with edges embroidered in gold—to find them also enthroned under arcades of delicate architecture, wi th elegant bronze-clasped missals off their knees, or with arms modestly folded over their breasts—^would accept a work like Burne-Jones' "Worship of the Magi ," a work t h a t did violence t o the popularh'^ accepted religious and artistic conception of the time. Small wonder, then, t h a t s tormy criticism assailed the master and his productions, pa r t i cu la r^ his " Wor­ship of the Magi ," characterized b}^ one rabid critic as " a sacrilegious desecration.' ' The u t te r guilelessness, the burning enthusiasm, the godly "fervor of the monk a re 'want ing t o the Pre-Raphaelite picture, i t is t rue ; b u t in " place of Angelico's ardor we note an exquisite at tent ion t o technical" de­tail, a careful arrangement • for artistic effect, bu t withal, the simpleness of everj'--thing, and the painter 's love for the beautiful.

Because he was natural ; i t must no t be inferred t h a t Burne-Jones w a s a realist. On the contrary, wi th Rossetti, whose style he copied for several of his earlier years, he formed the romantic element of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood; inclining ra ther t o idealism and abs t rac t beauty, as is shown in his "Golden Stairs ," his seven "Days of Crea t ion" and his four "Seasons," even t o the extent of the S3'"mbolic figure in the painting -of the "Worship of the Magi ," than t o realism. " He sacrificed nothing t o poetical effect. -In the faces, expressions, at t i tudes of the figures, in the tone of coloring, in the foliage even and in the branches and t runks of trees, observe the wealth of painstaking detail. ' Bu t there is something other t h a n unqualified praise t o be said of Burne-Jones as well as of Ahgelico. His "Worship of the M a g i " is n o t . altogether faultless; several prominent imperfections are almost glaringty patent . The foremost of the kings, for example,-T-in fact, might we no t include them a l l P ^ o o k s in on the scene wi th curiosity, no t reverence; his piercing glance approaches^ skepticism in its sinister intentness. St. Joseph, also, who hias evidently been gathering wood for a fire,— a no t unwise thing t o do, if- we consider the small , shelter afforded by the poetical stable—has both the a t t i tude and.expres­

sion of a spA'-. Were we t o take him ou t of the scene and ask a-cr i t ic whom he thought the individual might represent, we w^ould very probably get the opinion t h a t i t w a s a picture of Judas : There would be ample, justification, too , for such, judg­ment, because- the character-does contain the sunken cheeks, the shifting ej-es and the closelv hooded figure commonlv associated wi th our idea of a t ra i tor . -

The chief fault, how^ever, is neither of these: i t is ra ther the introduction of a tall angel into the centre of t he canvas and a be-jeweled crowm of modern design a t the feet of one of the kings. The offense becomes gross in Burne-Jones w^here i t w^otild n o t in the Dominican, because of the radical doctrines he followed. Besides, there is no occasion .for the-presentat ion either of a crown or of a s ta te ly ' angel in the most prominent p a r t of ' the picture, unless the ar t is t feared for his technical skill t h a t he could n o t make the scene sufficiently dignified and sufficifently spiritual wi thout a supernatural being and an emblem of roj-altj^ t o streiigthen the effect. If t h a t w a s the reason, Burne-Jones dis-plaj-^s a remarkable lack of self-confidence. As a capable actor refuses the aid of orchestration t o help ou t a t ragic scene, so also should an ar t i s t reject id liis work all elements t h a t would give the observer a conscious sensation" • t h a t they were brought in t o add effectiveness t o the picture. ~

These, in a cursory way, are some of the general characteristics and. shortcomings 9f the t w o canvases. A synthesis of both, if we judge according t o the canons promulgated in the Germ, would surely body forth the ideal workmanship of the t rue Raphaelite; i t Avould combine the passionate sincerity and spiritual perception of the painters be­fore Raphael wi th t h a t incalculable quality which would blend the surpassing technique and the personal inventiveness of the Pre-Raphaelite of the nineteenth century.

" I N our thrifty populations of merchants, manufacturers, politicians, and professional men, there is little sense ior beauty, little pure thought , little genuine culture; b u t they are prosperous and-self-satisfied."

248 NOTRh DAME SCHOLAblK.

Varsity Verse.

WIIKX M. O. CO.MKS TO STAY.

/ ^ H , folks maA' laugh a b o u t M. 0 . and say they wished I dropped it,

Bu t while I 'm MaA-or I'll do my best t o have this t o w n a d o p t i t .

We're losing moning everA^ time we board a pr ivate trolle3';

I t ' s t i m e . the peoi^le should wake up and see their awful folh'.

You ride t o w o r k in winter time a-freezing on the platform,

Or else the car ' s a s ho t as—well—A-OU don ' t wish t o

be t h a t Avarm. The smile upon t h a t passenger is something hard

t o l^eat Who entering a street-car s a y s : "Behold an cmjjtA-

sea t . "

Our s t r ee t -ca r s r igh th ' p u t t o use Avill x^^ove a jjerfect t reasure

Ins tead of charg ing car fare, AA-IIA-, we'll all ride free for pleasure.

Win- men come back from Euro]3e and Avrite books t o let us see

H o w owming all the street-car lines is bound t o set us free;

Ho\A' "HinlvA' D ink" and " B a t h h o u s e John , ' ' and all those horr id grafters ,

Will AA' fore'er our city hall or hide amids t i ts raf ters ;

HoAA- croAvded tenements AA'ill go , and homes of brick and m o r t a r

Will spr ing up in some countrA' spo t or some suburban quar te r .

J u s t th ink of al l the blessings t h a t th is M. 0 . plan AA'Ould b r i n g :

We'd ice our cars in summer, we'd A\-all-paper them in spring.

J u s t th ink of all the diA'idends on watered stock

a n d shares Which AA'e could spend in furnishing our cars AAnth

rocking-chairs. The AA-ealth t h a t HOAA' so SAA-ifth- fills some. corpora­

t ion ,pocket> Within the public t reasur j ' I, E d w a r d Dunne, AA-ould

lock it. Oh, I knoAA' a score of evils A'OU can bet I haven ' t

missed 'em, And everyone of them AA'C'II cure if AA'C a d o p t th is

SA'stem. , , W. J. D.

T H E BOILS. -

A„ little" Moy A • Tag" around liis neck

•Who^ looked as though •He Had g o n e through a wreck.'

I m e t a l i t t le aty hay, : "His h a n d s A\'ere black from toil . " W h a t , i s y o u r name , " I asked, ' . . 'n iA ' lad?"

He answered, "Jiraraie Boyle ." . - -

' ' A h ! J immie boy," I pra\- \-ou tell " Ho\A- many Boyles are A 'C?" He looked a t me in deep surprise

. ' And s tammered, " four and three ."

"S i s t e r s , " I said, "hoAA' \war\, l a d ? " His- e\-es were sparkl ing blue,

" J u s t e ight ," he ans\yered smilingly, " A n d brothers only t w o . ' '

If sisters eight and brothers t w o . Ye Boyles m u s t be eleven.

He held his hand upon his neck And said, " N o , AA-C are scA'cn."

" F o r telling fibs like t h a t , ' ' I said, "You ' l l never g o t o Hi aA-en."

The little lad, my doub t t o check Tore ofi' the bandage from his neck.

And .said: " N o more nor seven." T. E. B.

Only a Card.

ROBERT A. KASPEK, ' 0 7 .

After a vacation of over a 3'ear, 1113 friend Low, the great private detective, and I, his assistant, have returned t o business. I t seems good t o get back in to the game once more, for i t gives one enough t o think about . Thousands of unsolved cases have piled up during the pas t twelve months, and it is Low's aim t o unravel all of them, if t h a t lies in his power, for he holds himself responsible t o do the w^ork he claims t o have neglected because, of" his lengthy vacation. Some weeks ago we were seated in our apar tments , now in Essex Street in Chicago, when a visitor sent up his card.

