notes yb lab 3 and lab 4 heat energy on the move and its just a phase
DESCRIPTION
These notes are for Heat and Thermal Energy Labs (Formerly the Yellow LabGuide)TRANSCRIPT
Investigating Heat and Temperature
Lab Stations:Lab Stations: Lab 3: “Energy on the Move” Pages 23 - 42
Lab 4: “It’s Just a Phase” Pages 43 - 55
Energy on the Move:Energy on the Move:Investigating Energy TransferInvestigating Energy Transfer
Objectives:Objectives: The student will:
Compare and Contrast the transfer of energy by conduction, convection and radiation while providing and explaining common examples of each
Objectives:Objectives: Investigate and understand practical and technological applications of thermal energy
Explain how a coiled thermostat works
Key Terms:Key Terms: Thermal Conductor Thermal Insulator
Thermal Conductor Any substance
that conducts, absorbs energy and increases temperature quickly allowing thermal energy to collect and pass through it
Thermal Insulator Any substance
that does not allow the transfer of thermal energy or impedes thermal energy transfer
Essential Learnings Materials that allow energy to
move through them are called thermal conductors
Metals generally conduct thermal energy well but at different rates Depending on the metal’s density
Essential Learnings Convection is the transfer of
thermal energy within fluids and gases (air is considered a fluid for this purpose) by the movement of molecules from place to place.
Molecules carry the energy with them
Essential Learnings The circular motion of fluids
(related to temperature) due to density differences is known as convection currents
Essential Learnings Radiation is the transmission of
energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
Radiation travels in transverse waves
This type of energy does not require matter to transfer
P4 P4 It’s Just a Phase:It’s Just a Phase:Investigating Phase Investigating Phase ChangesChanges
Objectives
The student will illustrate and explain the results of the addition and subtraction of thermal energy on the motion of molecules
Objectives The student will:
Create and examine a temperature graph of phase changes
Label each phase change Determine Freezing, melting, condensation and boiling points from a graph
Key Terms:Key Terms: Phase Change Freezing Point Melting Point Boiling Point Vaporization Condensation
Phase Change When matter
transforms from a solid to a liquid or to a gas Ice Water
Water Vapor
Freezing Point The
temperature or point when a liquid becomes a solid
Water Ice
Melting Point The
temperature or point when a solid substance turns into a liquid
Ice water
Freezing & Melting Melting and
Freezing points are actually the same temperature!
Boiling Point The maximum
temperature at which a liquid can remain in liquid form before turning to vapor or gas
Vaporization When a liquid
becomes a gas Water Steam
(water vapor)
Condensation Point The
temperature or point when vapor becomes a liquid
Vapor Cloud rain
Boiling & Condensation Boiling and
Condensation points are actually the same temperature!
Essential Learnings: Vaporization is the change of
state from liquid to gas Condensation is the change
of state from gas to liquid Both processes take place at
the boiling point of a substance
Essential Learnings: The melting/freezing point and
boiling/condensing point for a pure substance are characteristic properties Pure water melts/freezes at 0oC, and it
boils/vaporizes at 100oC at 1 atmosphere air pressure (sea level)
Higher above sea level
Essential Learnings: As thermal energy is added to a
system the temperature does not always increase Temperature will not increase
during a phase change This is because the energy is needed
to break down the physical forces that bond the molecules to one another
Essential Learnings: Phase changes are indicated by
a horizontal or flat line with no slope, called a plateau Water has two plateaus during
heating One at freezing(melting point) One at vaporization (boiling point)
Essential Learnings: All solids are “Frozen” Freezing is not necessarily “cold’ The freezing point is the temperature
at which a liquid becomes a solid For a pure substance freezing point
is a characteristic property and is independent of the amount of the substance
Essential Learnings: A substances’ cooling graph shows a
plateau at condensation point and the freezing point
The temperature will remain constant during the entire phase change
After the phase change cooling continues until thermal equilibrium is reached