"John Hohenstepher," Low read. "Do you know him, Dick, or have 3'ou

ever heard t h a t n a m e ? " he.asked, address­

ing me. "No , F r a n k ; I do no t believe so ." Turning t o the butler. " I s he respectable look ing?" "Oh, yes, sir." " Well, then, send him up, and alwa3'S be

carefiilwhom you admit, for I have received several threatening letters -lately."

" I n a few moments a middle-aged man appeared before us. His' hair was tangled all over his head .and very long. He w a s evidently a German.

" M r . Hohen—" "Hohenstepher is my name, and A- ours,

I believe, Mr. L o w . "

NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 249

''Yes, and my friend, Dick Blair. Be seated."

Our visitor slowly unbuttoned his over­coat and seated himself. He looked a t me critically and hesitated.

"He ' s all r ight ," Low said. "Dick here is m3' assis tant and has worked with me for vears ."

" VerA'- srood. You know one must be careful. I haA e heard of you, Mr. Low, and because I think 3-011 are the man who can help me out of m3'- present dilemma I have come here this morning t o see 3' ou. I am a musician, in fact have been in t h a t pro­fession since I was six years of age. You, a reader of character, know of course t h a t o:-.r temperaments are high-strung and ner­vous. I can no t explain wh3'-; but t h a t is our -trait . I live over in the Shennendoah F la t s where I have resided some three 3-ears. Every man, no mat te r w h a t his profession, likes t o know t h a t he is admired,, and I am no exception. Now t o the real storA'. A few months ago as I was about t o leave m3 apar tments I noticed a card upon the floor, and jus t out of curiosit3'' I picked i t up, and i t read simpl3'^, ' I loA e 3' ou.' I admit I was flattered, even elated, so I decided t o save the card which I tossed into my desk. The following morning another card con­taining the same inscription and the same handwriting- lay jus t w-here I had found-the first one. I Avondercd who could have put it there, and even admitted to m3-self t h a t I should like t o meet the par ty , for I judged it was a woman."

" Jus t a moment. Have 3'ou an3'- of the cards with 3-ou?"

"Yes ," and he th rus t his hand into his pocket and produced quite a number of them.

"All right. Continue 3'our storj-^," said Low as he took the cards and laid them upon the table.

"Well, the same thing has happened each morning for about t w o months . I did not mind a t first; bu t I became anno3'^ed when the thing continued, so annoyed, in fact, t h a t I watched las t night in order t o catch the pa r ty who delivered the cards and refused t o make herself known, and t h a t is w h a t spoiled i t all. I first turned out the lights in the room in order t o make the intruder believe I had gone t o bed, and then lay down on a couch behind a screen in

which I had made a small aperture so as t o be able t o watch all t h a t took place within the room. I did no t hear or see a thinsr until about twelve o'clock, and then all of a sudden there upon the floor lay the card. I w a s dumfounded. I immediately turned on all the lights and made a thorough examination, bu t found absolutely nothing. I am sure t h a t no one had come into my room, for m3^ dog lay asleep in the adjoin­ing room, and he alwa3-s awakens a t the slightest noise. T h a t is abou t all the infor­mat ion I can give 3^011."

" I s the card always found in the same pos i t ion?" asked Low.

" I t generalh'- lies near the door." "Very well. "^That will be all, I th ink. We

shall call upon 3^ou, saA- one- thi r ty this afternoon." . -

"All right. Good da3', gentlemen. I t r c s t 3-0U shall be successful in sohnng this thing, for it will driA'C me out of my head if i t continues much longer." . "

Low^ studied the cards for some moments after our A'isitor had gone, and finally; offered three of them t o me w i t h : "See Avhat 3''Ou can find."

We remained in thoughtful studj^ for some time, and i t was LOAV who finally spoke.

" W h a t do 3^ou say, Dick?" " I think the man AA' as right. I t looks

like the handAAritiiig of a AA oman for one thing, and another obserA'-ation is t h i s : the handwri t ing is the same, although there is an a t t empt t o disguise i t on all three cards."

" I agree with 30U in the las t point, b u t no t in the first. I t ake i t t o be the hand^ AAriting of a man." -

" B u t w h a t could a m a n ^ " " N o t time for questions 3'et, Dick. We

Avill first haA e a look a t his apar tments ." One-thir ty found us a t the door of our

client's rooms in the Shennendoah F la t s . We receiA- ed an answer t o our knock and entered.

" H e will no t hur t you, Mr. Low," Mr . Hohenstepher said as a A-ery large S t . Bernard go t up t o meet us. And then t o the dog. "Lie down, Izzy."

"He ' s a dandy," Low remarked. "Where did you get h i m ? "

"M3'^ friend Jaeger gave him t o me abou t three m o n t h s ago. ' ' ,

250 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

"Well, now t o the purpose of our visit," Low said as we had taken off our overcoats. " 1 shall first examine your rooms."

There were three rooms, and we examined each with great care. We looked in w^ard-robes, under beds, tables, in fact, in eveiy nook and corner in the hope of finding an entrance to the room from the outside. Low tapped the walls and the floor, bu t found them solid. We examined the doors, thinking there might be some method of slipping a card through them from the ceiling, bu t there w^as. not a thing wrong. Everything was as it should- be, and Low seemed greatlj'^ disappointed. He turned to Johan and askdd:

"Are y^ou \^ry successful as a music ian?" "Yes, ver\'-."- -"Now put this card where A'OU have

usualty found i t . " When this was done F rank merely' said: " I t could be slipped under the door from

wi thout . " He then jDut another question. - "You have found this card onl3' in jonx sitt ing room ? "

"Yes ." "A' er3'- well, Mr. Hoheustepher, \ve have

seen enough. We shall be here this evening, sa3' abou t ten o'clock."

There w a s nothing for us to do- bu t rieturn t o our apar tments , w^hich we did. We had found no clew a t all ' except the cards, Avhich Mr. Hohenstej)her had given us.

At ten o'clock w e were again in Suite B. We took our place behind the screen after first assuring! ourselves t h a t the card was no t then oil the floor. We" turned out the lights, bu t had our dark lantern read3^ We waited some hours, and nothing save our breathing broke the silence. .We were becoming disgusted Avith ourseh'^es, thinking we had been taken in b3' a man who might have a greater imagination t han he needed, Avhen suddenly Low turned the lantern t owards the middle of the room, and there in full A^ew lay the card. We had no t seen a thing, nor heard a sound. H o w long the card had la ins there we did no t know^, for we were n o t . expecting i t t o appear; so suddenl3'^; and quietly. We a t . once turned ,on [the lights and rushed into the next room. In our haste AA'C almost stejDped on the sleeping Izzy A\'ho lay - a little t o the side; 'We examined

everx'^thing in the room, but nothing ' AA as AA rong, and AA'C Avere entirety baffled. In disgust Ave AA ent home. - " I guess AA'-e have go t a case this time, Dick," said L o w as AA'-C go t back t o our apar tments . AVe can no t do a thing but AA' atch t h a t place, for AA'C haA'-e abso lu te^ no clew as 3' et except the cards. If Ave are not- successful to-night. I shall haA'-e t o s t a r t on a different polic3^ I guess A\''e had better t u rn in, for i t is near three o'clock. The same CA^ening a t ten AA'C AA'cre again a t our post in the Shennendoah Fla ts .

' " I'll AA atch t h a t door, Dick, and 3'ou AA atch the middle of the room," AA'-ere all the instructions LoA\'- gaA'-e..

Jus t as the-toAA^er- clock struck tAA'ch^ LoAA'--"a'nd I shouted: " L o o k , " in one A^oice, and upoiv the. floor la3' the card. There had no t been a sound, bu t i t jus t seemed to appear superiiaturally.- We sprang from behind the screen and in an ins tant had the lights on and AA ere in the next room. " I t flew in from this room, Dick," •LO\A'- said. We searched ever3'-tliing and eA er3'AAdiere, bu t all w a s as i t should be. Suddenh'- LOAA'-

turned to the,dog, and in madness, because he had been baffled, I thought , picked him from off the floor. His hide tore, and before us Avas a man. " ' -

"Tell 3' our .stor3^, and be brief," Low said; - ' . .

The man w a s quite flushed and finally stammered: .

" M y name is .Jaeger. John had been taking my glor3'- from me, so I at tempted todriA':e him insane. 133'-this method. Had I been able t o get him out of the"wa3'- m3'' glor3'^ Avould'haye returned. ' The dog knew me, so i t was easy t o . get rid of him a t nighttime and lie in his place Avhen no one Avas around. T h a t is all ."

"Your frankness is the best p a r t of A^OU. Y' ou haA'-e done no one an3'- harm 3''et, bu t might haA'-e ere long. ,1 shall let you go on tAvo conditions. One, t h a t yoil wan gldr3'^ hereafter 133'-',honest-.means; and the other, t h a t you giA' e $500 t o chari ty." .

The man promised, and from his manner Low judged he meant t o keep:his promise. M3' friend dismissed; • Jaeger, who before going instead of saying " T h a n k you," nierety said: "Don ' t tell Mr. Hohenstepher; he is: my best friend.".;

NOTRh DAME SCHOLASTIC, 251

As They Are in Nebraska.

KOIiKRT SALKY, 'OS.

"Look a t - the rnbes," said mv friend pointing out of the window, as the long vestibule t ra in came to a s top a t a little village in central Nebraska. I glanced up from the novel wi th which I was passing the time, and there upon the platform of the "diminutive w'ooden s ta t ion which appeared t o be the centre of the hamlet of half a dozen houses, stood the t w o "rubes ," or, t o speak more kindly, t w o who lived the "simple life," t w o of t h a t great multi­tude whose chests swell with pride when they are told by the Fourth" of Juh^ ora tor t h a t thej'- are the most independent people on the face of the earth. The man held in his large, rough hand an enormous red carpet-bag such as might have been con­sidered fashionable fift^- years ago. The woman held her husband's arm with all the icrvor of a bride. As the}'- stood looking with unconcealed admiration a t the great pant ing locomotive with i ts long str ing of bright 3' ellow cars, their faces beamed with contentment. Although \he.\ were far pas t middle cige, i t was obvious, how'ever, t h a t the present experience w a s a new and novel one for them.

The man was a t\ 'pical old-fashioned fariner. His clothes w-ere tight-fitting and w^rinkled, his shoes large and unpolished, • and his grey hair and uneven beard showed—but wln^ go further? He was one of the type so familiar t o us all, one of those who in their younger days come t o t o w n bedecked with a shining rubber collar, a red, whi te- and blue necktie, and a beautiful celluloid button-hole bouquet.

When the conductor shouted " All aboard " the}'- climbed on, and \y\ the time the t ra in had left behind the little village, thej^ were seated in the forward end of the car. No bo}'- was ever more delighted with a ride on a t rain t han these t w o old folk who, if the secret be given were on their first journey. The}-- watched the houses, the hills, the streams which flitted past .

The man was loud in his praise of t h e cars, their speed and the j)assing -farms separated from each other \yy lonely country

roads. His wife w a s nervous and uncom­fortable in her Sunday clothes. She feared lest John . would no t be a t the stat ion t o meet them, and kept w^aming her husband n o t t o forget their umbrella or hand -bag w'hen the}^ left the t ra in.

The conductor came through the t ra in for tickets. The old farmer reluctantly gave up the tw^o long, bright-colored, slips which he held in his calloused hand. Then in a low voice and w'ith a serious look, on his wrinkled face he spoke t o the conJuctor. I t was impossible t o hear w h a t he said; but one could easilv see it had been some-thing unusual for the t r a i n - m a n covered his mouth with his hand and came . back through the car, virtually exploding 'with laughter. But i t was t o o good t o keep." He sa t down beside- me.

" Well!"—he could make no headway 'wi th his experience for some time, by reason, of the comic associations ;it brought t o his mind—" well, t h a t couple beats anything t h a t I ever saw on a t ra in. I have been a conductor now for tw^enty years, and in twent}'- A^ears a conductor is asked..some might}^ silh'- ciuestions; b u t I. w a s never before asked a question quite as bad ;as t h a t . What do 3*on think? The old man said the\'^ were going t o Chicago and . w'anted t o know on which side of the t ra in t o get off. Talk about your ' green ones . ' "

"Do you think," I asked, " they will be safe in a city like Chicago?" Won' t they be in great danger of being r o b b e d ? "

"Danger? nothing! They w ill be as safe as a penn}^ in the bot tom of the sea. W^hy, if a ' bunco-man' saw t h a t couple he would think they .were t w o ' wise-guys' ^-ith some new-fangled advertising scheme. -Thevhre safe enough." And he went- on through t h e t ra in wdth his gruff call of "Tickets, please."

" T o strengthen the w^ill, t o invigorate the mind, to. correct and refine- the tas te , t o balance and confirm the judgment, and t o inure the bod}' t o bear labor and paittr^ t o this the educator devotes his t hough t and care." : . • .

"PASSION blinds and misleads, but . i t is the fire which gives w a r m t h - a n d .vigor t o though t and action. The aim therefore: is not t o weaken it, but to bring, i t under the control of reason." —

252 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

A Comparison of University and Industrial Methods and Discipline.

AX AnnKESS OELIVERKD BY MK. FKEDEKICK W. TAYLOR,

rKESIDEXT OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.

The point from which I view college education is t h a t of the emploA-er, n o t t h a t of the educator , I have had no experience wi th the difficult and com­plicated problem t h a t faces the professors and the governing boards of our colleges. On the other hand, I have been engaged for 3-ears in organizing the shop, office, and commercial management of quite a wide range of engineering and manufactur ing establishments. This has b rough t me in to i n t i m a t e personal con tac t w i th a large number of college grad­uates , and I have become Avell acquainted wi th their s t r o n g j)oints, which are maiiA', and a t the same t ime wi th a few of those points in which i t would seem tha t , as a class, they might be improved. And in w h a t I shall saA- I have principalh* in mind the p repara t ion of y o u n g men for success in commercial, en^neer ing and industr ial enterpr ises; in o ther words , enterprises outside of the four learned professions.

I despise the ijessimist w h o sees no th ing bu t the defects and blunders of mank ind ; and the scold, whose jjleasure i t is to complain of all tilings a s tlicy are. L e t me sax' a t the s t a r t , t h a t w i t h o u t question, our college g radua t e s , as a' class, represent the finest bod i ' of men in the communi ty . And as t o the A- alue of an engineering cour se ' for men in ,our profession, it has been shown th rough carefulh* gathered stat is t ics , t h a t Avithin a few j'^ears after g r a d u a t i o n the college educated engineer far outs t r ips in jjosition. and salarA-his average comijetitor w h o comes up from the ranks .

I t would be a much more congenial t a s k t o dwell upon th is view of the profession, b u t something ma-y possibh ' be gained b\- considering w h a t h a s seemed t o m a n y of the friends of our A'oung g r a d u a t e s t o be the one defect Avliich they^ p r a c t i c a l ^ all have in common :

F o r a period of from six m o n t h s t o t w o A'cars after g r a d u a t i n g thej'-.are, gencrall j ' sjjcaking, discontented and unhappy . TIICA' a re a p t t o look upon their emplo\-ers a s unappreciatiA'c, unjust, and tyrannical ,

' a n d i t is frequent^ only after changing emplo3'ers once or twice and finding the same lack of ajDpreciatibn in all of them, t h a t they^ finalh* s t a r t upon their real careers of usefulness.

On the o ther hand , t he a t t i t u d e of emplo3'^ers t o w a r d A-oung- g r a d u a t e s is fairty exj)ressed by the foUoAving Avritten ins t ruct ions given for the selection of quite a large number of. y o u n g men t o fill posi t ions AA-hich presented - opportuni t ies for rapid dcA'^elopment and advancement . These instruct ions AA-ere t o give the

. preference,, first, t o g r a d u a t e s of technical schools; . second, t o t he g r a d u a t e s of the academic depa r tmen t s ;

b u t t o employ n o college boy AA'IIO h a d n o t been o u t for more t h a n -two A'earsI = W h y , is it , then, t h a t these 3'oung. .men are discontented . and of prac-ticalh- l i t t le; use^ diiring. t h e first 3-ear or t w o after

- g r a d u a t i n g ? ' - ,.

T o a certain extent this is unquest ionabh- due t o the sudden and radical change from 3-ears spent as bo3-s a lmos t soleh' in absorbing and assimilat ing knoAvledge for their OAAMI benefit t o their new occu-jiation of giA-ing ou t and using Avhat the3- liaA'C for the benefit of others. To a degree i t is the sponge objecting to the pressure of the hand which uses it. T o a g rea t e r degree. liOAA-e\-er, / believe this trouble to he dve to the lack of discipline and to tlie lack ol direct, earnest, and logical purpose which accompanies, to a large extent, modern university Hie. During the four 3-ears t h a t these 3-oung men are a t college tlie3- are under less discipline, and arc giA-en a grea te r libert3- t h a n the3- haA-c cA'cr had before or Avill c\cr liaA'c again .

As t o college discipline, i t can n o t be a good t ra in ing for after life for a 3-oung m a n deliberateh' t o be told 133- the uniA-ersit3- author i t ies t h a t he can flagrantl3' neglect his duties sixt3- t imes in one term before a iu ' a t t en t ion AA'IU be paid t o i t ; AA'hile, if in business, the same 3-oung man would be discharged for being absent tAA'O or three t imes A\-ithout permission.

And, as to the freedom offered 153- the modern uniA-ersit3- SA'stem, i t is n o t t rue t h a t bo3-s from eighteen t o tw-ent3' 3'ears old haA'e the knowledge and experience necessar3-- t o select a logical and AA-CU-

rounded course of studies, and cA-en if the3'- had th is wisdom, the t empta t ion t o choose those studies Avhicli come easiest is so s t rong t h a t i t Avould be uiiAvise t o throAv upon them so g r e a t a responsibilit3'. Nor does i t appear wise to leaA-e each s tudent free t o stud3- as little or as much as .ma3'- suit him, a t t imes doing Ijractically no AA-oi'k for da3-s, and a t o thers g r e a t h ' OA'^erworking, AA-ith no res t ra in t or direction except the round-up Avhich comes twice a 3-ear AA-ith examina­t ions. A t the least, it must be said that in commercial or industrial life this undirected liberty will never again he allowed them.

During the p a s t th i r t3 ' 3-eai-s tAA-o radical changes have occurred in educational methods . The kinder­ga r t en and i t s accompan3nng ideas has conm for t he children, and for the 3'ouiig men has come the change from the college, AA'ith i t s one or tAA' o courses carefulh"^ selected and rigidh- prescribed b3' the facult3^, t o t he universit3' Avith as main- diiferent courses a s there are A-oung men, and in which, under the electiA-e S3'stem, each s tudent is giA-en the choice of all of his studies. . The fundamental idea back of the change from college t o universitA- is excellent; nainel3-, t h a t of j)roviding a far g rea te r A-ariety in the courses t o suit the different t a s t e s and abilities of the s tudents , and especialh' t o prepare them for their future occupations. Acconipan3'-ing, hoAVCA-er, th i s g r e a t step iii advance, and 3'et. so far a s I can see^ in no Avay l o g i c a l ^ connected AA-ith i t h a s come the false step of giving our 3'oung men in many Avaj's a g rea te r libert3'- t h a n is alloAA'cd, on the AAdiole, t o an\- other class of active Avorkers; and of hand ing OA-er t o them the:fiinal decision in a subject n ips t needing a m a s t e r mind.

Commercial; manufactur ing, a n d - o t h e r enterprises, in AA'hich, main^ men co-operate, are managed, more and more by delegating all i m p o r t a n t decisions t o a few men AA'hose judgment h a s been t ra ined th rough J o n g experience, studA', and , obserA-ation in those m a t t e r s Avhich'they a re called, updii t o decide. Yet m a n y of

NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, ?2S3-

our universities are managed bA' giving over to the 3'oung man, under the elective s\'stem, the final decision as to what studies will best fit him for his life's work, although he has, of necessity, but the vaguest idea of the nature of the subjects which lie before him. I t is •almost like asking him to lift himself up by his boot straps.

I can not but think that in changing we have modeled lar<:eK- after the English and German universities, which, as we know, are influenced in their management b\* traditions handed down through several hundred years; and tha t in adopting the great universit\- idea of a A^arietA' of courses, we ha^-e a t the same time blindh' accepted the foreign idea of the electiA-e SA-stem accoinpanied IJA- a lax discipline, both of Avhich are better suited to mcdie\'al times, when each man worked for himself, than to the present day when the road to success lies through true co-operation. In this change, also, too great stress has been laid upon those elements leading to knoA\-ledge or- book learning on the par t of the student and too little upon the deA-eloi3ment of-his character

The kindergarten also, which has proved so great a help in training the A'ounger children, making them observant and giving them a certain control over themseh-es, has brought Avith it one idea Avhich has wrought great harm, and A'et this bad idea is in no Avay properly or logicalh' connected with the underh-ing principles of the kindergarten.

Somehow the aA-erage kindergarten child gets a firm conviction that it is the'dut\- of the teacher to make things interesting and amusing, and from this follows soon the notion tha t if he does not like his studies and fails to learn much, it is largeh'- the teacher's fault. Now, Avhatever A-iews the parents or the teachers them-seh'cs should hold upon the duties of teachers, there is no doubt tha t the boA-s should have firmh- in their heads the good old fashioned idea that it is their dutj-to learn, and not tha t it is the dntA^ of the teacher to teach them.

Along with the kindergarten plan of interesting, and amusing children, the idea has taken firm hold in a large portion of the educational Avorld tha t the child and the young man should be free to develoi^ naturalh', like a beautiful plant or floAver. This again maA- Ijc an excellent Anew for the older person to hold but it is a distinctly bad one for the young man to act upon. He prompth^ translates the idea of dcA-eloping naturalh- into wishing to do only, or mainly, those things which he likes or which come easy to him.

Of all the habits and principles which make for success in a young man, the most useful is the determination to do and to do right^all those things which come his AA-ay each da3'', , whether thcA- are agreeable or dis­agreeable; and the abilitv^ to do this is best acquired through long practice in doggedly doing along Avith tha t which is agreeable a lot of things which are tiresome and monotonous and Avhich one does not like. NoAA' neither the kindergarten idea, the Tiniversity electiA-e system, nor the lax college discipline tend to develop this all important habit in young men. True co-operation, co-operation upon the broadest scale, is that feature AV.hich distinguishes our present

commercial and industrial development from tha t ' of one hundred years-ago. Not-th^ co-operat ion- tau^t bA- tod' manA'among.3:.hose of bur, trades union's wKcTi are misguided, and A\'hich reserhbles" the co-operation of a t rain of freight-cars^p but ra ther- tha t -of a-well-organized manufacturing establishmenf,- which is " tA-pified 133- the co-operation of the Tarious parts of a AA-atch, each member of AA-hich performs and is supreme in its own function, and yet is controlled by and must AA'ork harmonioush- AA-ith many" other'membefs;""'

I t is a mistaken, notion .that, character. of_this kind needed for successful co-operation is developed bA' the elective idea of allowing, each boy to .choose for himself those things AA-hich he Avill do. I t requires far more character to do' successfullA- those. things which are laid out for one by .a,.wiser maiV-than t o do onh' what one likes; and, in modem cOrOperation, AA'hile the w-ork of each man is modified and- more or less controlled by tha t of„others, there is ample scope left for originality and. individuality. We must remember t h a t of all classes in" the community; college boA'S are being trained to fill some day the position of leaders in the. co-operative field. And there is no fact better established than- t h a t the : man who has not learned promptly and ' fully"; to . obeA- an order is not fit to give one. --f^ , :

An examination of the studies chosen by. boVs-.m the uniA'ersitj- academic departments will show; t h a t . the logic and motiA-e back of about one-half of the ; students is t h a t of obtaining an easy course/1 and CA-en the better students shoAA' generally, a lack*.of clear-cut, logical purpose in their selection; In'- their, case, the studies are chosen because the young" man likes or is interested in the subjects, or Because-tfiey come easA- to him, rather than because . thej-give a Avellrrounded and balanced course with a distinct logical purpose. The loose, .flabbA-, purposeless courses chosen bA* fully one-half of the students under "fcfie present SA-stem fiimish- biit poor mental", diet.

\YhA- can not all of theigood features of the electiAre SA-stem be better attained bA' permitting .each young man to choose in general the object or purpose for AA'hich he wishes-to educate himself, and then leave the entire course of studies to the one or" inqre professors in the faculty" Avho are especially fitted to plan a complete and logical course in the chosen field ? Let the young man say where he wishes'to go, and let the faculty tell him the road he is to travel to get there. - ' '" •"•• /

As to the object of college life, sbihe boA'S- a re sent, to the uniA-ersitA' to learn how to mingle Avithiften, and to form friendships which- shall pravef useful; and agreeable in after, life; some go there, to-aanuse' themselves. and some to get the standing'given "by / a college degree. - ' , ' " ' : ; • • * -

Something can be said for each of'theSe objects. ^ Is not the true object of "all education, fhbwever,,. t ha t of training boA-s.to be sxiccessftil.men?-I;,n\eaai., men successful in. the broadest; sense,;-hot. iherdy ' -successfiil mone\- getters. Successful, first;in de"veloping, ^ their OAvn characters, and. second^-in dbingA-their .-; full share of the'world's work.; -.--.:.---;V^\."-::>^y.>,:.

A'oung men should not-come to-; college'rmainlyHo ;

{Concluded on ^page^l255z)\-'\\'^)/A[fi>l^^-=/f"^^

254 NOTRn DAME SCHOLASTIC.

NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC Published every Saturday during Term Time at the

University of Notre Dame.

ntered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Notre Dame, Ind.

Terms: $ J . 5 0 per Annum. Postpaid.

Address: T H E EDITOR N O T R E D A M E SCHOLASTIC.

Notre Dame, Indiana.

Notre Dame, Indiana, January 19,1907.

men engaged, but the big rooter, the man on the bleachers, w^ho wins wi th his team and loses with her, who alwaA'S is with her, is one of the greatest factors in successful teams. So get-in this season and be a rooter.

Board of Editors.

THOMAS E. BURKE, ' 0 7

WESLEY J. DONAHUE, ' 0 7

WILLIAM A. BOLGER, ' 0 7

ROBERT L. BRACKEN, ' 0 8

PATRICK M. MALLOY, ' 0 7

L E O J. C O O N T Z , ' 0 7

ROBERT A. K.\SPER, ' 0 7

EDWARD F . O ' F L Y X N , ' 0 7 .

L O U I S yi. K E L L E Y , ' 0 7

WM. E . CUNNINGHAM, ' 0 7

FRANCIS T . MAHER, 'OS

WILLIAM LENNARTZ, 'OS

VARNUM A. PARRISH, ' 0 9

P A U L R. M A R T I N ' 0 9

I&X.\TIUS E. MCNAJIEE, ' 0 9

—In the columns of this issue readers w ill fiiid a reprint of an address given by Frederick Ta^dor, President of the American

Societv of Mechanical Engineers. Taylor's I t would be wise fur every

Address. student, classical as Avell as commercial and engineering, t o

read this article. Given \yy a inan of the Avorld w^ho.is solving and meeting practical problems ever\'^ day, i t should carr\'' some weight. We believe, else we wouldn ' t print it, t ha t , there is a big lesson t o be learned from Mr. Ta3dor's address.

T h e Preliminaries.

^^It 's sirprising, t o say the least, how fast the seasons hurry by. J u s t a few ^veeks. ago in a blaze of glorj ' , we pu t the foot­

ball man where he belongs, and now Now we are gett ing ready for the new

Baseball comer, the man wi th b a t and mask and glove. What are we

going-to do in baseball this season? After las t year we have t o " h i t " up a pre t ty ho t pace t o keep where we belong. Many of the veterans are back and there is much promising material around.

To the student body in general we would say a w^ord. Let everyone get in and give the. Varsity the proper credit and the enthusiasm it deserves. Footbal l season, wi th one or t w o exceptions, saw little good rooting. Let us n o t repeat the dis­graceful lack of spirit during the coming baseball season. Support the Varsity, and you can be sure the Varsity will support you. We have said i t so many times t h a t we sometimes think i t must surely get monotonous, bu t still i t is a lways more and more true, t h a t no t only the actual

The first series of try-outs for the Varsity debating teams wall begin Monda3^

. Unusualh'^ spirited forensic batt les are expected. Five members of last 3'ear's teams are out t o hold their places. Never had the men rnore t o work for. One team debates Iowa Sta te Universitj^ a t I o w a citj'-, and the other opens a new .series wi th Purdue University. The lowans , who last year proved themselves. foemen alto­gether wor thy of our steel, are known throughout the West as s trong debaters. This will be our first contest in debate wi th Purdue, though"•. in athletics thej-^ have been for 3'ears able, honorable and no t infrequentl3^ successful rivals. The question, one of the most absorbing of living issues, i s : Resolved, t h a t the cities of the United States should seek the solution of the street ra i lway problem in private ownership. We have the affirmative wi th Iowa, and though h o t a l l , arrange­ments have yet been completed, it is likel3^ we will have the negative wi th Purdue. Every man who has entered the race owes - i t t o Notre Dame t o do his level best t o make one of the teams. Go in t o win, no t merely " t o g e t some practice in speaking.". '-'."•

^fOTRJi BAMR \SCHOLASTIC. •255

{Continued from page 253.)

get book learning or a wide knowledge of facts. The successful men of our acqiiaintance are, generally speaking, neither learned nor men of great intellect. The3'- are men, first of all, possessed with an earnest jjurposc. ThcA' have a certain all-round' poise or balance, called common-sense. The^- have acquired through long training those habits, both mental and pliA'sical, which make them masters over themselves; and a t all times the3' have the firm determination to paA' the price for success in hard work and self-denial.

I t is singleness and earnestness of purpose tha t constitutes the great motive power back of most successful men, and it is a notable facf t h a t the moment a 3-oung man becomes animated with such a purpose tha t moment he ceases to believe in the elective s^-stem and in the loose college discipline.

In all earnest enterprises which the students them­selves manage, thev throw the elective svstem- to the winds, - and adopt methods and a discipline quite as rigid as those prevailing, in the commercial and industrial Avorkl.

The bo\' who joins the football squad is given • no sixty cuts a season, nor is he allowed to choose what he will do. He does just what some one else tells him to do and • does it a t the time and in the manner he is told, and one or -two lapses from training rules arc sufiicicnt cause for expulsion from the team or the crew.

I sa}- in all seriousness that were it not for a certain trickiness and a low professional spirit which has come to be a part of the game, I should look upon football and the training received in athletics as one of the most useful elements in a college-course, for two reasons: first, because in it tliej- are actuated by a truh' serious purpose; and second, because tlic}- arc there given, not the elective idea of doing what they want to, but co-operation, and co-operation; of the same general character- which thcA' will be called upon to practice in after life. . - .

Is not the greatest jjroblem in universitj,- life, .then^ how to animate the students with an eaniest, logical purpose? In facing this question I would call attention to one class of A'Oimg men who are-almost iiniversalh' imbued with such a purpose; nameh', those who, through necessitv^ or otherwise, have. come into close contact and direct competition with men working for a living. These young men" acquii"e- a truH' c'arnest purpose. Thex sec the realitv" of life; theA"-have a strong foretaste of the struggle "ahead - of .them, and the\- come to the universit\' -with a determination to . get something practical from the . college training which the^' can.use later in .their competition with men. Thej' are in great . demand after graduating, and, as a class, make themselves usefiil almost froin the da}' tha t they s tar t in to Avoi^k. . ' . • - •

. Neither': their earnestness of. purpose,' however;- nor. their immediate usefiilness, comes from . anj ' technical knowledge, which they have acquired while working outside of the university, but rather from! having earh'"brought home' to them the natiire of the great problem they must face after graduating.^ Nothing

but contact with work and actual competition 'with men struggling for a- living -will teach thfcm this, f i t call not lae theorized .over or-IecturecL upon,.iQr'itaught in the school-workshop or" laboratory. '" ' " '•

_ I look upon this actual work arid competition with men working for a" living as-of suphi-greati-jValue in developing earnestness , of purpose; t ha t it -would seem to me time well spent for each student, say, a t the end of the Freshman 3-ear, .to" be h'andeJ'oyer'by the university- for a' period of" six=jinonths-:t6^S(ftne commercial, engineering, or manufacturing- establish­ment, there to-.\%'ork as- an (employee:."jat whatever iob is given him, either manual or other work.. He should have the same hours and be under the same discipline as all other "employees,- and should receive no favors. Moreover, he should be obliged , to. stay even a longer time than six months ..unless, he has in the meantime given satisfaction to" hfs~employers.

JM\- belief in the benefits to be derived_fi[:ohL doing practical, everyday wprk earh- iii the college "course is not the result of 'a? theory. ^It ^ s founded upon close observarion and study of young men who have had this experience, and al^o upon a \-ivid remem­brance of breakfasting each' ihorniiig a t five-thirtj-and starting to sweep ^the floor of'a'pa1:tern''sff6p^as an apprentice some thirty-two -yeai% agdvafteK-Kavifig spent several years in preparing.for.,Harvard,-;C<^ege. The contrast between the two-occupations ^\as._^^a.t, but I look back upon the first six months of mv apprenticeship as a pattemriiaker ' as, btf t he ' wHole, the most valuable par t of m}- education: Not'.ih'at I gained much knowledge during- t h a t tiihef-irb?.aid I ever become a very good patternmaker; but the awakening as to the reality .and seriousnes's^~of "life was complete, and, I-believe,, of-g^eat.-^yaluej-^? w_

Unfortunatelv, laboratorv .-.or even^ sh6b-woVk, in • • ' . "' c'-'" \ ' '-'•'•Zi i'^>i^y:'^-^^ 'jrif'

the university, useftil as they are, do no t serve "at '^Il the same purpose, since the -young "niSn I s surfounffed there b}- other students arid '"prdfessofs,3 and lacks the actual competition of men - workingvfor a li-ving» He does not learn a t college that,- on the^pvholc^ the. ordinary mechanics,.and even poorly educated work­men, are riaturalh' about . as smairt' as he, is, and tha t his best wa\- to rise' above them lies i'ri' getei^^'Kif mind riiore thoroughly 'trained >than''therrsV'"and^S leamihg things they-do not kiiow.^^^All, of tbisf^sho6|d be . t augh t him through „six,-:mpnth&'..contacts2-?!VTyi workingmen. .. , • i-.^^-t . Let me repeat in conclusion tha t Tbu;:,. colk^^e

graduates "are the best picked bbdjr'of^nfeff in "-the communitv'. Yet I believe ' th 'a t - i t ' i s poisibl^^to. so train young men tha t the3';\\Tlli be.-useful--to ijhefi: •employers almost from the-..day that,-tli(^y-leav,e college; so tha t .they, .will be. reasonablv satisfied with their new work instead of discontented.; and to place them, upon gracluatirigj one'bf^ two''*yeais nearer-success than they now-are"; and that*tB^ca&i best be accomplished -,by-Jgiving.'-themM an^earniiest purpose through- six :.montl\s-i contact-tjearly^m -fifcir

. college ;.life withirien w^orking. for a li\:ingi.'i.by rigidly prescribing a course of studies - carefully j ihd logically selected, and with *some definite oBjecf-.'iii'^'iew-,'and b\' subjecting them to a. discipline" • compjtfab'le "with t h a t adopted hx the rest of^the world. --".TS- '.'Vii

256 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

Oratorical Contest.

Under the auspices of the Intercollegiate Peace .Association at Cincinnati, Ohio, Ma\' 17, 1907.

RULES 0 1 - T H E CO.VIEST.

1. Each uiiversity, college, or other school belonging to the Intercollegiate Peace .A^ssociation may Ijc represented In' one contestant who must" be a bona fide student of the institution he represents.

2. The orations must deal with some phase of the general subject of international arbitration and jjeace.

3. The orations must not exceed two thousand words in length.

4. Tvpewritten manuscripts of the orations, without the name of the writer or of his school, must be in the hands of the secretar\- of the Intercollegiate Peace Association not later than .April 10, 1907.

5. The number of contestants who shall speak a t the contest is limited to eight. If more than eight institutions enter npj-esenlatiA'es for the contest, the eight receiving the highest ranking on their manuscripts will be entitled to speak a t the contest.

6. The manuscripts will be graded on a scale of 100 In- the judges on thought and composition. The speakers will be graded in like manner hy the judges on delivery. The final rank of the contestants will be determined by the sum of the ranks given by the judges, recording to the rules laid down in the constitution of the Interstate Oratorical Association.

Three prizes will ])e awarded a": follows: First Prize, $75.00; second Prize, $50.00; Third Prize, $25.00.

ELBEKT RUSSELL, Secretary.

610 National Ave.,

Richmond. Ind, \Vm. P. Rogers, Dean Cin. Law School, President.

Athletic Notes.

Those of 3' ou who read this dope will -please forget t h a t j-^ou read the same last 3'ear and will prepare for the coming season bj ' forgetting t h a t the t rack men are " n o w running in grand form and will be ready t o carry a w a y all the points in the s ta te meet when the time arrives; " you will also forget, if y^ou please, t h a t the baseball men are slowly rounding into shape, and will annex another Championship banner for Notre Dame; the pitchers w'ill soon be twist ing the sphere in and out of the air and shooting them up so fast t h a t no one can see them; the heavy hi t t ing outfielders and

infielders will a t the same time be tearing the cover oflF the ball wi th their mighty bats . You will then please forget all this, and remember t h a t there is no news now- and t h a t prospects " m u s t furnish the sporting editor with material t o fill these columns." So do not look for any^thing star t l ing or even interesting for a t least t w o or three weeks, and even then i t wall be a mat te r of opinion and much discussion as t o whether the " n e w s " will be interesting or startl ing.

Prospects—^there is the first one—^for a t rack team this year look good, twent3' men responded t o Coach Draper's call. Among the old men t o report were: Keefe, half and quarter miler, Donovan, the speedj^ relaj'-runner. Scales, high hurdler and high jumper, Casper, O'Connell and Keach sprinters, Beacom and O F h - n n weight men and Bracken sporting editor. Around these men Draper hopes t o build a t rack team t h a t will take Notre Dame back into t rack athletics in the s ta te a t least. The new n.en are counted on t o do thinsrs this vear; in Smithson Coach Draper has a sprinter who is touted £is a wonder; he ran second t o Kellv, the western champion, who broke the world's record fo r ' the 100 \-ard dash last summer; he has a record in the high hurdlers and 220 3-ard dash t h a t is iar better than an3'thing m the state, and if he can come up t o his reputation he will be able t o carrj'-awa3'^ the s ta te meet b3'' himself. In Bo3'le there appears t o be another: point wanner; he has a good record in the _ pole vaul t and has done ten feet in practice already. Bervey, Dolan and Wood look t o be good for some points in the weight events. Alanager Draper will arrange indoor meets w^ith Purdue, Indiana, and Wabash t o be held some time during the next t w o months, so if there are an3' t rack men floating around the school the3^ wall please report a t the Gvm Monday afternoon a t three o'clock.

Prospects—that is the s e c o n d ^ o r another championship baseball team are good. Capt . Waldorf, Sheehan, the heavy hi t t ing outfielder, Brogan, third base, Bonnah, outfielder, Perce, the slab art is t , and Cooke, sub-catcher, are all t h a t remain of the last year 's team, but the wealth of new material t h a t is on hand insures a first-class team. In

JSfO'lRE DAMh iSCHOLASTlC. 257

Curtis, Waldorf has another Johnnie Murra}', in Dubuc, a wonderful pitcher, in Scanlon (a brother t o the famous BrookWn star) , a catcher and outfielder, in Boyle, a second baseman, and in McKenna, another good in-fielder. Then, there are anj-- number of men who look t o be baseball goods and who will develop. Of last j^ear's second string, Tobiri, Keefe, Hogan, Hejd, Roach, McBride, Mclnt^-re, and several other men who made good on various hall teams are out and will make somebodv go some t o beat them out of a place on the Varsity.

"Jimra3^" Callahan, of White Sox fame, has found i t impossible t o accept the posi­tion of baseball coach, as his own team in Chicago demands all of his time. I t was the intention of the management t o get a man this season who could remain wi th the team throughout the entire college season. For the pas t t w o j'-ears Harr\'-Arndt of South Bend • and St. Louis Nationals handled the future greats and proved t o be a. good man, bu t he is com­pelled t o leave the team early occasioned b}"- t ak ing the training t r ip with the St. Louis t eam. . Although nothing has been done in "the mat te r as yet Arndt may be engaged again this 3^ear. Lou Creiger, catcher in the Boston American team, is also under consideration.

* * *

As usual, Corby is tak ing the lead in hall teams, having plaj-ed t w o basket­ball games alreadv this vear.

* -* *

T h e Social Whirl.

Manager Draper is endeavoring t o arrange an eastern t r ip for the baseball team, and from the present outlook i t looks as though the deal w^ould go through.

* » *

The result of the conference ruling has declared Bracken ineligible for next year 's football team, this pas t 3^ear being his third. Likewise does the hammer fall on Waldorf.

r * * *

Since s tar t ing this, Manager Draper has informed "ye scribes" t h a t the first t rack event will very likely be wi th Michigan "Aggies", a t Notre Dame on March 2.

nV E. PEKCIVAL SXOB.

Maj-^be this is not the place for it, bu t i t seems t o me a word should be said. The debates are on, and from w h a t I can gather on the campus there are no t too manj-^ enthusiasts floating around. I t ' s a shame and too bad. There are many good men who are n o t going in. Who is going t o win for us against Purdue ? Fellows, Purdue isn't De Pauw, and the second team we send down there must be a good s t rong one. Then, too, Iowa needs watching. I believe the Hawkej-^es went away a bit mad last time and swearing vengeance this vear.

* * •

Griffin and McNamara have come back t o the old haunts and everyone is glad t o see them. They have brought home s ta r t ­ling news about some old friends who left the University- some time ago.

I can no t help appreciating John McGill Fox. John is something of a character in himself, and I haven' t any doubt b a t t h a t he will make his mark in the world. I t seems t o me John gets a good deal of amusement -^out of the world in general and looks a t i t sor t of grinningly, b u t then i t ' s a mutual affair, and I suppose i t ' s the prerogative of both.

*

Sometimes I've thought I'd like t o be a senior, b u t of late I'm learning. Now take for instance the things a man is subject t o . F o r example, there's the terrible puns Barados Keefe springs. I was passing the table the other day, and Euphie Kenny, the wa te r nj'^mph, ventured t h a t "Wadden would make his mark some day." To the everlasting shame of Keefe he answered: "Yes, a few scratches probably." Now, t h a t sor t of thing should be abolished.. Then again when Kasper "knew his American History by Hart,'' he should have been promptly l3utchered. Such are a few of the seniors I've heard about—of course, and thanks for that—thev're no t all alike. Yoang

^58 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

Perez recognizing an engineer's limitations. wears a C. E. cap and translates it "Con­ditioned in English," which is a ver3^ jila^isible' excuse for the cap, and goes to shdw the ' l i t t l e ' revolutionist 's wi t ; for to Jocko , ' "life is; a funn3'- proposeeshun, gffter^aii:'' '^-

* * ' "•'I'3 "like ' t o be President of something, some S : P . C. A., etc: If I w^ere I am firmh--resblved that" I'd have Jim Flahertj-- upon fne 'carpe t ' ever " day. Such an original '^'Tough-h'o'user " " and- general disturbance-msLlc^rtiielJniversitj^ hasn ' t had for j'^ears. Ohlv tlfe other" day t' heard t h a t he set Ohlf sl3me"^hir6soj)hy'cla:ss in distress because of his antics cbhceming Darwin. His' original i fe's Srcli" "ihtb''" Lotze ! and Kolfeuter rbaj^ l5l' ' 'air"right'for jirii 'and verj^ pleasurable, but ' ''that"^ ddfesn't iustif\^ his tmlooked-for as'saiirtoh a harmless, unsuspecting class. 24 wi th a" new'lock for vour theories, Mr. Jim.

7l:=5& •S"5-«------- * * ..Joyce.^arid Fox are both back and the law department-is , feeling good about it. Not jqn^'I^^the. law^ .department but ever3d3od3'-m 'gehef al...

* * I V . ^._3^1ter's holidaj^s were somewhat unpleas­ant:^.<For„ a piart of them he w^as sul3Jected t o an^operation .on his knee. "The Ouin-tescerice of Preciseness" is very well now fhough f,and the , " r e c " room looks quite faihiiiar..^ yvath. him. '

^ a g « v:.-Personals.

i ^ ^ '

>5.; f '^^pfred/D. Kelly, an old student, has liSfpme 'associated with T. M. Welles in the ffilSiagement o f t h e Minneapolis Commercial iVgency. : ..:—Announcement is made of. the marriage

of-'Ciaira'-J.-'Pocken, of California, Ohio, t-QiMfU-HarryS \yncent Crumley (C. E. '03). TKr ScHoiAsTiC': offers congratulations and liap^3&-auguriesl:vC.\ ...

-ff^'diStinguisHed-alumnus of Notre Dame, Seneftdr Jbhn^'MV Gearin .of Oregon, held th^'5<^t^e~''0f"the s tage ' i i i ' the United States Sena^.-''6n"'Jafluary- 6th: I t was Senator-(|e^nii^S--"maideii"^^effbid;, but- his reputafion d s * ^ prat%lrad~p'receded Irim arid aroused great /interest.-"'We . qiiote the following

from the Oregonian of Port land, whose Washington correspondent w^rites:

"Sena tor Gearin covered himself with glor3'- in his speech in the Senate to-day, in which he advocated exclusion of Japanese coolies. He exhibited exceptional abilit3^ and charm as a speaker, and presented arguments t h a t were e3^e-openers even t o Senators and t o the throngs in the galleries. When- the Senate convened a t noon, the galleries -vvere crowded t o their limit, in anticipation of a liveh-^ debate on the Brownsville affair. But Gearin had given notice t h a t he would speak immediatel3'' aiter the close of the moriiiug business to-day, and senatorial courtesy demanded t h a t he be heard, nothwiths tanding Foraker and Lodge were eager t b resume the fight over the negro t roop issue.

" I t was an exceptional compliment t o Gearin t h a t the galleries remained packed throughout his two-hour speech, and still more of a compliment t h a t the Senate, not filled w^hen he began, was completely filled before he had spoken 15 minutes, and Senators w ho came in sta3'^ed t o the end o f 'h i s speech. Never in the memorj'-of the oldest employe in and about the Senate has auA' new Senator heretofore delivered his maiden speech t o a full Senate and to galleries packed and jammed. On the • contrary, the Senate usually exhibits the utriiost indifference t o maiden speeches of new Senators; and older Senators, t o exhibit their disapproval, usually retire. The reverse w^as true with Gearin.

"Gearin began as . if arguing a case in court; as he warmed up and launched into the body oif his argument he became so remarkably eloquent t h a t orators , like Eodge and Beveridge, moved close by and followed every w^ord, visibly impressed 133' w^hat w^as said and how^ it was said. I t was noted t h a t the diplomatic galleries, scarce^ ever occupied, were completely filled. As he retired. Senators showered him wi th congratulations, and applause w^as man­ifested in the galleries. ' Needless t o sa3r, every Notre Dame man

is proud of Senator Gearin, who is as lovable in character as he is gifted in mind. The Senator has kihdl3' promised t o visit his A/ma Mater soon and t o oeliver a. lecture t o the students.

NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 259

LAW D E P A R T M E N T .

. MORGAN Y. AVARRIKGTON.

This case was tried a t a recent session of the Cour t of Chancery. The solicitors were Messrs. John AV. Sheehan, Palmer Mclnt3''re, Edward J. .Arve3^, Walter L. Jo3-ce, John H; Rogers and Edward P. Carville. Mr. James Y. Cunningham served as clerk. An injunc­tion was sought t o prevent the removal from the complainant 's land of a summer house built b\^ the respondent under a license from - the former owner of - the prqpert3^ The arguments of the solicitors on either side were creditable, and the citation of authorities evidenced diligent research and careful discrimination. Chan­cellor Hoj^nes presided, and. the decision rendered follows the

Statement of Facts.

I t appears t h a t early in January'-, 19.03, the respondent, Alfred Warrington, of South Bend, "purchased a t r ac t of three acres of land on the shore of Hudson Lake, a hodj of wa te r situated near the western bound-a iy of'St. Joseph County, State of Indiana. T w o or three months afterw'ard he built a cottage on the propertj--, intending it for the use of himself and. familv- during the hot weather of JuW and August. . He told his friends t h a t he designed to .make i t his home during the summer months and invited many of them t o visit him there and par take of his hospitalit3^ In M a y , however, when- the cottage had been com­pleted, he discovered t h a t his ground, was not as eligibly situated as he had supposed Avith reference t o accessibilitj* to the lake. This_-was - due t o shallow water and deep mud near the shore. On>.seeing his dilemma a neighbor, Henr\^ Goodenough, said t o

h im: . : . . . "You would better build j^.our boat-house

and gj^mnasium on my place. I have much more land than I need, and i t will afford me^ pleasure t o accommodate you in the mat te r of letting you have, free of charge, as much as jou need of my superfluous space." Warrington thanked him cordially and accepted his considerate and generous offer,;indicating a t the same time a point of land near his own, bu t extending into the lake some t w o hundred feet bej^ond. his

shore line. " I would like t o build upon and make use of t h a t , " he said t o Goodenough. "All r ight ," said the latter, "go o n ! " Within a month thereafter Warrington erected on the place chosen a substantial frame structure. I t afforded easy'access t o the lake and commanded an excellent view of it. Warrington told Goodenough that he and his family considered i t an ideal spot for boating, bathing and fishing. He expressed a wish t o buy it, but Goodenough ansvirered tha t , it was no t for sale.and said, " You j n a y occupy i t as long as you .like under the authority- I gave you."

JanuarA"^ 5, 1904, Goodenough mortgaged his land t o Francis Morgan, w^ho received no notice of the prior license, and knew nothing of the arrangement existing between Warrington and Goodenough. He supposed t h a t all the buildings on the property belonged t o the lat ter . The mortgage debt became due a year later, or in January, 1906. I t seems t h a t Goodenough had given Morgan a judgment note and was unable t o pay the debt when i t became due. Morgan took the necessary steps to enter i t of record in court, foreclose the mortgage and buy in the property himself at sheriffs sale. Warrington, the licensee, did not know of the mortgage and was not made a party t o the foreclosure proceedings. When he ascertained w^hat had been done, as he did in April, he undertook t o remove his summer house. To this Morgan strenuously objected, and now files his bill in equity, praj'ing for. an injunction t o prevent the removal of the building or further inter­ference with i t by Warrington, or, others in privitj ' w^ith him.

Opinion.

The respondent built his summer house under a license communicated orally and voluntarily by Goodenough, the former owner of the land on which it is situated. This land adjoins his own, and the house w a s built as near the boundary line as practicable. I t does no t appear where Goodenough's house stood on the premises or how much of the lake frontage he used, but his improvements were evidently more centrallv located and at some distance from

26o J\'OIRJi DAME i^CHOLASriL

the jjlace chosen hy Warrington for his summer structure. This was used exclusiveh-133'- the la t ter and his famiW, and tha t fapt, together with its somewhat isolated situation, Avould ordinarih'- put a vendee, lessee or mortgagee upon inquiry^ as t o i ts ownership or relation t o the land. But this is a dictum, however, and the decision of the case must not rest upon it. I t is an incidental fact or circumstance t h a t may aidfiilly be taken into consideration in reaching an equitable conclusion. The decision must _be based upon the law of license, as applicable t o real property.

A license convej's no interest in land, and hence may be verbalty given. I t is no t affected bv the s ta tu te of frauds. I t is

ml

revocable a t the will of either partj'^. I t is a personal r ight and ho t assignable. The death of either par ty or a sale of the land puts an end to it.—Blaisdell r . Railroad Companj'-, 51 N. H. 4 8 3 ; Prince v. Case, 10 Conn. 375. And even the insanit^'^ of the licenser would have the same effect.—Berry r . Porter, 29 At. 323. Such is the general rule unless the license be coupled wi th an interest.—Baldwin r . Taylor, 166 Pa . St. 507. And the licensee has a reasonable time in -vrhich t o remove his property after the revocation of the license.—^Barnes i^ Barnes, 6 Vt. 3 8 8 ; Town V. Hazen, 51 N. H. 596; White v. Elwell, 48 Me. 360 ; Desloge v, Pearce,-3S Mo. 599 ; Churchill v. Hulbert, 110 Mass. 4 2 ; Wood V. Leadbitter, 13 M. & W. 856. : -The case of Shipley r . Fink, 62 At. 360 (iMd.), is analogous "to the one a t bar . In thatxrase the owner of land granted a verbal liceiisjfej t o ahxSther person t o consti-uct a building on" the propert3^ The building w a s erected arid; i:he land was subsequently sold under a judicial decree, no reference being made t o the license. On acquiring title the purchaser claimed a r ight t o the building and . prevented the owner firom making further use of i t . A suit .was instituted t o determine the rights of the parties, and the court, held, t h a t while the purchaser could not be compelled t o compensate the owner for preventing the use of the building by tiie.:latterj ye t its ownership remained in the;buildeE,£the. sale no t affecting i t in t h a t rejgard, . and- tha t he had a r ight t o remove ity,H^jQing,.so within a reasonable time and Vif}|]bc>ut^.rjinnecessary. injurj-^ t o the land.

See also Price & Baker Co. v. Madison, 95 N. W. 933. And as t o revocation.— Howies y. Barnum, 81 Pac. 4 8 ; Oliphant r . Richman, 59 At. 2 4 1 ; Entv^^histle x. Henke, 71 N. E. 990; Brown r . City of New York, 68 N. E. 1115; Kibbey v. Richards, 30 Ind. App. 101 . While some of these authorities are ovXy remotely in point, 3''et they are instructive as bearing generally upon the subject of license. Fin ally', iu this case i t is ordered, adjudged and decreed t h a t the petitioner's bill be dismissed for w a n t of equit3'^ and t h a t the respondent be no t prevented from removing his summer house.

• • • • » •

Local Items.

—^Found—^A Greek Letter Societ3^ pin. Inquire of Bro. Paul .

—The H, M. Co. pla3' ed here Saturda3^ So. much for the H. M. Co. I t had quite a length3'^ as well as varied program and gave i t t o the best of its abilit3^ Perhaps we have a few things t o learn about technique, etc., bu t decidedl3'^, Mr. May 's t roupe failed t o make the desired impression. May himself is somewhat of a ^vonder, playing a dozen or more of instruments, but he isn' t a bit funn3', and his a t tempts a t the farcical were pathetic.

—Thursday, January 10, the Bfownson Literary and Debating Society held its first regular meeting for the New Year. The names of t w o students who wish t o be admitted into the club were presented. The program of the evening w a s opened by Mr. S. Dolan who spoke extemporaneousl3% giving a very interesting description of the na tura l beauties of his native state , Oregon. Mr. H. Miller's talk, " T h e Joys of Being a Negro," contained some sympathetic reflec­t ions on the hopeful and cheerful disposition which the poor darke3'^ shows in his sad condition. Air. P . Depew delivered a care­fully prepared speech on the P a n a m a Canal. His purpose w^as t o show the superiority of the canal with locks over the sea-leyel trj- pe. Brother Alphonsus spoke about the Inter-Hall Oratorical Contest, and. asked for a large number t o enter the Brownson preliminary. He also recited the "Buria l of Sir John M o o r e " and "Ring Out, Wild Bel ls ;" the meeting then adjourned.